Статті в журналах: "Antibacterial therapeutics"

1

KUREK, ANNA, ANNA M. GRUDNIAK, ANNA KRACZKIEWICZ-DOWJAT, and KRYSTYNA I. WOLSKA. "New Antibacterial Therapeutics and Strategies." Polish Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 1 (2011): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2011-001.

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Studies on new antibacterial therapeutics and strategies are currently being conducted in many microbiological, pharmaceutical and biochemical laboratories. The antibacterial activity of plant-derived compounds as well as silver and gold nanoparticles is the subject of this minireview. The application of photodynamic therapy is also discussed.

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2

Kern, Thomas J. "Antibacterial agents for ocular therapeutics." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 34, no. 3 (May 2004): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2003.12.010.

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3

Liu, Shanshan, Huanxiang Yuan, Haotian Bai, Pengbo Zhang, Fengting Lv, Libing Liu, Zhihui Dai, Jianchun Bao, and Shu Wang. "Electrochemiluminescence for Electric-Driven Antibacterial Therapeutics." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 6 (February 5, 2018): 2284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b12140.

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4

Nagaraj, Nagathihalli S., and Om V. Singh. "Using Genomics to Develop Novel Antibacterial Therapeutics." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 36, no. 4 (July 29, 2010): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1040841x.2010.495941.

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5

Allafchian, Alireza, and Seyed Sajjad Hosseini. "Antibacterial magnetic nanoparticles for therapeutics: a review." IET Nanobiotechnology 13, no. 8 (August 29, 2019): 786–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0146.

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6

Gill, Jason J., Taras Hollyer, and Parviz M. Sabour. "Bacteriophages and phage-derived products as antibacterial therapeutics." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 17, no. 11 (November 2007): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.17.11.1341.

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7

Matthews, Liam, Rupinder K. Kanwar, Shufeng Zhou, Vasu Punj, and Jagat R. Kanwar. "Applications of Nanomedicine in Antibacterial Medical Therapeutics and Diagnostics." Open Tropical Medicine Journal 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18743153010030100001.

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8

Steadman, David, Alvin Lo, Gabriel Waksman, and Han Remaut. "Bacterial surface appendages as targets for novel antibacterial therapeutics." Future Microbiology 9, no. 7 (July 2014): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.14.46.

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9

Zhao, Yue, Xiaoyu Wang, Ruilian Qi, and Huanxiang Yuan. "Recent Advances of Natural-Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Wound Antibacterial Therapeutics." Polymers 15, no. 15 (August 4, 2023): 3305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153305.

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Hydrogels have a three-dimensional network structure and high-water content, are similar in structure to the extracellular matrix, and are often used as wound dressings. Natural polymers have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and are commonly utilized to prepare hydrogels. Natural-polymer-based hydrogels can have excellent antibacterial and bioactive properties by loading antibacterial agents or being combined with therapeutics such as phototherapy, which has great advantages in the field of treatment of microbial infections. In the published reviews of hydrogels used in the treatment of infectious wounds, the common classification criteria of hydrogels include function, source of antibacterial properties, type of antibacterial agent, etc. However, there are few reviews on the classification of hydrogels based on raw materials, and the description of natural-polymer-based hydrogels is not comprehensive and detailed. In this paper, based on the principle of material classification, the characteristics of seven types of natural polymers that can be used to prepare hydrogels are discussed, respectively, and the application of natural-polymer-based hydrogels in the treatment of infectious wounds is described in detail. Finally, the research status, limitations, and prospects of natural-polymer-based hydrogels are briefly discussed.

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10

Jati, Suborno, Sumana Mahata, Soumita Das, Saurabh Chatterjee, and Sushil K. Mahata. "Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051550.

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The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352–372; bCgA344–364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1–15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1–15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1–15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1–15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1–15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1–15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.

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11

Schweitzer, Bettina, Viktória Lilla Balázs, Szilárd Molnár, Bernadett Szögi-Tatár, Andrea Böszörményi, Tamás Palkovics, Györgyi Horváth, and György Schneider. "Antibacterial Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) against the Aetiological Agents of Pitted Keratolyis." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041423.

