Дисертації з теми "Aphasie bilingue"
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1
Ezzedine, Nour. "Exploration de la relation entre le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle des langues dans l'aphasie bilingue." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU20113.
Анотація:
La production orale bilingue fait appel à des mécanismes de contrôle qui sont impliqués dans la gestion des interférences causées par la coexistence de deux systèmes linguistiques (Green, 1986). Il est supposé que ces mécanismes de contrôle sont perturbés chez des personnes bilingues présentant une aphasie (Green, 1986 ; Pitres, 1895). Ce constat a été établi par l’observation de la manifestation clinique de l’aphasie bilingue : certains modes de récupération non parallèle ou la présence de code-switchings involontaires et pathologiques (Paradis, 1977). L’objectif de notre étude est d’explorer la relation entre le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle des langues constatée chez les bilingues aphasiques et d’en déterminer la nature. Dix-neuf sujets ont participé à notre étude : 10 patients bilingues aphasiques et 9 participants contrôles appariés selon l’âge, le niveau d’étude et le bilinguisme. Tous les participants sont bilingues francophones (L2) avec des L1 variables. Nous avons utilisé un questionnaire évaluant le bilinguisme (dominance, efficience et habitudes d’utilisation du code-switching avant la lésion cérébrale), des tâches évaluant les trois composantes de fonctions exécutives de nature verbale et non verbale et trois épreuves évaluant le contrôle des langues : le discours, les fluences verbales et l’évaluation des compétences translinguistiques.Des analyses de groupes mettent en évidence une différence entre les deux groupes de participants aux épreuves évaluant le contrôle cognitif de nature verbale uniquement ainsi qu’aux épreuves évaluant le contrôle des langues (fluences verbales et compétences translinguistiques). Ces résultats suggèrent une dissociation entre les deux domaines du contrôle chez les patients bilingues aphasiques. Toutefois, l’analyse des profils individuels de chaque patient souligne l’importance de nuancer ces résultats et de prendre en compte les modes de récupération des patients, la sévérité de l’aphasie et les habitudes prélésionnelles de code-switching. Cette thèse permet de formuler des perspectives de recherche clinique visant à améliorer l’étude du contrôle des langues chez des patients cérébrolésés en phase aiguë et élaborer des interventions fondées sur des preuves empiriques et adaptées au profil des patientsIn bilingual oral production different control mechanisms are involved in managing interference caused by the coexistence of two linguistic systems (Green, 1986). It is assumed that these control mechanisms are disrupted in bilingual aphasia (Green, 1986; Pitres, 1895). This has been established through observation of the clinical manifestation of bilingual aphasia revealing the presence of non-parallel recovery patterns or involuntary and pathological code-switching (Paradis, 1977). The objective of our study is to explore the relationship between cognitive control and language control observed in bilingual aphasia, as well as to determine its nature. Nineteen subjects participated in our study: 10 bilingual aphasic patients and 9 control participants matched on age, level of education and bilingualism. All participants were bilingual L2 French speakers with different L1s. As for the material, a questionnaire was used to assess bilingualism (dominance, proficiency and code-switching habits before the brain lesion), while the three components of the executive functions were assessed through verbal and non-verbal tasks. Moreover, language control was evaluated through speech, verbal fluency and cross-language skills. Group analyses revealed a difference between the two participant groups in tasks assessing verbal cognitive control and in tasks assessing language control (verbal fluency and cross-language skills). These results suggest a dissociation between the two domains of control in bilingual aphasic patients. However, the analysis of individual patient profiles underlines the importance of qualifying these results and taking into account the patients’ recovery patters, the severity of the aphasia as well as the code-switching habits prior to lesion. The present thesis allows us to formulate perspectives for clinical research improving the study of language control in acutely brain-injured patients and to develop interventions based on empirical evidence and adapted to the patient’s profile
2
Muñoz, Maria Lucia. "Picture naming and verification in aphasic and neurologically normal bilingual speakers of Spanish and English /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008401.
3
Rhéaume, Agathe. "Bilingual aphasia : efficacy and generalization of bilingual therapy." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61335.
