Статті в журналах: "Apocrifo"

1

den Boeft, J., and Laura Bocciolini Palagi. "Epistolario apocrifo di Seneca e San Paolo." Vigiliae Christianae 42, no. 2 (June 1988): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1583921.

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2

Attisani, Antonio. "Acta Gnosis." TDR/The Drama Review 52, no. 2 (June 2008): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2008.52.2.75.

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In this selection from Un teatro apocrifo, Attisani goes beyond previous academic acknowledgments of Grotowski's interest in Gnostic texts, tracing the influence of key materials found in the Nag Hammadi and the significance of Gnostic belief as a secret subcurrent in the 20th-century theatrical avantgarde.

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3

Carusi, Paola. "Sirr al-ʿālamayn: un Ġazālī apocrifo o inaspettato?" Studi Magrebini 17, № 1-2 (13 грудня 2019): 32–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-12340004.

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Abstract Sirr al-ʿālamayn wa kašf mā fī’l-dārayn is a work whose attribution to al-Ġazālī has long been debated, and whose authenticity today is almost unanimously denied. In what may be considered as its second part, it contains some passages relating to alchemy and its operations that seem to be worthy of reflection. Such passages, present in a work attributed to Ġazālī, do not necessarily cast further doubts on its attribution; because if on the one hand some passages are to be considered perhaps a bit too ‘audacious’, on the other a non-negligible part of the work is dedicated to Ġazalian themes treated in a way that appears parallel to what is expressed in authentic works. After examining different arguments for and against the attribution to Ġazālī, arguments destined however to leave the question open, we realize that the Sirr being or not being a work by Ġazālī is not the most interesting thing in our research: for a historian of science, and in particular of alchemy, the main contribution of this work is in the role that it plays over time in its diffusion and among its readers: be it authentic or not authentic, this work, as attributed to Ġazālī, probably contributed to creating or consolidating the image of a Ġazālī connoisseur of alchemy and magic, and perhaps also to relating the search for transmutation to the search for God; a not insignificant circumstance, if we consider the progressive affirmation of a ‘spiritual’ reading of alchemy and transmutation.

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4

Zarzeczny, Rafał. "Pneumatologia Hierakasa z Egiptu na tle apokryficznego "Wniebowstąpienia Izajasza" i starożytnych tradycji melchizedekiańskich." Vox Patrum 49 (June 15, 2006): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.8248.

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Insegnamento di Ieraca di Leontopolis in Egitto sullo Spirito Santo, secondo un testimonio d’Epifanio, vescovo di Salamina, si richiama ad un testo apocrifo giudeo-cristiano, detto Ascensione d’Isaia, dove la Seconda Persona fu descritta come un angelo. Un alto tratto della stessa dottrina mette in rapporto lo Spirito Santo con Melchisedek, in modo che il re biblico divenne un’ipostasi dello Spirito divino. Simili ritratti si possono trovare nella letteratura cristiana anticha (Ambrosiastro, Girolamo, Cirillo d’Alessandria) ed anche quella giudaica dal periodo postbiblico (Qumran).

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5

García, Lorena Gómez, and Alberto Sabando Carranza. "Hidrocistoma apocrino." FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 18, no. 4 (April 2011): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1134-2072(11)70094-9.

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6

Teresa Ganún, María, Raúl Villa, and Daniel Ciocca. "Cistoadenoma apocrino." Piel 19, no. 4 (January 2004): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0213-9251(04)72832-4.

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7

Ruiz-Villaverde, Ricardo, Manuel Galán-Gutierrez, Husein Husein-Elahmed, and Jose María Martinez de Victoria. "Hidroadenocarcinoma apocrino." Piel 28, no. 10 (December 2013): 620–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.piel.2013.04.009.

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8

Holdridge, Jefferson, Elena Sanz Ortega, and Cristina Toledo Baez. "Apocrypha / Apocrifos." Sirena: poesia, arte y critica 2006, no. 1 (2006): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sir.2006.0052.

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9

SATO, Noriko, Akiko FUKUSHIMA, Yumiko KUBOTA, and Juichiro NAKAYAMA. "Apocrine Hidrocystoma." Nishi Nihon Hifuka 70, no. 4 (2008): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2336/nishinihonhifu.70.369.

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10

Ginarte Val, Manuel, Benigno Monteagudo Sánchez, Carmen Peteiro García, and Jaime Toribio Pérez. "Adenoma tubular apocrino." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 94, no. 1-2 (October 2003): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(03)79233-3.

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11

Monteagudo, Benigno, Iosu M. Antón-Badiola, María J. Muñoz, Carmen Paredes-Suárez, and Manuel Vázquez-Blanco. "Hidroadenoma apocrino pigmentado." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 96, no. 1 (February 2005): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(05)73034-9.

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12

Asirvatham, Jaya Ruth, Maria Monica Garcia Falcone, and Celina G. Kleer. "Atypical Apocrine Adenosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 140, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0238-ra.

