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Ryczer-Dumas, Malgorzata. "Users’ agencies : juxtaposing public portrayals and users’ accounts of app-mediated cardiac arrest volunteer work in Sweden." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse adopte une perspective de recherche en sciences sociales pour examiner les usages de l'application SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), devenue Heartrunner, ayant pour objectif de solliciter des bénévoles à proximité de personnes presumées victimes d'un arrêt cardiaque extra-hospitalier. Cette étude de cas sur les usages de cette application médicale et de santé juxtapose les « portraits » publics de l'application, de ses utilisateurs potentiels, de leurs rôles actifs et de leurs pratiques d'usage et les témoignages des utilisateurs bénévoles. Cette analyse explore les dimensions des rôles actifs de l'application et de ses utilisateurs tels qu’ils sont délégués par les « portraits » de la technologie et tels qu’ils sont perçus par ses utilisateurs. Cette analyse rend visibles les aspects des rôles actifs et des pratiques des utilisateurs bénévoles au moment de la mise en œuvre de cette technologie dans deux premières régions, avant son adoption ultérieure dans d'autres régions de Suède ainsi qu’au Danemark. La perspective de la recherche médicale a jusqu'à présent dominé les études sur les applications de secourisme. Ces études ont évalué les résultats de l'usage de l'application par les bénévoles et se sont concentrées sur l'examen de l'efficacité de ces applications, par des indicateurs tels que le nombre d'utilisateurs arrivés sur place et le nombre de ceux qui ont participé à la réanimation des personnes victimes. Dans le même temps, ces travaux ont contribué à la construction de discours prometteurs et à des approches instrumentales appliquées pour comprendre les significations et les usages des applications médicales et de santé. En revanche, en s'appuyant sur l'analyse discursive et thématique du matériel de recherche qualitative, cette thèse cherche à mettre en évidence les perspectives des utilisateurs dans leur co-construction de la technologie de secourisme à travers leurs pratiques d'usage de l'application. Par une approche théorique socio-matérielle, elle explore de manière critique les rôles actifs des utilisateurs tels qu'ils sont délégués par les discours des développeurs du projet, des gestionnaires et des évaluateurs de cette technologie médicale et tels qu'ils sont négociés par les utilisateurs dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes. Cette thèse examine tout d'abord les « portraits » de l'application publiés en ligne, de ses utilisateurs et de leurs rôles actifs, mais aussi dans les pratiques de recrutement des utilisateurs et enfin dans une publication de recherche médicale évaluant cette technologie de secourisme. Ensuite, la thèse examine comment les bénévoles décrivent les motifs de leur décision de devenir usagers de l’application, le contexte social de leurs décisions et les significations qu'ils attribuent à leurs pratiques. Troisièmement, la thèse examine comment les récits des bénévoles, en juxtaposition avec les « portraits » en ligne de la technologie SMSlifesaving, représentent les pratiques d'usage de l'application par les bénévoles aux differentes étapes: avant la réception des notifications les informant des cas d'arrêts cardiaques, au moment de la réception de ces notifications, et après leur acceptation.Contribuant au champ de la recherche sociale critique sur les applications médicales et de santé, la thèse met en relief que les utilisateurs de l'application SMSlifesaving et les technologies qu'ils co-construisent ont des rôles actifs. Elle illustre les rôles actifs délégués et négociés par les utilisateurs ; ces derniers lorsqu'ils surmontent les dépendances quotidiennes de l'application et mesurent l'importance de leur travail bénévole, par l’intermédiaire de leur usage de l’application, par rapport à leur travail rémunéré et à leurs engagements de vie privée, développent un engagement consciencieux envers l'application et redéfinissent les promesses médicales de l'application pour les personnes victimes et leurs famillesThis thesis embraces a social science research perspective to examine uses of the app SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), now Heartrunner, dedicated to alert volunteers nearby to assist people suspected to suffer from a cardiac arrest outside hospital. This case study of the uses of the health and medical app juxtaposes the public portrayals of the app, its prospective users, their agencies and use practices with the volunteer users’ own accounts. The analysis explores dimensions of the app’s and its users’ agencies as delegated by the technology’s portrayals and perceived by its users. It renders visible also possibly obscured aspects of the volunteer users’ agencies and practices at the time of the technology’s implementation in the two first regions, before its subsequent adoption in other Swedish regions and in Denmark. A medical research perspective has so far dominated the studies of lifesaving apps. Such research evaluates the patients’ health outcomes resulting from the app use by the volunteers and concentrates on the examination of the efficiency aspects of the app, such as how many users arrived and how many engaged in resuscitating the patients. At the same time, it contributes to the promissory discourses and instrumental approaches applied to understand the meanings and uses of health and medical apps. In contrast, building on the discourse and thematic analysis of the qualitative research material, this thesis seeks to highlight the users’ perspectives in their co-constructing of the SMSlifesaving technology through their app use practices; it embraces a socio-material theoretical approach and critically explores the users’ agencies as delegated by the discourses of the project developers, managers and evaluators of the medical technology and as negotiated by the users in their daily practices. This thesis, first, investigates the public portrayals of the app, its users and their agencies published online, in the user-recruiting practices, and in a medical research publication evaluating the SMSlifesaving technology. Next, it examines how the volunteers’ accounts describe the rationales of their entry into their SMSlifesaving app use practices, the social context embedding their entry and the meanings which they ascribe to their practices. Third, the study investigates how the volunteers’ accounts in juxtaposition to the online portrayals of the SMSlifesaving technology represent the volunteers’ app use before their receptions of the app’s notifications which inform them about cardiac-arrest cases nearby, at the time of reception of such notifications, and following acceptance of such notifications.Contributing to the field of critical social research on health and medical apps, the thesis identifies that both the SMSlifesaving app users and the technologies they co-construct have agencies. It illustrates the users’ agencies delegated and negotiated; the latter when they overcome the app everyday dependencies and judge the app-mediated volunteer work importance versus their paid work and private life commitments, develop dutiful engagement with the app and re-define the app’s medical promises for the patients and their families
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Rocha, Joana Fernandes da. "Understanding APP-dependent neuronal differentiation." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Biomedicina MolecularAmyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a type 1 membrane protein that suffers proteolytic cleavages and has been implicated in roles such as cell adherence, survival, migration and differentiation. Although a role in neuritogenesis has been attributed to APP, some contradictory results have been reported regarding the benefits of knocking-down or overexpressing APP. Further, while the addition of the APP proteolytic sAPP (secreted APP) fragment to the cell medium enhances neuritogenesis, the amount of cellular APP and other APP fragments may be deleterious for this process. Further, preliminary work from the Neuroscience laboratory of the Center for Cell Biology indicated that pAPP (APP phosphorylated at the S655 residue) can potentially be crucial in APPmediated neuronal differentiation, for example by increasing APP cleavage to its biological fragment sAPP or APP binding to specific signal transducers. In this work, the capacity of APP and pAPP to mediate neuronal differentiation was tested, in the initial period of retinoic acid (RA)-induced SH-SY5Y cells differentiation. These neuroblastoma cells are a well documented neuronal-like cell model used in neuronal differentiation studies. Several molecular tools were used, including wild-type and phosphomutants APP-GFP. The evaluation of differentiation included neuritogenic output analysis by bright field and epifluorescence microscopy, using various approaches. Namely scoring the number of differentiated cells and performing morphometric analyses of transfected cells and of the all cellular population. The levels of APP and medium secreted sAPP, and of cytoskeleton-related proteins and posttranslational modifications, such as MAP2, Acetylated Tubulin and Actin were also quantified by Western blot analysis, and related to the morphological parameters. Additionally, the potential role of AICD in APP-mediated neuronal differentiation was inferred from pharmacologic assays, where its generation is inhibited. Together the results obtained show that APP, sAPP and AICD modulate neuritogenesis in a complex and well-ordered manner. While long-term increases in APP can be detrimental to neuronal-like differentiation, in an AICD-dependent manner, short-term increases benefit this process in an APP S655 phosphorylation dependent manner, potentially involving sAPP secretion and specific cytoskeleton rearrangements.