Анотація:
The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of bilingual therapy on the naming skills of a bilingual aphasic patient. The nature of the word-finding difficulties of a French-English bilingual aphasic subject was assessed. Theory-based anomia therapy was administered to the patient first in English and then in French to explore within- and across-language treatment effects. General language skills were also assessed before and after therapy. Results revealed significant improvement in naming of treated words, but very limited generalization to untreated items in only one of the languages. Transfer of therapy effects from treated to untreated language was not observed. Findings are discussed in relation to the efficacy of bilingual therapy; implications for models of bilingual lexical organization are considered.
4
Davies, Nia Wyn. "Deep dyslexia in bilingual aphasic patients." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43050.
Анотація:
The present thesis concerns the acquired reading disorder of deep dyslexia. Semantic errors (semantic paralexias) in reading aloud (e.g. reading 'ring' as 'wedding' or 'ruler' as 'rubber') constitute the cardinal symptom of deep dyslexia. Semantic errors of oral reading by aphasic patients have been said to be comparatively rare in languages with a shallow (transparent) orthography (e.g. Spanish and Italian). Miceli et al. (1994) argued in relation to reading aloud and writing that 'transparent orthographies are relatively protectedfrom the production o f semantic paralexias and paragraphias' (p.331). Thus the first part of the thesis reports a series of investigations of this claim in three bilingual readers of two orthographies, one deep, one shallow, namely English and Welsh. On a picture naming task, each of the three brain damaged patients made a similar proportion of semantic errors in the two languages as expected. However, contrary to the predictions of Miceli et al. (1994), in oral reading of the corresponding words no patient produced proportionally more semantic errors in English than in Welsh. Indeed, two of the patients made proportionally more semantic errors in Welsh. Therefore the findings of this thesis do not support the view that semantic errors are rare in a shallow orthography. It was concluded from the data that the patients could be considered deep dyslexic in both Welsh and English. Regression analyses revealed that age of acquisition influenced the production of semantic errors in Welsh reading for all three bilingual deep dyslexic patients and in English reading for two of the patients. This supports others findings (e.g. Gerhand & Barry 2000) that age of acquisition is the most salient factor that predicts a participant's response. The data were also in agreement with the viewpoint expressed by Morrison and Ellis (1995), among others, that a major component of what has been reported in the literature as frequency effects in lexical processing is in fact due to a confound with age of acquisition, as frequency was not found to exert an independent effect on the patients' responses. The semantic errors generated by the patients were earlier acquired, more frequent and were shorter in length than the target words to which the errors were made, supporting Gerhand and Barry's (2000) finding. Studies of bilingual aphasia considering the cognate status of words are extremely rare. It was examined whether cognate status influenced the accuracy of the patients' naming and reading responses. However, when the cognate items were removed from the analysis, it had little effect on the findings from the multinomial regression. No cognate facilitation effect was found in either language. The majority of theories of deep dyslexia attribute the occurrence of semantic errors to a lack of sub-lexical phonological ability. However, Katz and Lanzoni (1992) and Buchanan et al. (1994) claim that at least some deep dyslexics patients are sensitive to implicit phonological information. The second part of this thesis examined phonological decoding ability in deep dyslexia using pseudohomophones as stimuli. Implicit phonological ability was found in terms of the Stroop effect (increased reaction times to incongruent stimuli compared to congruent stimuli) using pseudohomophones but no effect was found with orthographically controlled nonwords. Patients were also significantly better at reading pseudohomophones than orthographic controls and showed the standard 'pseudohomophone effect' (extended reaction times) in lexical decision. However, no evidence o f semantic priming using pseudohomophones was found in the three deep dyslexics, even though the control participants did show an effect with the same priming stimuli as was used with the patients.
5
Hughes, Emma Kate. "Bilingual lexical processing : evidence from picture naming and translation in aphasic and non-aphasic speakers." Thesis, Bangor University, 2016. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bilingual-lexical-processing(4e26973a-a21f-4613-bb2b-4403c07d5d26).html.