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Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a bacterial skin infection mostly affecting the pressure-bearing areas of the soles, causing unpleasant symptoms. Antibiotics are used for therapy, but the emergence of antiobiotic resistance, makes the application of novel topical therapeutic agents necessary. The antibacterial effects of 12 EOs were compared in the first part of this study against the three known aetiological agents of PK (Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis and Bacillus thuringiensis). The results of the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration and spore-formation inhibition tests revealed that lemongrass was the most effective EO against all three bacterium species and was therefore chosen for further analysis. Seventeen compounds were identified with solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis while thin-layer chromatography combined with direct bioautography (TLC-BD) was used to detect the presence of antibacterially active compounds. Citral showed a characteristic spot at the Rf value of 0.47, while the HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of an unknown spot with strong antibacterial activity revealed the presence of α-terpineol, γ-cadinene and calamenene. Of these, α-terpineol was confirmed to possess an antimicrobial effect on all three bacterium species associated with PK. Our study supports the hypothesis that, based on their spectrum, EO-based formulations have potent antibacterial effects against PK and warrant further investigation as topical therapeutics.

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12

Yeo, Chien Ing, Edward R. T. Tiekink, and Jactty Chew. "Insights into the Antimicrobial Potential of Dithiocarbamate Anions and Metal-Based Species." Inorganics 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9060048.

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Bacterial infection remains a worldwide problem that requires urgent addressing. Overuse and poor disposal of antibacterial agents abet the emergence of bacterial resistance mechanisms. There is a clear need for new approaches for the development of antibacterial therapeutics. Herein, the antibacterial potential of molecules based on dithiocarbamate anions, of general formula R(R’)NCS2(−), and metal salts of transition metals and main group elements, is summarized. Preclinical studies show a broad range of antibacterial potential, and these investigations are supported by appraisals of possible biological targets and mechanisms of action to guide chemical syntheses. This bibliographic review of the literature points to the exciting potential of dithiocarbamate-based therapeutics in the crucial battle against bacteria. Additionally, included in this overview, for the sake of completeness, is mention of the far fewer studies on the antifungal potential of dithiocarbamates and even less work conducted on antiparasitic behavior.

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13

Naskar, Atanu, and Kwang-sun Kim. "Photo-Stimuli-Responsive CuS Nanomaterials as Cutting-Edge Platform Materials for Antibacterial Applications." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112343.

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Photo-stimuli-responsive therapeutic nanomaterials have gained widespread attention as frontline materials for biomedical applications. The photoactivation strategies are classified as single-modality (based on either reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), hyperthermia-based photothermal therapy (PTT)), or dual-modality (which combines PDT and PTT). Due to its minimal invasiveness, phototherapy has been extensively applied as an efficient therapeutic platform for many diseases, including skin cancers. However, extensive implementation of phototherapy to address the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections remains challenging. This review focuses on copper sulfide (CuS) nanomaterials as efficient and cost-effective PDT and PTT therapeutic nanomaterials with antibacterial activity. The features and merits of CuS nanomaterials as therapeutics are compared to those of other nanomaterials. Control of the dimensions and morphological complexity of CuS nanomaterials through judicious synthesis is then introduced. Both the in vitro antibacterial activity and the in vivo therapeutic effect of CuS nanomaterials and derivative nanocomposites composed of 2D nanomaterials, polymers, metals, metal oxides, and proteins are described in detail. Finally, the perspective of photo-stimuli-responsive CuS nanomaterials for future clinical antibacterial applications is highlighted. This review illustrates that CuS nanomaterials are highly effective, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly antibacterial agents or platform nanomaterials for combatting MDR bacterial infections.

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14

Vita, Nicole A., Shelby M. Anderson, Michael D. LaFleur, and Richard E. Lee. "Targeting Helicobacter pylori for antibacterial drug discovery with novel therapeutics." Current Opinion in Microbiology 70 (December 2022): 102203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2022.102203.

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15

Nikolich, Mikeljon P., and Andrey A. Filippov. "Bacteriophage Therapy: Developments and Directions." Antibiotics 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9030135.