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Apocrine change in the breast is an extremely common finding. In most cases, the benign or malignant nature of the lesion is easily recognized. Apocrine adenosis is used to describe sclerosing adenosis with apocrine change. The term apocrine atypia is used when there is significant cytologic atypia in apocrine cells, characterized by a 3-fold nuclear enlargement, prominent/multiple nucleoli, and hyperchromasia. Atypical apocrine adenosis is diagnosed when apocrine adenosis and apocrine atypia are superimposed. However, there are no definite criteria to distinguish atypical apocrine adenosis from apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical markers can be confounding and may lead to erroneous diagnoses. Atypical apocrine features in sclerosing lesions may be misinterpreted as invasive carcinoma if the underlying lesion is not recognized. In the absence of definite features of malignancy, the diagnosis of apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ may be extremely difficult. In the present article, we review atypical apocrine adenosis focusing on diagnostic challenges and their implications on clinical management.

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13

Trenkic, Srbobran, Vuka Katic, Mitsa Pashalina, Vesna Zivkovic, Maja Milentijevic, and Milos Kostov. "The histologic spectrum of apocrine lesions of the breast." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 1 (2004): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0401061t.

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New data on apocrine carcinoma of the breast, especially on its unusual pathogenesis, are the facts that justify this study. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological features in both benign apocrine lesions and invasive apocrine carcinomas of the breast. The following apocrine lesions were pointed out: cysts, metaplasia, adenosis, adenoma, borderline malignant lesion, intraductal carcinoma and invasive apocrine carcinoma. Surgical specimens of breast benign and malignant lesions were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin blocks and the slides were stained with HE, PAS and immuno- histochemical ABC complex methods, using primary antibodies against: p53, Ki-67, androgen receptor, and GCDFP-15. The criteria of apocrine lesions, as well as classification of apocrine carcinoma were pointed out also. In the discussion we cited literature data about incidence of apocrine lesions in the breast, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics of apocrine lesions focusing on differential diagnostic problems between apocrine and nonapocrine lesions, and benign versus malignant apocrine lesion. The authors have suggested that apocrine carcinoma represents unusual type of the breast carcinoma and which may origin from the following precancerous lesions: apocrine hyperplasia, apocrine adenosis, atypical apocrine adenosis and adenoma. Immunohistochemical markers for apocrine differentiation are: GCDFP-15 and androgen receptors. Ki-67 and p53 may be good markers for differentiation between benign and malignant breast apocrine lesions. Positively staining for androgen receptors, not only in apocrine carcinoma of the breast, but also in benign lesions, has led some authors to postulate a possible role of androgens in the stimulation of breast epithelium and the development of apocrine cells and apocrine carcinomas. However, in this stage the clinical significance remains uncertain and follow-up studies will be required to evaluate this issue.

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14

Visscher, Daniel W. "Apocrine Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Involving a Sclerosing Lesion With Adenosis: Report of a Case." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 1817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.11.1817.

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Abstract Apocrine metaplasia is a ubiquitous component of the mammary fibrocystic change spectrum. Although mostly associated with cysts, apocrine metaplasia can also present as a proliferative lesion, rarely with cytologic atypism. Apocrine atypia is characterized by 3-fold nuclear enlargement, multiple nucleoli, and hyperchromatism and generally arises in florid adenosis or radial sclerosing lesions. Dramatic apocrine atypia may be very difficult to distinguish from apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ. The latter is distinguished from apocrine atypia by greater extent of the lesion (>0.4 cm) and the presence of greater nuclear pleomorphism with nuclear membrane irregularity. The clinical significance of apocrine atypia is poorly understood and reflects the lack of published outcome studies. Herein, I report a case in which apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ presented as “atypical apocrine adenosis” in a needle core breast biopsy. It illustrates the problem of assessing apocrine atypia and apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ in small samples.

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15

YATES, A. J., and A. AHMED. "Apocrine carcinoma and apocrine metaplasia." Histopathology 13, no. 2 (August 1988): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02030.x.

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16

D'Arcy, Clare, and Cecily Quinn. "Apocrine lesions of the breast: part 1 of a two-part review: benign, atypical and in situ apocrine proliferations of the breast." Journal of Clinical Pathology 72, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205484.

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Apocrine morphology is a common phenomenon encountered in everyday breast pathology practice, and is defined as cuboidal or columnar cells exhibiting abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, prominent apical granules, a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and round nuclei with pale chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Apocrine morphology is recognised in benign, atypical and malignant lesions of the breast. The morphology of apocrine atypia and non-high-grade apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is less well defined due to the relative rarity of these lesions. In part 1 of this two-part review, we focus on the morphological characteristics of benign, atypical and in situ apocrine lesions of the breast, summarise the available data to date regarding distinction of atypical apocrine proliferations from non-high-grade apocrine DCIS and the biological significance of apocrine atypia, and provide practical guidance on handling these difficult lesions. Part 2 of this review will focus on the concept of pure apocrine carcinoma with emphasis on its definition and molecular data, including the current understanding of the molecular apocrine signature in breast carcinoma. We complete the review with a synopsis on the utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of apocrine lesions of the breast.

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17

Kito, Katsumi, Toshiharu Maeda, Keiko Ninomiya, Atsuro Sugita, Teiri Sagawa, Kinya Matsuoka, Kousei Kinoshita, Naoki Hyodo, Nagisa Morita, and Keizo Furuya. "HER2-Positive Metaplastic Spindle Cell Carcinoma Associated with Synchronous Bilateral Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast." Case Reports in Pathology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310829.