Анотація:
The question of how words from different languages are represented and accessed in bilingual speakers is the focus of much debate in the psycholinguistic literature. In this thesis, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the processes that underlie naming and translation abilities in bilingual speakers. Our goals were 1) to clarify the role of cognateness across tasks, languages and populations in relation to interactive activation models of bilingual lexical production and 2) to evaluate models that posit direct lexical links between words in two languages by examining the extent of semantic involvement across tasks. These questions were studied by collecting converging evidence from younger and older neurologically healthy participants and from brain-damaged participants with word finding deficits. The key results are as follows: 1) In healthy participants, robust cognate facilitation effects were present across tasks, languages and age groups. 2)Cognate effects were stronger in translation than in naming in healthy participants. 3)In aphasic participants, a consistent cognate advantage was observed when naming pictures in the weaker language, but less so when naming pictures in the strongest language or in translation. 4) Treating words in one language generalised to cognate words, with some generalisation to untreated tasks. 5) Aphasic participants produced fewer semantic errors in translation than in naming. Overall, this study clarifies the role of cognateness in bilingual language production. It is the first to examine cognateness effects in a within-subject design, using the same stimuli across tasks and participant groups in an attempt to resolve some of the inconsistencies in prior research, which may be related to variations in experimental protocols across studies. It is also the first to use converging evidence from aphasia in an integrated study. Our findings support interactive activation models of the bilingual lexicon and dual-route models of translation.
6
Roberts, Jennifer Rhiannon. "Cross-linguistic treatment generalisation in Welsh-English bilingual aphasia." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/crosslinguistic-treatment-generalisation-in-welshenglish-bilingual-aphasia(b6314245-b33d-4622-a0ed-0b5aba9e384e).html.
7
Ogrodnik, Giselle. "The Impact of Aphasia on Working Memory in Bilingual Adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1546.
Анотація:
The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the effects of aphasia on working memory (WM) in bilingual adults. Available research supports the notion that there are strong positive correlations between WM capacity and language function in monolingual adults with aphasia and that aphasic adults' ability to comprehend language may be predicted by WM capacity. The relationship between WM capacity and auditory comprehension, as measured by the Token Test, was investigated in bilingual adults with and without aphasia. Additional areas of investigation included examination of the influence of aphasia on bilingualism and language proficiency as measured by differential performance in both languages on the Boston Naming Test (BNT); relationships between severity of aphasia, as measured by the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT); and WM, as measured by listening span. Sixteen participants between the ages of 26 and 91 were included in this study (mean age for women was 61.3; men was 52.8; 37% of the sample population was male, 63% was female). Eight participants were non-aphasic bilingual adults, the remaining 8 participants were bilingual aphasic adults. Results of the study indicated that both groups yielded relatively equivalent findings for the two languages on WM measures. Highly significant and strong positive correlations were observed between WM and auditory comprehension for both groups in both languages. There were no significant differences between English and Spanish results relative to auditory comprehension in the group with aphasia. There was, however, more variability on the BNT for the group with aphasia. Moreover, a significant difference between English and Spanish on the BNT was observed for the non-aphasic group. Significant relationships were found between language proficiency and aphasia severity for both languages; however, no significant differences were found between English and Spanish on the BAT. Nonetheless, moderate to strong positive linear relationships were observed between WM and aphasic severity (BAT) and strong positive relationships were found between language proficiency and aphasia severity for both languages for the group with aphasia. In conclusion, results suggest that the impact of bilingualism on WM for aphasic adults may be similar to what has been observed for monolingual aphasic individuals. Further research is needed relative to the nature of WM in bilingual adults with aphasia.
8
Jodache, Sara Elyse. "Exploring the Insiders’ Experience of Language Assessment of Bilingual Samoan-English Speakers with Aphasia: "it's hard"." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9042.
Анотація:
Background: The Samoan population is a growing population and one with an estimated high incidence of aphasia. Language assessment with bilingual individuals is said to be a challenging area of Speech-Language Therapy practice. Language assessment of bilingual Samoan-English speakers with aphasia is a field with limited research, and the specific experience of the individuals involved is an important factor to consider in improving SLT practice with this population.
Aims: The current thesis aimed to explore the experience of language assessment of bilingual Samoan-English speakers with aphasia as perceived by those involved in the assessment process.
Method: Two qualitative studies were utilised to address the aims, the first was a single case study observing the process of language assessment of a bilingual Samoan-English speaker with aphasia and follow-up interviews with other participants involved. The second study was a focus group with Speech-Language Therapists who had experience with language assessment of bilingual Samoan-English speakers with aphasia.
