Дисертації з теми "Antibiotic management"
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Ansari, Faranak. "Evaluation and management of hospital antibiotic use." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/917390eb-a8ea-477a-8cc8-58b6babac813.
Повний текст джерелаDhillon, Harpal. "Medicines management strategies to improve antibiotic prescribing." Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/18791/.
Повний текст джерелаBergfeldt, Vendela. "Microbes that never sleep : A multidisciplinary study of the antibiotic resistance management in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30623.
Повний текст джерелаHiliare, Sheldon. "Impact of Manure Land Management Practices on Manure Borne Antibiotic Resistant Elements (AREs) in Agroecosystems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102218.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy
Rising global antibiotic resistance cause concerns over sources and pathways for the spread of contributing factors. Most of the antimicrobials used in the U.S. are involved in veterinary medicine, especially with livestock rearing. Overuse of antibiotics that are medically important to human medicine compromises the effectiveness of our medicines. Animal manure contains antibiotic resistant elements (AREs) such as resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antibiotics) that contribute towards resistance issues. Once these AREs enter the environment, they can be taken up by crops, runoff into surface water or leached into ground water, or even reside within the animal products we consume. Altering manure application techniques is beneficial for nutrient conservation but also potentially for reducing ARE spread. With our research, we compared manure application methods, manure application seasons, cropping systems, and manure-rainfall time gaps to find ways to balance the need for manure application and the spread of resistance. We used two field-scale rainfall simulation studies along with one laboratory study. Overall, using the injection method resulted in significantly lower concentrations of manure associated AREs entering surface runoff. When manure was surface applied and rainfall occurred 7 d after application, less resistant fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) entered surface runoff when compared to the 1 d time gap for broadcast methods. Within a day of manure application, antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in soil began to differ from each other and soil ARG totals in all manure applied soil increased compared to the background. Runoff from injection plots contained more soil ARGs and runoff from surface applied plots containing more manure associated ARGs. The subsurface injection method also caused highest antibiotic concentrations in the injection slit soil of those plots. High antibiotic concentrations in samples generally meant high concentrations of resistant FCB and ARGs, and resistant FCB were also found with their associated ARGs as well. A CRISPR-Cas12a assay for quantification of ARGs in environmental samples was just as precise as conventional methods. There is also potential for onsite detection. These combined results can hopefully help farmers improve manure management practices that mitigate spread of AREs to surrounding water, crops, and soil.
Alahmadi, Yaser Masuod. "Management of antibiotic use and infection-related issues in clinical practice." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598027.
Повний текст джерелаCazares, Robert. "Pneumonia antibiotic timing within six hours after arrival and mortality rates." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523080.
Повний текст джерелаPneumonia is a serious clinical problem with associated high mortality and morbidity. It can be potentially life threatening in the elderly and in patients with other comorbid diseases. Its clinical spectrum ranges from rapid resolution of symptoms to severe medical complications and death.
At least 1.2 million people are admitted to the hospital with pneumonia each year in the United States, and approximately 10% of these patients will die within 30 days of admission. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the majority of pneumonias respond well to treatment, but the infection kills 40,000–70,000 people each year. Given its public health significance, pneumonia has been the target of quality improvement activities for nearly 2 decades. This began with the publication of clinical practice guidelines in the early 1990s, was followed by a series of statewide and national quality improvement initiatives, and more recently has included public reporting and pay-for-performance programs led by the Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and other payers. The aim of the study was to examine the association of antibiotic timing and reduced mortality. Data from a retrospective cohort of 550 patients hospitalized and discharged with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia was collected from a community hospital located in Southern California. It was hypothesized that antibiotics administered within the first six hours of hospital arrival for patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of pneumonia is associated with decreased inpatient mortality. It was noted that this association was not supported.
Dickson, Catherine. "The Management of Gonococcal Infections and the Development and Use of Treatment Guidelines." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34862.
Повний текст джерелаKyu, Pye. "Antibiotic Use by Members of the American Association of Endodontics: A National Survey for 2009- A Follow up from the Report in 1999." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2006.
Повний текст джерелаBerge, Anna Catharina Björnsdotter. "Spatial, temporal and management-specific factors influencing antibiotic resistance and carbohydrate fermentation patterns in bovine enteric Escherichia coli and the clinical consequences of limiting antibiotic use in pre-weaned calves /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаDegree granted in Comparative Pathology. Library does not have original title page. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
McKay, Rachel Margaret. "In search of improved approaches to antibiotic stewardship : can we explain variations in physician practice patterns related to outpatient infection management?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63396.
Повний текст джерелаMedicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
Rosa, Regis Goulart. "Impacto da aderência ao programa de controle de antimicrobianos na mortalidade de pacientes com neutropenia febril." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53148.
Повний текст джерелаEmpirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobial is part of the initial management of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). Enough evidence on which antibiotics schemes should be initially prescribed already exists; however, no randomized study has evaluated whether adherence to antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) results in lower rates of mortality from this syndrome. In the present prospective cohort study performed in a tertiary hospital, from October 2009 to August 2011, we evaluated the impact of adherence to ASP, measured by initial antimicrobial prescribing, in mortality of 295 episodes of FN (in 145 adults) that required intravenous inpatient treatment. After multivariate analysis through Cox regression, including other predictors of mortality, adherence to ASP proved to be an independent protective factor for death 28 days after the beginning of the episode of FN (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.11 to 0.72). The risk factors found to noncompliance to ASP were presence of hypotension (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.63), diarrhea (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.66 to 2.73), perianal pain (RR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.82), suspected source of infection in oral cavity (RR, 2.45; 95% CI 1.75 to 3.43) and cutaneous manifestations of infection (RR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.81 to 3.04). The choice of antimicrobial is particularly important in the initial management of patients with fever in the presence of neutropenia; the adherence to ASP, which calls for rational use of antibiotics, was effective in reducing mortality during the course of the disease. The presence of signs or symptoms that demand changes in the initial therapy poses risks to nonadherence to the antimicrobial management program.
