Дисертації з теми "Apprentissage de site"
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Bousbia, Salah Ben Hédi. "Proposition d'une architecture logique d'un système de pilotage hétérarchique évolutif par apprentissage." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f4f6c179-dce7-4067-b5bf-86303e5ced21.
Повний текст джерелаWe are interested in this study in the performances’ continuous improvement of the Production Systems of Goods and Services (PSGS) which organization and structure of control have significantly evolved these last years. In this work, we propose a systemic modelling of the PSGS. In addition, we propose an original approach of control based on a total distribution of the decision-making capacities on the various entities which compose the system. This local decision-making is based on a set of strategies which takes into account the real state of the system. Moreover, capacities of learning are integrated in the control system. The learning’s mechanisms consist on an evaluation a posteriori of the performances realized by the last entities which leave the system in order to determine the best strategy to adopt for the entering ones. The results obtained through a simulation using a discret-event showed the interest of our approach
Gacquer, David. "Sur l'utilisation active de la diversité dans la construction d'ensembles classifieurs : application à la détection de fumées nocives sur site industriel." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2a04cf89-c324-43d6-a36b-052aa232f813.
Повний текст джерелаDiscussions about the influence of diversity when designing Multiple Classifier Systems is an active topic in Machine Learning. One possible way of considering the design of Multiple Classifier Systems is to select the ensemble members from a large pool of classifiers focusing on predefined criteria, which is known as the Overproduce and Choose paradigm. The objective of this PhD Thesis is to study the trade-off between accuracy and diversity which exists in multiple classifier systems. We review some well known Machine Learning algorithms and ensemble learning techniques from the literature and we present in details the concept of diversity and the way it is used by certain ensemble learning algorithms. We propose a genetic heuristic to design multiple classifier systems by controlling the trade-off between diversity and accuracy when selecting individual classifiers. We compare the proposed genetic selection with several heuristics described in the literature to build multiple classifier systems under the Overproduce and Choose paradigm. The application of our research work concerns the development of a supervised classification system to control atmospheric pollution around industrial complexes. This system is based on the analysis of visual scenes recorded by cameras and aims at detecting dangerous smoke trails rejected by steelworks or chemical factories
Battesti, Marine. "Transmission sociale d’un choix de site de ponte au sein de groupes de Drosophiles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112174/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding how the process of non-genetic transmission as social transmission influence species behavioral evolution is an important issue in evolutionary biology. This thesis seeks to understand the diffusion mechanisms and information maintenance within a group studying social transmission of a choice of oviposition in Drosophila melanogaster. The first part of this thesis show social transmission occurrence of oviposition choice between informed demonstrator and naive observer females and try to determine social learning processes underlying. Social information transfer of oviposition choice occurs through direct interactions between demonstrators and observers. Analysis of these interactions by a video tracking method reveals a bidirectional information transfer: the more observers and demonstrators interact, the more observers gain oviposition choice behavior and the more demonstrators lose it. Personal information acquisition of oviposition choice by demonstrators is not sufficient to induce its transmission to observers, observers social learning seems to require special conditions. The second part of this thesis analyzes how social context influence social information use and how an individual realizes the balance between social and personal information use. The influence of group composition on social transmission efficiency is studied through different parameters such as the ratio between demonstrators and observers, group size, and the presence of genetic variability within the group. Flies show a “copy the majority” social learning strategy in their oviposition site choice behavior. Females acquire social information matching with their innate preference in presence of two contradictory social information. Group size does not affect the social transmission but perturbs demonstrator’s use of personal information. Genetic variability within the group stems from foraging gene polymorphism shows differences of social learning strategy between allelic variants. This thesis highlights a social learning use fully integrated into individuals’ decision-making and brings new elements on behavioral adaptation mechanisms based on social transmission processes
Prémaillon, Mélody. "Hiérarchisation des facteurs d'érosion des falaises côtières du site au globe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30317/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD is to understand factors controlling sea cliff erosion at both local scale, based on Socoa cliff (Basque country) and at global scale. The specificity of Socoa's flysch cliff is its strong structural control. A 6 year photogrammetric study from annual records was conducted. This resistant cliff erodes slowly at 3.4 mm/yr and rockfalls occur mostly at cliff edge. A database called GlobR2C2 (Global Recession Rates of Coastal Cliffs) was set up. It is the first one to compile erosion rate data extracted from literature and to compare it to marine and continental forcing, extracted from worldwide grids and reanalyses. It was statistically analysed through exploratory analysis and random forest. At global scale, rock resistance appears to be the primary factor controlling cliff erosion. Second orders factors are the number of frost day per year and the average tidal range
Gressier, Alain. "Réseaux d'émergence d'une construction de communautés de pratique : impacts d'une formation de la mise en oeuvre." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8e7b6aa1-b9b8-4728-a557-630573491e43.
Повний текст джерелаCao, Xiao-Bin. "Contribution à l'élaboration de systèmes d'aide à la conception à base de connaissance ayant des facultés d'apprentissage : application à la confection." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ce40e354-4118-4819-b081-fdc4e0093c08.
Повний текст джерелаArmand, Stéphane. "Analyse quantifiée de la marche : extraction de connaissances à partir de données pour l'aide à l'interprétation clinique de la marche digitigrade." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6cfbb62f-d5e4-4bd3-b7b3-96618bf3ceea.
Повний текст джерелаClinical Gait Analysis (CGA) is used to identify and quantify gait deviations from biomechanical data. Interpreting CGA, which provides the explanations for the identified gait deviations, is a complex task. Toe-walking is one of the most common gait deviations, and identifying its causes is difficult. This research had for objective to provide a support tool for interpreting toe-walker CGAs. To reach this objective, a Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) method combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning is used to extract objectively intrinsic and discriminant knowledge from CGA data. The unsupervised learning (fuzzy c-means) allowed three toe-walking patterns to be identified from ankle kinematics extracted from a database of more than 2500 CGA (Institut Saint-Pierre, Palavas, 34). The supervised learning was employed to explain these three gait patterns through clinical measurement using induced rules from fuzzy decision trees. The most significant and interpretable rules (12) were selected to create a knowledge base that has been validated in terms of the literature and experts. These rules can be used to facilitate the interpretation of toe-walker CGA data. This research opens several prospective paths of investigation, ranging from the development of a generic method based on the proposed method for studying movement to the creation of a pathologic gait simulator
Hadj-Mabrouk, Habib. "Apprentissage automatique et acquisition des connaissances : deux approches complementaires pour les systèmes à base de connaissances : application au système Acasya d'aide à la certification des systèmes de transport automatisés." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/baee7687-792f-4762-b86e-586d4cbd0596.