A Proteína Precursora de Amilóide de Alzheimer (PPA) é uma proteína membranar tipo 1 sujeita a processamento proteolítico que tem sido associada a funções como adesão celular, sobrevivência, migração e diferenciação. Apesar de lhe terem sido atribuídas funções na neuritogénese, os dados experimentais obtidos até à data que envolveram modulação dos níveis da PPA revelam-se contraditórios. De facto, enquanto a adição do fragmento PPA secretado (PPAs) ao meio celular favorece a neuritogénese, a quantidade de PPA celular e de outros fragmentos da PPA poderão já não constituir um benefício para este processo. Adicionalmente, dados preliminares do laboratório de Neurociências do Centro de Biologia Celular sugerem que a PPAp (PPA fosforilada na S655) poderá ser fundamental na diferenciação neuronal mediada pela PPA, nomeadamente por aumentar a proteólise da PPA a PPAs ou a ligação da PPA a sinais de transdução específicos. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a capacidade da PPA e PPAp em mediar o período inicial de diferenciação neuronal induzida por ácido retinóico. Para tal recorreu-se a células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, um modelo celular do tipo neuronal bem estabelecido para estudos de diferenciação. Adicionalmente, várias ferramentas moleculares, como PPA-GFP selvagem e fosfomutantes foram usadas. A avaliação da diferenciação incluiu a análise de vários parâmetros neuritogénicos por microscopia de luz (de campo claro e de fluorescência), nomeadamente monitorização de células diferenciadas e análises morfométricas das células transfectadas e da população geral. Os níveis de PPA e PPAs, e de proteínas relacionadas com citosqueleto e suas modificações pós-traducionais (MAP2, Tubulina Acetilada e Actina) também foram quantificados. Além do mais, a influência do DIP na diferenciação neuronal dependente de PPA foi avaliada usando um composto farmacológico para inibir a sua produção. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos demonstram que a PPA, PPAs e DIP modulam a neuritogénese de um modo complexo e ordenado. Enquanto a indução de níveis altos de expressão de PPA (48h) podem ser detrimentais para a diferenciação tipo-neuronal, de uma forma dependente de DIP, induções mais breves (24h) beneficiam este processo de um modo dependente da fosforilação na S655, potencialmente envolvendo a secreção de PPA e rearranjos específicos do citosqueleto.
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Paz, Sandra Isabel Moreira Pinto Vieira Guerra e. "Phosphorylation-dependent Alzheimer's Amyloid precursor protein (APP) targeting." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doutoramento em BiologiaA Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma das doenças neurodegenerativas mais comuns, e apresenta uma incidência mundial de 2-7% em indivíduos com mais de 65 anos e de cerca de 15% em indivíduos acima dos 85 anos de idade. Apesar da sua etiologia multifactorial, há uma correlação bem descrita entre esta patologia e um peptídeo neurotóxico denominado Abeta. Este peptídeo deriva fisiológica e proteoliticamente de uma glicoproteína transmembranar com características de receptor: a Proteína Percursora de Amilóide de Alzheimer (PPA). As possíveis funções fisiológicas da proteína PPA, o seu destino e vias de processamento celulares, conjuntamente com possíveis proteínas celulares que com ela interajam, são assim tópicos de interesse e objectos de investigação científica mundial. Neste contexto tem sido amplamente descrito o envolvimento do processo de fosforilação de proteínas, uma importante modificação pós-transducional que regula muitos e variados acontecimentos intracelulares, na regulação do processamento da PPA. Apesar do exposto, muito pouco é conhecido acerca da fosforilação directa da própria PPA. Esta proteína possui na sua estrutura primária sequências consenso para fosforilação, quer no seu ectodomínio quer no seu domínio intracelular, já descritas como sofrendo fosforilação “in vitro” e “in vivo”. O resíduo Serina 655 pertence a um motivo funcional da APP, 653YTSI656, que forma um sinal de internalização e/ou de “sorting” basolateral. Este domínio é também o local de ligação para a APPBP2, uma proteína que interage com os microtubulos da célula. Embora ainda mal elucidados, os mecanismos pelos quais a fosforilação proteica regula o processamento da PPA parecem incluir uma alteração no tráfego desta proteína, sugerindo que o domínio fosforilável 653YTSI656 desempenha um papel importante nesse processo. Esta dissertação visou assim contribuir para elucidar o papel da fosforilação directa da molécula de APP, mais especificamente no seu resíduo Serina 655, na regulação do direcionamento e tráfego subcelular da proteína, e nas suas possíveis clivagens proteolíticas. De forma a respondermos a essas questões desenvolvemos um modelo experimental para seguir o tráfego intracelular, que usa uma combinação de biologia molecular, técnicas de microscopia de epifluorescência e técnicas de cultura celular. Os resultados obtidos implicam este resíduo como um sinal de direcionamento subcelular da proteína APP, e revelam como o redireccionamento desta proteína por fosforilação favorece um tipo de processamento não amiloidogénico desta. Adicionalmente, a fosforilação do resíduo Serina 655 parece possuir um papel regulador da actividade da PPA como molécula de transdução de sinais. As implicações destas observações na DA e em novas aplicações terapêuticas para a doença são subsequentemente discutidas.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting individuals worldwide with an incidence of 2-7% of post-65 and 15% of post-85 years old. This disease is multifactorial in its etiology but central to its pathology is a neurotoxic peptide termed Abeta. This peptide is physiologically derived by a proteolytic process on the transmembranar Alzheimer’s Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Protein phosphorylation-dependent APP processing has been widely described and although the mechanisms involved remain far from clarified, alterations in APP trafficking seem to occur as part of the answer. Furthermore, the occurrence of consensus phosphorylation sites in the APP intracellular domain has been known for long, but little was known regarding the direct phosphorylation of APP. Efforts in unravelling the role of these domains are finally being successful in placing them as key control points in APP targeting and processing. Among these consensus sequences, the less studied 653YTSI656 motif forms a characteristic internalisation and/or basolateral sorting signal sequence, and is known to be the binding site for a microtubuleinteracting protein (APPBP2). Phosphorylation of this motif was thus suggested to be involved in APP targeting regulation, hitherto all attempts failed to confirm it or even to reveal substantial evidences. In this project, the role of the 653YTSI656 idomain, and in particular the phosphorylatable serine 655, in APP trafficking and proteolytic processing was studied. In order to address this question a new experimental methodology was developed, which coupled molecular biology, fluorescence imaging, and cell culture techniques. APP point mutants, mimicking serine 655 phosphorylatedand dephosphorylated-status, and tagged with the green-fluorescent protein, were used to study protein trafficking dynamics and processing. Results obtained place serine 655 phosphorylation as a key signal in APP sorting and targeting to specific subcellular locations. Also of high relevance was the observed implication of serine 655 phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism that maybe involved in controlling APP function as a signal transducer. The implications of these observations in AD pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
FCT - PRAXIS XXI/BD/16218/98
FCT - POCTI/BCI/34349/1999
Project DIADEM, QLK3-CT- 2001/02362
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
Fundação Astrazeneca
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Chaput, Dale. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Investigation of APP-Dependent Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia affecting the elderly, and as the aging population increases the social and economic burden of AD grows substantially. Pathological hallmarks of AD include the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), as well as significant neuron loss. Amyloid plaques consist of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, which is generated from the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in addition to several other peptides. While the processing of APP has been characterized, its primary physiological function and its involvement in AD pathology are poorly understood. Developing a greater understanding of the function of APP, and the molecular and cellular functions it is involved in or other proteins it is associated with, could provide insight into its role in AD pathology. To investigate the function of APP695, the neuronal isoform of APP, we used mass spectrometry to compare changes in protein expression and phosphorylation between APP-null B103 and APP695-expressing B103-695 rat neuroblastoma cells.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become a powerful technique for the unbiased identification of proteins from complex mixtures. Quantitative proteomics using labeling techniques, such as stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), allow relative quantitation of multiple samples at once. More recently, with advances in mass spectrometer technology, label-free quantitation has become a reliable quantitative proteomics approach. Additionally, mass spectrometry can be used for the analysis of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, a dynamic modification involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. Phosphoproteomics identifies site-specific phosphorylation and surrounding sequence information, which can be used for consensus motif analysis to provide further information about potential changes in kinase activity. Identifying changes in phosphorylation and kinase activity also provides information about signaling pathways and functions that may be affected by APP695 expression. Comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic datasets can be used to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that may be regulated by APP695 expression, or involved in AD progression and pathology, leading to the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies for AD.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of B103 and B103-695 cells identified several significant protein expression and phosphorylation changes that may be mediated by APP695-expression. Global-scale proteomic analysis identified increased expression of Ras and ƴ-synuclein in B103-695 cells, which was further validated in human AD brain tissue. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed increased phosphorylation of Histone H4 at Ser47, and led to the investigation of PCTAIRE-2 (Cdk17), and PCTAIRE-3 (Cdk18) expression, which were all shown to be increased in AD transgenic mouse tissue, culture primary rat neurons treated with Aβ, as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD human brain tissue.