Denholm, Rachael Ann. "Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance from 1994 to 2011 and Exploring Farm Management Practices Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella on U.S. Beef Feedlots." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492702064126336.
Повний текст джерелаFomenky, Bridget. "Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota by two direct fed microbials and their efficacy as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoter use in calf management operations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34456.
Повний текст джерелаL’usage des produits microbiens administrés directement (aussi appelés probiotiques) gagne de l’intérêt comme alternative à l’utilisation des antibiotiques comme promoteurs de croissance dans les élevages. Cependant, très peu d’informations existent quant à l’influence des probiotiques sur la modulation du microbiote gastrointestinal et la réponse immunitaire innée chez le veau laitier. Les objectifs de cette thèse visaient à (1) Étudier l’effet de Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 ou de Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM 1- 1079 sur les constituants sanguins, biochimiques / chimiques du sang. (2) Déterminer les mécanismes potentiels d’une réponse immunitaire renforcée de Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 et de Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM 1-1079. (3) Déterminer comment Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 ou Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM 1-1079 modulent la composition de la communauté microbienne GIT de veau par séquençage de nouvelle génération de la région V3-V4 du gène ARNr 16S. (4) Comparer l'efficacité de ces deux DFM avec la tetracycline-néomycine, un promoteur de croissance antibiotique. Quatre traitements ont été distribués aléatoirement à 48 veaux âgés de 2 à 7 jours (n=12). TÉMOIN : lactoremplaceur (LR) suivi d’une moulée de démarrage (MD); SCB) TÉMOIN + Saccharomyces cereviseae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 [7,5 × 108 unités formatrices de colonie (CFU)/L de LR + 3 × 109 CFU/kg de MD]; LA) TÉMOIN + Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 (2,5 × 108 CFU/L de LR + 1 × 109 CFU/kg de MD); ATB) TÉMOIN + traitement antibiotique composé de chlortétracycline (528 mg/L de LR + 55 mg/kg de MD) et de néomycine (357 mg/L de LR). Les animaux ont été élevés selon les procédures d’élevage conventionnelles pendant les 96 jours de la période expérimentale. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés de la veine jugulaire à différents moments pendant les périodes de pré-sevrage (jours 1 à 42), de sevrage (jours 43 à 53) et de post-sevrage (jours 54 à 96). Aux jours 33 et 96 dans chacun des groupes, 4 veaux ont été euthanasiés afin de prélever des échantillons de tissus et de digesta. Des SCB viables ont été retrouvées tout au long du tractus gastrointestinal, ainsi que dans les fèces des veaux en périodes pré- et post-sevrage. Autour du sevrage, les fèces du groupe SCB contenaient une population de lactobacilli plus importante que celles du groupe TÉMOIN. Au cours de la période pré-sevrage, la distribution des lactobacilli évoluait graduellement à travers les sections du tube digestif (colon > contenu iléal > rumen > muqueuse iléale). À l’exception du rumen, tous les autres compartiments présentaient une population de lactobacilli réduite en post- vs. en pré-sevrage. Comparativement aux groupes TÉMOIN et LA, la profondeur et la largeur des cryptes du colon des groupes SCB et ATB étaient réduites. Toujours comparativement aux groupes TÉMOIN et LA, le nombre de cellules caliciformes contenant des mucines neutres tendait à augmenter pour les groupes SCB et ATB, alors que le nombre de mucines acides augmentaient. Globalement, les traitements n’ont pas affecté les performances des animaux. Pendant le sevrage, une amélioration de la stimulation oxydative et de la phagocytose, ainsi qu’une augmentation des concentrations des protéines de la phase aiguë, ont été observées chez les groupes SCB et LA. L’ajout de probiotiques à la diète du veau a eu moins d’impact sur la diversité bactérienne mais a tout de même modifié significativement l’abondance des différentes populations microbiennes, et ce plus particulièrement dans l’iléon. L’ajout de SCB ou de LA a réduit l’abondance de certains genres bactériens pathogènes, tels que Streptococcus et Tyzzerella_4, alors que cela a augmenté l’abondance de bactéries potentiellement bénéfiques pour l’hôte tel que celles appartenant au genre Fibrobacter. Par ailleurs, d’autres bactéries bénéfiques tel que Rumminococcaceae UCG 005 et Olsenella étaient aussi plus abondantes, mais seulement pour le traitement SCB. Les bactéries pathogènes Peptoclostridium et Ruminococcus_2 étaient respectivement moins abondantes lorsque les traitements SCB et LA étaient ajoutés à la ration. Les analyses de prédiction fonctionnelle ont montré qu’en plus des effets observés sur les voies métaboliques locales impliquées dans le cycle cellulaire, la sécrétion biliaire et les voies de signalisation de l’AMPc et du proteasome, l’ajout des deux formes de probiotiques a également affecté d’importantes voies impliquées au sein d’autres tissus comme la synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes ou le fonctionnement des synapses dopaminergiques. Cette étude suggère que les probiotiques, et plus particulièrement SCB, devraient être davantage considérés comme modulateur de la santé gastro-intestinale du veau laitier. Aussi, la supplémentation en SCB, en améliorant la réponse immunitaire innée, permettrait de stimuler le système immunitaire du veau avant l’infection, le préparant ainsi à mieux affronter les périodes plus sensibles comme celle du sevrage. Le SCB et le LA ont modifié la composition en bactéries du GIT. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude a montré une démonstration remarquable de l’importance du DFM sur le microbiote de la TI. Cependant, il faut mieux comprendre les molécules et les mécanismes qui déterminent le rôle du microbiote, puis exploiter ces connaissances pour améliorer la santé et augmenter la production animale.