Повний текст джерелаMejri, Lassaâd. "Une démarche basée sur l'apprentissage automatique pour l'aide a l'évaluation et à la génération de scenarios d'accidents : application à l'analyse de sécurité des systèmes de transport automatisés." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/25d8a55d-404e-4c70-9361-b6f2a051d706.
Повний текст джерелаUseille, Philippe. "Une approche informationnelle du document : Vers l'émergence du sens formatif." Valenciennes, 2007. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1ff65526-74cd-45e2-a134-2fc2b081e564.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the possibilities of educational ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) is of primary importance not only for learners but also for researchers interested in blended-learning. It is, however, difficult to establish direct causal links between ICT use and knowledge construction. This work thus seeks to determine the conditions by which a blended ICT mode generates “sense-making” in the knowledge construction process. The present work addresses this issue by studying 12 semi-guided interviews in using a novel mode of formative evaluation, called DIGOR, for French as a Foreign Language. It is argued that formative evaluation includes a decisive informational process that has an effect on learning, and therefore on knowledge construction. This key point is presented in a new conceptual framework of the learning process. Our approach leads us to apply a theory-driven model to encapsulate the blended ICT processes step-by-step as an emerging and personal “Document” based on the learner’s point of view. In addition, the conceptual framework enables us to look into the specific relations between different dimensions involved in the learning process, and to collect relevant data in a systematic way. In this way, it helps us to see whether learning and evaluation in an ICT context contribute to the learner’s sense-making process
Sochacki, Stéphane. "De la combinaison/compétition de classifieurs vers la sélection dynamique d'opérateurs de traitement d'image." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7a942260-2262-43e4-b4a4-8873726dde8b.
Повний текст джерелаTechnology evolutions bring multimedia and huge heterogeneous databases (texts, images, sounds, video etc. ) development. Nevertheless, this evolution amplified the need of automatic processing solutions. Whereas many years of research resulted in more and more powerful operators development, their interoperability and sometimes their tuning remain supported by the expert. This limit harms the specialized multi‐media and consumer systems development. This research work is divided in three main parts. The automatic processing chain management, from preprocessing to decision, leads a reverse looped system to be build. Each stage needs the conception of information relative to the quality or the accuracy of the done action, and information indicating the relevance of this action according to the desired goal as well. This first part is based on the Theory of Evidence. An intermediate validation phase will be achieved on classes of attributes computing and classification operators. Patrimonial documents, and by extension multimedia databases, intrinsic variability introduce the choice trouble of a unique operators sequence. In order to dynamically decide the best chain for the input document, allowing to reach the desired goal, the system would have to put in competition the different operators from a same class. This second part exploits accuracy/relevance previously proposed. An intermediate validation about graphical primitives description attributes and hierarchical classifiers management will be used. As classification is based on a set of data, the attributes, the processing chain will have to manipulate operators like texture or shape analysis. But for their integration, we need to know the accuracy by usefulness and information preservation. This will be the third main step, via a shape descriptors attributes study. The progress of this thesis work will help to develop this different points within a complete processing chain. All those development will be integrated in an application dedicated to the analysis and valorization of patrimonial documents. Intermediate validation elements will be developed to evaluate the quality and the stability of all proposed solutions. This thesis work comes next to D. Arrivault's between the XLIM‐SIC laboratory and the RC‐Soft company and comes within works which results are exploited in the Interactive Documentary Environments to which the two entities participated
Gacquer, David. "Sur l'utilisation active de la diversité dans la construction d'ensembles de classifieurs. Application à la détection de fumées nocives sur site industriel." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392616.
Повний текст джерелаUne manière particulière de construire un ensemble de classifieurs consiste à sélectionner individuellement les membres de l'ensemble à partir d'un pool de classifieurs en se basant sur des critères prédéfinis.
La littérature fait référence à cette méthode sous le terme de paradigme Surproduction et Sélection, également appelé élagage d'ensemble de classifieurs.
Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont pour objectif d'étudier le compromis entre la précision et la diversité existant dans les ensembles de classifieurs. Nous apportons également certains éléments de réponse sur le comportement insaisissable de la diversité lorsqu'elle est utilisée de manière explicite lors de la construction d'un ensemble de classifieurs.
Nous commençons par étudier différents algorithmes d'apprentissage de la littérature. Nous présentons également les algorithmes ensemblistes les plus fréquemment utilisés. Nous définissons ensuite le concept de diversité dans les ensembles de classifieurs ainsi que les différentes méthodes permettant de l'utiliser directement lors de la création de l'ensemble.
Nous proposons un algorithme génétique permettant de construire un ensemble de classifieurs en contrôlant le compromis entre précision et diversité lors de la sélection des membres de l'ensemble. Nous comparons notre algorithme avec différentes heuristiques de sélection proposées dans la littérature pour construire un ensemble de classifieurs selon le paradigme Surproduction et Sélection.
Les différentes conclusions que nous tirons des résultats obtenus pour différents jeux de données de l'UCI Repository nous conduisent à la proposition de conditions spécifiques pour lesquelles l'utilisation de la diversité peut amener à une amélioration des performances de l'ensemble de classifieurs. Nous montrons également que l'efficacité de l'approche Surproduction et Sélection repose en grande partie sur la stabilité inhérente au problème posé.
Nous appliquons finalement nos travaux de recherche au développement d'un système de classification supervisée pour le contrôle de la pollution atmosphérique survenant sur des sites industriels. Ce système est basé sur l'analyse par traitement d'image de scènes à risque enregistrées à l'aide de caméras. Son principal objectif principal est de détecter les rejets de fumées dangereux émis par des usines sidérurgiques et pétro-chimiques.
Lurette, Christophe. "Développement d'une technique neuronale auto-adaptative pour la classification dynamique de données évolutives : application à la supervision d'une presse hydraulique." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/aed48e38-323f-425b-b6ff-c8e75ff5d4b6.
Повний текст джерелаDupas, Rémy. "Apport des méthodes d'apprentissage symbolique automatique pour l'aide à la maintenance industrielle." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7ab53b01-cdfb-4932-ba60-cb5332e3925a.
