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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Appareil respiratoire – Viroses – Thérapeutique"
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Дисертації з теми "Appareil respiratoire – Viroses – Thérapeutique"
Jabeen, Mehwish. "Anti-viral activity of marine polysaccharides against respiratory viruses." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1325.
Повний текст джерелаRespiratory viral infections are one of the leading causes of morbidilty and mortality worldwide. Viral respiratory tract infections (vRTIs) can be due to several families of viruses such as picornaviruses, coronaviruses (CoV), ortho- and paramyxoviruses, adenoviruses and herpesviruses. vRTIs are among the most common diseases in medical health care. Although most of the symptoms associated with these viruses are self-resolving and non-fatal, they have a huge impact on the quality of life and productivity. In certain cases, they are associated with various life threatening complications that consequently result in hospitalization and associated financial and social burden. Despite massive advancements in virology field, no specific treatment exists for most respiratory viral infections. Symptomatic therapies or anti-viral medications are still the major tools to treat vRTIs as vaccines are currently not yet available for most of the respiratory viruses except against influenza (limited efficacy), adenovirus (restricted use) and more recently, against SARS-CoV-2. However, cost effective production and timely availablity of these vaccines globally is still questionable. Approved therapies against respiratory viruses rely almost exclusively on synthetic drugs that have potential side effects, restricting their use. Besides, these anti-viral agents lack targeted therapeutic activity towards respiratory viruses. and trigger the emergence of viral resistance, that is a major public health problem. Due to the lack of optimal medication and effective vaccines, the search for alternative natural therapies, such as sulfated marine polysaccharides, is indispensable. Marine polysaccharides are very well known in the litrature for their numerous benefits including anti-viral, antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, vaccine preparation, cell/ gene therapy, drug delivery to biomaterial synthesis. Interestingly, sulphated polysaccharides (SPS) have shown significant anti-viral activities against different viruses. Their distinctive anti-viral potential is attributed to their diverse structure. Despite the large diveristy of marine algae, the SPS mainly act through a similar mechanism: the anionic regions of polysaccharides interact with viral glycoproteins to prevent their attachment to cell membranes. Therefore, they exert virustatic properties by preventing viral infection. However, this activity is dependant on the structural features of SPS which could accordingly act at different stages of viral cycle. Recently, various SPS have shown promising activity agaisnt SARS-CoV-2 and are in further assessment for their use as natural anti-virals. Among the SPS from marine algae, mainly fucoidan and carrageenan have gained huge importance as anti-virals due to their broad spectrum anti-viral efficacy. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of marine polysaccharides against respiratory viruses. For this purpose, the anti-viral activity of fucoidan from different sources was assessed against HRV, IV as well as SARS-CoV-2 through in-vitro assays. The viral inhibition efficacy was assessed mainly by Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50) inhibition assay and the mechanism of inhibition was determined through time of addition assays (TOA). The anti-viral activity of tested polysaccharides was compared with natural (Carragelose) and synthetic anti-virals (pleconaril, ribavarin). No anti-viral activity was seen in case of HRV (non-enveloped virus) whereas, important anti-viral activity was seen against IV and SARS-CoV-2 (enveloped viruses). These results probably highlighted the greater sensitivity of polyanionic marine polysaccharides towards the enveloped viruses. Furthermore, better anti-viral activity was seen in case of pure polysaccharide, highlighting the importance of marine extract purification and characterization before considering their use as drug of natural origin
Lathiere, Isabelle. "La crénothérapie des affections des voies respiratoires à Tercis-les-Bains." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M154.
Повний текст джерелаDreffier, Christelle. "Administration pulmonaire d'immunoglobulines dans le cadre de la prophylaxie des infections respiratoires du combattant : étude chez la souris infectée par influenza A de l'intérêt de formulations liposomales." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114801.
Повний текст джерелаPulmonary administration of immunoglobulins is efficient against respiratory infections and can be used in urgent prevention situation, but is of short effect. The aim of this work was to determine how liposomal formulations would be able to prolong the prophylactic efficiency of Ig. Physico-chemical studies allowed to characterize Ig / liposomes interactions and showed that IgG adsorption onto liposomes was not saturable and induced vesicle destabilization above a threshold Ig / lipid ratio, probably in relation with the preferential adsorption of Ig aggregates. In vivo studies in mice infected by Influenza A and receiving IVIG formulations by endotracheal nebulization showed a lower efficiency of the liposome associated Ig than the free Ig one, likely due to an enhanced macrophagic clearance of the liposomes presenting Ig aggregates on their surface
Gamelin, Erick. "Pharmacologie clinique du 5-fluorouracile et de certains sels de platine chez des patients souffrant de cancers du tractus digestif et des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28484.
