Статті в журналах: "Apraxia"

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Mutha, Pratik K., Lee H. Stapp, Robert L. Sainburg, and Kathleen Y. Haaland. "Motor Adaptation Deficits in Ideomotor Apraxia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23, no. 2 (February 2017): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771600120x.

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AbstractObjectives: The cardinal motor deficits seen in ideomotor limb apraxia are thought to arise from damage to internal representations for actions developed through learning and experience. However, whether apraxic patients learn to develop new representations with training is not well understood. We studied the capacity of apraxic patients for motor adaptation, a process associated with the development of a new internal representation of the relationship between movements and their sensory effects. Methods: Thirteen healthy adults and 23 patients with left hemisphere stroke (12 apraxic, 11 nonapraxic) adapted to a 30-degree visuomotor rotation. Results: While healthy and nonapraxic participants successfully adapted, apraxics did not. Rather, they showed a rapid decrease in error early but no further improvement thereafter, suggesting a deficit in the slow, but not the fast component of a dual-process model of adaptation. The magnitude of this late learning deficit was predicted by the degree of apraxia, and was correlated with the volume of damage in parietal cortex. Apraxics also demonstrated an initial after-effect similar to the other groups likely reflecting the early learning, but this after-effect was not sustained and performance returned to baseline levels more rapidly, consistent with a disrupted slow learning process. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the early phase of learning may be intact in apraxia, but this leads to the development of a fragile representation that is rapidly forgotten. The association between this deficit and left parietal damage points to a key role for this region in learning to form stable internal representations. (JINS, 2017, 23, 139–149)

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Presotto, Monia, Maira Rozenfeld Olchik, Artur Francisco Shumacher Shuh, and Carlos R. M. Rieder. "Assessment of Nonverbal and Verbal Apraxia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/840327.

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Objective. To assess the presence of nonverbal and verbal apraxia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and analyze the correlation between these conditions and patient age, education, duration of disease, and PD stage, as well as evaluate the correlation between the two types of apraxia and the frequency and types of verbal apraxic errors made by patients in the sample.Method. This was an observational prevalence study. The sample comprised 45 patients with PD seen at the Movement Disorders Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients were evaluated using the Speech Apraxia Assessment Protocol and PD stages were classified according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results. The rate of nonverbal apraxia and verbal apraxia in the present sample was 24.4%. Verbal apraxia was significantly correlated with education (p≤0.05). The most frequent types of verbal apraxic errors were omissions (70.8%). The analysis of manner and place of articulation showed that most errors occurred during the production of trill (57.7%) and dentoalveolar (92%) phonemes, consecutively.Conclusion. Patients with PD presented nonverbal and verbal apraxia and made several verbal apraxic errors. Verbal apraxia was correlated with education levels.

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Martins, Fernanda Chapchap, and Karin Zazo Ortiz. "The relationship between working memory and apraxia of speech." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 67, no. 3b (September 2009): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2009000500012.

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The present study aimed to verify the relationship between working memory (WM) and apraxia of speech and explored which WM components were involved in the motor planning of speech. A total of 22 patients and 22 healthy adults were studied. These patients were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: a single brain lesion in the left hemisphere, presence of apraxia of speech and sufficient oral comprehension. This study involved assessment of apraxia of speech and evaluation of working memory capacity. The performance of apraxic patients was significantly poorer than that of controls, where this reached statistical significance. The study concluded that participants with apraxia of speech presented a working memory deficit and that this was probably related to the articulatory process of the phonoarticulatory loop. Furthermore, all apraxic patients presented a compromise in working memory.

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Motomura, Naoyasu, Wolfgang Hartje, Andrea Redbrake, and Klaus Willmes. "Sensorimotor Learning in Ideomotor Apraxia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3_suppl (December 1995): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1123.

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Sensorimotor learning ability in patients with ideomotor apraxia was investigated, using as subjects, eight patients with ideomotor apraxia, 8 with aphasia without ideomotor apraxia, and 8 normal controls. The aphasia, apraxia, and normal control groups were matched for age, sex, and education. The aphasia and apraxia groups were chosen to control for lesion size and scores on Kimura's recurring figure test, the Token test, and intelligence. The mirror-aiming test was performed and the learning effect in terms of decreases in total time, the number of errors, and the times for errors were examined. There was no statistically significant difference between the learning effect of the apraxic group and that of the aphasic group for total time, the number of errors, and the times for errors; however, there were group differences on each trial for number of errors and the times for errors. These results suggest that patients with ideomotor apraxia have some difficulties in motor performance rather than disturbance of learning.

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Motomura, Naoyasu. "Motor Performance in Aphasia and Ideomotor Apraxia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (October 1994): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.719.

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Motor performance in 11 patients with ideomotor apraxia, 11 with aphasia without such apraxia, and 11 normal controls was compared. These three groups were matched on age, sex, education, severity of aphasia, intelligence, and size of lesion. Measures of aiming, tapping, line-following, and steadiness developed by Schoppe in 1974 were used. Both apraxic and aphasic groups showed difficulties with motor performance, and the data of the apraxic group were poorer than those of the aphasic group. These results were consistent with Liepmann's theory.