There is interest in the use of direct-fed microbials (DFM) as substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters in farm animal production. However, little information exists on the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 (LA) and Saccharomyces cereviseae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SCB) on the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota and innate immune responses in dairy calves. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to (1) investigate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM 1-1079 on blood cellular and biochemical/chemical constituents; (2) determine the potential mechanisms of enhanced immune response by Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM 1-1079; (3) determine how Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1386 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM 1-1079 modulate calf GIT microbial community composition by next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and (4) compare the efficacy of these two DFM with tetracycline-neomycin, an antibiotic growth promoter. Forty eight calves (2 to 7 days old) were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) Control (CTRL) fed milk replacer (MR) and starter feed (SF); 2) CTRL supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCMI-1079 (SCB; 7.5 × 108 (CFU)/L MR + 3 × 109 CFU/kg SF); 3) CTRL supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (LA; 2.5 × 108 CFU/L MR + 1 × 109 CFU/kg SF); and 4) CTRL supplemented with antibiotics (ATB) chlortetracycline and neomycin (528 and 357 mg/L MR, respectively), and chlortetracycline (55 mg/kg SF). Animals were raised for 96 days following standard management procedures. Growth parameters (body weight and feed intake) of calves were recorded weekly. Four calves per treatment were euthanized on day 33 (pre-weaning) and an additional four calves per treatment on day 96 (post-weaning) to sample rumen and ileum tissues for real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and colon for histomorphology. The ileum, colon and rumen were also analyzed for viability. Furthermore, samples of digesta (colon, ileum and rumen) and mucosa (colon and ileum) for bacterial characterization by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Weekly feces samples were collected for viability analysis. Blood samples were also collected for isolation of neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for oxidative burst and phagocytosis analyses by flow cytometry. Serum measurements of acute phase proteins were done by ELISA. Viable SCB were recovered throughout the GIT and in the feces pre- and post-weaning. The feces of SCB-treated calves showed a greater lactobacilli population compared with CTRL (P < 0.01) around weaning. In the pre-weaning period, the distribution of lactobacilli population differed along the digestive tract (colon > ileum content > rumen > ileum mucosa; P < 0.001). The lactobacilli population were significantly reduced in all compartments (P = 0.02) post-weaning compared to pre-weaning, except in the rumen. Crypts depth and width of the colon decreased (P < 0.01) whereas number of goblet cells containing neutral mucins tended to increase (P = 0.058) while acidic mucins increased (P < 0.05) in SCB- and ATB-treated calves compared with CTRL and v LA-treated calves. Overall, growth performances were not affected by treatment. There was improvement of both oxidative burst and phagocytosis by SCB and LA during weaning in calves. Similarly, the concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive proteins and serum amyloid A proteins) were increased by SCB and LA during weaning. The DFM had less impact on the bacteria diversity but had significant impact on the abundance of the bacteria community with most changes associated to treatments occurring in the ileum. SCB and LA reduced some pathogenic bacteria genera such as Streptococcus, Tyzzerella_4 and increased some potential beneficial bacteria such as fibrobacter. Meanwhile, Rumminococcaceae UCG 005 and Olsenella, also beneficial, were increased only by SCB treatment. The potential pathogenic bacterium, Peptoclostridium, was reduced by SCB only while LA reduced Ruminococcus_2. The functional prediction analyses indicated that besides affecting local pathways such as cell cycle, bile secretion, proteasome or cAMP signaling pathway, both DFM might also affect important pathways in other tissues such as thyroid hormone synthesis or Dopaminergic synapse in the brain. Our results suggest that SCB is a modulator of gastrointestinal health and could prime the immune system prior to infection leading to an enhanced innate immune response in calves especially during periods of stress (e.g., weaning). Consequently, SCB might have the potential to strengthen calf immune system in the critical periods of disease susceptibility. Both SCB and LA changed the bacteria composition of the GIT. Overall, this study showed a remarkable demonstration of the importance of DFM on the GIT microbiota. However, what is needed is a complete and better understanding of the molecules and mechanisms driving the roles played by the microbiota and then to exploit this knowledge to improve health and increase animal production.
André, Malin. "Rules of Thumb and Management of Common Infections in General Practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5183.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with problem solving of general practitioners (GPs), which is explored with different methods and from different perspectives. The general aim was to explore and describe rules of thumb and to analyse the management of respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTI and UTI) in general practice in Sweden. The results are based upon focus group interviews concerning rules of thumb and a prospective diagnosis-prescription study concerning the management of patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI or UTI. In addition unpublished data are given from structured telephone interviews concerning specific rules of thumb in acute sinusitis and prevailing cough.
GPs were able to verbalize their rules of thumb, which could be called tacit knowledge. A specific set of rules of thumb was used for rapid assessment when emergency and psychosocial problems were identified. Somatic problems seemed to be the expected, normal state. In the further consultation the rules of thumb seemed to be used in an act of balance between the individual and the general perspective. There was considerable variation between the rules of thumb of different GPs for patients with acute sinusitis and prevailing cough. In their rules of thumb the GPs seemed to integrate their medical knowledge and practical experience of the consultation. A high number of near-patient antigen tests to probe Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A tests) and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests were performed in patients, where testing was not recommended. There was only a slight decrease in antibiotic prescribing in patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI examined with CRP in comparison with patients not tested. In general, the GPs in Sweden adhered to current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV) was the preferred antibiotic for most patients allocated a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection.
In conclusion, the use of rules of thumb might explain why current practices prevail in spite of educational efforts. One way to change practice could be to identify and evaluate rules of thumb used by GPs and disseminate well adapted rules. The use of diagnostic tests in patients with infectious illnesses in general practice needs critical appraisal before introduction as well as continuing surveillance. The use of rules of thumb by GPs might be one explanation for variation in practice and irrational prescribing of antibiotics in patients with infectious conditions.
On the day of the public defence the status of the articles IV and V was: Accepted.
Kaiser, Rachel Anne. "An Urban Karst Aquifer Resource Evaluation and Monitoring Toolbox." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3142.
Повний текст джерелаMello, Mariana Mendes e. "O tamanho faz diferença? O efeito dos diferentes morfotipos na ecofisiologia da cianobactéria formadora de florações Microcystis aeruginosa." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6608.