Повний текст джерелаLeroyer, Mathieu. "Palethnologie acheuléenne : de la technologie bifaciale à l'organisation de la subsistance collective : étude du site de Boxgrove - Eartham Pit (West Sussex, Angleterre) et de deux sites du cours moyen de la Seine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H016.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis offers a chaînes opératoires study of acheulean handaxes (600 to 280 Ky BP). Based on Boxgrove site (England), it tries to establish a better understanding of cognitive and behavioural processes induced by this technic. For this purpose, it follows a “palethnological” methodological and interpretative program helping to enhance the studies of technical facts up to social inferences. The thesis is divided into three parts :1) The bibliographical analysis confront available datas (archeological, environmental, etc) with the current interpretations. While attesting the richness of previous studies, it calls for a reasonable and well-argumented transgression of both strictly utilitarian or symbolical interpretations. The challenges underpinning an application of the “palethnological approach” to the Lower palaeolithic, the possible solutions and a methodology are precised. 2) The second part offers an application based on numerous occupations at Boxgrove site. Chaine opératoire study reveals an exigent technocultural norm. Its implications on tool use and individuals skill variations are detailed. The opportunity to confront knappers of different skill levels between different behavioural context (kill-site, aggregation context), combined with other evidences (faunal remains, geomorphology), provides an angle to site’s interpretation. Conversely, a socio-economical interpretation of handaxes is proposed. 3) Comparing these results to other sites (Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf, Saint-Illiers-la-Ville), allows to balance the behavioural rigidity seen at Boxgrove, through space and more crucially through time, and to consider the logic of a tradition ending
Khokhar, Muhammad Jawad. "Modélisation de la qualité d'expérience de la vidéo streaming dans l'internet par expérimentation contrôlée et apprentissage machine." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4067.
Повний текст джерелаVideo streaming is the dominant contributor of today's Internet traffic. Consequently, estimating Quality of Experience (QoE) for video streaming is of paramount importance for network operators. The QoE of video streaming is directly dependent on the network conditions (e.g., bandwidth, delay, packet loss rate) referred to as the network Quality of Service (QoS). This inherent relationship between the QoS and the QoE motivates the use of supervised Machine Learning (ML) to build models that map the network QoS to the video QoE. In most ML works on QoE modeling, the training data is usually gathered in the wild by crowdsourcing or generated inside the service provider networks. However, such data is not easily accessible to the general research community. Consequently, the training data if not available beforehand, needs to be built up by controlled experimentation. Here, the target application is run under emulated network environments to build models that predict video QoE from network QoS. The network QoS can be actively measured outside the data plane of the application (outband), or measured passively from the video traffic (inband). These two distinct types of QoS correspond to the use cases of QoE forecasting (from end user devices) and QoE monitoring (from within the networks). In this thesis, we consider the challenges associated with network QoS-QoE modeling, which are 1) the large training cost of QoE modeling by controlled experimentation, and 2) the accurate prediction of QoE considering the large diversity of video contents and the encryption deployed by today's content providers. Firstly, QoE modeling by controlled experimentation is challenging due to the high training cost involved as each experiment usually consumes some non-negligible time to complete and the experimental space to cover is large (power the number of QoS features). The conventional approach is to experiment with QoS samples uniformly sampled in the entire experimental space. However, uniform sampling can result in significant similarity in the output labels, which increases the training cost while not providing much gain in the model accuracy. To tackle this problem, we advocate the use of active learning to reduce the number of experiments while not impacting accuracy. We consider the case of YouTube QoE modeling and show that active sampling provides a significant gain over uniform sampling in terms of achieving higher modeling accuracy with fewer experiments. We further evaluate our approach with synthetic datasets and show that the gain is dependent on the complexity of the experimental space. Overall, we present a sampling approach that is general and can be used in any QoSQoE modeling scenario provided that the input QoS features are fully controllable. Secondly, accurate prediction of QoE of video streaming can be challenging as videos offered by today's content providers vary significantly from fast motion sports videos to static lectures. On top of that, today's video traffic is encrypted, which means that network operators have little visibility into the video traffic making QoE monitoring difficult. Considering these challenges, we devise models that aim at accurate forecasting and monitoring of video QoE. For the scenario of QoE forecasting, we build a QoE indicator called YouScore that quantifies the percentage of videos in the catalog of a content provider that may play out smoothly (without interruptions) for a given outband network QoS. For the QoE monitoring scenario, we estimate the QoE using the inband QoS features obtained from the encrypted video traffic. Overall, for both scenarios (forecasting and monitoring), we highlight the importance of using features that characterize the video content to improve the accuracy of QoE modeling
El, Kansouli Mohamed. "Contribution à la commande vocale d'une machine : Application au robot marcheur EMA4." Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/16a27432-2240-4452-8371-17d179e15a53.
Повний текст джерелаGers, Jean-Noël. "Mathématiques de proximité en formation d'adultes." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1afeac52-2140-47c3-92a3-fbb7856180d4.
Повний текст джерелаHorman, Judith. "Une exploration de l'interaction sociale en ligne lors de la réalisation d'activités d'apprentissage collaboratif dans deux espaces interactifs : un site internet et des wikis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22468/22468.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis qualitative research study explores online social interaction in the context of an undergraduate university course. Eight students were interviewed. Their testimonies were analysed from five criticals incidents : the difficulty to get peers’ collaboration ; the difficulty to understand expectations associated with the tasks to be performed ; the difficulty to co-construct a text while using a wiki (an Internet technology) ; the obligation to give a feedback on peers’ productions and the textual form of this feedback. The results are compared to a review of the literature according to three perspectives of online social interaction associated with collaborative learning tasks : 1) studies on obstacles to participation ; 2) studies on limits associated with computer mediated communication (CMC) ; studies on virtual teams performances. This study highlights the presence of relational stakes of reciprocity and trust among peers that could be increased by CMC. From the limits of the present study we suggest a few questions for futures investigations.
Murgue, Thierry. "Extraction de données et apprentissage automatique pour les sites web adaptatifs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366586.
Повний текст джерелаRafalimanana, Alohotsy. "Prédiction de la turbulence atmosphérique pour l'optimisation des liens optiques en télémétrie par laser et en télécommunications en espace libre." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4020.