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Foundas, Anne L., Beth L. Macauley, Anastasia M. Raymer, Lynn M. Maher, Kenneth M. Heilman, and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. "Ecological implications of limb apraxia: Evidence from mealtime behavior." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700000114.

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AbstractHumans learn skilled acts in order to effectively interact with their environment. A loss of the ability to perform skilled acts is termed apraxia. Apraxia has been thought to be of theoretical interest, but the ecological implications of apraxia are controversial and have not been fully studied. We examined ten patients with unilateral left hemisphere cerebral infarctions (eight of whom were apraxic) and compared their mealtime eating behavior to a group of neurologically normal, age-matched controls. The stroke patients were less efficient in completing the meal. They made more action errors and were less organized in the sequencing of mealtime activities. Because the patients made more errors while using tools than when performing nontool actions, their deficit could not be accounted for by an elemental motor deficit. A positive relationship was found between mealtime action errors and the severity of apraxia. These findings suggest that limb apraxia may adversely influence activities of daily living. (JINS, 1995, I, 62–66.)

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Rounis, Elisabeth, and Ferdinand Binkofski. "Limb Apraxias: The Influence of Higher Order Perceptual and Semantic Deficits in Motor Recovery After Stroke." Stroke 54, no. 1 (January 2023): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.122.037948.

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Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Limb apraxia is a group of higher order motor disorders associated with greater disability and dependence after stroke. Original neuropsychology studies distinguished separate brain pathways involved in perception and action, known as the dual stream hypothesis. This framework has allowed a better understanding of the deficits identified in Limb Apraxia. In this review, we propose a hierarchical organization of this disorder, in which a distinction can be made between several visuomotor pathways that lead to purposeful actions. Based on this, executive apraxias (such as limb kinetic apraxia) cause deficits in executing fine motor hand skills, and intermediate apraxias (such as optic ataxia and tactile apraxia) cause deficits in reaching to grasp and manipulating objects in space. These disorders usually affect the contralesional limb. A further set of disorders collectively known as limb apraxias include deficits in gesture imitation, pantomime, gesture recognition, and object use. These deficits are due to deficits in integrating perceptual and semantic information to generate complex movements. Limb apraxias are usually caused by left-hemisphere lesions in right-handed stroke patients, affecting both limbs. The anterior- to posterior-axis of brain areas are disrupted depending on the increasing involvement of perceptual and semantic processes with each condition. Lower-level executive apraxias are linked to lesions in the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia, while intermediate apraxias are linked to lesions in dorso-dorsal subdivisions of the dorsal fronto-parietal networks. Limb apraxias can be caused by lesions in both dorsal and ventral subdivisions including the ventro-dorsal stream and a third visuomotor pathway, involved in body schema and social cognition. Rehabilitation of these disorders with behavioral therapies has aimed to either restore perceptuo-semantic deficits or compensate to overcome these deficits. Further studies are required to better stratify patients, using modern neurophysiology and neuroimaging techniques, to provide targeted and personalized therapies for these disorders in the future.

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8

Ortiz, Karin Zazo, and Fernanda Chapchap Martins. "The relationship between severity of apraxia of speech and working memory." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 1 (March 2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40100011.

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Abstract Based on previously observed relationships between working memory (WM) and speech, the current study investigated the relationship between degree of oral apraxia (AOS) and WM capacity. Methods: This study involved assessment and classification of degree of apraxia of speech in 22 apraxic participants and evaluation of WM capacity using digit span and word-list repetition tests. Both tests were able to assess the phonoarticulatory loop, while the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test investigated the phonoarticulatory loop and the episodic buffer. Results: Independently from the degree of apraxia of speech, all of participants presented compromise in WM. Conclusions: The data presented might suggest that individuals with AOS typically have WM impairment, but it is still not clear if the severity of AOS is related to WM capacity. Future studies could verify the relationship between the severity of apraxia and the severity of WM deficits.

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Cera, Maysa Luchesi, Karin Zazo Ortiz, Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci, and Thaís Soares Cianciarullo Minett. "Speech and orofacial apraxias in Alzheimer's disease." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 10 (June 7, 2013): 1679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000781.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects not only memory but also other cognitive functions, such as orientation, language, praxis, attention, visual perception, or executive function. Most studies on oral communication in AD focus on aphasia; however, speech and orofacial apraxias are also present in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of speech and orofacial apraxias in patients with AD with the hypothesis that apraxia severity is strongly correlated with disease severity.Methods:Ninety participants in different stages of AD (mild, moderate, and severe) underwent the following assessments: Clinical Dementia Rating, Mini-Mental State Examination, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, a specific speech and orofacial praxis assessment, and the oral agility subtest of the Boston diagnostic aphasia examination.Results:The mean age was 80.2±7.2 years and 73% were women. Patients with AD had significantly lower scores than normal controls for speech praxis (mean difference=−2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−3.3 to −2.4) and orofacial praxis (mean difference=−4.9, 95% CI=−5.4 to −4.3). Dementia severity was significantly associated with orofacial apraxia severity (moderate AD: β=−19.63, p=0.011; and severe AD: β=−51.68, p < 0.001) and speech apraxia severity (moderate AD: β=7.07, p = 0.001; and severe AD: β= 8.16, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Speech and orofacial apraxias were evident in patients with AD and became more pronounced with disease progression.