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Apocrine carcinoma, which is strictly defined as over 90% of tumor cells showing apocrine differentiation, is a rare variant of breast cancer. Here we report an uncommon case in which apocrine carcinomas developed concurrently in both breasts; in addition, a sarcomatoid spindle cell lesion was coincident in the right breast. Both apocrine carcinomas were immunohistochemically negative for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), but diffusely positive for androgen receptor (AR), GCDFP-15, and HER2. The presence of intraductal components in bilateral carcinomas and the absence of lymph node metastasis suggested that they were more likely to be individual primary lesions rather than metastatic disease. The spindle cell lesion showed a relatively well-circumscribed nodule contiguous with the apocrine carcinoma. HER2 oncoprotein overexpression was observed not only in the apocrine carcinoma, but also in the spindle cell lesion. Since the spindle cell component was intimately admixed with apocrine carcinoma and had focal cytokeratin expression, we diagnosed it as metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma, which was originated from the apocrine carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with synchronous bilateral apocrine carcinomas coinciding with metaplastic carcinoma.

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18

Segura-Sánchez, Juan, Carmen Eloy García-Carrasco, and Carlos Escudero-Severín. "Dermatofibroadenoma apocrino hemosiderótico/quiste glandular apocrino con estroma similar al dermatofibroma hemosiderótico." Revista Española de Patología 50, no. 4 (October 2017): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patol.2016.05.001.

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19

Fuehrer, Neil, Lynn Hartmann, Amy Degnim, Teresa Allers, Robert Vierkant, Marlene Frost, and Daniel Visscher. "Atypical Apocrine Adenosis of the Breast: Long-term Follow-up in 37 Patients." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0225-oa.

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Context.—Atypical apocrine adenosis is a rare breast lesion in which the cellular population demonstrates cytologic alterations that may be confused with malignancy. The clinical significance and management of atypical apocrine adenosis are unclear because of the lack of long-term follow-up studies. Objective.—To determine the breast cancer risk in a retrospective series of patients with atypical apocrine adenosis diagnosed in otherwise benign, breast excisional biopsies. Design.—We identified 37 atypical apocrine adenosis cases in the Mayo Benign Breast Disease Cohort (9340 women) between 1967 and 1991 with a blinded pathology rereview. Breast cancer diagnoses subsequent to initial atypical apocrine adenosis biopsy were identified (average follow-up, 14 years). Results.—The mean age at diagnosis of atypical apocrine adenosis in the group was 59 years. Breast carcinoma subsequently developed in 3 women (8%) with atypical apocrine adenosis, diagnosed after follow-up intervals of 4, 12, and 18 years. The tumor from 1 of the 3 cases (33%) was ductal carcinoma in situ, contralateral to the original biopsy, and the other 2 cases (66%) were invasive carcinoma. Ages at the time of diagnosis of atypical apocrine adenosis were 55, 47, and 63 years for those that developed in situ or invasive carcinoma. Conclusions.—(1) Atypical apocrine adenosis was a rare lesion during the accrual era of our cohort (<1% of cases); (2) women found to have atypical apocrine adenosis were, on average, older than were other patients with benign breast disease, however, there does not seem to be an association with age and risk for developing carcinoma in patients diagnosed with atypical apocrine adenosis, as previously suggested; and (3) atypical apocrine adenosis does not appear to be an aggressive lesion and should not be regarded as a direct histologic precursor to breast carcinoma.

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20

Benigni, Giuliana, and Francesco Squartini. "Uneven Distribution and Significant Concentration of Apocrine Metaplasia in Lower Breast Quadrants." Tumori Journal 72, no. 2 (April 1986): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168607200210.

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Two hundred human breasts removed for clinical cancer by radical mastectomy were analyzed to determine whether apocrine metaplasia and apocrine cysts have predilective sites in the four mammary quadrants. One block of tissue randomly removed for each quadrant was examined in one or more histologic sections. The results showed a concentration of apocrine metaplasia and apocrine cysts in the lower mammary quadrants (17.5% versus 8.2%), which is highly significant (x2 = 15.25; P < 0.001). The different distribution between breast cancer (showing predilection for the upper quadrants) and apocrine metaplasia is emphasized, together with the higly significant association between apocrine metaplasia and breast cancer. Based on these data, the usefulness of the clinical detection of cysts in the lower mammary quadrants and needle aspiration of their fluid for the morphologic or biochemical diagnosis of apocrine metaplasia in the screening and management of women at risk is suggested.

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21

Wader, Jyotsna V., Akash Jain, Suresh J. Bhosale, Pandurang G. Chougale, and Sujata S. Kumbhar. "Apocrine Carcinoma of Breast: A Case Report with Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Pathology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/170918.

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Apocrine carcinoma is a very rare form of breast malignancy with an incidence of <1% of female invasive breast carcinoma. We report a case of apocrine carcinoma in a 42-year female with marked adenosis showing apocrine metaplasia and discuss the criteria to diagnose apocrine carcinoma with the emerging concept of androgen receptor positivity with its implication on treatment and management of the patient.

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22

DE FONTAINE, S., J. VAN GEERTRUYDEN, and E. VANDEWEYER. "Apocrine Hidrocystoma of the Finger." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 2 (April 1998): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80199-x.