Label-free quantitative proteomics was used for the analysis of human brain tissue from the cortex of individuals affected by AD, MCI, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) compared to cognitively normal, control samples. A number of differentially expressed proteins were identified in AD, MCI, PD, and PSP tissue. Bioinformatic analysis of the comprehensive proteomic datasets from AD, MCI, PD, and PSP human brain tissue identified several proteins consistent with corresponding disease pathology and neurodegeneration, such as inflammatory proteins. While some of the molecular and cellular functions were unique among neurodegenerative diseases, there also appears to be overlap of affected functions, suggesting there may be a more common mechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Haji, Md Sum Hisham. "Educational dependency : a case study on Brunei Darussalam." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335887.
Повний текст джерела
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Braithwaite, Joanne. "Magnetic field and temperature dependence of semiconductor lasers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842949/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work described in this thesis investigates the effect of modifying the band structure in order to reduce the threshold current and its temperature sensitivity in 1.55mum InGaAsP/InP lasers. The threshold current, amplified spontaneous emission spectrum and lasing wavelength of a bulk InGaAsP laser have been measured in strong magnetic fields up to 14 Tesla, over the temperature range 70 - 240 K. A study of the effect of a magnetic field, B, on the shape of the amplified spontaneous emission spectrum and the rate at which the amplified spontaneous and lasing spectra shift with B, confirms the formation of a quantum wire-like density of states distribution in the conduction band. At high temperature (T ~ 210 K), the value of the measured threshold current in the presence of an applied 14 T magnetic field, is 18% less than that measured with no applied magnetic field. However, at low temperature (T ~ 70 K), the value of Ith measured in the presence of 14 T is 20% greater than that measured with no applied magnetic field. As a result, the temperature sensitivity of In,, denoted by the characteristic temperature T0' is increased from 75 K to 97 K. To investigate the threshold current behaviour, theoretical calculations of gain and spontaneous emission spectra were carried out as a function of B and T. Results from these calculations provide, for the first time, a physical explanation for the surprising experimental observations, revealing that there are two competing effects caused by an increase in the band-edge density of states of a quantum wire laser, namely: (i) The differential gain is increased, which tends to decrease Ith. (ii) The transparency carrier density is increased, which tends to increase Ith. Thus, depending on the magnitude of the gain required to reach threshold, Ith either increases or decreases as a result of an increase in the DoS at the band edge. Hence, if the volume of the laser active region remains constant, introducing further degrees of carrier confinement (i.e. changing the DoS distribution from that of a bulk laser to that of a quantum wire) increases T0' however, it does not necessarily reduce Ith, as first anticipated. Conversely, it is found that modifying the band structure by introducing compressive strain into the active region results in a reduction of Ith but no significant improvement in To. Spontaneous emission spectra emitted from a window etched into the substrate of a compressively strained InGaAsP multi-quantum well laser have been measured as a function of temperature and analysed to reveal information on the temperature dependence of the gain and Auger recombination. In the compressively strained device measured, experimental results suggest that the temperature dependence of the gain is not a dominant factor in directly determining the measured To, but instead, affects the temperature sensitivity indirectly through the non-radiative Auger recombination current, (via the temperature dependence of the threshold carrier concentration, nth (T)). Theoretical calculations suggest that the temperature dependence of nth in this device, is close to that of the case of an ideal quantum well, i.e. nth, T; implying that the differential gain does not show an enhanced temperature dependence, as postulated by other authors. The measured To can be accounted for by the Auger current alone, with a contribution from the temperature dependence of the Auger coefficient, C(T), and also from nth(T). The Auger activation energy was determined from two different methods of analysis and found to be ~ 70 meV, which suggests band-to-band Auger recombination remains a significant loss process in the strained laser investigated.
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Emmett, David William. "An investigation of the role of cognitive style as a mediator of eyewitness memorial performance." Thesis, University of East London, 2003. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3554/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Six separate experiments were conducted to investigate the role of Field Dependency (FDI) in determining the susceptibility of eyewitnesses to context reinstatement (CR); their performance in free, cued, and multi-choice recall, and facial identification accuracy; and finally the confidence expressed before and after performing these tasks, and the confidence accuracy relationship (C/AR). Questions were also addressed in relation to the measurement scale status of confidence ratings and the validity and utility of the Calibration / Resolution techniques for analysing the C/AR. Experiments I & II focussed on FDI and CR susceptibility, together with accuracy in free recall, cued recall, and recognition. Experiments III & IV focused on FDI, CR, and recognition. Experiment IV also utilised the Calibration / Resolution technique. Experiment V used a computer presented format to focus on FDI and recognition through simultaneous and sequential line-ups presented upright and inverted. Experiment VI included multi-choice recall testing along with free and cued recall and focussed on FDI, CR, and both correct and incorrect information produced. Experiments I, II, & VI indicated that Field Dependent (FD) participants benefited significantly from CR whilst Field Independent (FI) participants did not. FIs consistently outperformed FDs in cued recall. Experiment VI indicated that for FDs CR in free recall increased correct information and decreased erroneous information, leading to a significant improvement in the 'quality' of the information produced. In cued recall, however, correct information produced by FIs was greater than that produced by FDs and erroneous information lower, leading to a significant difference between FDs and FIs in the 'quality' of cued recall produced. Experiments III and IV indicated a significant superiority in facial recognition for FDs as compared to FIs across time delays of one week and three months in filled line-ups but not in blank. The explicit encoding format and upright and inverted lineups used in experiment V indicated a role for both attentiveness to others and configural processing in the superiority of FDs seen in experiments HI & IV. Results across experiments I, II, and VI indicated that confidence was significantly higher following a free recall test than when assessed at other points during recall testing. In experiment III, IV, & V confidence ratings were higher following exposure to the line-up than confidence ratings given before exposure. Results across all six experiments in relation to the C/AR show a marked level of inconsistency, however the use of the calibration / resolution techniques in experiment IV indicated a level of over-confidence on the part of FIs and underconfidence on the part of FDs that is in keeping with the personality aspects of FDI. In experiment VI the same techniques in relation to cued recall indicate a degree of overconfidence for 'easy' questions and under-confidence for 'hard' questions and point to a new approach to the investigation of the role of 'item difficulty' in determining the C/AR. Overall, the thesis argues that cognitive style is an important factor in predicting when context reinstatement will be beneficial, who will perform better in different recollection and recognition tasks, and how confidence will relate to accuracy.