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Hagedorn, Christina, Michael Proctor, Louis Goldstein, Stephen M. Wilson, Bruce Miller, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, and Shrikanth S. Narayanan. "Characterizing Articulation in Apraxic Speech Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-15-0112.

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Purpose Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and accompanying analytical methods are shown to capture and quantify salient aspects of apraxic speech, substantiating and expanding upon evidence provided by clinical observation and acoustic and kinematic data. Analysis of apraxic speech errors within a dynamic systems framework is provided and the nature of pathomechanisms of apraxic speech discussed. Method One adult male speaker with apraxia of speech was imaged using real-time MRI while producing spontaneous speech, repeated naming tasks, and self-paced repetition of word pairs designed to elicit speech errors. Articulatory data were analyzed, and speech errors were detected using time series reflecting articulatory activity in regions of interest. Results Real-time MRI captured two types of apraxic gestural intrusion errors in a word pair repetition task. Gestural intrusion errors in nonrepetitive speech, multiple silent initiation gestures at the onset of speech, and covert (unphonated) articulation of entire monosyllabic words were also captured. Conclusion Real-time MRI and accompanying analytical methods capture and quantify many features of apraxic speech that have been previously observed using other modalities while offering high spatial resolution. This patient's apraxia of speech affected the ability to select only the appropriate vocal tract gestures for a target utterance, suppressing others, and to coordinate them in time.

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Tyshchenko, Vladyslav. "SPEECH PRAXIS DISORDERS: DISORDERS QUALIFICATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF REVISION OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY CLASSIFICATIONS REVISION." Scientific Journal of Khortytsia National Academy, no. 2023-9 (December 20, 2023): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2023-9-18.

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The article covers the issue of qualifications relevant for modern speech-language therapy science and praxis of the disorder: apraxia and dyspraxia of speech in persons with sound disorders. Concepts: praxis, apraxia and dyspraxia of speech, – are considered. The types of praxis and their participation in the acts of creation and implementation of the motor program of speech are determined. The typology of apraxia and dyspraxia of speech was determined and their differential features were identified both within the group of speech praxis disorders and in the group of phonological disorders as a whole. In particular, the differences between kinetic and kinesthetic praxis and the specifics of the demonstration of their disorders in speech are represented. Thus, it is determined that kinesthetic (afferent) apraxia of speech manifests itself mainly at the level of phonological disorders of the type of literal paraphasias – numerous, variable, unstable substitutions of sounds. The second feature of this form of apraxia (dyspraxia) of speech is the significant difficulty in automating the sounds that have already been produced. Instead, kinetic (efferent) apraxia of speech primarily affects the reproduction of the syllabic structure of the word and the difficulties of overcoming them with relatively preserved pronunciation of separate sounds. The author draws attention to two options for the qualification of speech praxis disorders, as an separate sound disorder, and as a symptom in more complex disorders: cortical dysarthria, motor kinesthetic (afferent) and motor kinetic (efferent) alalia and aphasia. The essential problems of the qualification of apraxias and dyspraxias of speech in the absence of such nosologies in the clinical-pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical classifications of speech disorders existing in Ukraine are emphasized. The ways of solving the specified problems are justified by revising the existing classifications and including apraxia and dyspraxia of speech as separate nosologies in them. Options for coordinating the formulation of speech-language therapy conclusions are presented, in which this disorders are qualified according to the old and updated classifications.

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Marquardt, Thomas P., Georgia Duffy, and Michael P. Cannito. "Acoustic Analysis of Accurate Word Stress Patterning in Patients With Apraxia of Speech and Broca's Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 4, no. 4 (November 1995): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0404.180.

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Stress-marking strategies employed by subjects with apraxia of speech were compared to those of matched normal controls, for real disyllabic words produced in isolation and in sentences, across acoustic variables of fundamental frequency, syllable duration, and vocal intensity. Heterogeneity of stress marking in terms of acoustic trading relationships was observed in both the apraxic and normal subjects. Strategies varied depending on whether words were produced in isolation or in sentences, and whether the first or second syllable was stressed. Allowing for marked durational increases in apraxia, there were negligible differences in stress marking between groups. However, some idiosyncratic strategies and a tendency toward reduced durational contrast between stressed and unstressed syllables were observed.