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A capacidade da cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa de formar colônias vem sendo apontada como importante característica frente a adversidades ambientais, como por exemplo proteção contra predação e a criação pela mucilagem de um microambiente favorável às células. Entretanto, a formação de colônias e seus mecanismos e vantagens ainda não são completamente compreendidos. Neste estudo o principal objetivo foi contribuir para a compreensão do papel de diferentes morfotipos (unicelular e colonial) na ecofisiologia de M. aeruginosa. Em ambientes naturais, florações de cianobactérias ocorrem predominantemente na forma colonial, entretanto, por questões técnicas, os experimentos são realizados tradicionalmente com culturas unicelulares. Portanto, a intensão desta tese foi contribuir para desenvolvimento de técnicas para o manejo de florações de cianobactérias utilizando uma abordagem ambientalmente mais realista através da realização de experimentos com culturas coloniais. Nossos resultados apontaram que a forma colonial de M. aeruginosa promoveu uma vantagem na proteção das células contra agentes químicos como peróxidos, de forma que a aplicação de doses mais altas pode ser necessária no caso de mitigação de florações com predominância de Microcystis colonial. Além disso, as doses de peróxido capazes de causar a liberação significativa de microcistinas (MC) pelo morfotipo unicelular não aumentaram a concentração de MC liberada pelo morfotipo colonial. Na avaliação dos efeitos dos antibióticos, o morfotipo colonial apresentou maior resistência ao antibiótico oxytetraciclina, enquanto que o antibiótico enrofloxacina afetou igualmente ambos os morfotipos. Além disso, o morfotipo unicelular desenvolveu resistência a oxytetracyclina mais rapidamente do que o morfotipo colonial. Desta forma, sugerimos que o rápido desenvolvimento de resistência ao antibiótico deve ser cuidadosamente levado em consideração. Por fim, ao testar o método de Flock & Sink, a aplicação de lastro removeu significativamente a biomassa do morfotipo colonial enquanto o morfotipo unicelular demandou a aplicação de lastro e coagulante. A conclusão geral da tese é que os morfotipos de M. aeruginosa influenciam significativamente o efeito de diferentes substâncias químicas utilizadas com o objetivo de controlar o crescimento de cianobactérias. Enfatizamos que para o manejo de florações de cianobactérias é necessária uma cuidadosa análise sistêmica e da comunidade de cianobactérias antes da tomada de decisões para a aplicação de medidas de mitigação.
The ability of Microcystis aeruginosa to form colonies has been identified as an important characteristic of the species to face environmental adversities, such as protection against predation and the creation by the mucilage of a microenvironment favourable to cells. However, the colony formation and their mechanisms and benefits are not yet fully understood. In this study, the main objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the role of different morphotypes (unicellular and colonial) in the ecophysiology of M. aeruginosa. In the environment, cyanobacterial blooms occur mainly as the colonial form but, due to technical issues, the experiments are traditionally carried out with unicellular cultures. Therefore, we intended to contribute to the development of techniques for cyanobacterial blooms management by using a more realistic environmental approach running experiments with colonial cultures. Our results pointed out that the colonial form of M. aeruginosa promoted an advantage in the protection of the cells against peroxides, so a higher dose application may be necessary for mitigating blooms in which the colonial form is predominant. Furthermore, the peroxide doses capable of causing significant release of microcystins (MC) by the unicellular morphotype did not increase the MC released by the colonial morphotype. Evaluating the effects of antibiotics, the colonial morphotype showed highest resistance to the antibiotic oxytetracycline, while the antibiotic enrofloxacin affected both morphotypes equally. In addition, the unicellular morphotype developed resistance to oxytetracycline more rapidly than the colonial morphotype. In this way, we suggest that the rapid development of antibiotic resistance should be carefully taken into consideration. Finally, when testing the Flock & Sink method, the application of ballast removed significantly the biomass of the colonial morphotype, while the unicellular morphotype required application of ballast and coagulant. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the morphotypes of M. aeruginosa significantly influence the effect of different chemical substances used to control the growth of cyanobacteria. We emphasize that for the management of cyanobacterial blooms is mandatory a thoroughly analysis of the system and of the cyanobacterial community prior to the decision making for an application of mitigation measures.
Velozo, Rodrigo Augusto Peres. "Aplicativo móvel para controle da profilaxia antimicrobiana de infecção de sítio cirúrgico." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183190.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: A infecção de sítio cirúrgico é uma das complicações mais importantes e frequentes no cuidado do paciente, gerando grande ônus ao mesmo e à instituição. A profilaxia antimicrobiana é uma das principais ferramentas no combate à essas infecções, contudo, estudos apontam elevadas taxas de erros em seus processos, aumentando o risco de infecção de sítio cirúrgico e o prolongamento da internação e gastos hospitalares. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver e validar um aplicativo para auditoria e controle da profilaxia antimicrobiana em sítio cirúrgico para dispositivos móveis, baseando-se no protocolo adotado pela Comissão de Controle de Infecção Relacionada à Assistência à Saúde (CCIRAS) do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu e pesquisas recentes da instituição. O desenvolvimento do aplicativo foi realizado utilizando a ferramenta Xamarin, que permite o desenvolvimento de aplicativos de maneira multiplataforma. A validação foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com 10 especialistas de áreas que trabalham diretamente com profilaxia antimicrobiana, onde foram avaliados a usabilidade, apresentação e informações do modelo proposto. Nestas entrevistas, utilizou-se do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC) e Coeficiente de Kappa para avaliação da concordância entre os juízes, sendo definido como valores mínimos ideais de 0.75 e 0.61, respectivamente. A validação do sistema demonstrou excelentes resultados, onde os itens avaliados apresentaram uma boa classificação, com IVC igual ou superior a ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Surgical site infection is one of the most important and frequent complications in patient care, generating a great burden on the patient and the institution. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is one of the main tools for the prevention of these infections; however, studies indicates that there are high error rates in this process, which can increase the risk of surgical site infection, prolong hospitalization time and increases hospital expenses. This study aimed to develop and validate a mobile application to audit and control antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical site process, based on the protocol adopted by the Infection Control Committee related to Health Care (ICCHC) of the Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, and recent researches at the institution. The development of the system was carried out using the Xamarin development platform, which allow the development of multiplatform applications. The validation process was conducted with interviews from 10 experts that works directly in areas related to antimicrobial prophylaxis, evaluating the usability, presentation and information of the proposed model. In those interviews, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Kappa Coefficient were used to evaluate the concordance between the judges, having defined as ideal minimum values of 0.75 and 0.61, respectively. The system’s validation showed excellent results, where all the evaluated items received a good classification, with a CVI equal to or higher than 0.90 and Kappa Coefficient equ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Cope, Anwen L. "Understanding the use of antibiotics in the management of dental problems in primary care." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74483/.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Hanh Thi Van. "Impact of Manure Management Practices on the Environmental Fate of Antibiotics in Manure-Applied Fields." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102603.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy
Balme, Kate Helene. "The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of pneumonitis following kerosene (paraffin) ingestion in children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3499.