Повний текст джерелаChlif, Mehdi. "Contraintes ventilatoires à l'exercice chez l'obèse : effets de l'entraînement." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0029.
Повний текст джерелаThe major respiratory complications of obesity include a heightened demand for ventilation, elevated work of breathing, respiratory muscle inefficiency and diminished respiratory compliance. Obese patients have increased dyspnoea and decreased exercise capacity, which are vital to quality of life. Our study shows that physical exercise is accompanied by an increased work of breathing, weakness of the inspiratory muscles, alteration of the inspiratory muscle performance, dyspnea of and a dynamic hyperinflation. Thus, these results are in favor of the existence of a vicious circle of deconditioning in these subjects and particularly as their physical activity were correlated with their exercise tolerance. These observations justify the prescription of endurance training to obese subjects to improve the exercise tolerance and the quality of life. Our results demonstrate that training improves exercise tolerance, performance of the inspiratory muscles and decrease dyspnoea. In conclusion, the obese subject present ventilatory constraints during exercise constituting a limitant factor to exercise, training improve exercise tolerance and the quality of life inducing a possible slow down to the evolution of the disease towards disability and psychosocial handicap in obese subjects
Alhanout, Kamel. "Evaluation de l'activité antimicrobienne de nouveaux composés aminostéroïdiens dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22954/document.
Повний текст джерелаAminosterol derivatives (ASDs) such as squalamine and its analogs have demonstrated an interesting in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluated against bacterial and fungal reference strains and never against clinical and / or multiresistant pathogens. It was shown that squalamine acts against Gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the integrity of their outer membrane. Instead, its mechanism of action against Gram-positive bacteria has never been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was firstly to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of squalamine and two synthesized ASDs (ASD 1-2, Figure 1) against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and filamentous fungi isolated from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and yeasts involved in fungemia, and secondly to better understand their mechanism of action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We found that ASDs possess an interesting in vitro antibacterial activity which was more important against non-mucoid and/or colistin sensitive strains suggesting that a correlation exists between the activity of ASDs and that of colistin against Gram-negative bacteria. Despite this correlation, ASDs were more active against Gram-positive bacteria indicating the presence of two different mechanisms of action against both groups of bacteria. While classical antifungal agents showed heterogeneous activities against tested filamentous fungi and yeasts specie-dependent manner, ASDs presented homogeneous activities indicating that these molecules may possess a mechanism of action different from those reported with conventional antifungals. Thus, our preliminary data indicated that squalamine induced the disruption of yeast membrane, probably via a "mechanical" effect. Analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of action of squalamine has shown that this molecule acts by disrupting the integrity of bacterial membrane of Gram-negative bacteria via a detergent-like mode of action and by depolarizing the membrane of Grampositive leading to a total disruption of this membrane. Finally, the suitability of one of our compounds to be integrated in an aerosol formulation has been demonstrated
Felix, Marie-Solenne. "Lésion cervicale de la moelle épinière : vulnérabilité cérébrale et stratégie réparatrice spinale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4349.
Повний текст джерелаCervical spinal cord injuries are the most frequent type of spinal cord injury. It interrupts motor bulbospinal respiratory pathway inducing respiratory deficits bringing into play the vital diagnostic of patients. The study of spontaneous recovery of respiratory function and the development of reparing strategies are a major issue. Therapeutic strategies by olfactory enseathing cells are the most promising. We show the effect of nasal olfactory enseathing cells transplantation at the spinal level considering a cervical spinal cord hemicontusion in adult rat and the recovery of respiratory function. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that spinal cord injury has an impact on adult brain neurogenesis niches and that a neuroprotective phenomenon appears after spinal cord injury in the medulla of the brainstem. Our results concerns an actual clinical research theme, well-referenced in publications. It is of high importance to consider supralesional consequences of spinal cord injury, especially for the regenerative medicine
Adam, Damien. "Rôle de l’inflammation dans le remodelage de l’épithélium des voies aériennes humaines mucoviscidosiques et potentiel thérapeutique d’une molécule issue des agro-ressources champenoises." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS042.