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Groenen, Paul, Ben Maassen, Thom Crul, and Geert Thoonen. "The Specific Relation Between Perception and Production Errors for Place of Articulation in Developmental Apraxia of Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 3 (June 1996): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3903.468.

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Developmental apraxia of speech is a disorder of phonological and articulatory output processes. However, it has been suggested that perceptual deficits may contribute to the disorder. Identification and discrimination tasks offer a fine-grained assessment of central auditory and phonetic functions. Seventeen children with developmental apraxia (mean age 8:9, years:months) and 16 control children (mean age 8:0) were administered tests of identification and discrimination of resynthesized and synthesized monosyllabic words differing in place-of-articulation of the initial voiced stop consonants. The resynthetic and synthetic words differed in the intensity of the third formant, a variable potentially enlarging their clinical value. The results of the identification task showed equal slopes for both subject groups, which indicates no phonetic processing deficit in developmental apraxia of speech. The hypothesized effect of the manipulation of the intensity of the third formant of the stimuli was not substantiated. However, the children with apraxia demonstrated poorer discrimination than the control children, which suggests affected auditory processing. Furthermore, analyses of discrimination performance and articulation data per apraxic subject demonstrated a specific relation between the degree to which auditory processing is affected and the frequency of place-of-articulation substitutions in production. This indicates the interdependence of perception and production. The results also suggest that the use of perceptual tasks has significant clinical value.

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McNeil, Malcolm R., Gary Weismer, Scott Adams, and Moira Mulligan. "Oral Structure Nonspeech Motor Control in Normal, Dysarthric, Aphasic and Apraxic Speakers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 2 (June 1990): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3302.255.

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This study investigated the isometric force and static position control of the upper lip, lower lip, tongue, jaw, and finger in four subject groups (normal control, apraxia of speech, conduction aphasia, and ataxic dysarthria) at two force and displacement levels. Results from both the force and position tasks suggested that the apraxic and dysarthric groups tended to produce significantly greater instability than the normal group, although the pattern of instability across articulators was not systematic within or across the force and position experiments for subjects within or between groups. The conduction aphasic group produced force and position stability that typically was not significantly different from any of the remaining three groups, suggesting that their force and position stability as indexed in the present study fell somewhere between that of the normal group and the apraxic and dysarthric groups. It is suggested that other analyses of force and position control, such as descriptive accounts of the trial-by-trial time histories, might shed additional light on the speech and orofacial sensorimotor control deficits in persons with apraxia, dysarthria, and conduction aphasia.

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Aboras, Yehia Amin, Ghada Abdelhady Ashmawy, Reham Mohamed Elmaghraby, and Sabah Saeed Gommaa. "Assessment protocol for patients with acquired apraxia of speech." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 33, no. 2 (April 2017): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1012-5574.206018.

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Abstract Background Apraxia of speech can be defined as an articulation disorder that results from impairment of the capacity to order the positioning of speech musculature and the sequencing of muscle movements for volitional production of phonemes and sequences of phonemes. Objective The aim of this study was to adapt the Apraxia Battery for Adults II (ABA II) test to suit the Egyptian culture in order to apply this test for assessing Egyptian apraxic patients for proper management of this ailment. Subjects and methods This study was conducted on two groups: the first group consisted of 56 adult patients with expressive aphasia and/or dysarthria, who were evaluated with ABA II to detect any apraxic elements. The second group consisted of 100 healthy adults who served as the control group and were evaluated by ABA II to yield cutoff scores. Test reliability was assessed by internal consistency reliability using reliability coefficient α (Cronbach’s α). Test validity was measured on the basis of content validity, concurrent validity, and group differentiation. Results Reliability of the ABA II test was proved to be high, on the basis of the high values of coefficient α obtained for all test items (0.746–0.937), denoting an intercorrelation between test items. Validity of the ABA II was proven by three methods: content validity, concurrent validity (correlation matrix between different items of the test was determined and there was a strong correlation between the test items), and group differentiation (comparison of the test results between apraxic patients, nonapraxic patients, and controls was done and statistically significant differences were found between the scores of all test items among these groups.) The test was proven to be sensitive and specific. Conclusion The results were highly significant and were capable of discriminating between normal subjects and apraxic patients.

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Futamura, Akinori. "Apraxia." Higher Brain Function Research 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.40.199.

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Heilman, Kenneth M. "APRAXIA." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 16 (August 2010): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.con.0000368262.53662.08.

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Warren, Jason D. "Apraxia." Canadian Medical Association Journal 190, no. 2 (January 14, 2018): E55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171084.

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McClain, Maryellen, and Anne Foundas. "Apraxia." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 4, no. 6 (December 2004): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-004-0071-z.

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Goldenberg, Georg. "Apraxia." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 4, no. 5 (May 8, 2013): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1241.

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Capone, Jay Guido, Sergio Della Sala, Hans Spinnler, and Annalena Venneri. "Upper and Lower Face and Ideomotor Apraxia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 14, no. 1-2 (2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/518959.