Повний текст джерелаGrau, Andrea, and Patrick Wanner. "Managing supply chain sustainability risks of antibiotics : A case study within Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390626.
Повний текст джерелаDeangelis, Julie Ann. "To treat or not to treat : the role of antibiotics in the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in an ambulatory setting /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314453.
Повний текст джерелаKirchhelle, Claas. "Pyrrhic progress : antibiotics and western food production (1949-2013)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:08832606-eeb5-45a7-a0a4-33eb28f74d3e.
Повний текст джерелаJustham, David. "A study of nursing practices used in the management of infection in hospitals, 1929-1948." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-nursing-practices-used-in-the-management-of-infection-in-hospitals-19291948(44276592-51ff-4bdd-9fcf-2e17d9a1d2ab).html.
Повний текст джерелаKalyango, Joan N., Elizeus Rutebemberwa, Charles Karamagi, Edison Mworozi, Sarah Ssali, Tobias Alfven, and Stefan Peterson. "High Adherence to Antimalarials and Antibiotics under Integrated Community Case Management of Illness in Children Less than Five Years in Eastern Uganda." Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197719.
Повний текст джерелаSwan, Kathie Lanette. "Sorption Characteristics of Veterinary Ionophore Antibiotics Monensin and Lasalocid and Soil Clay Constituents Kaolinite, Illite and Montmorillonite." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1344958732.
Повний текст джерелаPhornprapha, Warinyupa. "Shrimp Farming in Thailand: A pathway to Sustainability." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2020. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/208.
Повний текст джерелаMiendjé, Deyi Véronique Yvette. "Contribution au management de l'infection à Helicobacter pylori en Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209925.
Повний текст джерелаNotre travail de recherche a consisté à analyser la proportion de patients infectés par H. pylori dans une cohorte de plus de 22.000 patients, issus de divers groupes ethniques, vivant en Belgique. Ces souches de H. pylori, isolées dans notre laboratoire, à partir des biopsies gastriques, ont aussi servi à une étude pour suivre l'évolution de la résistance aux antibiotiques ces 20 dernières années afin de proposer des améliorations de la prise en charge thérapeutique de l'infection à H. pylori en Belgique.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cappelli, Aurora. "Residui e contaminanti nel latte." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаFreire, Renato Antônio Campos. "AVALIAÇÃO DO USO RACIONAL DE ANTIMICROBIANOS PARA MELHORIA DA GESTÃO E MONITORAMENTO DAS INFECÇÕES HOSPITALARES." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2009. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2110.
Повний текст джерелаEvaluation of antimicrobials in hospital is complex and multifaceted detail, where the monitoring can contribute greatly to therapeutic efficacy and reduction in hospital costs. The work aims to describe the profile of hospital use of antibiotics in children with restricted use, in an attempt to contribute to reducing costs, improving hospital management and monitoring of hospital infections, bringing to patient safety and therapeutic efficacy leading to better quality of life, as well as the monitoring system of audit of antibiotics, identification of pharmacotherapeutic profile and rational use of medicines in accordance with pre-established clinical protocols. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from August to October 2008 in the pediatric HMDO service. Data collection was performed through the software internal use of the hospital, with specificity in two modules of the system of hospital infection and management of hospital admission and, recognizing and monitoring the therapeutic antibiotics in children according to clinical protocols of the unit of hospitalization. All these data were taken from the internal information system of the hospital so online. Data were collected as the type of infection, infection of the topography, lists of antibiotics used, dosage, route of administration, frequency, duration of treatment. The antimicrobials used were selected according to the pharmaceutical form, dose prescribed and the corresponding volume. There was no use of antimicrobials in accordance with the pre-clinical protocols established by the institution. It is appropriate therapeutic use of antibiotics through a check list, a systematic control of fulfillment of the prescription of antibiotics, continued education of prescribers and compliance with clinical protocols.