Повний текст джерелаAccurate prediction of atmospheric and turbulence conditions are of interest for astronomical community and free space optical communications. The a priori knowledge of atmospheric conditions several hours before the observations allows to optimize the programmation of astronomical observations called "flexible scheduling". In the field of free space optical telecommunications, it can help to identify the optical ground station least impacted by turbulence and to identify when the optical quality of the atmosphere is favorable for transmission/reception. In this thesis, a numerical approach based on the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with different optical turbulence models has been used. Optimization of the prediction by a "site learning" method has been performed, considering the importance of using local measurements to improve the turbulence model and better take into account the local specificities of a given site. This method has been tested at the Calern Observatory site, France. The results showed that the "site learning" brings an improvement of the prediction. Sensitivity studies to different model options were developed to define a standard methodology to obtain an optimal WRF configuration. This technique has been applied to the Cerro Pachón Observatory site, in Chile. Still in this quest to take into account the specificities of a site, we have developed a new experiment consisting of an instrumented drone to improve the prediction in the planetary boundary layer. Results of a measurement campaign carried out at the Calern Observatory are presented
Mckim, Kerrie. "Sites Internet : approches par les tâches et apprentissage du lexique en langue étrangère." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL001.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation lies within the fields of Second Language Acquisition and Computer-Assisted Language Learning integrating a task-based learning approach while focusing on lexical acquisition. This study was developed following the observation that websites are frequently used in the foreign language class yet little research has been done to examine the impact that the use of l websites has on the students’ acquisition of the language. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the websites on lexical learning in the foreign language classroom. The participants in this study are university students enrolled in a conversational language class, Their language level range from advanced beginners to advanced intermediate learners. Websites are integrated into the course curriculum through the use of Blackboard (a course management system) and studied outside of class to prepare for in class communicative tasks. The study presents a description of the communicative tasks carried out by the students as well as the Internet websites used in the execution of the communicative tasks. Comparisons are then made between the language produced by the learners during the tasks and the lexical items present on the websites
Goix, Nicolas. "Apprentissage automatique et extrêmes pour la détection d'anomalies." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0072/document.
Повний текст джерелаAnomaly detection is not only a useful preprocessing step for training machine learning algorithms. It is also a crucial component of many real-world applications, from various fields like finance, insurance, telecommunication, computational biology, health or environmental sciences. Anomaly detection is also more and more relevant in the modern world, as an increasing number of autonomous systems need to be monitored and diagnosed. Important research areas in anomaly detection include the design of efficient algorithms and their theoretical study but also the evaluation of such algorithms, in particular when no labeled data is available -- as in lots of industrial setups. In other words, model design and study, and model selection. In this thesis, we focus on both of these aspects. We first propose a criterion for measuring the performance of any anomaly detection algorithm. Then we focus on extreme regions, which are of particular interest in anomaly detection, to obtain lower false alarm rates. Eventually, two heuristic methods are proposed, the first one to evaluate anomaly detection algorithms in the case of high dimensional data, the other to extend the use of random forests to the one-class setting
Al, Wohaib Mona. "Modélisation et formalisation de l'aspect et du temps verbal arabe et français : implémentation didactique vers le français sur Internet." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1011/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis is intended for francophones wishing to learn Arab, its lexicon, its syntax and its semantics. One of the main difficulties which the learner encounters as soon as he enters into contact with our language is the treatment of aspects and of tenses, bath locally and throughout the whole statement or text. The description of aspects and tenses requires us to make a general study of the verbal morphology of the grammatical structures of standard Arab. But we are also brought to work on the same structures in French which is the source language of the learners in order to make a comparative study of the two language-systems. The second face of this work is considerab1y more technical. We have insisted on the interfaces of the lessons that we present on Internet in order to show how they contribute in an active way to the understanding of the contents by the learners
Gustafsson, Erik. "Etude expérimentale ex et in situ de la sélection de plantes à propriétés thérapeutiques par les grands singes : influence de la physiologie, de l'écologie et de la structure sociale sur l'acquisition du comportement." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0016.
Повний текст джерелаMore and more studies suggest the existence of self-medicative behaviours in great apes. This thesis aimed to understand the factors influencing the discovery of potentially curative items and to evaluate the possibilities for social transmission of such knowledge. The experiments were carried out in zoos and in a sanctuary. They focused on responses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) towards various novel items. We measured the neophobia level, the influence of the items’ features presented as well as the influence of social interactions. The interspecific comparison allowed us to propose various hypotheses in relation to genetic, physiological, ecological and social factors on the different learning mechanisms concerned. Gorillas showed a high propensity to ingest the novel plants and they exhibited only few social interactions suggesting a low risk of individual sampling in this species. Their low cautiousness may be the result of their digestive physiology, adapted to a folivorous diet and able to detoxify the plants ingested. In contrast, chimpanzees were neophobic towards the novel plants but showed many social interactions. These results suggest a low capacity for innovation which could be compensate by a high propensity for social learning. Finally, orangutans were very curious towards the plants and their conspecifics when manipulating or consuming them. This behavioural flexibility could be the result of adaptations to unstable environment. All these observations paved the way for future researches especially in relation to genetic (influence of TAS2R38 gene playing a role in gustative sensitivity), physiology (effect of detoxification capacities), ecology (effect of fluctuation in food availability) and sociality (influence of social tolerance)
Ezzeddine, Diala. "A contribution to topological learning and its application in Social Networks." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22011/document.
Повний текст джерелаSupervised Learning is a popular field of Machine Learning that has made recent progress. In particular, many methods and procedures have been developed to solve the classification problem. Most classical methods in Supervised Learning use the density estimation of data to construct their classifiers.In this dissertation, we show that the topology of data can be a good alternative in constructing classifiers. We propose using topological graphs like Gabriel graphs (GG) and Relative Neighborhood Graphs (RNG) that can build the topology of data based on its neighborhood structure. To apply this concept, we create a new method called Random Neighborhood Classification (RNC).In this method, we use topological graphs to construct classifiers and then apply Ensemble Methods (EM) to get all relevant information from the data. EM is well known in Machine Learning, generates many classifiers from data and then aggregates these classifiers into one. Aggregate classifiers have been shown to be very efficient in many studies, because it leverages relevant and effective information from each generated classifier. We first compare RNC to other known classification methods using data from the UCI Irvine repository. We find that RNC works very well compared to very efficient methods such as Random Forests and Support Vector Machines. Most of the time, it ranks in the top three methods in efficiency. This result has encouraged us to study the efficiency of RNC on real data like tweets. Twitter, a microblogging Social Network, is especially useful to mine opinion on current affairs and topics that span the range of human interest, including politics. Mining political opinion from Twitter poses peculiar challenges such as the versatility of the authors when they express their political view, that motivate this study. We define a new attribute, called couple, that will be very helpful in the process to study the tweets opinion. A couple is an author that talk about a politician. We propose a new procedure that focuses on identifying the opinion on tweet using couples. We think that focusing on the couples's opinion expressed by several tweets can overcome the problems of analysing each single tweet. This approach can be useful to avoid the versatility, language ambiguity and many other artifacts that are easy to understand for a human being but not automatically for a machine.We use classical Machine Learning techniques like KNN, Random Forests (RF) and also our method RNC. We proceed in two steps : First, we build a reference set of classified couples using Naive Bayes. We also apply a second alternative method to Naive method, sampling plan procedure, to compare and evaluate the results of Naive method. Second, we evaluate the performance of this approach using proximity measures in order to use RNC, RF and KNN. The expirements used are based on real data of tweets from the French presidential election in 2012. The results show that this approach works well and that RNC performs very good in order to classify opinion in tweets.Topological Learning seems to be very intersting field to study, in particular to address the classification problem. Many concepts to get informations from topological graphs need to analyse like the ones described by Aupetit, M. in his work (2005). Our work show that Topological Learning can be an effective way to perform classification problem
Rafrafi, Abdelhalim. "Classification de sentiments sur le Web2. 0." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066643.