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Introduction:Apraxia of face movement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been rarely investigated. This study aimed at investigating the frequency of lower (mouth, tongue and throat) and upper (eyes and eyebrows) face apraxia, in AD and its relationship with limb apraxia and severity of dementia.Methods:Fifty seven patients with AD were tested with a new standardised test of face apraxia including upper and lower face movements, which uses an item-difficulty weigthed scoring procedure, the IMA test, a test of ideomotor apraxia and the M.O.D.A., a means to assess dementia severity.Results:Thirteen (23%) and 19 (33%) participants were below cut-off respectively on the upper and lower face apraxia test. Both sections of the Face Apraxia Test correlated significantly with the Ideomotor Apraxia Test. However, double dissociations between different types of apraxia were observed. Both the upper and lower face apraxia tests correlated significantly with the measure of dementia severity.Conclusions:The finding show that a proportion of AD patients fails face apraxia tests. Their face apraxia is interlinked with ideomotor limb apraxia, although dissociations are possible. Severity of dementia deterioration accounts for a good proportion of the variability of AD patients’ performance on face apraxia tests.

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Lee, Hee-Ryoung, and Hee-Soon Woo. "Occupational Therapy for Apraxia." Korean Society of Occupational Therapy 32, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14519/kjot.2024.32.1.02.

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Purpose: Apraxia is a target of occupational therapy because it negatively affects a person ability and independence in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living and the person’s social participation. We aimed to provide comprehensive information related to apraxia to effectively provide occupational therapy for patients with apraxia. Subjects: Diagnosis of apraxia involves evaluation through clinical observation, such as the ability to pantomime, imitate, and complete multi-step tasks, and standardized evaluation tools, such as the Test of Upper Limb Apraxia (TULIA) and the Apraxia Screen of TULIA (AST). Evidence-based interventions for apraxia include gesture and strategy training. Although evidence is still lacking, interventions using virtual reality or mirrors are also being introduced to treat apraxia. Interventions based on functional cognition concepts can also be applied to the treatment of apraxia. Functional cognitive interventions include tasks/habits and strategies and indirect interventions. Conclusion: Apraxia can cause difficulties when attempting to perform intentional movements, thereby reducing a participant's ability to perform functional activities. Accordingly, implementing patient-centered occupational therapy tailored to the special needs of patients with apraxia is necessary. Findings of this study will be meaningful for the implementation of evidence-based occupational therapy for apraxia.

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Hyuga, Reiko. "Apraxia of Speech and Apraxia of Phonation." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 45, no. 4 (2004): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.45.304.

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Catrini, Melissa, Francisca Lier-DeVitto, and Lúcia Maria Guimarães Arantes. "Apraxias: considerações sobre o corpo e suas manifestações motoras inesperadas." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 57, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v57i2.8642396.

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O termo apraxia faz referência a uma perturbação do gesto, que envolve a dificuldade, ou até mesmo a impossibilidade, de realizar movimentos de maneira voluntária sem a presença de prejuízos musculares que justificassem o sintoma apresentado. Quando o gesto em questão é o articulatório, diz-se de uma Apraxia de Fala. O caráter eminentemente funcional do problema leva ao questionamento, então, do que causaria tais sintomas. Apraxias têm manifestação no corpo e “corpo” é, por tradição e direito, objeto (exclusivo) do campo da Fisiologia e da Patologia – justifica-se, sem dúvida, a força da discursividade desses estudos sobre o tema que também opera no domínio da divisão filosófica mente/corpo - melhor entendido, da relação entre razão/cognição e corpo/organismo. É na esfera do dualismo corpo-mente que se inscreve (a)praxia. No entanto, quando o dualismo psicofísico (Jackson,1866/1932) é dissolvido por Freud (1891), outra concepção de corpo deve vir a figurar nos estudos sobre as apraxias. Trata-se do corpo que é Um, aquele que nasce com o ser de linguagem, o falasser, o corpolinguagem (LACAN, 1985, 1998). O fenômeno apráxico coloca em relevo a relação entre corpo e linguagem. Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão teórica que parte da definição psicoanalítica de corpo.

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BODEA-HAȚEGAN, Carolina. "Apraxia and autism spectrum disorder ASD." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare VIII, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2022.8.2.10.

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This article, Apraxia and autism spectrum disorder focuses on detailing apraxia symptomatology with the main elements of this pathology. In the first part of the article terminology is approached, distinguishing between apraxia and dyspraxia. In the second part of the article the main symptomatology apraxia features are discussed and afterward they are put in relation with the ASD. In order to be able to identify the best way to approach apraxia in ASD context three research questions are raised: In what degree does the combination between ASD and apraxia slow down speech and language development? Which are the most frequent speech and language difficulties and causes which lead to the association of ASD with apraxia? Which are the most efficient intervention programs in the context of ASD associated with apraxia? To these three research questions answers are found by a deep and thorough theoretical investigation of the main studies and research in this field, results being discussed from the point of view of the way speech and language therapy field in Romania can approach apraxia in ASD contex.