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Alam, Sadaf Sakina. "Determination of gp120 & Trx80 dependent production of hydrogen peroxide in cell free & cell-dependent systems." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2621.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen specie (ROS), is most commonly associated with oxidative stress causing cytotoxic effects on living cells. Oxidative stress has been implicated in various conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In addition H2O2 is produced as a defense mechanism against pathogens, as being released by activated phagocytes. In recent years, H2O2 has become established as an important regulator of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. Hydrogen peroxide is generated both intracellularly and extracellularly in response to various stimuli including cytokines and growth factors. There are different mechanisms by which H2O2 is generated, facilitating signal transduction in cells; through NOX-system in miyochondria, via singlet oxygen, receptor/ligand interaction or by redox active metal ions. The HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is associated with HIV dementia and it is known as a neurotoxin that causes neuronal damage. It has been proposed that free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis caused by gp120. In addition the truncated form of thioredoxin (Trx80) is known to stimulate HIV replication in HIV infected cells, however, the exact mechanism is not known. A possible way both proteins may mediate their activity is by inducing H2O2 production. The aim of this study was to investigate H2O2 production induced by the proteins gp120 and Trx80. In order to detect H2O2 production an assay based on the fluorescent compound Amplex Red, was established. The assay was used to detect H2O2 released by gp120 and Trx80 in a cell-free environment, in a cell-system and in the presence of metal ions (copper ions) with a physiological reductant (ascorbate). We did not detect H2O2 production induced by gp120 and Trx80 respectively, using our assay, however, other ROS such as hydroxyl radicals may have been generated although they were not detectable with our method. Hence, further studies are needed in order to fully understand how gp120 and Trx80 mediate their activity.
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Togher, Paul. "The temperature dependence of the gain in semiconductor lasers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/774153/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work presented in this thesis is involves two distinct topics. The first area is the main theme of the thesis, and is an investigation of the contribution made by the gain to the temperature sensitivity of long wavelength semiconductor lasers. The second topic is in a separate but related area and consists of an experimental determination of the valence band deformation potential, b, whose magnitude is found to be in good agreement with theoretical prediction. The thesis first presents an overview of the equipment used in the measurements, followed by a review of the available methods for making gain measurements on semiconductor lasers. It is concluded that the Hakki-Paoli method, in conjunction with the Cassidy method, provides the most suitable technique, but the measurement system must be very carefully set up to ensure valid results. The gain-current relationship is then measured in three quantum well lasers with 1.55μm tensile, compressive and unstrained active region respectively, and in two 1.3μm devices, with tensile and compressive quantum wells. It has been observed experimentally that the modal gain, G, varies linearly with the log of the drive current, I, in many quantum well lasers. This relationship was expressed by McIlroy as G= Go in011/0 ). It has been suggested that the strong temperature sensitivity of the threshold current in long wavelength lasers is due to strong temperature dependence of the gain characteristics. We show that the Go parameter is virtually independent of temperature in the 1.5μm devices studied, close to that expected for an ideal laser, while the 1.3μm lasers depart from the ideal case to some degree. The 1.54m devices all have a characteristic temperature, To, of = 70K, in good agreement with what would be expected if non-radiative phonon assisted Auger recombination, with an activation energy of 25meV, dominates the current. The lower To values in the 1.3μm devices of 42K and 50K respectively are consistent with an additional temperature dependence of the differential gain above that predicted in an ideal laser. In both cases it is concluded that Auger recombination makes the dominant contribution to the temperature sensitivity. In the second topic considered, photo voltage measurements are used to determine the energy splitting of the light hole and heavy hole valence subbands in a set of tensilestrained lasers. Using these measurements it is shown that a theoretical model, using the interpolated strain deformation potential determined by Krijn, gives good agreement with experiment.
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Kim, Yookyung. "Compressed Sensing Reconstruction Using Structural Dependency Models." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Compressed sensing (CS) theory has demonstrated that sparse signals can be reconstructed from far fewer measurements than suggested by the Nyquist sampling theory. CS has received great attention recently as an alternative to the current paradigm of sampling followed by compression. Initial CS operated under the implicit assumption that the sparsity domain coefficients are independently distributed. Recent results, however, show that exploiting statistical dependencies in sparse signals improves the recovery performance of CS. This dissertation proposes model-based CS reconstruction techniques. Statistical dependency models for several CS problems are proposed and incorporated into different CS algorithms. These models allow incorporation of a priori information into the CS reconstruction problems. Firstly, we propose the use of a Bayes least squares-Gaussian scale mixtures (BLS-GSM) model for CS recovery of natural images. The BLS-GSM model is able to exploit dependencies inherent in wavelet coefficients. This model is incorporated into several recent CS algorithms. The resulting methods significantly reduce reconstruction errors and/or the number of measurements required to obtain a desired reconstruction quality, when compared to state-of-the-art model-based CS methods in the literature. The model-based CS reconstruction techniques are then extended to video. In addition to spatial dependencies, video sequences exhibit significant temporal dependencies as well. In this dissertation, a model for jointly exploiting spatial and temporal dependencies in video CS is also proposed. The proposed method enforces structural self-similarity of image blocks within each frame as well as across neighboring frames. By sparsely representing collections of similar blocks, dominant image structures are retained while noise and incoherent undersampling artifacts are eliminated. A new video CS algorithm which incorporates this model is then proposed. The proposed algorithm iterates between enforcement of the self-similarity model and consistency with measurements. By enforcing measurement consistency in residual domain, sparsity is increased and CS reconstruction performance is enhanced. The proposed approach exhibits superior subjective image quality and significantly improves peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM).Finally, a model-based CS framework is proposed for super resolution (SR) reconstruction. The SR reconstruction is formulated as a CS problem and a self-similarity model is incorporated into the reconstruction. The proposed model enforces similarity of collections of blocks through shrinkage of their transform-domain coefficients. A sharpening operation is performed in transform domain to emphasize edge recovery. The proposed method is compared with state-of-the-art SR techniques and provides high-quality SR images, both quantitatively and subjectively.
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Rodgers, Peter A. "Time-dependent pulses in quantum optics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356924.
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Willis, Brandon S. "Cell-type specific activation of a Protein Kinase A inhibitory mutation in mice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5053.
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Ho, A. Y. K. "Time dependent characteristics in tablet compaction." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A single punch tablet machine has been instrumented to measure top and bottom punch force and punch displacement. A system has been developed for instrumenting rotary tablet machines using radio telemetery techniques and compared with conventional instrumentation systems. It is shown that the positioning of the measuring devices is critical for accurate measurements of forces and punch displacement. Samples of Micro crystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-102) and various grades of Lactose have been characterised and their compaction properties measured by a variety of techniques including breaking strength, changes in bed density under compaction and stress relaxation. The properties were determined using a specially constructed laboratory compaction simulator capable of reproducing compaction events typical of full scale production. It is shown that none of the conventional indices of compaction behaviour adequately predict the compaction properties of materials as described by their breaking strength: force profile. A phenomenon is described whereby the measurement of maximum force is not coincidental with the measurement of maximum punch penetration. Using model materials it is suggested that these differences are due to the visco elastic and plastic components of materials during compression. A new index - rise time - (the time between the initiation of compression and the point of maximum force application) is proposed as a useful means of predicting the behaviour of pharmaceutical solids during compression.
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Birgenheir, Denis G. "Excessive reassurance seeking as a mediator of sociotropy and negative interpersonal life events." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594488891&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Barnett, Christopher Robert. "The modulation of the hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent mixed-function oxidase system by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303233.