Outcome and results: The results of the case study revealed eight themes: language assessment of bilingual Samoan-English speakers with aphasia is a hard process for the individuals involved; language assessment of bilingual Samoan-English speakers with aphasia is a team process; differences in understanding of communication impairments and the assessment process; time; preparation; appropriateness of assessment tasks, resources, and processes; uncertainty; and flexibility. The results of the focus group indicated eight categories: Speech-Language Therapists’ background, using interpreters, family involvement, Samoan language and culture, getting an initial impression of and building rapport with the individual with aphasia, assessment tasks and resources, determining which language(s) to assess and logistics of assessment.
Conclusion: Language assessment of bilingual Samoan-English speakers with aphasia is a challenging area of Speech-Language Therapy practice. Challenges are multifaceted and although some challenges may be present in all language assessment with individuals with aphasia, they are further exacerbated by the addition of multiple languages, people, and culture. Helpful strategies identified in this study may aid in improving the overall experience.
9
Croft, Stephen. "Word-finding Difficulties in Bilingual Aphasia : Implications for Speech Language Therapy." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522909.
10
Massina, Catherine. "L'impact du bilinguisme dans la sémiologie aphasique des bilingues créole et français guadeloupéens." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T228.
11
Atapattu-Bakmeewewa, Dinushee. "Lexical retrieval in bilingual Sinhala-English and monolingual Sinhala healthy speakers and speakers with aphasia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21630/.
Анотація:
When language breakdown subsequent to neural injury occurs, an apparent disruption of language production skills follow. This is particularly evident in the major grammatical classes of nouns and verbs. This deficit could be selective, effecting either nouns or verbs or both in asymmetrical severity, in selected language modalities or at varied linguistic complexity (i.e. naming vs. connected speech). In bilinguals, these selective disassociation may manifest in equal or varying degrees across the languages known. This is influenced by the differences in the linguistic structure of the bilinguals’ languages. The need for language and culture specific assessment tool and data is therefore critical. This three-phase cross sectional exploratory study aimed to compare word retrieval skills in monolingual and bilingual people with aphasia (PwAs) post stroke. Investigated here are specific language populations of Sri Lanka; Sinhala monolingual (ML) and Sinhala- English bilingual (BL) healthy speakers and PwAs who have not been studied to date. In the first phase, the study adapted test tools and material published in English and develops some other stimuli anew, to gather data from healthy adults. This data was then used as a normative baseline against which 26 PwAs in the said populations were assessed in the second and third phases of the study. The subsequent data compared word production performances between and within the language conditions in the ML and BL groups, across word classes and language tasks. It is anticipated that the findings of this study would contribute towards the cross-linguistic database on aphasia in bilingual speakers and particularly towards developing an evidence-based research and clinical platform for bilingual PwAs in Sri Lanka.
12
Neffati, Hammadi. "Översättning och anpassning av Kortfattad Afasiprövning till arabiska : Jämförelse med arabiska Bilingual Aphasia Test och självskattad språkförmåga." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119101.