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26

Kobayakawa, Mutsutaka, and Yoshitaka Ohigashi. "Retrieval by a Patient with Apraxia of Sensorimotor Information from Visually Presented Objects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (June 2007): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.739-748.

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Motor representations are reported to be implicitly evoked when one observes manipulatable objects (action potentiation). The relationship was examined between action potentiation and pantomime deficit in apraxia. Participants responded to line drawings of manipulatable objects with either the left or right hand, according to the color of the stimulus. In normal participants ( N = 10, four women, six men, M age = 28.5 yr., SD=5.6), responses were faster when the orientation of the stimulus was compatible with the response-hand grasp. However, the apraxic patient did not exhibit this compatibility effect. On a control task in which a nonobject (circle) was presented, all participants exhibited the compatibility effect. These results indicated that the apraxic patient was impaired in evoking motor representation associated with objects. Thus, in some cases, apraxic disorders may be attributable to a deficit in retrieving object-specific information for manipulation.

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27

Ghedina, Roberta, Patricia Martín-Casas, José Félix-Mozo, and Rocío Polanco-Fernández. "Actualización y aproximación clínica a los modelos teóricos de la apraxia de extremidades." Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurologia 30, no. 3 (January 13, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46997/revecuatneurol30300059.

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La apraxia es una alteración frecuente en las personas que han sufrido un ictus en el hemisferio izquierdo, con importantes repercusiones sobre su calidad de vida. Aunque se han propuesto varios modelos para su interpretación y abordaje, algunos aspectos están aún en estudio. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los modelos actuales sobre la apraxia de extremidades, analizar las pruebas de evaluación disponibles y realizar recomendaciones para la práctica clínica. En la revisión se pone de manifiesto que en la literatura existe un mayor interés en el sistema conceptual de la ruta léxico-semántica, sin que haya sido desarrollado en detalle el sistema conceptual de la ruta visuomotora. En este artículo se propone un modelo de las apraxias que supera estas limitaciones y se describe un método de valoración centrado en el conocimiento del cuerpo en la ruta visuomotora. Finalmente se concluye que son necesarios más estudios que validen experimentalmente el modelo propuesto y los métodos de evaluación asociados.

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Toğram, Bülent. "How Do Families of Children with Down Syndrome Perceive Speech Intelligibility in Turkey?" BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/707134.

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Childhood verbal apraxia has not been identified or treated sufficiently in children with Down syndrome but recent research has documented that symptoms of childhood verbal apraxia can be found in children with Down syndrome. But, it is not routinely diagnosed in this population. There is neither an assessment tool in Turkish nor any research on childhood verbal apraxia although there is a demand not only for children with Down syndrome but also for normally developing children. The study examined if it was possible to determine oral-motor difficulties and childhood verbal apraxia features in children with Down syndrome through a survey. The survey was a parental report measure. There were 329 surveys received. Results indicated that only 5.6% of children with Down syndrome were diagnosed with apraxia, even though many of the subject children displayed clinical features of childhood verbal apraxia. The most frequently reported symptoms of childhood verbal apraxia in literature were displayed by the children with Down syndrome in the study. Parents could identify childhood verbal apraxia symptoms using parent survey. This finding suggests that the survey can be developed that could serve as a screening tool for a possible childhood verbal apraxia diagnosis in Turkey.

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29

Mantovani-Nagaoka, Joana, and Karin Zazo Ortiz. "Reviewing the limb apraxia concept: From definition to cognitive neuropsychological models." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 3 (September 2010): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40300004.

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Abstract Apraxia is a disorder of learned skilled movements, in the absence of elementary motor or sensory deficits and general cognitive impairment such as inattention to commands, object-recognition deficits or poor oral comprehension. The first studies on apraxia were performed between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, however controversy remains in praxis literature concerning apraxia types, neuroanatomical and functional correlates, as well as assessment and treatment of apraxia. Thus, a critical review of the literature was conducted searching the literature for evidence contributing to a more detailed description of apraxia and its clinical patterns, physiopathology and clinico-anatomical correlations, as well as apraxia assessment.

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30

Dogil, Grzegorz, and Jörg Mayer. "Selective phonological impairment: a case of apraxia of speech." Phonology 15, no. 2 (December 1998): 143–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267579800356x.