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An apocrine hidrocystoma occurring on the finger of a 55-year-old man is reported. The lesion presented as a solitary, painless cystic nodule on the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx of the index finger. Apocrine hidrocystoma is a benign tumour developed from apocrine sweat glands, but the location of the lesion was, however, not consistent with reported locations of apocrine glands in the adult.

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23

D'Arcy, Clare, and Cecily M. Quinn. "Apocrine lesions of the breast: part 2 of a two-part review. Invasive apocrine carcinoma, the molecular apocrine signature and utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of apocrine lesions of the breast." Journal of Clinical Pathology 72, no. 1 (November 13, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205485.

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Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast is rare and has been defined by using a combination of morphologic (apocrine morphology in >90% of tumour cells) and immunohistochemical criteria (oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative and androgen receptor (AR) positive). Recent advances in the molecular classification of breast tumours have uncovered a subset of breast tumours associated with high expression of androgen receptor mRNA including the so-called ‘luminal androgen receptor (LAR) tumours’ and ‘molecular apocrine tumours’ (MATs). Recognition of these tumour subsets has opened potential avenues for therapies exploiting the AR pathway in triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC). In this second part of our two-part review, we focus on the definition of pure apocrine carcinoma, recent advances in understanding the molecular apocrine signature in breast carcinoma, its relationship to pure apocrine carcinoma defined at the level of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the therapeutic implications of androgen expression in TNBC. We complete the article with a summary of the utility of IHC in stratifying apocrine lesions of the breast.

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24

Wu, Shang-Yen, Jin-Wei Huang, Yuan-Chieh Lee, Fang-Ling Chang, Ming-Hsun Li, and Nancy Chen. "Apocrine Hidrocystoma with IgG4 Plasma Cell Infiltration Presenting as Recurrent Chalazion: A Case Report." Medicina 58, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070840.

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Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic tumors resulting from apocrine sweat glands’ proliferation. They typically present as solitary, slow-growing nodules at the head and neck, especially in the periorbital cutaneous region. We present a case of periorbital apocrine hidrocystoma in a 22-year-old woman that was treated as chalazion previously. Besides the hallmark histopathological findings of apocrine hidrocystoma, IgG4 plasma cell infiltration of the cystic wall was also found. The ratio of IgG4-to-IgG-positive plasma cells was high, whereas serum IgG4 was within the standard limit. This is, to date, the only probable IgG4-related ophthalmic disease associated with apocrine hidrocystoma.

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25

C. A., Shashirekha, Krishnaprasad ., Sandeep Reddy, Sreeramulu P. N., Pramod T., Ravi Kiran, and Deepthi R. "Diagnostic dilemma in skin adnexa malignancy: a rare case report with review of literature." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 5 (April 21, 2018): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181618.

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Apocrine malignancies are rare to occur. Axilla and the anogenital skin are the most common sites of primary tumour. Apocrine malignancy carries high risk of lymphatic and vascular spreading to lung, liver and bone. A 40 years old painter, presents with diffuse swelling and pain in the left lower limb up to left inguinal region since 5 to 6 months. With generalised lymphadenopathy. On evaluation, revealed adenocarcinoma of apocrine, skin adnexa in the extremities of the limb with extensive distant metastasis. Apart from Dermatologists other board specialty consultant should be aware of the possibility of apocrine adenocarcinoma while differentiating cutaneous tumor located in the extremities. Apocrine malignancy should be treated aggressively with wide local excision or amputation the involved part for improving the life expectancy. Since prevalence of apocrine malignancy are rare, and it is associated with increased mortality, it provoke us the field of research for discovering other modalities of treatment.

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26

Oeyen, Jan Philip, Patrice Baa-Puyoulet, Joshua B. Benoit, Leo W. Beukeboom, Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Anja Buttstedt, Federica Calevro, et al. "Sawfly Genomes Reveal Evolutionary Acquisitions That Fostered the Mega-Radiation of Parasitoid and Eusocial Hymenoptera." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 7 (May 22, 2020): 1099–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa106.

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Abstract The tremendous diversity of Hymenoptera is commonly attributed to the evolution of parasitoidism in the last common ancestor of parasitoid sawflies (Orussidae) and wasp-waisted Hymenoptera (Apocrita). However, Apocrita and Orussidae differ dramatically in their species richness, indicating that the diversification of Apocrita was promoted by additional traits. These traits have remained elusive due to a paucity of sawfly genome sequences, in particular those of parasitoid sawflies. Here, we present comparative analyses of draft genomes of the primarily phytophagous sawfly Athalia rosae and the parasitoid sawfly Orussus abietinus. Our analyses revealed that the ancestral hymenopteran genome exhibited traits that were previously considered unique to eusocial Apocrita (e.g., low transposable element content and activity) and a wider gene repertoire than previously thought (e.g., genes for CO2 detection). Moreover, we discovered that Apocrita evolved a significantly larger array of odorant receptors than sawflies, which could be relevant to the remarkable diversification of Apocrita by enabling efficient detection and reliable identification of hosts.

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27

Pinheiro, Jorge Adriano Ferreira, and José Manuel Pedrosa Baptista Lopes. "Periocular Sebaceous Carcinoma With Apocrine Differentiation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 27, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896918816806.