Анотація:
With the growing amount of citizens with another mother tongue than Swedish, the need for assessment instruments in other languages than Swedish within the Swedish health care increases. To enable this, the knowledge of multilingualism and adequate assessments are required. The aim is to develop a modern Arabic version of a screening material that is comparable to what is used in the Swedish clinic in the assessment of people diagnosed with aphasia. In the present study, Short Aphasia Examination (Kortfattad Afasiprövning), which is one of the few screening material is available in Swedish and among the ten most frequently used assessment materials (Blom Johansson, Carlsson & Sonnander, 2011). Translation and adaptation was made to the Standard Arabic (KAPARABISKA) and Arabic dialect of Hadari (KAPHADARI). The results were also compared with the participants' self-rated language abilities. The study is also implementing a comparison between KAP and the Hadari Arabic screening version of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT). The translated assessment materials were tested on six participants, where five had Arabic as their mother tongue and one participant had Arabic and Swedish as mother tongues. The result indicates that the Arabic versions of KAP and BAT are assessing the language ability of the participants almost equally, but that KAP is assessing reading and writing abilities on a higher difficulty. The KAP assessments were conducted during half as long time as BAT. Both the KAP assessments and the BAT assessment identified participants with limited literacy skills, which indicates the importance of inquiring the patient’s education level to avoid false interpretation of the results.Antalet människor som är utlandsfödda ökar i Sverige. Detta kan leda till att allt fler människor som insjuknar i afasi har ett annat modersmål än svenska och med detta följer behovet av undersökningsmaterial och kunskap om flerspråkighet. Syftet är att utarbeta en arabisk version av ett modernt screeningmaterial, som är jämförbart med vad som används i svensk klinik vid bedömning av nyinsjuknade personer med afasi. I föreliggande studie användes Kortfattad Afasiprövning (KAP), som är ett av få screeningmaterial som finns på svenska och bland de tio mest använda bedömningsmaterialen (Blom Johansson, Carlsson & Sonnander, 2011). Översättning och anpassning gjordes till klassisk arabiska (KAPARABISKA) och hadaridialekt (KAPHADARI). Resultatet jämfördes även med deltagarnas självskattning av språkförmågor. Efter översättnings- och anpassningsarbetet testades och jämfördes alla bedömningsmaterialen på sex stycken deltagare, av vilka fem hade arabiska som modersmål och en hade svenska och arabiska som modersmål. Resultatet visade att de arabiska versionerna av KAP och BAT bedömde språkförmågorna hos samtliga deltagare på ett likvärdigt sätt, men att KAP bedömer vissa språkliga förmågor med en högre svårighetsgrad. KAP tog ungefär hälften så lång tid att genomföra än BAT. Båda bedömningsmaterialen identifierade deltagare med begränsad läs- och skrivförmåga vilket visades i intervjun och självskattningen. Patientens skolgång bör därför efterfrågas för att undvika feltolkning av resultat.
13
Ozaeta, Carmina. "Development of the Tagalog Version of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5364.
Анотація:
There has been limited research done in the Philippines in the area of aphasia, a frequent concomitant symptom of strokes and presents as impairment in any area of the input and output of language. Diagnosis is generally conducted by clinicians based on sites of lesion of speakers with aphasia and clinical observations of language symptoms and unpublished translation of the WAB. The lack of relevant research and formal assessment tools in the Philippines motivated this current study. The development of this type of assessment battery for the Tagalog (pronounced /təˈɡɑːlɒɡ/ in English) speaking population will provide a means for differential diagnosis of acquired neurogenic communication disorders. The goal of this study is to develop a Tagalog version of the Western Aphasia Battery – Revised (WAB-R; Kertesz, 2006). The WAB-R was chosen as the basis for the development of the T-WAB-R due to the researched, validated and standardized nature of the battery for use with assessing the severity and type of aphasia through score profiles. This battery provides clinicians with a comprehensive evaluation of language skills in English and is projected to do the same in Tagalog. Given the lack of normative data on the Tagalog speaking population on this test, the current study establishes the normative data of the T-WAB-R from native speakers of Tagalog, encompassing external factors of gender (e.g. male and female) and stratified into three age groups (e.g., 20-39; 40-60; 61+ years old). A full-scale development of the battery will provide a means for differential diagnosis of acquired neurogenic communication disorders in the Tagalog-speaking population.ID: 031001504; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Anthony Kong.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 26, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-72).
M.A.
Masters
Communication Sciences and Disorders
Health and Public Affairs
Communication Sciences and Disorders
14
Fenu, Angela Maria <1984>. "Effects of treatment provided in both languages to a bilingual Sardinian-Italian speaker with aphasia: A case study." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14076.
Анотація:
The majority of people in the world speak more than one language, thus language and communication disorders among multilingual population is an increasing phenomenon. As a consequence, the interest in bilingual aphasia and in its recovery represents nowadays an important line of research. Nevertheless, little is known about the best practices for language and communication therapy in bilingual aphasia, since research in this field is still at an early stage. Among the various theories, it seems no longer acceptable that bilingual or polyglot aphasics are assessed and treated in only one of the languages they know, even if this is still the tendency that appears to be the most common. This is due to several reasons. One is the idea according to which bilingual therapy might lead to increased mixing and/or switching phenomena, determining confusion in the patient and the possibility of repressing the recovery of one language. Another reason, is the restricted availability of multilingual speech-language pathologists and bilingual co-workers as a support during the therapy sessions.