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The present study proposes a new interpretation of the underlying distortion in APRAXIA OF SPEECH. Apraxia of speech, in its pure form, is the only neurolinguistic syndrome for which it can be argued that phonological structure is selectively distorted.Apraxia of speech is a nosological entity in its own right which co-occurs with aphasia only occasionally. This…conviction rests on detailed descriptions of patients who have a severe and lasting disorder of speech production in the absence of any significant impairment of speech comprehension, reading or writing as well as of any significant paralysis or weakness of the speech musculature.(Lebrun 1990: 380)Based on the experimental investigation of poorly coarticulated speech of patients from two divergent languages (German and Xhosa) it is argued that apraxia of speech has to be seen as a defective implementation of phonological representations at the phonology–phonetics interface. We contend that phonological structure exhibits neither a homogeneously auditory pattern nor a motor pattern, but a complex encoding of sequences of speech sounds. Specifically, it is maintained that speech is encoded in the brain as a sequence of distinctive feature configurations. These configurations are specified with differing degrees of detail depending on the role the speech segments they underlie play in the phonological structure of a language. The transfer between phonological and phonetic representation encodes speech sounds as a sequence of vocal tract configurations. Like the distinctive feature representation, these configurations may be more or less specified. We argue that the severe and lasting disorders in speech production observed in apraxia of speech are caused by the distortion of this transfer between phonological and phonetic representation. The characteristic production deficits of apraxic patients are explained in terms of overspecification of phonetic representations.

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31

Neiman, Michael R., Robert J. Duffy, Steven A. Belanger, and Carl A. Coelho. "Concurrent Validity of the Kaufman Hand Movement Test as a Measure of Limb Apraxia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3 (December 1994): 1279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3.1279.

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The concurrent validity of the Kaufman Hand Movement Test as a measure of limb apraxia was investigated. For 23 adult aphasic subjects, a Pearson r of 0.84 was obtained between scores on this test and on the Limb Apraxia Test, a battery of tasks often used in the assessment of limb apraxia. The Kaufman test is a shorter and simpler test to administer than the Limb Apraxia Test. The concurrent validity of the Kaufman test encourages its use in the assessment of limb apraxia.

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32

Ballard, R. Scott, and Alan Stoudemire. "Factitious Apraxia." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 22, no. 3 (September 1992): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9hk8-c888-5a6n-qufk.

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A case is described in which a patient had pseudoneurological symptoms that were present only upon direct observation or when the patient was in clinical test situations. The differential diagnosis of apraxia is discussed as well as clinical suggestions for evaluating patients with suspected factitious apraxia.

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33

Ochipa, C., L. J. Rothi, and K. M. Heilman. "Conduction apraxia." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 57, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.57.10.1241.

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34

Strand, Edythe. "Appraising Apraxia." ASHA Leader 22, no. 3 (March 2017): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr2.22032017.50.

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35

DeRenzi, E. "Ideational apraxia." Neurocase 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 19a—24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/1.1.19-a.

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36

Watson, R. T. "Callosal apraxia." Neurocase 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 19g—24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/1.1.19-g.

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37

Graff-Radford, M. R. "Callosal apraxia." Neurocase 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 19i—24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/1.1.19-i.

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38

DE RENZI, E., and F. LUCCHELLI. "IDEATIONAL APRAXIA." Brain 111, no. 5 (1988): 1173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/111.5.1173.

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39

Binkofski, F., E. Kunesch, J. Classen, R. J. Seitz, and H. J. Freund. "Tactile apraxia." Brain 124, no. 1 (January 2001): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.1.132.

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40

Ochipa, Cynthia, and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. "Limb Apraxia." Seminars in Neurology 20, no. 04 (2000): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-13180.

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41

Etcharry-Bouyx, F., D. Le Gall, C. Jarry, and F. Osiurak. "Gestural apraxia." Revue Neurologique 173, no. 7-8 (July 2017): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.005.

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42

Cubelli, Roberto. "Definition: Apraxia." Cortex 93 (August 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.03.012.

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43

Cubelli, Roberto, and Sergio Della Sala. "Constructional Apraxia." Cortex 104 (July 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.02.015.

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44

Graff-Radford, N. R., K. Welsh, and J. Godersky. "Callosal apraxia." Neurology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.37.1.100.

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45

Hollingsworth, Amber L., Ann Marie Cimino-Knight, and Leslie J. Gonzalez-Rothi. "Limb Apraxia." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 12, no. 1 (April 2002): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld12.1.20.

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46

Dale, Marian L., Carolin Curtze, and John G. Nutt. "Apraxia of gait- or apraxia of postural transitions?" Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 50 (May 2018): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.024.

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47

Raymer, Anastasia M., Beth McHose, and Kimberly Graham. "Gestural Facilitation in Treatment of Apraxia of Speech." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 20, no. 3 (October 2010): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld20.3.94.

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Purpose: Luria (1970) proposed the use of intersystemic reorganization to use an intact system to facilitate improvements in a damaged cognitive system. In this article, we review literature examining the effects of gesture as a modality to promote reorganization to improve verbal production in apraxia of speech and anomia. Methods: A gestural facilitation training paradigm is described and results of a recent systematic review of apraxia of speech treatment are reviewed. The interplay between apraxia of speech and anomia are considered in response to gestural facilitation training. Results & Conclusions: Gestural facilitation effects are strongest in individuals with moderate apraxia of speech. Several factors appear to mitigate the effects of gestural facilitation for verbal production, including severe apraxia of speech and semantic anomia. Severe limb apraxia, which often accompanies severe apraxia of speech, appears to be amenable to gestural treatment, providing improvements in gesture use for communication when verbal production gains are not evident.