Повний текст джерелаInternet becomes an essential media in everyday life : we use it to check thenews, to do our shopping, to shape our opinion, to share our feelings and experiencefeedbacks. This process generates a large amount of data on our personalities andlifestyles. With this amount of information we are quickly disarmed. "Looks like theoverload of information gives a sense of emptiness. " French quotation by Jean-PierreApril. Thus, some automated filtering and analyzing tools are required to make theinformation accessible to everybody. In this general context, our works focuses onsentiment analysis and on sentiment classification in particular. Classical algorithms for text categorization like SVM, NB, PLSA or LDA showseveral limitations for sentiment analysis. These limitations are related to the par-ticularity of the task : sentiment classification requires to take into account thestructure of the text (including negations for instance), the lexical field modeling isnot sufficient to understand the user messages. However, considering the text struc-ture requires some complex representations and/or algorithms that can hardly scaleup. We investigated many solutions to tackle those antagonist objectives simulta-neously. First we focused on regularized formulations adapted to sentiment classifi-cation to perform an efficient feature selection in N-grams space. Then, we exploredan orthogonal research axis : given a basic classifier, we simply increased the lear-ning set sizes using the web2. 0 as an infinite source of labeled data. Finally, we triedto combine the advantages from both solutions using an original neural network architecture
Lerman, Liran. "A machine learning approach for automatic and generic side-channel attacks." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209070.
Повний текст джерелаCette dissertation apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les capacités des méthodes d'apprentissage automatique. Nous démontrons d'abord que les attaques profilées paramétriques surpassent les méthodes d'apprentissage automatique lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'erreur d'estimation ni d'hypothèse. En revanche, les attaques fondées sur l'apprentissage automatique sont avantageuses dans des scénarios réalistes où le nombre de données lors de l'étape d'apprentissage est faible. Par la suite, nous proposons une nouvelle métrique formelle d'évaluation qui permet (1) de comparer des attaques paramétriques et non-paramétriques et (2) d'interpréter les résultats de chaque méthode. La nouvelle mesure fournit les causes d'un taux de réussite élevé ou faible d'une attaque et, par conséquent, donne des pistes pour améliorer l'évaluation d'une implantation. Enfin, nous présentons des résultats expérimentaux sur des appareils non protégés et protégés. La première étude montre que l'apprentissage automatique a un taux de réussite plus élevé qu'une méthode paramétrique lorsque seules quelques données sont disponibles. La deuxième expérience démontre qu'un dispositif protégé est attaquable avec une approche appartenant à l'apprentissage automatique. La stratégie basée sur l'apprentissage automatique nécessite le même nombre de données lors de la phase d'apprentissage que lorsque celle-ci attaque un produit non protégé. Nous montrons également que des méthodes paramétriques surestiment ou sous-estiment le niveau de sécurité fourni par l'appareil alors que l'approche basée sur l'apprentissage automatique améliore cette estimation.
En résumé, notre thèse est que les attaques basées sur l'apprentissage automatique sont avantageuses par rapport aux techniques classiques lorsque la quantité d'information a priori sur l'appareil cible et le nombre de données lors de la phase d'apprentissage sont faibles.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bellón, Molina Víctor. "Prédiction personalisée des effets secondaires indésirables de médicaments." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM023/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdverse drug reaction (ADR) is a serious concern that has important health and economical repercussions. Between 1.9%-2.3% of the hospitalized patients suffer from ADR, and the annual cost of ADR have been estimated to be of 400 million euros in Germany alone. Furthermore, ADRs can cause the withdrawal of a drug from the market, which can cause up to millions of dollars of losses to the pharmaceutical industry.Multiple studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the response of the patients to their treatment. This covers not only the response in terms of the intended main effect, but also % according toin terms of potential side effects. The complexity of predicting drug response suggests that machine learning could bring new tools and techniques for understanding ADR.In this doctoral thesis, we study different problems related to drug response prediction, based on the genetic characteristics of patients.We frame them through multitask machine learning frameworks, which combine all data available for related problems in order to solve them at the same time.We propose a novel model for multitask linear prediction that uses task descriptors to select relevant features and make predictions with better performance as state-of-the-art algorithms. Finally, we study strategies for increasing the stability of the selected features, in order to improve interpretability for biological applications
Brégère, Margaux. "Stochastic bandit algorithms for demand side management Simulating Tariff Impact in Electrical Energy Consumption Profiles with Conditional Variational Autoencoders Online Hierarchical Forecasting for Power Consumption Data Target Tracking for Contextual Bandits : Application to Demand Side Management." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM022.