Following the call for more reflection on bilingual aphasia in different languages, the current study aims to determine whether all languages spoken by an aphasic prior to a brain damage should be assessed and treated and if treatment conducted in all languages may facilitate the recovery.
This paper reports the effects of treatment provided in both languages to a bilingual Sardinian-Italian speaker male with aphasia, who had suffered two strokes in 2015 and 2017, respectively. The therapy sessions were mediated by a bilingual co-worker, since no bilingual speech-language pathologists were available. Despite patient’s first-language was Sardinian, previous therapy following the first stroke was provided exclusively in L2 (Italian), mainly because this is the language spoken by most of the people in the region (Sardinia) where the patient has been living since his birth and in which it is not easy to find bilingual Sardinian-Italian speech-language pathologists.
Pre-treatment assessment on the BAT, conducted after the second stroke, showed an almost equal impairment in both languages known by the patient, while the results of post-treatment assessment showed a mild improvement of oral expression in Sardinian. Nevertheless, in the informal context
of the therapy sessions and domestic environment, concurrently with the progression of treatment, the patient’s performance in oral production appeared to be characterized by a higher level of accuracy than the one observed during the assessment on the BAT. What was observed is that he improved significantly better in Sardinian than in Italian (differential recovery), showing thus a partial recovery in at least one of the languages known before the brain damage. A similar outcome wasn’t reached when treatment was provided exclusively in one language (Italian). In that case, only auditory comprehension significantly recovered in both Italian and Sardinian and to the same extent, while the spontaneous speech output didn’t show any significant improvement in either language known.
The results of this study confirmed the prediction according to which bilingual population with aphasia should receive a comparable assessment in all languages spoken prior to onset of symptoms, in order to determine the degree of impairments in either language, which is in turn the fundamental prerequisite to plan an adequate treatment. Another assumption proved to be exact, namely that treatment should be offered to all affected languages, since a therapy that purposely focuses on one language excluding the other might deprive bilingual aphasics of the possibility to reach a satisfying recovery.
15
Kwon, Hygine. "Generative naming in Korean-English bilingual speakers and assessment tests for Korean-English bilingual speakers with aphasia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25901.
Анотація:
This present study aimed to: 1) Update and expand the data pool of normal Korean-English speaker’s generative naming task from previous data in Food, Clothes, and Animal categories, 2) analyze the relationship between language proficiencies and total number of words and different categories, and 3) provide easier means of testing Korean-English bilinguals with aphasia through translated standardized tests such as Aphasia Language Performance Scale (ALPS) and Boston Naming Test (BNT). Five additional subjects were added to 25 participants from Kim (2010). The participants were asked to name as many different items as possible in 60 seconds in Food, Clothes, and Animal category in both English and Korean. The participants generated more items in Korean than in English. A significant negative correlation was observed between number of words generated in Korean and Korean proficiency and between number of category doublets produced and language proficiency difference scores. A significant positive correlation was observed between number of words generated in English and English proficiency. Large differences in the number of words generated were observed between the participants assessed and participants from Kim (2010), indicating education level and field of study impacts generative naming ability.text
16
Gray, Teresa. "Inhibitory control mechanisms in linguistic and non-linguistic contexts in bilingual aphasia." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/13649.
Анотація:
In this project we examine mechanisms of linguistic and non-linguistic control in bilingual patients with aphasia for evidence of domain general cognitive control or domain specific cognitive control on tasks of low complexity and high complexity. Participants include 13 bilingual adults with aphasia and 20 neurologically healthy bilingual adults who are matched on age, years of education and measures of language experience. All participants completed two linguistic control tasks and two non-linguistic control tasks. Results from healthy controls and patients with less severe language impairment revealed that mechanisms of control do not overlap (i.e., indicative of domain specific cognitive control) on low complexity tasks, but do overlap (i.e., indicative of domain general cognitive control) on high complexity tasks, suggesting that as task demands increase, control mechanisms engage. In contrast, for patients with more severe language deficits, results revealed that control mechanism do not overlap on low or high complexity tasks, suggesting that (a) as task demands increase, linguistic and non-linguistic control mechanisms do not engage, thus they function differently compared to healthy participants and less severely impaired patients, and (b) there is a possibility that because patients with severe language deficits have difficulty with accessing lexical representations, this language impairment may supersede their ability to engage in linguistic control.2017-10-27T00:00:00Z
17
Scimeca, Michael D. "Factors affecting outcomes for semantic feature analysis treatment in post-stroke bilingual aphasia." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41990.