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48

Robin, Donald A., Carolyn Bean, and John W. Folkins. "Lip Movement in Apraxia of Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 3 (September 1989): 512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3203.512.

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Peak articulatory velocity of the lower lip and temporal coordination between the upper and lower lips were studied in 5 neurologically impaired subjects with speech behaviors consistent with a diagnosis of apraxia of speech. Differences in velocity and the timing between the movement onset of the two lips were compared for accurate and inaccurate productions of words. Peak articulatory velocity also was measured during the production of the syllable [pæ] and during a nonverbal movement. There were no systematic differences across accurate and inaccurate productions of words in peak articulatory velocity or movement onsets of the two lips. Furthermore, there were no systematic changes in movement velocity related to speech rate. We conclude that some apraxic speakers do not have a defect in the ability to produce high movement velocities.

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Ahmed, Md Shahoriar, Nure Naznin, and Md Jahangir Alam. "Adaptation of Apraxia Battery for Assessing the Patient with Apraxia." Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences 3, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/jmrhs.v3i10.263.

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Background: Speech and Language Therapy is an established profession in many countries of the world but still very new in Bangladesh. There is no culturally appropriate adult assessment tool for assessing patient with Apraxia in Bangladesh and has no alternative tool in own language to assess and diagnose patient with apraxia. Objectives: The aim of the study was cultural adaptation of Apraxia Battery for assessing the patient with Apraxia. Methodology: A total of nineteen people diagnosed with apraxia of speech, within the age from 37 to 80 years, participated in this study. The investigator was used quantitative (item analysis, validity determination and reliability determination) and qualitative (observation and focus group discussion) method for the adaptation procedure. After observation and focus group discussion the investigator received concern from the panel of expert for conducting the pilot study. After find out the pilot study result the investigator conducted test and retest. The result was discussed changing forward translation, changing pilot study and test retest findings. The pilot study was examined in a sample of eight apraxia patients. The interval between five days the test and retest reliability was examined in a sample of eleven apraxia patients. Using the Cronbach’s alpha, examined the internal consistency and intra-class correlation for test retest reliability. Results: After modification of ABA-2 tool, the pilot study showed that the ABA-2 tool was in culturally appropriate in Bangladesh for apraxia patient. The test reliability for Diadochokinetic Rate, Increasing word length (Part A), Increasing word length (Part B), Limb Apraxia, Oral Apraxia, Latency Time for polysyllabic word, Utterance Time for polysyllabic word and Repeated Trials sub-tests appear to be satisfactory as researchers claim that Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging between .8143 and 0.9006 indicate good to excellent reliability. And the retest reliability for these subtests Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging between 0.7898 and 0.9095 indicate acceptable to excellent reliability. The intra-class consistency for all subtest of the test and retest was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha =0.9478 to 0.9917). Conclusion: This study suggests that valid assessment of apraxia patient using the ABA-2 assessment tool. The modified ABA-2 assessment tool is feasible for assessing the patient with apraxia in content of Bangladesh. The test retest result also showed that the ABA-2 assessment tool was reliable in culturally. ABA-2 is reliable and valid instrument for evaluating the patients with apraxia. This assessment tools also help Speech and Language Therapists to assess and diagnose the patient with apraxia.

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Abou Zeid, Nuhad E., Brian G. Weinshenker, and B. Mark Keegan. "Gait Apraxia in Multiple Sclerosis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 36, no. 5 (September 2009): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100008040.

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Background:Gait apraxia is a gait disorder not attributable to motor, cerebellar, or sensory dysfunction. Gait impairment is common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but is mostly attributed to spasticity and ataxia. Impairment ratings scales are designed accordingly and do not separately evaluate apraxia.Objective:To describe 15 patients with gait apraxia resulting from MS as their major functional impairment.Methods:The Mayo Clinic database (1994-2007) was searched for the terms MS and gait apraxia. Inclusion criteria: Definite MS, significant gait apraxia. Exclusion criteria: alternative disorder causing apraxia, predominantly spastic/ataxic gait disorder.Results:9 (60%) of the patients were women, and 12 (80%) had a progressive MS course. Gait apraxia was evident at a median of 8 years (range 0-34) following MS onset. Median EDSS at recognition of gait apraxia was 6.5 (range 5-8). Cognitive dysfunction was present in 11 (73%) and neurogenic bladder dysfunction in 14 (93%). The commonest MRI findings were confluent periventricular T2 lesions, T1 hypointensity and generalized cerebral atrophy with symmetrical ex vacuo ventricular enlargement.Conclusion:Gait apraxia can cause significant functional impairment in MS patients, and may be underrecognized. The natural course of the neurological deficit in such patients is unknown, and may differ from that of MS patients with other ambulatory disabilities.

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