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A 61-year-old man presented with a dome-shaped tumor in the right eyelid. Histology revealed a cutaneous neoplasm with lobular growth pattern. It was composed of large basaloid cells, cells with sebaceous differentiation, and glandular structures with apocrine features. The immunohistochemical study revealed diffuse expression of CK7, EMA, and androgen receptors in the neoplastic cells. Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 highlighted the luminal cells, consistent with apocrine differentiation. These findings fit with a sebaceous carcinoma with focal glandular apocrine differentiation (“sebo-apocrine” carcinoma). Metastasis to regional lymph nodes were diagnosed 12 months after the surgical procedure. After 3 years of follow-up, the patient is alive, with evidence of persistent locoregional metastasis, but no evidence of distant metastasis. Most cutaneous adnexal tumors present only one cell type of differentiation, but hybrid/combined tumors can occur. Despite “sebo-apocrine” tumors are not unexpected, due to their common origin in the follicular-sebaceous apocrine unit, they are very rarely reported.

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28

Karahan, S., D. Yildiz, and D. Bolat. "Scanning electron microscopic features of the ovine interdigital sinus." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.55.2007.4.1.

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This article describes the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) features of the ovine interdigital sinus. The lumen was filled with a dense secretory material and quite a number of hairs embedded in the luminal content. For SEM purposes, the sinus was divided into three parts: base, body and neck. At the cut surface, the wall exhibited significant folds which were almost absent in the base, the very short blind end of the sinus. The wall had three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule. Stratified epithelium with a prominent keratin layer faced the lumen. The inner surface was similar to the skin surface; however, it was coarser due to folds. The fibrous capsule was composed mainly of dense connective tissue, constituting the outermost layer of the wall. The dermis contained common skin structures including sebaceous glands, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles and apocrine glands. Sebaceous glands appeared as groups of bubbles if they were not collapsed. Apocrine glands generally appeared as a group of coiled tubules. They frequently exhibited apocrine blebs, which is a feature of apocrine secretion. SEM was able to locate some secretory vesicles in the lumen of apocrine tubules which is frequently filled by secretory content. Thus, the apocrine tubules exhibited classical features of apocrine secretion.

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29

Poli, Pier Paolo, Luca Creminelli, Valeria Moramarco, Alessandro Del Gobbo, Franco Ferrante, and Carlo Maiorana. "Diagnostic Workup and Treatment of a Rare Apocrine Hidrocystoma Affecting the Oral Mucosa: A Clinical and Histological Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9382812.

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Apocrine hidrocystomas are rare benign cystic tumors originating from the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence currently available reporting the presence of apocrine hidrocystomas in the oral cavity. Therefore, this case report aims to describe the clinical and histological features of an apocrine hidrocystoma affecting the oral mucosa. A 69-year-old male patient presented with a 1-year history of a solitary, well-circumscribed, submucosal mass in the left posterior buccal mucosa. The clinical examination revealed a yellowish soft, fluctuant, and painless lesion with no clinical signs of erythema or ulcerations of the overlying epithelium. The entire lesion was excised and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of apocrine hidrocystoma. No recurrence was observed after a 1-year follow-up.

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30

García Hernández, Felip, Enric Piqué Durán, and Miquel Casals Andreu. "Hidrocistoma apocrino sobre nevus sebáceo." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 94, no. 1-2 (October 2003): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(03)79237-0.

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31

Torres Fuentes, Carlos Eduardo, Claudia Bolaños Arturo, Giovanni Montealegre, and Marian Rolón. "Acrospiroma apocrino en la mano." Piel 27, no. 5 (May 2012): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.piel.2010.12.020.

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32

Lusini, Gianfrancesco. "Gli Atti apocrifi di Marco." Aethiopica 12 (April 7, 2012): 7–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.12.1.92.

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The apocryphal Acts of Mark (Gädlä Marqos) were translated from Greek in Ethiopic in the last years of the reign of ʿEzana, between 360 and 370. They are transmitted only by two manuscripts: EMML 1763, ff. 224–227 (=A), dated 1336/37 or 1339/40 and pub-lished by Getatchew Haile, “A new Ethiopic version of the Acts of St. Mark (EMML 1763, ff. 224r–227r)”, Analecta Bollandiana, 99, 1981, pp. 117–134; and Pistoia, Biblioteca Forteguerriana, ms. Martini etiop. n. 5 (= Zanutto n. 2), ff. 82–89 (= B), 18th–19th cent., recently discovered (G.L., “I codici etiopici del Fondo Martini nella Biblioteca Forte-guerriana di Pistoia”, Aethiopica, V, 2002, pp. 156–176, pp. 171–175). A new critical edition of the text of Gädlä Marqos is given here, together with a study of the Christian Ethiopian literature of the Axumite age.

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Bommakanti, Janardhan, and Mahjabeen Salma. "Apocrine hidrocystoma." Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2, no. 1 (2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2349-6029.160988.

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34

Fukuda, Michio, Haruhisa Kato, and Toshio Hamada. "Apocrine Hidrocystoma." Journal of Dermatology 16, no. 4 (August 1989): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01271.x.