Анотація:
The aims of this study were to determine if various treatment, item, and patient-level factors could be used to predict probe naming accuracy in a bilingual Spanish-English SFA treatment study. At the treatment-level, variables included phase (baseline vs. treatment), training condition (trained set 1 items vs. translations), and time (session). At the item-level, psycholinguistic variables were investigated including lexical frequency, phonological length in phones, and phonological neighborhood density. Finally, at the patient-level, impairment measures were used including aphasia severity (as measured by WAB AQ) naming impairment (represented by a composite naming score from pre-treatment assessments). Mixed-effects logistic regression methods were used to fit the data with fixed effects for the variables of interest as well as random effects for subject and item. The regression analyses revealed significant main effects of phase, time, and interactions with training condition such that naming accuracy on probes was higher for the treatment language during the treatment phase and over time in general. Significant effects were also noted for each of the psycholinguistic variables such that increased frequency, shorter length, and a larger neighborhood increased the likelihood of correct naming responses. Finally, overall aphasia severity and naming impairment both correlated with naming outcomes.
18
Huang, Chun-zhen, and 黃春偵. "A Study of the Bilingual Aphasics of Taiwanese and Mandarin." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39344403909751778053.
Анотація:
碩士靜宜大學
英國語文學系
87
Abstract Keywords: bilingual aphasic, Taiwanese, Mandarin, treatment language, speech therapy, bilingual, auditory comprehension, oral expression, bilinugalism In Taiwan, most bilingual aphasics were the bilinguals of Taiwanese and Mandarin. According to patient*s necessity and language ability postonset, the speech therapist would pick a language as treatment language, Mandarin or Taiwanese. All subjects in this study had accepted the speech therapy in Mandarin. They heard Taiwanese at home, with Mandarin, because all subjects* family members were also bilingual of Mandarin and Taiwanese. In the results of the Taiwanese test, first, we found that most subjects had better auditory comprehension than oral expression in Taiwanese. Second, we found that most subjects used Mandarin when they didn*t use the words they needed in Taiwanese. This thesis starts from talking about bilingualism to the bilingual aphasics. The methods employed in this thesis include participant observation of language and language assessment in Taiwanese. The literature review in this thesis includes the theories about bilingualism, bilingual aphasics and some studies of bilingual or trilingual cases. In this thesis, the bilinguals of Taiwanese and Mandarin of normal people and aphasics both are important points in literature review, because those bilingual aphasics usually have clear mind. We have to know about normal bilinguals in order to understand more about bilingual aphasics. We believe that in this way, bilingual aphasics help us to know them more.
19
Barrett, Katherine. "The influence of pre-stroke proficiency on post-stroke lexical semantic performance in bilingual aphasia." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30914.
Анотація:
The objectives of this study were to examine if pre-stroke proficiency predicts post-stroke lexical semantic performance in Spanish-English bilingual persons with aphasia (PWA) and identify patterns of impairment in this population. A language use questionnaire was administered to 27 Spanish-English bilingual PWA to measure pre-stroke proficiency in both languages. Standardized language assessments in Spanish and English were administered to measure post-stroke lexical semantic performance in both languages. A principal component analysis was conducted on the language use questionnaire measures, revealing Daily Usage, Education, Exposure, and Language Ability Rating as factors that contribute to a person’s proficiency in their first language (L1), and Age of Acquisition, Daily Usage, Family Proficiency, Education, Exposure, Confidence and Language Ability Rating as factors that contribute to a person’s proficiency in their second language (L2). Regression analyses revealed that pre-stroke proficiency significantly predicted post-stroke lexical semantic performance, most strongly in English than in Spanish. Two distinct patterns of impairment emerged within the participants: parallel impairment and differential impairment. Overall, these results confirm that pre-stroke language proficiency is a key determiner of performance on standardized language assessments post-stroke, such that the higher proficiency pre-stroke, the higher performance on standardized tests post stroke. This pattern was more clear when English was L1 or L2 relative to when Spanish was L1 or L2. These results have important implications for assessment and diagnosis of aphasia in bilingual individuals particularly when clinicians need to select the language of assessment.