Повний текст джерелаAs electricity is hard to store, the balance between production and consumption must be strictly maintained. With the integration of intermittent renewable energies into the production mix, the management of the balance becomes complex. At the same time, the deployment of smart meters suggests demand response. More precisely, sending signals - such as changes in the price of electricity - would encourage users to modulate their consumption according to the production of electricity. The algorithms used to choose these signals have to learn consumer reactions and, in the same time, to optimize them (exploration-exploration trade-off). Our approach is based on bandit theory and formalizes this sequential learning problem. We propose a first algorithm to control the electrical demand of a homogeneous population of consumers and offer T⅔ upper bound on its regret. Experiments on a real data set in which price incentives were offered illustrate these theoretical results. As a “full information” dataset is required to test bandit algorithms, a consumption data generator based on variational autoencoders is built. In order to drop the assumption of the population homogeneity, we propose an approach to cluster households according to their consumption profile. These different works are finally combined to propose and test a bandit algorithm for personalized demand side management
Forest, Jean-Paul. "Modélisation et détection automatique de sites de décalage de cadre en -1 dans les génomes eucaryotes." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112208.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the bioinformatics study of the modelling of -1 frameshift, a biological phenomenon that occurs during the translation of messenger rnas into proteins. It happens on specific subsequences. The consensus model consists in two main elements: a slippery sequence and a secondary structure. We first aim to make the features of the model more accurate. We show the important influence of the primary sequence of one component of the model called the spacer. We then construct new sites thanks to a machine learning method. Their efficiency is then measured in vivo by our collaborators. We thus yield 13 new frameshift sites that are mutants of known sites. In a second part, we look for frameshift sites in complete eukaryotic genomes. We design an algorithm called orpheo which searches for the slippery sequence with a finite-state automaton and for the secondary structure by folding arn sequences. These two steps yield candidates in whole genomes. These candidates are then ordered using machine learning. The efficiency of the best candidates is then experimentally measured. We found 2 new frameshift sites on the s. Cerevisiae genome
Marchal, Bruno. "La médiation informationnelle au travers de plateformes de réseaux sociaux : l'application de Facebook lors de l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère en Thaïlande." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR116/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this research concerns the interactive and reticulated pattern platforms that now populate our daily lives, and which first appear to us in the form of technical objects, but whose uses build social representations. We studied Informational mediations developed there by focusing on French in the context of its Thai students at the University, since French is a language deemed difficult, unrelated and distant. A double quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted in part with the NVivo software allowed us to update the fact that, in certain aspects and in certain environments, a digital social network like Facebook could facilitate informal apprenticeship participating in an economy of knowledge. We have identified specific uses and practices that are not those of a distance education platform designed as such. Thus, a certain creativity would be exercised in the construction of scripted audio-visual documents on mediating and multiplatform technical operational systems where the autonomy of the user would be culturally and socially situated according to identities, group memberships, perceptions, habits and other factors that structure its relationship to the world and will condition its desire, its manner and its practical ability to appropriate elements of language learning
Nguyen, Dang Tuan. "Extraction d'information à partir de documents Web multilingues : une approche d'analyses structurelles." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2023.
Повний текст джерелаMultilingual Web Document (MWD) processing has become one of the major interests of research and development in the area of information retrieval. Therefore, we observed that the structure of the multilingual resources has not been enough explored in most of the research works in this area. We consider that links structure embed crucial information for both hyperdocument retrieving and mining process. Discarding the multilingual information structures could affect the processing performance and generate various problems : i)°Redundancy : if the site proposes simultaneously translations in several languages, ii)° Noisy information: by using labels to shift from language to another, iii)° Loosing information: if the process does not consider the structure specificity of each language. In this context, we wonder to remind that each Web site is considered as a hyper-document that contains a set of Web documents (pages, screen, messages) which can be explored through the links paths. Therefore, detecting the dominant languages, in a Web Site, could be done in a different ways. The framework of this experimental research thesis is structures analysis for information extraction from a great number of heterogeneous structured or semi-structured electronic documents (essentially the Web document). It covers the following aspects : Enumerating the dominants languages, Setting-up (virtual) frontiers between those languages, enabling further processing, Recognizing the dominants languages. To experiment and validate our aim we have developed Hyperling which is a formal, language independent, system dealing with Web Documents. Hyperling proposes a Multilingual Structural Analysis approach to cluster and retrieve Web Document. Hyperling’s fundamental hypothesis is based on the notion of relation-density : The Monolingual relation density: i. E. Links between Web Documents written in the same language, The Interlingual relation density: i. E. Links between Web Documents written in different languages. In a Web document representation we can encounter a high level of monolingual relation density and low level of inter-lingual relation density. Therefore, we can consider a MWD to be represented by a set of clusters. Regarding the density level of each cluster, it may represent a dominant language. This hypothesis has been the core of Hyperling and has been experimented and approved on a real multilingual web documents (IMF, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, WTO)
Thany, Steeve Hervé. "Caractérisation des différentes sous-unités des récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux chez l'abeille Apis mellifera." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30117.
Повний текст джерелаWe have cloned five neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from the honeybee brain Apis mellifera. According to theirs homologies with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor a-subunits of Homo sapiens, we have named these subunits: Apisa2, Apisa3, Apisa4, Apisa7-1 and Apisa7-2. Comparison of these subunits with all cloned nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits show that: (1) the nomenclature of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits is not consistent with theirs homologies. (2) We could differentiate these subunits in different subfamilies according to theirs homologies. We have study by in situ hybridization, the expression patterns of these five subunits during the development. Our results show that the expression of at least four of these five subunits is regulated during the development. In the adult stage we found a strong labelling of the five mRNA in different brain structures. According to both the number of nicotinic acetylcholine subunits that we have cloned and the number of combination to form a functional receptor, our results suggest strongly that different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes exist in the honeybee. Moreover, analysis of honeybee genomic database suggest that at least ten genes encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits exist. From the molecular characterization of these subunits, we have used antisense inhibition to block expression of Apisa2 or Apisa3 subunit, in honeybee during olfactory learning. Our preliminary results show that twenty four and forty eight hours after injection of antisense Apisa2 and Apisa3 respectively, honeybees show impairment of recall. These preliminary studies show that this method could be useful to study the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in learning and memory process
Bonte, Mathieu. "Influence du comportement de l'occupant sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment : modélisation par intelligence artificielle et mesures in situ." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2495/.