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35

Polat, M., M. Dikilitaş, A. Gözübüyükoğullari, and N. Alli. "Apocrine chromhidrosis." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 34, no. 7 (October 2009): e373-e374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03327.x.

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36

Kim, Joong Hwan, Hoon Hur, Chang Woo Lee, and Young Tae Kim. "Apocrine nevus." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 18, no. 3 (March 1988): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(88)80291-3.

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37

MORI, OSAMU, HIROSHI HACHISUKA, and YOICHIRO SASAI. "APOCRINE NEVUS." International Journal of Dermatology 32, no. 6 (June 1993): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02821.x.

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38

Shah, Aadarsh, Zoi Tsianou, Ravi Suchak, and Jack Mann. "Apocrine Chromhidrosis." American Journal of Dermatopathology 42, no. 10 (June 17, 2020): e147-e148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000001712.

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39

Sakamoto, Fumiko, Masaaki Ito, Shinsuke Sato, and Yoshio Sato. "Basal cell tumor with apocrine differentiation: Apocrine epithelioma." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 13, no. 2 (August 1985): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(85)70174-0.

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40

Pasquale-Styles, Melissa A., and Clara Milikowski. "Three-Millimeter Apocrine Adenoma in a Man: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-1498-taaiam.

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Abstract We describe a rare case of apocrine adenoma of the breast in a 45-year-old man. The patient presented with a tender lump in his left breast that had been present for 6 months. A mammogram identified a 3-mm nodular density in the breast, which was described as a hypoechoic nodule on ultrasound. Microscopic examination of tissue from an excisional biopsy revealed a 3-mm group of benign glands with abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm and apical luminal blebbing, consistent with an apocrine adenoma. After reviewing other reported apocrine adenomas in the literature, we determined that our case was the smallest detected apocrine adenoma to be reported to date.

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41

Salama, Mohamed E., Muhammad Azam, Chan K. Ma, Adrian Ormsby, Richard J. Zarbo, Mahul B. Amin, and Min W. Lee. "Chondroid Syringoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-986-cs.

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Abstract Context.—Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a benign cutaneous adnexal tumor with epithelial and stromal components. Epithelial components derived from folliculo-sebaceous-apocrine germ are evident in apocrine but not in eccrine CS. Objectives.—To further characterize pilosebaceous differentiation and to identify the presence of Merkel cells in the areas of follicular differentiation. Design.—Histologic type, folliculo-sebaceous differentiation, character of stroma, and presence or absence of Merkel cells by cytokeratin (CK) 20 immunoreactivity were evaluated in 25 CSs (22 apocrine and 3 eccrine) from the surgical pathology files of Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit, Mich). Results.—Most CSs occurred in the head and neck region of patients aged 40 years or older. We found no significant difference in sex, age, or location between apocrine and eccrine types. The stroma varied from myxoid (100%) to chondroid (59%), with various amounts of fat (59%) and ossification identified in 2 cases (9%) of apocrine type, but was homogeneously myxoid in the eccrine type. Follicular and sebaceous differentiation was found in 64% and 32% of apocrine CSs, respectively. Only 2 (14%) apocrine CSs with follicular differentiation were positive for CK20 (a few scattered cells in one case and numerous grouped cells in the other in association with follicular epithelium). No correlation was found between type of stroma and the presence of Merkel cells. Scattered Merkel cells were identified in 83% of normal hair follicles and in 33.3% of normal epidermis. Conclusion.—A high proportion of apocrine CSs show folliculo-sebaceous differentiation. The presence of Merkel cells in foci of follicular differentiation of CS supports the hypothesis that Merkel cells may be an integral constituent of follicles. To our knowledge, the presence of Merkel cells in CS, particularly in proliferative form, has not been described previously in the literature.

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Moon, Chang-Hwan, Hyun-Ah Min, Hae-Beom Lee, Seong-Mok Jeong, and Dae-Hyun Kim. "Retroperitoneal Metastatic Apocrine Gland Ductal Adenocarcinoma in a Beagle Dog." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050234.

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Tumors of sweat glands usually originate from apocrine glands and can develop throughout the body but are rare in dogs. This report describes the retroperitoneal metastasis of primary cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma. An 8-year-old, spayed female beagle dog, weighing 11.7 kg, presented with a history of anorexia, hypodynamia, and weight loss. Clinical examination, radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography revealed a skin mass on the dorsum of the right metatarsal region, an enlarged ipsilateral popliteal lymph node, and a retroperitoneal mass. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the popliteal lymph node suggested metastasis of an apocrine sweat gland tumor. Surgical excision of the skin mass, popliteal lymph node, and retroperitoneal mass was performed. The retroperitoneal mass was diagnosed as a metastasis of primary cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 but negative for cytokeratin 20 and S100 proteins. There were no postoperative complications, except for temporary hindlimb edema, including local recurrence or metastasis, in the 6-month postoperative follow-up period. This case illustrates that although malignant apocrine gland tumors are rare in dogs, a wide resection of primary cutaneous apocrine gland adenocarcinomas is recommended because of the risk of local invasion or distant metastasis.

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Hohšteter, Marko, Ivan-Conrado Šoštarić-Zuckermann, Ivana Mihoković Buhin, Lidija Medven Zagradišnik, Branka Artuković, Ana Beck, and Andrea Gudan Kurilj. "Expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67 in canine apocrine and sebaceous gland tumors." Veterinarski arhiv 91, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.0778.