20
Rao, Leela A. "Verbal fluency as a measure of lexico-semantic access and cognitive control in bilingual aphasia." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31113.
Анотація:
The research on bilingual language processing explores two main avenues of relevance to the present study: lexico-semantic access and cognitive control. Lexico-semantic access research investigates the manner in which bilingual individuals retrieve single words from their lexical system. Healthy bilingual individuals can manipulate their lexico-semantic access to accommodate settings in which code- or language-switching is expected. Alternatively, they can manipulate their lexico-semantic access to speak only their first (L1) or second (L2) languages. Cognitive control, also known as executive functioning, is closely related to lexico-semantic access. Specifically, bilingual individuals maintain and switch between their languages through a mechanism known as cognitive control. Both cognitive control and lexico-semantic access are important for language processing in healthy bilingual individuals as well as bilingual persons with aphasia (BPWA). However, the extent to which BPWA utilize each of these processes in the production of single words is still unknown. The present study used a method of verbal fluency in the form of a novel modified category generation task to assess the relative contributions of lexico-semantic access and cognitive control in bilingual healthy controls and BPWA.
21
Fredman, Marion. "The effects of therapy, given in another language, on the home language of the bilingual or polyglot adult aphasic." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17779.
22
Carpenter, Erin A. "Varying degrees of cognitive control and its impact on lexical access during verbal fluency tasks in bilingual persons with aphasia." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42059.
Анотація:
BACKGROUND: Different interactional contexts which bilingual speakers encounter place different demands of cognitive control on language processing (Green & Abutalebi, 2013: Adaptive Control Hypothesis; Green, 1998: Inhibitory Control Model). However, how varying cognitive control demands impact lexical access in bilingual persons with aphasia (BPWA) remains unclear. Verbal fluency tasks may provide valuable insights into the interplay between cognitive control and lexical access in BPWA by addressing word generation abilities in language contexts that exert varying degrees of cognitive control effort.
AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the performance of BPWA on a semantic category generation task that requires word retrieval in single- and dual-language contexts with varying cognitive control demands and a traditional letter fluency task in single-language contexts. Associations between verbal fluency performance and (i) language use history, and (ii) performance on standardized measures for both BPWA and healthy bilinguals were also examined.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty-three Spanish-English BPWA and twenty-two Spanish-English healthy bilinguals completed a language use questionnaire, verbal fluency testing and standardized language assessments in each language. The semantic category generation task included four conditions: two conditions examined word retrieval in the first-acquired language (L1) and second-acquired language (L2) in single-language contexts (No Switch-L1 and No Switch-L2) and two conditions elicited word retrieval in dual-language contexts (Self-Switch and Forced-Switch) with low and high cognitive control demands by allowing or restricting switching across languages. The letter fluency task was administered in single-language contexts only (F, A, S for English and P, M, R for Spanish). Verbal fluency performance was compared across conditions and groups using multivariate analyses. Further, correlational analyses were used to examine associations between verbal fluency tasks and bilingual language history and performance on language measures.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Overall, the healthy bilinguals outperformed BPWA both in terms of number of correct responses and proportion accuracy across all conditions of the two verbal fluency tasks. However, similar patterns of performance arose when examining performance of the two groups separately. Such that both groups showed reduced performance in the FS condition relative to other conditions (NS-L1, NS-L1, and SS for the healthy bilinguals and SS for the BPWA). However, the BPWA appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of increased cognitive control on lexical access relative to healthy bilinguals, as they also showed reduced performance in the NS-L2 condition compared to the SS condition. Additionally, healthy bilingual produced larger average cluster sizes, number of clusters, and number of switches than BPWA across both verbal fluency tasks. Finally, BPWA and healthy bilinguals’ performance on both verbal fluency tasks was associated with metrics of bilingual language history and language measures. Additionally, for BPWA, verbal fluency performance was associated with measures of cognitive and executive function.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that verbal fluency tasks can help characterize the impact of cognitive control on lexical access in BPWA in single- and dual-language contexts with important clinical implications.2022-02-16T00:00:00Z