Повний текст джерелаBuilding sector plays a major role in global warming. In France, it is responsible of about 40% of energy consumption et about 33% of carbon emissions. In this context, building designers try to improve building energy performance. To do so, they often use building energy modeling (BEM) software to predict future energy use. For several years now, researchers have observed a difference between actual and predicted energy performance. Some reasons are pointed out such as uncertainties on physical properties of building materials and lack of precision of fluid dynamics models. One of the main causes could come from bad assessments in the modeling of occupant behavior. Occupant is often considered as passive in building simulation hypothesis. However, numerous of papers show that he act on the building he is in, and on personal characteristics. The work presented here intend to characterize occupant behavior and its influence on energy use. In the first part of the manuscript we assess the individual impact of several actions using design of experiments (DOE) methodology. Actions like operations on windows, blind or thermostat are investigated separately. We show that two opposite extreme behaviors (economic and wasteful) could lead to significant difference in building energy use. Moreover, a factor two-to-one in total energy use is observed between passive and active behaviors. In the second part we focused on an experimental approach. Thermal and visual environment of 4 offices have been monitored during a year and online questionnaires about comfort and behavior have been submitted to office occupants. Tank to a statistical analysis we estimates probabilities of acting on windows, blinds and clothing insulation against physical variables or thermal sensation. Final part of the thesis deals with the development of an occupant behavior model called OASys (Occupant Actions System) and running under TRNSys software. The model is based on an artificial intelligence algorithm and is intended to predict occupant interactions with thermostat, clothing insulation, windows, blinds and lighting system based on thermal and visual sensation. Results from OASys are compared to results from literature through various case studies for partial validation. They also confirm the significant impact of occupant behavior on building energy performance
Cao, Hongliu. "Forêt aléatoire pour l'apprentissage multi-vues basé sur la dissimilarité : Application à la Radiomique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR073/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work of this thesis was initiated by a Radiomic learning problem. Radiomics is a medical discipline that aims at the large-scale analysis of data from traditional medical imaging to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main hypothesis of this discipline is that by extracting a large amount of information from the images, we can characterize the specificities of this pathology in a much better way than the human eye. To achieve this, Radiomics data are generally based on several types of images and/or several types of features (from images, clinical, genomic). This thesis approaches this problem from the perspective of Machine Learning (ML) and aims to propose a generic solution, adapted to any similar learning problem. To do this, we identify two types of ML problems behind Radiomics: (i) learning from high dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) and (ii) multiview learning. The solutions proposed in this manuscript exploit dissimilarity representations obtained using the Random Forest method. The use of dissimilarity representations makes it possible to overcome the well-known difficulties of learning high dimensional data, and to facilitate the joint analysis of the multiple descriptions, i.e. the views.The contributions of this thesis focus on the use of the dissimilarity easurement embedded in the Random Forest method for HDLSS multi-view learning. In particular, we present three main results: (i) the demonstration and analysis of the effectiveness of this measure for HDLSS multi-view learning; (ii) a new method for measuring dissimilarities from Random Forests, better adapted to this type of learning problem; and (iii) a new way to exploit the heterogeneity of views, using a dynamic combination mechanism. These results have been obtained on radiomic data but also on classical multi-view learning problems
Sergot, Bertrand. "Les déterminants des décisions de localisation -Les créations de nouveaux sites des entreprises françaises de l'industrie et des services." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012204.
Повний текст джерелаLa partie empirique de la recherche explore les interactions, lors de la prise de décision, entre ces comportements de préférence pour les aires géographiques connues et les contraintes techniques et économiques. A cette fin, une enquête par questionnaire a été réalisée auprès d'un large échantillon d'entreprises françaises des secteurs de l'industrie manufacturière et de la réalisation de logiciels, en référence à des décisions de localisation prises sur la période 2001-2002 en France ou à l'étranger. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les décisions étudiées constituent des solutions de compromis entre les logiques économiques, les préférences personnelles des décideurs, les intérêts des différents acteurs internes à l'entreprise et les pressions émanant de son environnement économique et social.
Ez, zaouia Mohamed. "Factors for dashboards design and use to inform teachers' practices in situ." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3030.
Повний текст джерелаDashboards have great potential in informing teachers' and learners' work, decisions, and practices. In this dissertation, we study the design and use of dashboards to inform teachers' practices when assisting learners in using online learning platforms. We specifically examine what teachers actually "do" with dashboards in their everyday work and in the long run. We argue that this research draws social, pedagogical, and technical ramifications. To understand the social factors, we need a critical inquiry into the pedagogical practices and the technical challenges underpinned by teachers' dashboards. On the other hand, to properly design such technologies, we need a profound understanding and consideration of the social interactions of users.First, we studied dashboards in the context of video-conferencing language learning. Teachers face one main challenge: lack of emotional awareness in online learning due to distant and technology-mediated interactions. We conducted a case study examining a multimodal approach of learners' emotions awareness. We demonstrated this approach by using audio and video streams when inferring emotions along with learners' self-reported emotions and teachers' and learners' contextual interaction traces on the platform. We analyzed emotional cues from the two modalities, audio, and video. We proposed an approach for combining discrete and dimensional emotion. The results highlighted the pertinence of rendering multimodal and contextual emotional awareness information for teachers in such settings.Second, building on our first study, we adopted an iterative design process in which we interviewed five teachers and collaborated with a pedagogical manager, a language researcher, and two teachers. We conducted two formal formative evaluations leading to the design of Emodash. We conducted a two-month field study with five teacher-learner pairs, to examine how Emodash supports teachers' awareness of learners' emotions online and how it impacts their feedback reports written to learners. The results showed that Emodash led teachers to write significantly more affective and formative feedback, and less summative feedback, suggesting a stronger awareness of learners' emotions. Also, the dashboard led teachers to reflect on the way they conduct lessons, using learners' emotions as a proxy to evaluate their conduct of teaching.Third, we studied dashboards in the context of remote and blended learning. Teachers face one main challenge: lack of actionable insights to engage in informed interventions. We designed Progdash based on interviews with seven teachers and refined it through collaborative prototyping. We integrated Progdash into an online French vocabulary, grammar, spelling learning platform. We conducted a three-month field study with 29 teachers to evaluate whether Progdash provides useful indicators to teachers about learners' progression, and how it informs teachers' practices to engage in informed interventions. The results showed that teachers found Progdash actionable to inform: monitoring, assessments, planning, information sharing, feedback, and lesson provision. Based on our findings, we discussed implications aimed at improving dashboards to bridge online and in-class learning as well as to foster teachers' and learners' dialog and reflection.Finally, we took a reflexive inquiry building upon the results of the studies of Emodash and Progdash. We articulated the social factors —monitoring, awareness, and reflection, the pedagogical practices —planning, feedback, and coaching, as well as the technical challenges interacting with the design and use of teachers' dashboards. We discussed practical assumptions for each dimension to inform the design and use of teachers' dashboards. Together, these dimensions serve as a wider conceptual umbrella for the design of information-driven technologies and macro-implications for dashboards fitting teachers' and learners' everyday situations
Le, Hénaff Benjamin. "Comparaisons entre groupes, anonymat, et performances cognitives : expérimentations dans les environnements numériques et en coprésence." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to study how group identification may lead to better cognitive performance, based on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). This theory states that the social identity of individuals is partly based on comparison of their group with another group. The search for a positive social identity should drive individuals to act on behalf of their own group, putting them in an advantageous position compared to another group. The SIDE Model (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects, Reicher, Spears & Postmes, 1995) extends this theory by postulating that anonymity could facilitate the transition from personal to social identity, which is reinforced in the process. Our study was organized along three lines of research. The first two examined how anonymity and intergroup comparison affects performance on computer quizzes and statistics exercises in a web-based learning environment. The third studied the effects of anonymity and intergroup comparison on the generation of creative ideas in the presence of others. Consistent with the SIDE Model, we found that intergroup comparison under anonymity conditions activated group members’ social identity, leading to better performance on cognitive tasks. We also found that individual differences, such as prior knowledge, may moderate the effects of the SIDE model. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and future research directions are suggested
Wang, Kaili. "Modèle d'unité d'apprentissage d'hypermédia adaptatif." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1888.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the design and the implementation of adaptive hypermedia Unit of Learning (UoL) models for pedagogical platforms and learning (content) management systems. The target users are the teachers who have not enough knowledge or experience on website developing. The goal of our research is to make the UoL design adapted to teacher’s psychological and pedagogical characteristics. In our research, teacher’s thinking style, teaching style and working domain are studied as the psychological and pedagogical elements for personalisation of a system. The work on modelling UoL is based on the quantitative and qualitative study on a questionnaire for deducing the rules with which we propose the pedagogical activities. A platform, named eCH (e-Course Help), is developed to represent UoLs in forms of online courses, showing the pedagogical structures adapted to teacher users
Kherroubi, Zine el abidine. "Novel off-board decision-making strategy for connected and autonomous vehicles (Use case highway : on-ramp merging)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1331.