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In an era of proliferating multidrug resistant bacterial infections that are exhausting the capacity of existing chemical antibiotics and in which the development of new antibiotics is significantly rarer, Western medicine must seek additional therapeutic options that can be employed to treat these infections. Among the potential antibacterial solutions are bacteriophage therapeutics, which possess very different properties from broad spectrum antibiotics that are currently the standard of care, and which can be used in combination with them and often provide synergies. In this review we summarize the state of the development of bacteriophage therapeutics and discuss potential paths to the implementation of phage therapies in contemporary medicine, focused on fixed phage cocktail therapeutics since these are likely to be the first bacteriophage products licensed for broad use in Western countries.

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16

Taylor, Peter W. "Novel therapeutics for bacterial infections." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20160017.

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The relentless increase in antibiotic resistance among all major groups of bacterial pathogens shows no sign of abating. The situation is exacerbated by a marked decline in the number of new antibiotics entering the marketplace. It is essential that new ways to treat severe bacterial infections are investigated before the antibiotic well runs dry. This review covers many promising approaches, some novel and some based on old ideas that were not considered viable when clinicians were able to exploit a wide palette of cheap and effective antibacterial chemotherapeutics. These approaches include the use of photosensitive dyes, bacteriophage and phage-encoded proteins, and agents that compromise virulence and antibiotic-resistance machineries. I also make a case for continuing in some form with tried and trusted platforms for drug discovery that served society well in the past.

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17

Kumar, Harish, Kushal Kumar Bansal, and Anju Goyal. "Synthetic Methods and Antimicrobial Perspective of Pyrazole Derivatives: An Insight." Anti-Infective Agents 18, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352517666191022103831.

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Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against cutting-edge therapeutics, innovative and robust medicinal agents are required. Small ring heterocycles, such as pyrazole and its derivatives have been acknowledged to possess myriad biological properties and the presence of pyrazole in clinics like celecoxib, phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), CDPPB (antipsychotic), rimonabant (anti-obesity), antipyrine, difenamizole (analgesic), fipronil (broad-spectrum insecticidal), betazole (H2-receptor agonist) and fezolamide (antidepressant) drugs has proven the pharmacological perspective of pyrazole nucleus. Objectives: The current review paper aimed at a recent update made on novel methodologies adopted in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with the emphasis on antibacterial (DNA gyrase inhibition) and antifungal activities. Methods: Pyrazole is one of the major tools to be investigated in drug design and discovery. Many studies have been reported by researchers that have claimed the significant biological potential of these derivatives. However, numerous studies on pyrazoles compounds shown to exhibit potential antifungal and antibacterial activities, the focus has also been made on DNA gyrase inhibition. Additionally, some important patents granted to this heterocyclic nucleus related to antimicrobial potential are also addressed appropriately. Results: DNA gyrase is a promising biotarget yet to be explored against a number of medicinal agents. The present work provides valuable insight into synthetic methods and antibacterials/antifungal significance of pyrazoles in general as well as new inhibitors of DNA gyrase in particular. Conclusion: The manuscript constitutes a valuable reference which advocates candidature of pyrazoles as a potential therapeutic alternative as antibacterial and antifungal agent.

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Smola-Dmochowska, Anna, Kamila Lewicka, Alicja Macyk, Piotr Rychter, Elżbieta Pamuła, and Piotr Dobrzyński. "Biodegradable Polymers and Polymer Composites with Antibacterial Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 7473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087473.

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Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health and food security today. It becomes increasingly difficult to treat infectious disorders because antibiotics, even the newest ones, are becoming less and less effective. One of the ways taken in the Global Plan of Action announced at the World Health Assembly in May 2015 is to ensure the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In order to do so, attempts are made to develop new antimicrobial therapeutics, including biomaterials with antibacterial activity, such as polycationic polymers, polypeptides, and polymeric systems, to provide non-antibiotic therapeutic agents, such as selected biologically active nanoparticles and chemical compounds. Another key issue is preventing food from contamination by developing antibacterial packaging materials, particularly based on degradable polymers and biocomposites. This review, in a cross-sectional way, describes the most significant research activities conducted in recent years in the field of the development of polymeric materials and polymer composites with antibacterial properties. We particularly focus on natural polymers, i.e., polysaccharides and polypeptides, which present a mechanism for combating many highly pathogenic microorganisms. We also attempt to use this knowledge to obtain synthetic polymers with similar antibacterial activity.