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A histopathological analysis of 13 apocrine gland tumors and 22 sebaceous gland tumors in dogs was performed, which were submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. An association between the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67, the type, and the biological behavior of the tumors was investigated. The mean age of dogs with apocrine gland tumors was 10.15 years, and 10.91 years for sebaceous gland tumors. According to the histopathological analysis, 53.8% carcinomas and 46.2% adenomas of the apocrine glands were found. In the sebaceous gland tumors, epitheliomas were dominant (50.0%), followed by adenomas (36.4%) and carcinomas (13.6%). Survival time in dogs with sebaceous gland tumors was shortest in patients with diagnosed epitheliomas, intermediate in adenomas, and longest in carcinomas. The incidence of metastases was low in the groups with sebaceous adenomas and epitheliomas, and recurrence was most common in carcinomas. The average survival time was about the same for apocrine gland adenomas and carcinomas, with a higher incidence of metastases and recurrence for carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin and Ki-67 expression confirmed the efficiency of this method for the accurate histological classification of apocrine and especially sebaceous gland tumors. The analyzes performed showed that the location and intensity of E-cadherin expression can be helpful in predicting the biological behavior of sebaceous gland tumors. In contrast to sebaceous gland tumors, the analysis of apocrine gland tumors showed that there was no correlation between E-cadherin expression and the biological behavior of apocrine gland tumors.

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44

Gianotti, Raffaele, Antonella Coggi, and Elvio Alessi. "Cutaneous Apocrine Mixed Tumor: Derived From the Apocrine Duct of the Folliculo-Sebaceous-Apocrine Unit?" American Journal of Dermatopathology 20, no. 3 (June 1998): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-199806000-00024.

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45

Morimoto, Y., and K. Saga. "Proliferating cells in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, no. 12 (December 1995): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.12.8537637.

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Morphological observations of sweat glands showed degenerated debris of secretory cells in the secretory lumen in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. This suggested that dead secretory cells of human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands were released into the lumen and replaced by other cells. However, we did not know which type of cells replaced lost secretory cells. Therefore, we studied the proliferating cells in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands by labeling S-phase cells in vitro with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and by immunostaining proliferation-associated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody. BrdUrd and anti-PCNA antibody labeled a few secretory cells in eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, but neither method labeled myoepithelial cells. Luminal and peripheral cells of the eccrine and apocrine coiled duct were labeled with both BrdUrd and PCNA. However, we could not find any highly proliferative germinative cells in coiled ducts. Our results suggest that lost secretory cells could be replaced by proliferation of secretory cells themselves rather than by proliferation of myoepithelial cells or duct cells.

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46

Pieper, Jason B., Adam W. Stern, Suzette M. LeClerc, and Karen L. Campbell. "Coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 and 14, vimentin, and Bcl-2 in canine cutaneous epithelial tumors and cysts." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 27, no. 4 (July 2015): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638715594115.

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Forty-seven canine cutaneous epithelial tumors and cysts were examined to determine coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 (CK7) and 14 (CK14), vimentin, and Bcl-2 using commercially available antibodies. Within non-affected normal skin adjacent to tumors or cysts, CK7 expression was observed in luminal cells in apocrine glands; CK14 expression was observed in the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, basal layer of outer root sheath, sebaceous glands, and myoepithelial cells of apocrine glands; vimentin expression was observed in dermal papilla and scattered non-epithelial cells within the epidermis; and Bcl-2 expression was observed in scattered non-epithelial cells in the epidermis and some apocrine glands. The pattern of expression of CK7 and CK14 in cases of adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland of the anal sac (CK7+/CK14–) and hepatoid gland tumors (CK7–/CK14+) may prove useful for diagnostic purposes. Loss of expression of CK14 and vimentin, identifying myoepithelial cells, was observed in apocrine and ceruminous adenocarcinomas. Differences in patterns of expression of Bcl-2 were observed between infundibular keratinizing acanthomas compared to trichoepitheliomas.

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47

Kvasnička, Aleš, David Friedecký, Alena Tichá, Radomír Hyšpler, Hana Janečková, Radana Brumarová, Lukáš Najdekr, and Zdeněk Zadák. "SLIDE—Novel Approach to Apocrine Sweat Sampling for Lipid Profiling in Healthy Individuals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158054.

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We designed a concept of 3D-printed attachment with porous glass filter disks—SLIDE (Sweat sampLIng DevicE) for easy sampling of apocrine sweat. By applying advanced mass spectrometry coupled with the liquid chromatography technique, the complex lipid profiles were measured to evaluate the reproducibility and robustness of this novel approach. Moreover, our in-depth statistical evaluation of the data provided an insight into the potential use of apocrine sweat as a novel and diagnostically relevant biofluid for clinical analyses. Data transformation using probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN) significantly improved the analytical characteristics and overcame the ‘sample dilution issue’ of the sampling. The lipidomic content of apocrine sweat from healthy subjects was described in terms of identification and quantitation. A total of 240 lipids across 15 classes were identified. The lipid concentrations varied from 10−10 to 10−4 mol/L. The most numerous class of lipids were ceramides (n = 61), while the free fatty acids were the most abundant ones (average concentrations of 10−5 mol/L). The main advantages of apocrine sweat microsampling include: (a) the non-invasiveness of the procedure and (b) the unique feature of apocrine sweat, reflecting metabolome and lipidome of the intracellular space and plasmatic membranes. The SLIDE application as a sampling technique of apocrine sweat brings a promising alternative, including various possibilities in modern clinical practice.