Повний текст джерелаThe airway epithelium of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is frequently injured and remodeled. Whether these alterations are related to infection and/or inflammation or to a dysregulated regeneration process remains to be elucidated. The first objective of this study was to determine the involvement of inflammation in remodeling and regeneration of the CF airway epithelium. Using an in vitro model of airway epithelial cell culture at the air-liquid interface, we demonstrated that, in absence of exogenous infection and inflammation, the CF airway epithelium regeneration was abnormal, delayed, and led to the reconstitution of a remodeled epithelium, in comparison to a non-CF regenerated airway epithelium. Moreover, by inducing a chronic inflammation in non-CF and CF cultures, we were able to attribute a role of the endogenous inflammation of CF cells (inflammatory memory) in the airway epithelium height increase as well as in the basal cell hyperplasia development, an essential involvement of exogenous inflammation in the development of goblet cell hyperplasia, and the absence of implication of inflammation in the ciliated cell differentiation delay. The second objective of this study was to identify an anti-remodeling and/or pro-regenerative molecule. The results we obtained showed that a molecule derived agro-resources regulated the increase in the airway epithelium height as well as the basal and goblet cell hyperplasia development, favored the ciliated cell differentiation, decreased the inflammation and the production of the MUC5-AC mucin, in the CF cultures an in the chronically inflamed non-CF cultures. Finally, this molecule restored chloride secretion through CFTR in CF cultures. In conclusion, the chosen molecule seems to be a promising therapeutics for cystic fibrosis
Hoffmann, Jonathan. "Etude translationnelle sur les interactions hôte-pathogène : étiologie des infections respiratoires aigües et impact des co-infections sur la modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1022.
Повний текст джерелаRespiratory infections, especially pneumonia are the leading cause of death among children under 5 years-old worldwide. Advances in molecular diagnostic have highlighted heterogeneous etiologies of respiratory infections with a high proportion of viral and bacterial co-infections whose clinical impact remain difficult to assess. The translational research conducted during this thesis aimed to describe the etiology of respiratory infections and the impact of viral and bacterial co-infections on the innate immunity.We have developed an in-vitro study model of sequential infection of antigen presenting cells (APC) by the human influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and studied the modulation of the inflammatory response. The results show that APC co-infection by those two major pathogens of pneumonia strongly impacts cells viability and induces a significant deregulation of the inflammatory response. During co-infection, pro-inflammatory chemokine IP-10 is synergistically expressed suggesting a role so far undescribed for this chemokine in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. We also demonstrated that micro-RNAs (including miR-200a-3p) actively participate in the regulation of the inflammatory response by targeting the signaling pathway regulators JAK-STAT (SOCS-6) and indirectly IP-10 signalling pathway.Recently, we evaluated the inflammatory response of children aged under 5 hospitalized for pneumonia, in partnership with medical and scientific teams of Paraguay involved in the GABRIEL network. This study confirmed 1) a varied etiology of childhood pneumonia and 2) a significant elevated IP-10 serum level among children with very severe pneumonia caused by mixed viral and bacterial co-infections
Maisonnasse, Pauline. "Identification phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules dendritiques et macrophages pulmonaires porcins à l’état basal et lors d’infections influenza." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0008.
Повний текст джерелаPig is a research model with a major agronomic importance and a great potential as a biomedical model for different respiratory pathologies. Yet, its pulmonary immune system is little known, limiting the deepening of these studies. In particular, tissular Dendritic Cells (DCs) and Macrophages (Mθs), which are at the interface between innate and adaptive immune systems, were not characterized. The aim of this thesis was to describe DCs and Mθs in the porcine lung at steady-state and during infections with different strains of influenza virus A (IAV), a pathogen capable of infecting pigs and humans. We characterized for the first time conventional DCs (cDCs) and monocyte derived (moDCs), as well as monocyte-derived macrophages (moMθs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) in pig. The cDC1 and cDC2 were phenotypically close to their murine and human equivalents. They also had the same in vitro capabilities of migration and antigen presentation. The moDCs are, like murine ones, pro-inflammatory and are recruited during an IAV infection in vivo. We also found a highly represented interstitial population whose phenotype is very similar to that of AMs: AM-like cells. They are pro-inflammatory upon in vitro infection by a swine H3N2 strain or a Lena strain of PRRSV. Finally, we studied these different cell types through infection by two strains of porcine IAV, an H3N2 and an H1N2 strains, the first one being more pathological and inducing more inflammation. The AM-like cells might play an important role in this pathogenicity difference. In conclusion, we found a strategy to study more precisely the roles of DCs and Mθs in the porcine lung, and thus to better understand lung inflammation and immune response. This work opens pathways, in veterinary and biomedical health, which were previously reserved for mouse model
Книги з теми "Appareil respiratoire – Viroses – Thérapeutique"
Postiaux, Guy. Kinésithérapie respiratoire de l'enfant: Les techniques de soins guidées par l'auscultation pulmonaire. 3rd ed. Bruxelles: De Boeck, 2003.
Знайти повний текст джерелаL, Wilkins Robert, and Dexter James R. 1948-, eds. Respiratory disease: Principles of patient care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерелаJames R., M.D. Dexter and Robert L. Wilkins. Respiratory Disease: Principles of Patient Care. F a Davis Co, 1993.
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