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ROCHA, RENATO SAYAO CRYSTALLINO DA. "A DEPENDENCY TREE ARC FILTER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35858@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A tarefa de Processamento de Linguagem Natural consiste em analisar linguagens naturais de forma computacional, facilitando o desenvolvimento de programas capazes de utilizar dados falados ou escritos. Uma das tarefas mais importantes deste campo é a Análise de Dependência. Tal tarefa consiste em analisar a estrutura gramatical de frases visando extrair aprender dados sobre suas relações de dependência. Em uma sentença, essas relações se apresentam em formato de árvore, onde todas as palavras são interdependentes. Devido ao seu uso em uma grande variedade de aplicações como Tradução Automática e Identificação de Papéis Semânticos, diversas pesquisas com diferentes abordagens são feitas nessa área visando melhorar a acurácia das árvores previstas. Uma das abordagens em questão consiste em encarar o problema como uma tarefa de classificação de tokens e dividi-la em três classificadores diferentes, um para cada sub-tarefa, e depois juntar seus resultados de forma incremental. As sub-tarefas consistem em classificar, para cada par de palavras que possuam relação paidependente, a classe gramatical do pai, a posição relativa entre os dois e a distância relativa entre as palavras. Porém, observando pesquisas anteriores nessa abordagem, notamos que o gargalo está na terceira sub-tarefa, a predição da distância entre os tokens. Redes Neurais Recorrentes são modelos que nos permitem trabalhar utilizando sequências de vetores, tornando viáveis problemas de classificação onde tanto a entrada quanto a saída do problema são sequenciais, fazendo delas uma escolha natural para o problema. Esse trabalho utiliza-se de Redes Neurais Recorrentes, em específico Long Short-Term Memory, para realizar a tarefa de predição da distância entre palavras que possuam relações de dependência como um problema de classificação sequence-to-sequence. Para sua avaliação empírica, este trabalho segue a linha de pesquisas anteriores e utiliza os dados do corpus em português disponibilizado pela Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning 2006 Shared Task. O modelo resultante alcança 95.27 por cento de precisão, resultado que é melhor do que o obtido por pesquisas feitas anteriormente para o modelo incremental.
The Natural Language Processing task consists of analyzing the grammatical structure of a sentence written in natural language aiming to learn, identify and extract information related to its dependency structure. This data can be structured like a tree, since every word in a sentence has a head-dependent relation to another word from the same sentence. Since Dependency Parsing is used in many applications like Machine Translation, Semantic Role Labeling and Part-Of-Speech Tagging, researchers aiming to improve the accuracy on their models are approaching this task in many different ways. One of the approaches consists in looking at this task as a token classification problem, using different classifiers for each sub-task and joining them in an incremental way. These sub-tasks consist in classifying, for each head-dependent pair, the Part-Of-Speech tag of the head, the relative position between the two words and the distance between them. However, previous researches using this approach show that the bottleneck lies in the distance classifier. Recurrent Neural Networks are a kind of Neural Network that allows us to work using sequences of vectors, allowing for classification problems where both our input and output are sequences, making them a great choice for the problem at hand. This work studies the use of Recurrent Neural Networks, in specific Long Short-Term Memory networks, for the head-dependent distance classifier sub-task as a sequence-to-sequence classification problem. To evaluate its efficiency, this work follows the line of previous researches and makes use of the Portuguese corpus of the Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning 2006 Shared Task. The resulting model attains 95.27 percent precision, which is better than the previous results obtained using incremental models.
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Flanigan, Ed. "An improved method for linear dependency check on paths /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1079666521&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hanna, Philip James. "Improving speech recognition through statistical modelling of context and temporal dependency." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287627.
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Windham, Gordon. "Spin dependence in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843452/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The interest of this work is to explore the spin dependent effects of projectile structure in nuclear heavy ion induced reactions. The projectiles are considered to consist of two clusters which remain inert, the intercluster wavefunctions are obtained by the use of the orthogonality condition model. Excitation to the low lying projectile states is included by the use of coupled channels calculations. The projectile excited states are included by allowing excitation in the inter cluster wavefunctions. Coupling to the excited states is performed by multipole terms arising from a single folding model, which is used consistently throughout the work. The effects of projectile excitation are considered in two areas, elastic and inelastic scattering, and transfer reactions. It is found that the inclusion of the projectile excited states has a very strong effect on the spin dependent elastic observables, in particular the vector analysing powers. In contrast to earlier analysis it is found that projectile excitation plays a dominant role in reproducing the experimentally observed vector analysing powers for the elastic scattering of 6Li from 16O and 28Si at 22.8 MeV. Projectile excitation is also seen to produce strong spin dependent effects in the elastic scattering of Li from 120Sn at 44 MeV and of 19Ffrom 28Si at 60 MeV. The inclusion of projectile excitation via CCBA calculations produces changes in the transfer cross section for the 28Si (19F, 16O)31P(1/2+ ,g.s.) reaction. The observed changes can be understood in terms of the effects of spin dependence in the reaction path. The inclusion of projectile excitation however does not significantly improve the quality of the agreement with experimental data.
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Knowles, Gareth. "The pressure and temperature dependence of vertical cavity surface emitting semiconductor lasers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250836.
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Richter, Susan. "Role of ADP-dependent glucokinase in cancer biology." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/13195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADPGK) is a novel glucose-phosphorylating enzyme that uses ADP as a phosphate donor. The mammalian gene was discovered in 2004; its sequence was found to be unrelated to ATP-dependent hexokinases, but closely related to archaeal ADPGK. Its biological role in mammals has not yet been investigated. Since cancer cells are known to be highly dependent on glycolysis, the role of ADPGK in cancer biology was evaluated. ADPGK was found to be highly expressed in cancer cell lines and human tumours, although expression in the latter was not strongly up-regulated relative to normal tissue. Unlike many glycolytic enzymes, ADPGK expression was not increased under hypoxia indicating high basal, constitutive expression. The hypothesis was investigated that ADPGK may contribute to priming glycolysis more efficiently by using ADP, thus saving ATP and supporting survival under hypoxia when cells are reliant on glycolysis as sole energy source. However, neither siRNA knockdown nor multi-allelic gene knockout (KO), achieved with custom-designed ADPGK zinc finger nucleases, led to decreased glycolysis in H460 or HCT116 cells. Forced over-expression also failed to increase anaerobic glycolysis, even when glucose phosphorylation was rate-limiting. ADPGK did not affect proliferation, but siRNA knockdown in H460 resulted in a small decrease in normoxic plating efficiency (~20%, p<0.001). A more substantial decrease (~75%, p<0.001) in clonogenic survival compared to wildtype was observed for H460 ADPGK KO cells treated with siRNA to suppress glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase 2. Anoxia (6 h) also reduced survival in H460 KOs (~50%), but hypoxia (0.2% oxygen, 72 h) failed to do so. ADPGK over-expression did not protect cells against killing by hexokinase 2 siRNA or anoxia. No phenotype was seen for ADPGK siRNA or knockout in HCT116 cells. Tumour xenografts grown from ADPGK KO and over-expressing cells were similar to wildtype in growth rates and the proportion of necrotic and hypoxic tissue. The above results support a role for ADPGK in cell survival under extreme anoxia in the anoxia-sensitive cell line H460, but not by enhancing glycolysis. The results of this thesis therefore do not support the original hypothesis. A number of hypothesis-generating preliminary studies were therefore undertaken, and suggest possible involvement of ADPGK in adenosine signalling, cell adhesion, mitochondrial metabolism, protein glycosylation and male fertility.