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Khan, Salman, Khurshid Ahmad, Ajaz Ahmad, Mohammad Raish, Basit L. Jan, Altaf Khan, and Mohd Sajid Khan. "Biogenic pentagonal silver nanoparticles for safer and more effective antibacterial therapeutics." International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 13 (November 2018): 7789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s168224.

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20

Panchal, Rekha G., Ricky L. Ulrich, Douglas Lane, Michelle M. Butler, Chad Houseweart, Timothy Opperman, John D. Williams, et al. "Novel Broad-Spectrum Bis-(Imidazolinylindole) Derivatives with Potent Antibacterial Activities against Antibiotic-Resistant Strains." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 10 (July 27, 2009): 4283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01709-08.

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ABSTRACT Given the limited number of structural classes of clinically available antimicrobial drugs, the discovery of antibacterials with novel chemical scaffolds is an important strategy in the development of effective therapeutics for both naturally occurring and engineered resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, several diarylamidine derivatives were evaluated for their ability to protect macrophages from cell death following infection with Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Four bis-(imidazolinylindole) compounds were identified with potent antibacterial activity as measured by the protection of macrophages and by the inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro. These compounds were effective against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, including several antibiotic-resistant strains. Minor structural variations among the four compounds correlated with differences in their effects on bacterial macromolecular synthesis and mechanisms of resistance. In vivo studies revealed protection by two of the compounds of mice lethally infected with B. anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Yersinia pestis. Taken together, these results indicate that the bis-(imidazolinylindole) compounds represent a new chemotype for the development of therapeutics for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species as well as against antibiotic-resistant infections.

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21

Huang, Kai, Zhongjun Li, Jing Lin, Gang Han, and Peng Huang. "Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for biomedical applications." Chemical Society Reviews 47, no. 14 (2018): 5109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00838d.

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MXenes with an ultrathin structure and fascinating physiochemical (electronic, optical, magnetic, etc.) properties have great potential for biomedical applications, such as biosensors, antibacterial materials, bioimaging probes, therapeutics, and theranostics.

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22

Shortridge, Dee, Jennifer M. Streit, Michael D. Huband, Paul R. Rhomberg, and Robert K. Flamm. "In Vitro Evaluation of Delafloxacin Activity when Tested Against Contemporary community-Acquired Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infection Isolates (2014–2016): Results from the Sentry Antimicrobial Surveillance Program." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.904.

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Abstract Background Delafloxacin (DLX) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterial that has completed clinical development (oral and intravenous formulations) with the new drug application currently under the Food and Drug Administration review for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). DLX is also in clinical trials for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. In this study, in vitro susceptibility results for DLX and comparator agents were determined for clinical isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTI) collected in medical centers in the United States and Europe participating in the SENTRY surveillance program during 2014–2016. Methods A total of 3,093 isolates that included 1,673 Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN), 805 Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and 555 Moraxella catarrhalis (MC) were collected during 2014–2016 and included only 1 isolate/patient/infection episode. Isolate identifications were confirmed at JMI Laboratories. Susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI reference broth microdilution methodology, and results were interpreted per CLSI (2017) breakpoints. Other antibacterials tested included levofloxacin (LVX) and penicillin. Β-lactamase production for HI and MC was determined by the nitrocephin disk test. Results DLX demonstrated potent in vitro activity against SPN (MIC50/90 0.015/0.03 mg/L). Activity remained the same for penicillin-intermediate or -resistant isolates. For 23 LVX nonsusceptible SPN, the DLX MIC50/90 were 0.12/0.25 mg/L with all isolates having DLX MIC values ≤1 mg/L. For HI, the DLX MIC50/90 were ≤0.001/0.004 mg/L, and for MC the MIC50/90 were 0.008/0.008 mg/L. DLX activity was unaffected by the presence of β-lactamase for either HI or MC. Activity of DLX was similar for US and European isolates. Conclusion Delafloxacin demonstrated potent in vitro antibacterial activity against CA-RTI pathogens, including SPN, HI, and MC. These data support the continued study of DLX as a potential treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. Disclosures D. Shortridge, Melinta Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; J. M. Streit, Melinta Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. D. Huband, Melinta Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; P. R. Rhomberg, Melinta Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Melinta Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant

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23

Barnard, Anne M. L., and James A. Cass. "Targetable nano-delivery vehicles to deliver anti-bacterial small acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) genes." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 5, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20210147.