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48

Touimi, S. H., D. N’chiepo, I. Mbarki, H. Elkacemi, S. Elmajjaoui, T. Kebdani, N. Benjaafar, et al. "Apocrine Carcinoma of Breast in a Male Patient: Case Report." Tumori Journal 106, no. 1_suppl (April 2020): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300891620914132.

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Introduction: Apocrine carcinoma of breast is a rare type of malignant tumor, the incidence of which varies between 0.3 - 0.4 % of all female breast cancers.Apocrine carcinoma is exceptional in male patients and very few cases have been described in literature. This tumor shows distinct microscopic and immunohistological features. We report an exceptional observation of apocrine carcinoma of breast in a man. Patient and observation: He’s a 54 years old man who had for 2months a painless nodule at the left axillary..The patient had family history of breast and prostate cancers. Physical examination revealed a left axilary lymphadenopathy movable relative to superficial and deep plans with no evidence mass of breasts. MRI of the breast was performed and revealed a mass that was 38 x 10 mm in size.A biopsy of the lymphadenopathy was performed. It objectified a carcinomatous proliferation. An immunohistochemical study showed that tumor cells express Her 2, but do not express estrogenic and progesterone receptors. A tumorectomy of the left breast was performed and didn’t show any malignant lesion of the breast. The axiler dissection of 13 lymphnodes showed 11 metastatics ones with 3 breaking capsular. The diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma of the breast was made in despite of the result of the tumorectomy. The CT did not indicate metastasis. The patient was administered adjuvant chemotherapy then he received radiation therapy on left susclavicular, axila and breast with a total dose of 42Gy,15 fractions of 2.8 Gy on 21 days with no late effects. 1 year of trastuzumab was administrated. There was no recurrence or metastasis approximately 2 years after radiation therapy. Then the patient presented a susclavicular lymphnode that was comfirmed on the pet-scanner with multiple mediastinal lymphnodes. A biopsy of the susclavicular lymphnode comfirmed the progression of the disease. The patient started chemotherapy in association with pertuzumab and trastuzumab. Discussion: Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare malignant tumor whose incidence varies between 0.3% and 4% of all female’s breast cancer and represents 0.5 % of all invasive breast cancers. This tumor is exceptional in men. Indeed, only a dozen cases have been described in the literature . Most neoplasms are slowly progressive, small in size, and are most frequently seen in the axilla. They can be recurrent and metastasize to the lymph node, lung, and bone. Male patients have been advanced disease at presentation compared to women which may be due to lack of public awareness of breast cancer in male. Histologically, it has glandular structures with apocrine features and decapitation secretions. There is cytoplasmic PAS positivity of the tumor cells. The presence of neoplastic glands high in the dermis and immediate subepidermis favors the primary origin of tumor cells from apocrine sweat glands. Apocrine adenocarcinomas are positive for cytokeratins, carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) . Usually, these tumors do not express the estrogen receptor-alpha, progesterone receptors and bcl-2. Apocrine adenocarcinoma has poor prognosis and the prognostic factors include size, histological type, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. The 10-year disease free survival rate in the absence of metastasis to the lymph nodes is 56%. Treatment protocols of apocrine carcinoma are similar to non apocrine carcinoma of breast. However studies involving the use of anti androgens are in progress. The treatment of choice is wide local excision with clear margins, with or without regional lymph node dissection. The role of radiation therapy also remains uncertain in the absence of clinical trials. No clear correlation between treatment modality and recurrence in apocrine carcinoma was apparent, and survival rates of apocrine carcinoma were not different from other breast carcinomas. Conclusion: In conclusion, male apocrine carcinoma is a very rare, unique and morphologically-distinctive, invasive ductal carcinoma.. Although immunohistochemical staining might show differences in males, the prognosis is not different from other breast carcinomas. It has different hormonal profile, androgen receptor positivity makes patient with apocrine carcinoma eligible for targeted therapy.

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Jaworski, Janek, and Aaron Harper. "Managing canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma." Companion Animal 27, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2021.0074.

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Canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma represents a common challenge for veterinary practitioners. This is often partly because the majority of animals diagnosed with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma show no systemic signs at the time of presentation. Moreover, rectal examinations are not frequently performed during routine physical examinations, making it difficult to diagnose a mass at an early stage. An understanding of the disease process, common metastatic sites, diagnostic modalities and multimodal treatment approaches will help practitioners achieve better clinical outcomes for animals diagnosed with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, knowledge of prognostic indicators will help practitioners to set realistic expectations with their clients and improve clinician–client communication. This article focuses on the predisposition, staging, multimodal treatment therapies and outcomes of dogs presenting with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma.

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Miyamoto, T., K. Adachi, and M. Fujishima. "Axillary apocrine carcinoma with Paget’s disease and apocrine naevus." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 34, no. 5 (July 2009): e110-e113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03175.x.

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