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Kihlström, Jofen. "Böjelser & begär : en kritik av medicinens beroendebegrepp." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book is an attempt to formulate a sociological theory of the phenomena which is otherwise known as substance abuse and substance dependency in the medical field. The first step toward such a theory is a critique of how DSM-IV presents diagnostic criteria for substance abuse and substance dependency as if these criteria are valid and reliable ways of measuring mental illness and bodily dysfunction. I point to the fact that these criteria neither are valid or reliable variables for measurement nor theoretically grounded defi nitions of the phenomena. My point is that diagnosis is an elaborate way of disguising moral judgments as medical assessments of illness or dysfunction. The second step towards the formulation of my theory goes via my empirical study of nine men and women who call themselves sex and love addicts. By conducting deep interviews with them I conclude that it is impossible to talk about sex and love addiction without constantly referring to stereotypes and widely held assumptions of alcoholics and drug addicts. Moreover it is apparent that these men and women are making moral judgments about themselves rather than pointing to some form of genuine disruption which they cannot control. From my critique and my empirical study I am able to identify a number of areas that a theory of addiction, as opposed to the medical view where this phenomena are being broken down in two sub categories (abuse and dependency), must be able to handle to explain addiction generally and specifically in relation to alcohol, drugs, sex and other forms of social deviance. A number of philosophical hallmarks of medicine is also identifi ed and seen as part of the problem, therefore I mean that a successful theory of addiction must transcend the mind body dualism of Descartes as it is a cornerstone in the medical view upon and understanding of humans. By reconstructing the habitus and field concepts in Pierre Bourdieus theory of practice I mean that it is possible to understand addiction from an action theory point of view. This discussion is also broadened by a pragmatist discussion of the mind and a neo meadian theory of the emotional self. My conclusion is that addiction can be understood and explained within an action theory which focus upon individual as well as collective action and understand this as habitual practice that is partly embodied and therefore not discursive – habits of which we cannot easily speak is seen as one of the compelling components in addiction rather than a mythical loss of control which is nowhere to be found but as a rhetoric grip stemming from the AA view upon addiction as a disease.
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Stracca, Livio. "Essays on reference dependence in macroeconomics : theory and evidence." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are indications that psychological factors and biases are gaining the centre stage of economics and finance once again, as they did during the thirties with the spreading of Keynesian ideas. Behavioural economics and finance is a booming field, if judged by the number of contributions in recent years and by its success in explaining phenomena which cannot easily find and explanation according to conventional models. Against this background, the main objective of this dissertation is to assess whether the psychological factors modelled in the behavioural finance literature, and in particular by prospect theory (Kahnerman and Tversky, 1979), can have a bearing on macroeconomic outcomes, be it prices set in large and competitive financial markets or real economic developments. In particular, in Chapter 1 I review the behavioural finance literature to see whether the 'anomalies' that this literature has identified could affect market prices. I find many examples in which it could be the case. This is particularly true for anomalies which are widespread among economic agents, for instance because of a social bias. In Chapter 2, I look at how a central bank which is characterised by reference dependence and diminishing sensitivity with respect to deviations of inflation from its target, and which weighs probabilities of uncertain events non-linearly. I find that it can behave in a way which is different from what standard models suggest, in particular by violating the certainly equivalence principle. In Chapter 3, I see how it is optimal, under quite general conditions, for a prospect theory agent to concentrate, rather than diversify risks. Finally, in Chapter 4, I show how loss and disappointment aversion may explain the equity premium puzzle if different assumptions are maintained on the representative agent's investment time horizon and reference point.
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Gray, P. L. "Biochemical and behavioural aspects of barbiturate tolerance and dependence in the mouse." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356744.
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Dent, Alan. "Using dependent-types for specifying & verifying digital systems." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282482.
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Wood, Giles David. "Control of parameter-dependent mechanical systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252135.
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Ruprecht, Peter Andrew. "Time-dependent studies of atomic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308703.
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Haghighi, Mohammed Rabbani. "The role of calcium channels and of NMDA transmission in barbiturate tolerance and dependence." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357282.
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Al-Shaghdari, Mohammed A. "The evaluation of time-dependent flow in swirl burners." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1997. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-evaluation-of-timedependent-flow-in-swirl-burners(e2caff50-bfda-4bc9-85f4-e91182d53bd7).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Swirl burners are widely used in industry. Recent environmental concerns, particularly on emissions from combustion processes, have introduced the requirement to modify these processes to reduce emissions whilst at the same time maintaining combustion efficiency. This thesis presents details of experimental and computational studies into the flowfield structures of swirl burners. Previous investigators have concentrated on the time-average flows, but it has become apparent that these are insufficient to enable pollutant emissions to be accurately predicted. Knowledge of the time-temperature and species history is needed to obtain better predictions. Pivotal to this is a detailed determination of the time-dependent structure of the flow. In this study, series of experiments were carried out at different inlet configurations and conditions. The flowrate and swirl number were varied as well as the injection mode, inlet length and exit geometry. The burner flow was characterised by measuring axial, tangential and radial velocities using a Laser Doppler Anemometer. A Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling package, FLUENT was used to produce two and three-dimensional computational models to predict the flowfield structures of the burners in isothermal and combustion cases. Four turbulence models were evaluated in the prediction: the k-e Model, the Algebraic Stress Model (ASM), the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) and the Re-normalisation Group Model (RNG). Constant velocity scaling of the 100 and 500 kW burner was examined in both experimental and computational studies. The experimental results show that the flowfield structures in both burners are nonaxisymmetric and develop three-dimensional time-dependent coherent structures in the flow. The experimental results have been compared with the computational model predictions. The comparisons reveal very good agreement between the time average measurement and the predictive values, especially downstream of the burner exit. This work was extended to investigate the following novel phenomena: a). The computational prediction of the flowfield structure was extended to include different inlet boundary conditions with both the RSM and the RNG turbulence models. The model was also extended to investigate the time-dependent flows. b). The influence of varying the inlet and exit geometries and conditions on the flow patterns and the reverse flow zone was examined in detail. A 500 kW swirl burner with scroll inlet was designed and characterized with time-dependent flows to simulate the Precessing Vortex Core. This investigation showed very good agreement with experimental velocity data with less constrained boundary conditions that had previously obtained. The time-dependent simulation was limited by the computer speed and processing capability but identified that such analysis is possible when computer power allows and has the potential to model the flow in greater detail yielding more accurate data on pollution emissions.
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Gumprecht, Daniela. "Spatial Methods in Econometrics. An Application to R&D Spillovers." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/290/1/document.pdf.
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In this paper I will give a brief and general overview of the characteristics of spatial data, why it is useful to use such data and how to use the information included in spatial data. The first question to be answered is: how to detect spatial dependency and spatial autocorrelation in data? Such effects can for instance be found by calculating Moran's I, which is a measure for spatial autocorrelation. The Moran's I is also the basis for a test for spatial autocorrelation (Moran's test). Once we found some spatial structure we can use special models and estimation techniques. There are two famous spatial processes, the SAR- (spatial autoregressive) and the SMA- (spatial moving average process) process, which are used to model spatial effects. For estimation of spatial regression models there are mainly two different possibilities, the first one is called spatial filtering, where the spatial effect is filtered out and standard techniques are used, the second one is spatial two stage least square estimation. Finally there are some results of a spatial analysis of R&D spillovers data (for a panel dataset with 22 countries and 20 years) shown. (author's abstract)Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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CRESTANA, CARLOS EDUARDO MEGER. "A TOKEN CLASSIFICATION APPROACH TO DEPENDENCY PARSING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16458@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Uma das tarefas mais importantes em Processamento de Linguagem Natural é a análise sintática, onde a estrutura de uma sentença é determinada de acordo com uma dada gramática, informando o significado de uma sentença a partir do significado das palavras nela contidas. A Análise Sintática baseada em Gramáticas de Dependência consiste em identificar para cada palavra a outra palavra na sentença que a governa. Assim, a saída de um analisador sintático de dependência é uma árvore onde os nós são as palavras da sentença. Esta estrutura simples, mas rica, é utilizada em uma grande variedade de aplicações, entre elas Sistemas de Pergunta-Resposta, Tradução Automática, Extração de Informação, e Identificação de Papéis Semânticos. Os sistemas estado-da-arte em análise sintática de dependência utilizam modelos baseados em transições ou modelos baseados em grafos. Essa dissertação apresenta uma abordagem por classificação tokena- token para a análise sintática de dependência ao criar um conjunto especial de classes que permitem a correta identificação de uma palavra na sentença. Usando esse conjunto de classes, qualquer algoritmo de classificação pode ser treinado para identificar corretamente a palavra governante de cada palavra na sentença. Além disso, este conjunto de classes permite tratar igualmente relações de dependência projetivas e não-projetivas, evitando abordagens pseudo-projetivas. Para avaliar a sua eficácia, aplicamos o algoritmo Entropy Guided Transformation Learning aos corpora disponibilizados publicamente na tarefa proposta durante a CoNLL 2006. Esses experimentos foram realizados em três corpora de diferentes idiomas: dinamarquês, holandês e português. Para avaliação de desempenho foi utilizada a métrica de Unlabeled Attachment Score. Nossos resultados mostram que os modelos gerados atingem resultados acima da média dos sistemas do CoNLL. Ainda, nossos resultados indicam que a abordagem por classificação token-a-token é uma abordagem promissora para o problema de análise sintática de dependência.