Avaliação de antimicrobianos a nível hospitalar é um processo complexo minucioso e multifacetado, onde o monitoramento pode contribuir muito para eficácia terapêutica e diminuição de custos hospitalares. O trabalho visa descrever o perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos hospitalares de uso restrito em pediatria, na tentativa de contribuir para a diminuição de custos, melhoria da gestão hospitalar e monitoramento das infecções hospitalares, trazendo ao paciente segurança e eficácia terapêutica que levem à melhor qualidade de vida, bem como no acompanhamento do sistema de auditoria de antibióticos, identificação do perfil farmacoterapêutico e uso racional de medicamentos de acordo com protocolos clínicos pré-estabelecidos. Constitui-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado no período de agosto a outubro de 2008 no serviço de pediatria do HMDO. A coleta de dados foi realizada através do softwear de uso interno do hospital, com especificidade em dois módulos do sistema de infecção hospitalar e gerenciamento de unidade hospitalar e internação, reconhecendo e monitorando os antibióticos terapêuticos em pediatria, de acordo com protocolos clínicos da própria unidade de internação. Todos estes dados foram extraídos do sistema de informação interno do hospital de forma on line. Foram coletadas informações como o tipo de infecção, topografia da infecção, listas dos antibióticos utilizados, dose, via de administração, freqüência, duração do tratamento. Os antimicrobianos consumidos foram selecionados de acordo com a forma farmacêutica, dose prescrita e volume correspondente. Observou-se não conformidade na utilização de antimicrobianos com os protocolos clínicos pré-estabelecidos pela instituição. Propõe-se adequação na utilização dos antibióticos terapêuticos através de um check list, um controle sistemático do preenchimento da prescrição de antimicrobianos, educação continuado de prescritores e cumprimento de protocolos clínicos.
Senthilkumar, Balaji, and Ajay Krishna Shilesh. "Typology of Upstream Pharmaceutical Supply Chains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396031.
Повний текст джерелаGonçalves, Raquel Reis Lima. "Post-operative antibiotic duration in acute complicated appendicitis management." Master's thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/104691.
Повний текст джерелаGonçalves, Raquel Reis Lima. "Post-operative antibiotic duration in acute complicated appendicitis management." Dissertação, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/104691.
Повний текст джерелаRimmer, Stephen, P. Garg, S. MacNeil, J. Shepherd, and S. Foster. "UK-India Centre for Advanced Technology for Minimizing Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics:"Exploring biology of antibiotic resistance and potential targets for early diagnosis and effective management of infectious diseases”." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12060.
Повний текст джерелаDuring January 15th – 17th, 2017 a group of scientists met, under the auspices of the UK-India Centre for Advanced Technology for Minimizing Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics, to discuss the further developments and potential solutions to antimicrobial resistance. This was the third work shop under this funding stream held in Hyderabad. The presentations and outcomes of the workshop are released here. Key out comes included the need to address improved treatment and detection of TB, delivery of antimicrobial peptides, potential strategies for combating beta-lactam resistance.
Medical Research Council
Cullen, Patricia. "Effects of management and environmental conditions on antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with swine." 2001. http://etd.utk.edu/2001/CullenPatricia.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLaka, Mah. "The Role of Computer Computer-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in Improving Antibiotic Management." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135248.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, 2022
Jones, Eric Allen. "Outpatient antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections: seasonal trends, and implications for care & quality." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41908.
Повний текст джерелаVieira, Andreia Filipa Gomes. "Retrospective study on mastitis pathogens and their susceptibility to antibiotics in dairy farms of São Miguel (Azores) - association with herds´ holdings and management practices." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/16743.
Повний текст джерелаMudau, Khuthadzo Lunsford. "An assessment of water quality and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Naauwpoortspruit River, Mpumalanga province, South Africa." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27841.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
Delgado, Nuno Alexandre Santos. "Endocardite de Válvula Cardíaca Protética." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98503.
Повний текст джерелаContextualização: Endocardite de válvula cardíaca protética (EVP) trata-se deuma complicação grave da Endocardite Infeciosa (EI), que atinge 1-6% dos indivíduoscom próteses valvulares e traduz 10-30% dos doentes com EI. Associa-se acomplicações severas e alta morbilidade e mortalidade. A abordagem a EVP carece deum plano de gestão rápido, objetivo e multidisciplinar a fim de resguardar o doenteevitando a morte e complicações graves associadas, recorrendo a antibioterapia ecirurgia frequentemente.Objetivo: Proporcionar ao leitor uma perspetiva integral do tema, desde a suaepidemiologia, contextualização, microbiologia e fisiopatologia associada, aapresentação clinica típica, a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica (com suaslimitações), profilaxia de doentes de alto risco, prognóstico associado, e por último osdesafios e as perspetivas futuras.Material e Métodos: Procedeu-se à pesquisa de artigos na base de dadosPubMed. Abrangeu-se neste trabalho artigos desde 1984 a 2020, com ênfase nosartigos dos últimos dez anos, cingindo-se a fontes em literatura inglesa e francesa.Resultados: Utilizou-se um conjunto de fundamentos para restringir a extensapesquisa efetuada, aos quais se destaca as palavras chave utilizadas, o autor dosartigos, a data da publicação, o tipo de estudo e metodologia aplicadas nos mesmos.Assim, após leitura cuidadosa dos títulos e resumos dos artigos encontrados,selecionou-se com base nos fundamentos acima mencionados 53 artigos.Discussão e Conclusão: A Endocardite de Válvula protética, classifica-se emEVP precoce (<12 meses pós implantação) e EVP tardia (>12 meses pós implantação)tendo em conta o perfil microbiológico. Staphylococus aureus, é atualmente o agentemais frequente da EVP. No que diz respeito aos mecanismos patogénicos, sabe-se quea maior ocorre no primeiro ano, provavelmente devido à incompleta endotelização daválvula protética neste período. Suspeitar se, clinicamente há febre e um novo ouagravamento de um sopro regurgitante. Diagnóstico de EVP é guiado pelos critérios deDuke modificados, recorrendo-se frequentemente a imagiologia adjuvante com TACe/ou 18F-FDG PET/CT. Abordagem terapêutica é personalizada e inclui cirurgia emdoentes selecionados (insuficiência cardíaca aguda, extensão paravalvular da infeção,deiscência de válvulas, estenose ou regurgitação agravada, embolia recorrente ouinfeção persistente apesar da antibioterapia) e antibioterapia prolongada (mínimo 6meses). Profilaxia antibiótica em procedimentos de risco está recomendada.