Повний текст джерелаMerging in the highway on-ramp is a significant challenge toward realizing fully automated driving (level 4 of autonomous driving). The combination of communication technology and autonomous driving technology, which underpins the notion of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), may improve greatly safety performances when performing highway on-ramp merging. However, even with the emergence of CAVs vehicles, some keys constraints should be considered to achieve a safe on-ramp merging. First, human-driven vehicles will still be present on the road, and it may take decades before all the commercialized vehicles will be fully autonomous and connected. Also, on-board vehicle sensors may provide inaccurate or incomplete data due to sensors limitations and blind spots, especially in such critical situations. To resolve these issues, the present thesis introduces a novel solution that uses an off-board Road-Side Unit (RSU) to realize fully automated highway on-ramp merging for connected and automated vehicles. Our proposed approach is based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict drivers’ intentions. This prediction is used as an input state to a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent that outputs the longitudinal acceleration for the merging vehicle. To achieve this, we first show how the road-side unit may be used to enhance perception in the on-ramp zone. We then propose a driver intention model that can predict the behavior of the human-driven vehicles in the main highway lane, with 99% accuracy. We use the output of this model as an input state to train a Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (TD3) agent that learns « safe » and « cooperative » driving policy to perform highway on-ramp merging. We show that our proposed decision-making strategy improves performance compared to the solutions proposed previously
Frenois, François. "Caractérisation des propriétés motivationnelles du sevrage des opiacés - analyse comparative des substrats neurobiologiques des effets inconditionnés et conditionnés." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006055.
Повний текст джерелаCarrier, Pierre Luc. "Leveraging noisy side information for disentangling of factors of variation in a supervised setting." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11497.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Cleilton Alves da. "Redes sociais on-line como veículo de aprendizagem informal de estudantes do ensino superior." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13996.
Повний текст джерелаCe mémoire de recherche a eu comme objectif analyser l’usage et la perception que les étudiants de l’enseignement supérieure ont des réseaux socionumériques en tant qu’espace d’apprentissage informel. Cette enquête descriptive et quantitative a aplique un questionnaire à 1.202 à des étudiants de l’enseignement supérieur au Portugal. L’étude a révélé que les réseaux socionumériques sont toujours vus principalement comme un espace personnel pour garder le contact. En outre, il a révélé que les facteurs de connexion, d’interaction et de collaboration à travers les réseaux socionumériques peuvent représenter un nouveau chemin encore peu exploré par les études sur l’apprentissage informel. La plupart des étudiants interagissent presque tous les jours avec ses cercles d’amis à travers ces outils, ce qui démontre que les réseaux socionumériques peuvent être aperçus comme un précieux espace distincte d’apprentissage en comparaison avec les espaces d’apprentissage institutionnels et formels. Les étudiants participants avouent que les réseaux socionumériques peuvent être utiles pour acquérir des connaissances et peuvent aussi leur aider à s’exprimer et à publier leurs propres opinions.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar el uso y la percepción que los alumnos de enseñanza superior tienen sobre las redes sociales en línea como un vehículo para el aprendizaje informal. En este estudio de tipo descriptivo y cuantitativo se aplicaron 1.202 cuestionarios a los estudiantes de educación superior en Portugal. La investigación reveló que los sitios de redes sociales todavía son vistos principalmente como un espácio personal para mantener contactos. Además de ello, mostró que los factores, conexión, interacción y colaboración a través de las redes sociales en línea, pueden ser un nuevo camino, aún poco explorado, en los estudios sobre el aprendizaje informal. La mayoría de los alumnos interactúa casi todos los días con su círculo de amigos por medio de estas herramientas, esto pone de manifiesto que las redes sociales en Internet pueden ser vistas como un valioso espacio siendo a la vez un espacio distinto de aprendizaje en comparación con los espacios de aprendizaje institucionales y formales. Los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio perciben que las redes sociales pueden ser útiles para adquirir conocimiento y pueden ayudarles a expresar y a publicar sus propias opiniones.
This descriptive and quantitative research aimed to analyze students in higher education regarding their use and perception of online social networks as a vehicle for their informal learning. 1,202 students in higher education in Portugal participated in this investigation by answering questionnaires used to obtain the data. The study revealed that social network sites are still primarily seen as a personal space to maintain contacts. It also revealed that connection, interaction and collaboration through social network sites can be seen as a new path yet to be more explored in studies of informal learning. Most students interact almost daily with their circles of friends through those tools. It shows that social network sites can also be seen as a valuable distinct learning space, in comparison to institutional and formal learning spaces. The surveyed students perceive that social networks can be useful to gain knowledge and can help them to express and publish their own opinions.
Ferreira, da Silva Rosa Sirléia. "Une étude exploratoire sur l’usage des sites de réseautage social dans la trajectoire d'intégration des étudiants internationaux brésiliens à l’Université de Montréal." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22448.
Повний текст джерела