One of the most important tasks in Natural Language Processing is syntactic parsing, where the structure of a sentence is inferred according to a given grammar. Syntactic parsing, thus, tells us how to determine the meaning of the sentence fromthemeaning of the words in it. Syntactic parsing based on dependency grammars is called dependency parsing. The Dependency-based syntactic parsing task consists in identifying a head word for each word in an input sentence. Hence, its output is a rooted tree, where the nodes are the words in the sentence. This simple, yet powerful, structure is used in a great variety of applications, like Question Answering,Machine Translation, Information Extraction and Semantic Role Labeling. State-of-the-art dependency parsing systems use transition-based or graph-based models. This dissertation presents a token classification approach to dependency parsing, by creating a special tagging set that helps to correctly find the head of a token. Using this tagging style, any classification algorithm can be trained to identify the syntactic head of each word in a sentence. In addition, this classification model treats projective and non-projective dependency graphs equally, avoiding pseudo-projective approaches. To evaluate its effectiveness, we apply the Entropy Guided Transformation Learning algorithm to the publicly available corpora from the CoNLL 2006 Shared Task. These computational experiments are performed on three corpora in different languages, namely: Danish, Dutch and Portuguese. We use the Unlabelled Attachment Score as the accuracy metric. Our results show that the generated models are above the average CoNLL system performance. Additionally, these findings also indicate that the token classification approach is a promising one.
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BOUCAS, CESAR DE SOUZA. "TRANSITIONBASED DEPENDENCY PARSING APPLIED ON UNIVERSAL DEPENDENCIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36740@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Análise de dependência consiste em obter uma estrutura sintática correspondente a determinado texto da linguagem natural. Tal estrutura, usualmente uma árvore de dependência, representa relações hierárquicas entre palavras. Representação computacionalmente eficiente que vem sendo utilizada para lidar com desafios que surgem com o crescente volume de informação textual online. Podendo ser utilizada, por exemplo, para inferir computacionalmente o significado de palavras das mais diversas línguas. Este trabalho apresenta a análise de dependência com enfoque em uma de suas modelagens mais populares em aprendizado de máquina: o método baseado em transição. Desenvolvemos uma implementação gulosa deste modelo com um classificador neural simples para executar experimentos. Datasets da iniciativa Universal Dependencies são utilizados para treinar e posteriormente testar o sistema com a validação disponibilizada na tarefa compartilhada da CoNLL-2017. Os resultados mostram empiricamente que se pode obter ganho de performance inicializando a camada de entrada da rede neural com uma representação de palavras obtida com pré-treino. Chegando a uma performance de 84,51 LAS no conjunto de teste da língua portuguesa do Brasil e 75,19 LAS no conjunto da língua inglesa. Ficando cerca de 4 pontos atrás da performance do melhor resultado para analisadores de dependência baseados em sistemas de transição.
Dependency parsing is the task that transforms a sentence into a syntactic structure, usually a dependency tree, that represents relations between words. This representations are useful to deal with several tasks that arises with the increasing volume of textual online information and the need for technologies that depends on NLP tasks to work. It can be used, for example, to enable computers to infer the meaning of words of multiple natural languages. This paper presents dependency parsing with focus on one of its most popular modeling in machine learning: the transition-based method. A greedy implementation of this model with a simple neural network-based classifier is used to perform experiments. Universal Dependencies treebanks are used to train and then test the system using the validation script published in the CoNLL-2017 shared task. The results empirically indicate the benefits of initializing the input layer of the network with word embeddings obtained through pre-training. It reached 84.51 LAS in the Portuguese of Brazil test set and 75.19 LAS in the English test set. This result is nearly 4 points behind the performance of the best results of transition-based parsers.
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Milton, Robin K. "Forest dependence and participatory forest management : a qualitative analysis of resource use in southern Ghana." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297483.
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Leathley, Michael John. "An assessment of the dependence potential novel anxiolytic drugs and their effects on benzodiazepine withdrawal." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240267.
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Ophir, Adi. "Functional dependency detection: an information theoretic algorithm." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are many statistical measures of correlation, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient for real random variables, the chi-square statistic for discrete random variables, and mutual information. Most such measures are symmetric and do not allow detection of influence direction. We propose a novel information theory measure whose value indicates direction of functional dependency. The measure calculation algorithm is performed on real-valued data being quantized into bins. This quantization is a corner stone of the algorithm suggested, as it affects both the statistical significance between the variables being tested for dependency and the numeric strength of dependency.Il existe de nombreuses mesures statistiques de corrélation, tels que le Pearson coefficient de corrélation des variables aléatoires, le chi-carré pour les variables aléatoires discrètes et, finalement, l'information mutuelle. La plupart de ces mesures sont symétriques et ne pas permettre la détection d'influence. Nous proposons une nouvelle mesure de l'information-théorique dont la valeur indique la direction de le dépendence fonctionnelle. La mesure algorithme de calcul est effectué sur la valeur réelle de données quantifiées en bacs. Cette quantification est une fondation de l'algorithme proposé, car elle informe à la fois la signification statistique entre les variables et la force de la dépendance.
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Jindal, Sangita Kathleen. "Microtubules and cyclic amp-dependent regulation of granulosa cell steroidogenesis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5317.
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Hollins, Jeffrey John. "Mechanistic studies of E. coli YdiA : an ADP-dependent phosphotransferase." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PDRP is an unusual bifunctional ADP-dependent phosphotransferase involved in the regulation of C4 plant photosynthesis. Despite thirty years of research since its discovery, biophysical, kinetic, and structural characterisations have remained elusive. The discovery of a homologous protein (YdiA) in E. coli provides an unparalleled opportunity to obtain such characterisations. For the first time, YdiA has been cloned, overexpressed, and the biophysical characteristics have been determined. The protein was found to be dimeric by gel filtration, native-PAGE, and AUC. ITC was used to characterise binding affinity for the putative substrates. The protein binds in a largely temperature and pH-independent manner to ADP, AMP, phosphate, and pyrophosphate, in the uM range, with KdS of \.24 ± 0. 76, 5.23 ± l.l0, 15.54 ± 4.30, and 24.18 ± 2.70 respectively. The putative macromolecular substrate, PPS, was cloned, overexpressed, and characterised. This substrate was found to be dimeric at high concentration by gel filtration, and monomeric at low concentration by native-PAGE. YdiA was shown to interact with PPS in the presence of ATP, by gel filtration. The biophysical data for this interaction could not be obtained. Initial data using peptidcs howcver suggest that YdiA could bind to PtsI. To determine the structure of YdiA, mutagenesis, bioinformatics, and X-ray crystallography were employed; however, it was not possible to determine the structure. Finally, two new coupled assays were developed to obtain a kinetic characterisation of YdiA. This involved the cloning, overexpression, and characterisation of five genes and four proteins.