Background: Prosthetic heart valve endocarditis is a serious complication ofInfective Endocarditis (IE), affecting 1-6% of individuals with prosthetic heart valves andtranslating into 10-30% of patients with IE. It is associated with severe complications andhigh morbidity and mortality. The approach to PVE needs a fast, objective andmultidisciplinary management plan in order to safeguard the patient avoiding death andassociated severe complications, using antibiotic therapy and surgery frequently.Aim: To provide the reader with an integral perspective of the subject, from itsepidemiology, contextualization, microbiology and associated pathophysiology, typicalclinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic approach (with its limitations),prophylaxis of high-risk patients, associated prognosis, and finally the challenges andfuture perspectives.Material and Methods: The PubMed database was searched for articles. Thisstudy covered articles from 1984 to 2020, with an emphasis on articles from the last tenyears, limited to sources in English and French literature.Results: A set of fundamentals was used to restrict the extensive search carriedout, which highlights the key words used, the author of the articles, the date ofpublication, the type of study and methodology applied in them. Thus, after carefullyreading the titles and abstracts of the articles found, 53 articles were selected based onthe principles mentioned above. Discussion and Conclusion: Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis is classified intoearly (<12 months post implantation) and late (>12 months post implantation) PVE takinginto account the microbiological profile. Staphylococcus aureus, is currently the mostfrequent agent of PVE. Regarding pathogenic mechanisms it is known that most occurin the first year, probably due to incomplete endothelialization of the prosthetic valve inthis period. Suspect if clinically there is fever and a new or worsening of a regurgitantmurmur. Diagnosis of PVE is guided by the modified Duke criteria, often using adjuvantimaging with CT and/or 18F-FDG PET/CT. The therapeutic approach is personalizedand includes surgery in selected patients (acute heart failure, paravalvular extension ofinfection, valve dehiscence, aggravated stenosis or regurgitation, recurrent embolism orpersistent infection despite antibiotic therapy) and prolonged antibiotic therapy (minimum6 months). Antibiotic prophylaxis in risky procedures is recommended.
Soares, Ana Raquel Antunes. "Infecções odontogénicas." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5603.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Odontogenic infections are one of the most prevalent pathologies and the main reason for seeking medical and dental care worldwide. All Dentists should be able to perform a quick diagnosis and decide in an effective, thoughtful and justifiable way which treatment have to apply in each case, being aware that the progression of an odontogenic infection is often unpredictable and a late or incorrect treatment could provoke life risking complications for the patient when compromising deep facial spaces of the head and neck. Objective: This dissertation intends, using existing literature, to assist the Dentist in the diagnosis of an odontogenic infection and, essentially, to find evidence of which is the most recommended treatment or which one is considered the most effective for this type of oral infections. Materials and methods: For the execution of this literature review, a survey was carried out between January and June of 2016, using the Library Ricardo Reis of Fernando Pessoa University and the Library from the Dentistry´s Faculty of the University of Porto, the portal "DGS" and the electronic databases: PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT and Institutional Repository of the University of Barcelona using, for this purpose, the keywords established. In sum, in the realization of the present dissertation were queried three literary works and 23 scientific articles. Conclusion: According to the literature review, there is no absolute consensus on which antibiotic should be prescribed in the treatment of odontogenic infections. Amoxicillin is still referred as the first-line treatment and, the necessity and the advantages from the association with clavulanic acid are evidenced by several authors. Clindamycin is presented as the second-line treatment in such cases as allergy to beta-lactams.
Chen, Guei-Chiang, and 陳貴強. "The Decision Support System for Antibiotics Management Based on Knowledge." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71488289653478188538.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
資訊管理系
92
This thesis paper uses National Health Insurance Research Database of Bureau of National Health Insurance to establish the Decision Support System for Antibiotics Management. It uses the association rule and clustering rule of data mining techniques. With the aid of data mining tool from IBM Intelligent Miner instrument, these data could be digged and analyzed to discover the relationship among the diagnosis, prescription and the common information about antibiotics. The final result will be used as the source of decision knowledge. The main focuses of this research are: (1) Exploring National Health Insurance Research Database to recognize the use of antibiotics in Taiwan , (2) Using different kinds of modules to process the data mining and retrieving. The results could help to find the relationship among the diagnosis, prescription and the common information about antibiotics prescription for the decision knowledge, (3) Using questionnaire and interviewing with doctors and pharmacists to confirm the accuracy of this decision knowledge. Furthermore, the result of web survey will be used to adjust the weight of decision knowledge and feedback to database of antibiotics in order to get more precise decision knowledge, (4) Via different user interfaces, this system could provide the general queries about antibiotics for common users and the supports for doctors to make prescriptions while using antibiotics medicines.
Chivi, Gabriel. "Exploring the reasons to shortage of antibiotics in pharmacies : A case study on Sweden." Thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417020.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Joana Isabel Faria Correia da. "Relação entre desempenho económico e implementação de ferramentas de melhoria de qualidade na prescrição de fármacos." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/24822.
Повний текст джерелаNo presente trabalho discutimos a Nova Gestão Pública (NGP) e as suas implicações na gestão hospitalar. A revisão de literatura mostra que as reformas passadas vivenciadas no sector são orientadas pela abordagem do NGP. Assim, este modelo de gestão, orientado para os resultados, repercute-se na gestão hospitalar pela procura de melhorias na eficiência e na eficácia da utilização dos recursos públicos. O estudo realizado identifica o caso particular de uma medida recentemente adotada pela gestão hospitalar com o propósito de obtenção de melhoria na qualidade da prescrição médica. Referimonos à adoção, no passado junho de 2010, da ferramenta de stop-orders na prescrição de antibióticos a doentes internados no Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho, EPE (CHVNG/E). Assim, a questão de partida orientadora do presente estudo procura relacionar as implicações da adoção desta ferramenta, não só com a qualidade da prestação de cuidados associada, como também com a eficiência da utilização dos recursos ao nível dos consumos de antibióticos em quantidade e valor. Como é reconhecido pela literatura em geral, o consumo de fármacos detém um peso significativo nos gastos totais de um hospital 13,33%, no caso do CHVNGE, sendo que o grupo dos antibióticos detém um peso de 6,85% no total dos fármacos (ano 2010). Assim, o estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 35.680 registos, que caracterizam o consumo de antibióticos de um total de 19.933 episódios de internamentos verificados entre o período junho de 2009 a julho de 2011. Os testes estatísticos aplicados revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o consumo de antibióticos no período anterior e posterior à implementação da medida de melhoria da qualidade na prescrição de fármacos, tendo-se verificado uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa para a média dos consumos médios diários, em quantidade e valor, no período após a implementação da ferramenta de stop-orders. Após uma análise mais analítica dos dados, revelaram-se diferenças significativas na média das quantidades médias diárias de 17 antibióticos (que representam, aproximadamente 60% dos consumos de antibióticos no CHVNG/E), no sentido de redução da quantidade média diária consumida no período posterior à implementação das stop-orders. Por último, o estudo revela que, no período posterior à implementação de stop-orders, verificam-se economias significativas nos gastos com os fármacos antibióticos, sendo que, a introdução das stop-orders justifica parcialmente esta ocorrência.