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Diaz, de Villalvilla Alexander P. E. "The role of AMP-dependent protein kinase in acute pancreatitis." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-12022008-102801/.
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Lipovka, Yulia. "Estrogen Dependent Regulation of the Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556852.
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Sex differences exist in the progression of heart disease, as premenopausal women are protected from developing severe hypertension, aortic stenosis, myocardial infarction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. The susceptibility and progression of cardiovascular disease increases in post-menopausal women. This is at least partially underlined by a pronounced decrease in circulating estrogen levels. Estradiol (E2), the most abundant estrogen in premenopausal women, is known to be cardioprotective. Recently, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a prominent player in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. AMPK is central to the energetic metabolism of the cell and is activated in response to energy deprivation. E2 has been shown to activate AMPK, by yet an unknown mechanism. The first part of this dissertation focuses on describing the molecular mechanism behind this AMPK activation. We found that E2 activates AMPK through a non- genomic pathway and involves direct interaction of classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) with the α-catalytic subunit of AMPK. These receptors also associate with the upstream kinase LKB1, which is required for E2-dependent activation of AMPK. Furthermore, the two estrogen receptors play opposite roles, where ERα increases AMPK activation, and ERβ acts as a repressor, inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation. To translate our findings to heart disease, the next step was to determine the effect of ovarian failure, underlined by E2 loss, on AMPK signaling during the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that ovarian failure decreases cardiac AMPK signaling, translating in worsening of hypertrophy. We found that the status of cardiac AMPK signaling depends on the nature of the hypertrophic stimulus and the timing of ovarian failure in relation to the onset of hypertrophy. Furthermore, we did not detect any differences in the development of cardiac hypertrophy between wild type mice and mice in ovarian failure, which most likely occur down the line. In summary we described a novel mechanism of AMPK activation by the hormone E2. We also explored the effect of estrogen loss on cardiac AMPK activity, and found that it is dependent on factors such as the pathological state of the heart and timing of the intervention. These findings add to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind sex differences in energy handling and in the future could be translated into better therapeutics for the treatment of cardiac pathologies.
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Lilly, Scott Matthew. "Protein Kinase A Alterations Following Chronic Flurazepam Treatment: Implications for Inhibitory and Excitatory Synaptic Plasticity in Rat Hippocampal CA1." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1145293063.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Medical University of Ohio, 2006."In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences." Major advisor: Elizabeth I. Tietz. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: iv, 234 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 86-95,126-135,167-174,190-232.
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Fane, Robert. "An Analysis of Substance Abusers' Field Dependence & Time Spent in Rehabilitative Therapy." TopSCHOLAR®, 1992. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This project was designed to determine if significant differences existed between the level of psychological differentiation, as determined by the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), of individuals entering a treatment center for chemical dependency and the length of stay at the facility.
The subjects consisted of 43 white males who were seeking treatment for addiction to mood altering chemicals at a regional treatment facility in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Each subject was interviewed to collect pertinent background information pertaining to past substance abuse and was evaluated to determine psychological differentiation, utilizing the GEFT.
It was determined through an analysis of variance that significant differences did not exist between individuals classified as Field Dependent or Field Independent, relative to length of stay. A post hoc analysis determined that significant differences did exist between those individuals who were categorized as Unclassified (not consistently Field Dependent or consistently Field Independent) and those categorized as Field Dependent and Field Independent.
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Phillips, Alistair F. "Temperature dependence of the radiative and non-radiative currents in visible and near infra-red semiconductor lasers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842783/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigate loss mechanisms in 1.3mum lasers and in visible lasers operating between 630nm and 690nm by measuring the change in the threshold current with temperature from 77K to 350K and with hydrostatic pressure up to 15kbar. We compare the variation of threshold current density with temperature in visible lasers with theory and find that the major loss mechanism is carrier leakage to X-minima in the cladding. This conclusion is reinforced by a simple fit to data of threshold current density against hydrostatic pressure, in which the loss mechanism is seen as an activated rate of change of with pressure process with an activation energy roughly equal to the rate at which the X-minima and F-minimum are approaching each other with pressure. It is further concluded that this leakage is not a problem at room temperature at 670nm but causes the very high threshold current density and sensitivity to temperature seen in 635nm lasers. We combine pressure and spontaneous emission measurements, the latter carried out at several temperatures above room temperature, to deduce the cause of the high temperature sensitivity of 1.3mum lasers. From measurements of the pure spontaneous emission emitted from the side of the devices or from a window etched in the substrate, we conclude that the major loss mechanism and cause of the high temperature sensitivity in 1.3mum lasers is Auger recombination. Values deduced for the thermal activation energy associated with the Auger coefficient and the variation of the threshold current with pressure indicate it is a phonon-assisted Auger process. Such a process is only weakly dependent on band structure, which explains why the temperature sensitivity in these lasers was not improved by the introduction of strain.
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Isacoff, Ehud Yeheskel. "Pattern dependence of ganglionic transmission." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75746.
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Quantal nicotinic transmission, from about half of the preganglionic inputs to the perfused rat superior cervical ganglion, was more potent and better sustained when activity was in short, high frequency bursts, rather than in continuous trains, regardless of train frequency. The advantage of short bursts was in producing post-tetanic potentiation, while limiting both depression of synaptic potential amplitude and increases in failure rate that were evident during long trains. Presynaptic bursting was also more effective in suppressing, via muscarinic and non-cholinergic mechanisms, the postganglionic cell afterhyperpolarization. This suppression allowed cells to fire at higher frequencies during bursts of depolarizing current pulses used to simulate nicotinic epsps. Burst patterning of activity was concluded to enhance ganglionic transmission via both pre and postsynaptic mechanisms. Presynaptic conduction block, possibly associated with accumulation of extracellular K$ sp+$, appeared to be partly responsible for the depression of quantal transmitter release during long trains.
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Varzinczak, Ivan. "What Is a Good Domain Description? Evaluating & Revising Action Theories in Dynamic Logic." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319220.
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Traditionally, consistency is the only criterion for the quality of a theory in logic-based approaches to reasoning about actions. This work goes beyond that and contributes to the meta-theory of actions by investigating what other properties a good domain description should satisfy. Having Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL) as background, we state some meta-theoretical postulates concerning this sore spot. When all postulates are satisfied, we call the action theory modular. We point out the problems that arise when the postulates about modularity are violated, and propose algorithmic checks that can help the designer of an action theory to overcome them. Besides being easier to understand and more elaboration tolerant in McCarthy's sense, modular theories
have interesting computational properties. Moreover, we also propose a framework for updating domain descriptions and show the importance modularity has in action theory change.
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Baicy, Kate. "Dissociation between neural processing and negative emotion in methamphetamine dependence." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666904001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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McKnight, Andrew Stewart. "Time - temperature dependent phase assemblages developed during the firing of commercial brick clays." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384849.
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Cheng, Sam Xian Jun. "Functional significance of phosphorylation of rat renal Na+,K+-ATPase by PKA and PKC /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2971-8.
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Mackwood, Andrew. "Numerical simulations of thermal processes and welding." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272572.
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Hall, Duana C. "Impact of Military Deployment on High School Dependents." Thesis, Trevecca Nazarene University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10931207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Findings in the study indicated slight differences in the resilience and academic performance of high school children who had a parent deployed with the military. Although some sample sizes were too small to calculate some statistics, it is evident that there needs to be more research to eliminate the possibility that some significances by chance. Conflict is decreasing, but there are still many military services and missions in the immediate future deserving of the Commands attention to the impact on military high school dependents during the deployment process. The academics findings of this study suggested additional research to be implemented to examine the direction of the impact of deployment on the military dependents resilience, academic performance and parent-child relationship.
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Onn, Chow Chee. "Time dependent nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280043.
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