In this paper we discuss the New Public Management (NPM) and its implications in the hospital management. The literature review shows that the former and experienced reforms in the sector are oriented by the approach of the NPM. So, this management model, results-oriented, reflects itself on the hospital management by looking for improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of public resources. The study made identifies the particular case of a measure recently adopted by the hospital management with the purpose of obtaining improvement in the quality of the medical prescription. We are referring to the last June 2010 adoption of the stop-orders tool in the prescription of antibiotics to patients admitted to the Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE (CHVNG/E). Thus, the starting point for the guidance of this study tries to relate the implications of the adoption of this tool, not only to the quality care, but also to the efficiency use of the resource in terms of consumption of antibiotics in quantity and value. As it is recognised by the literature in general, the consumption of drugs has a significant weight in the total expenditures of a hospital 13,33%, in the case of CHVNGE, being the group of antibiotics the one which holds a weight of 6,85% in the total of the drugs (year 2010). Therefore, the study was conducted with a sample of 35,680 records, featuring the consumption of antibiotics from a total of 19,933 total admissions recorded episodes between the period of June 2009 and July 2011. The statistical applied tests have revealed differences statistically significant between the consumption of antibiotics in the before and after period to the implementation of the improving quality measure in prescription drugs, with a statistically significant decrease to the average of the daily average consumption in quantity and value, in the period after the implementation of the stop-orders tool. After a more analytical analysis of the data, significant differences are revealed in the average of the daily average quantities of 17 antibiotics (which represent approximately 60% of the consumption of antibiotics in the CHVNG/E), with the purpose of reducing the daily average amount consumed in the period after the implementation of the stop-orders. Finally, the study reveals that, in the period after the implementation of the stop-orders, significant savings are noticed in the expenses spent on antibiotic drugs, as the introduction of the stop-orders would partially justify this occurrence.
Lino, Delmira Cristina. "Boas práticas de Enfermagem relacionadas com Administração de antibioterapia no serviço de urgência do Hospital do Sul." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/8897.
Повний текст джерелаNo âmbito do 2º Mestrado em EMC da ESS do IPS que frequentámos era-nos proposto a realização de três estágios e no decorrer dos mesmos a realização de um PIS e um PAC numa Unidade de Saúde de acordo com a metodologia de Projeto com vista à aquisição de competências comuns e específicas do enfermeiro especialista e de Mestre em EMC. Com a realização destes projetos, consideramos ir ao encontro do referido pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros, na tomada de posição sobre segurança do doente, onde refere que a segurança é fulcral à qualidade na saúde e nos cuidados de enfermagem. Refere ainda que algumas medidas como gestão do risco, de segurança ambiental, que englobam uma prática clinica segura, manutenção de um ambiente de cuidados seguros associadas a um corpo de conhecimento científico centrado na segurança da pessoa e nas infra estruturas necessárias para o garantir. (Ordem dos Enfermeiros, 2006) Assim, como produto final do PIS, emergiu um guia farmacológico sobre antibioterapia e um póster com incompatibilidades, diluições e fichas técnicas sobre antibióticos, de forma a dar resposta ao objetivo geral do projeto, ” Melhorar a qualidade e a segurança dos cuidados de enfermagem relacionados com a administração de antibioterapia no serviço de urgência do hospital onde desempenhamos funções.” No que concerne ao PAC desenvolvemos atividades que permitiram a aquisição e consolidação das competências de enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem em pessoa em situação critica. Assim, este relatório pretende traduzir, o trabalho desenvolvido no conjunto dos estágios que permitiu desenvolver competências comuns e específicas do enfermeiro especialista e de mestre em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica.
Within the 2nd Master of EMC ESS IPS we attend us was proposed holding three internships and in the course of the same conducting a PIS and a PAC in a Health Unit in accordance with the Project methodology for the acquisition of common and specific skills of the specialist nurse and Master of EMC. With the completion of these projects, we consider to go out to meet what was said in the position paper on patient safety by the Order of Nurses, which points out that security is central to quality health and nursing care. It also states that some measures such as risk management, environmental security, which include a safe clinical practice, maintaining a safe care environment associated with a body of scientific knowledge focused on the security of the person and the necessary infrastructure to guarantee it. (Order of Nurses, 2006) So, as a final product of PIS, emerged a pharmacological guide on antibiotics and a poster with incompatibilities, dilutions and fact sheets on antibiotics in order to meet the overall objective of the project, "Improving the quality and safety of nursing care related with antibiotic administration in the hospital emergency room where we perform functions. Regarding the PAC we developed activities that enable the acquisition and consolidation skills of the nurse specialist in person in critical situation. Thus, this report aims to translate the work in all the stages that allowed the development of common and specific skills of the nurse specialist and master in medical-surgical nursing.
Haumba, Samson Malwa. "Best practice guidelines to monitor and prevent hearing loss related to drug resistant tuberculosis treatment." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21189.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)