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Interest in phage-based therapeutics is increasing, at least in part due to the need for new treatment options for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is possible to use wild-type (WT) phages to treat bacterial infections, but it is also possible to modify WT phages to generate therapeutics with improved features. Here, we will discuss features of Phico Therapeutics’ SASPject technology, which modifies phages for use as targetable nano-delivery vehicles (NDV), to introduce antibacterial Small Acid Soluble Spore Protein (SASP) genes into specific target bacteria.

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24

Luo, Jiaoyang, Dan Yan, Meihua Yang, Xiaoping Dong, and Xiaohe Xiao. "Multicomponent Therapeutics of Berberine Alkaloids." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/545898.

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Although berberine alkaloids (BAs) are reported to be with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activities, the interactions among BAs have not been elucidated. In the present study, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was chosen as a model organism, and modified broth microdilution was applied for the determination of the fluorescence absorption values to calculate the anti-MRSA activity of BAs. We have initiated four steps to seek the optimal combination of BAs that are (1) determining the anti-MRSA activity of single BA, (2) investigating the two-component combination to clarify the interactions among BAs by checkerboard assay, (3) investigating the multicomponent combination to determine the optimal ratio by quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination design, and (4)in vivoandin vitrovalidation of the optimal combination. The results showed that the interactions among BAs are related to their concentrations. The synergetic combinations included “berberine and epiberberine,” “jatrorrhizine and palmatine” and “jatrorrhizine and coptisine”; the antagonistic combinations included “coptisine and epiberberine”. The optimal combination was berberine : coptisine : jatrorrhizine : palmatine : epiberberine = 0.702 : 0.863 : 1 : 0.491 : 0.526, and the potency of the optimal combination on cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mouse model was better than the natural combinations of herbs containing BAs.

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Tavares, Marina Rodrigues, Michal Pechar, Petr Chytil, and Tomáš Etrych. "Polymer‐Based Drug‐Free Therapeutics for Anticancer, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antibacterial Treatment." Macromolecular Bioscience 21, no. 8 (August 2021): 2170021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202170021.

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Tavares, Marina Rodrigues, Michal Pechar, Petr Chytil, and Tomáš Etrych. "Polymer‐Based Drug‐Free Therapeutics for Anticancer, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antibacterial Treatment." Macromolecular Bioscience 21, no. 8 (May 18, 2021): 2100135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202100135.

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Khatri, Savita, Manish Kumar, Neetu Phougat, Renu Chaudhary, and Anil Kumar Chhillar. "Perspectives on Phytochemicals as Antibacterial Agents: An Outstanding Contribution to Modern Therapeutics." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 4 (February 1, 2016): 290–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955751604160201150438.

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28

Muijsers, Mariska, An Martel, Pascale Van Rooij, Kris Baert, Griet Vercauteren, Richard Ducatelle, Patrick De Backer, Francis Vercammen, Freddy Haesebrouck, and Frank Pasmans. "Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?" BMC Veterinary Research 8, no. 1 (2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-175.

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Gupta, Akash, Ryan F. Landis, and Vincent M. Rotello. "Nanoparticle-Based Antimicrobials: Surface Functionality is Critical." F1000Research 5 (March 16, 2016): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7595.1.

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Bacterial infections cause 300 million cases of severe illness each year worldwide. Rapidly accelerating drug resistance further exacerbates this threat to human health. While dispersed (planktonic) bacteria represent a therapeutic challenge, bacterial biofilms present major hurdles for both diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles have emerged recently as tools for fighting drug-resistant planktonic bacteria and biofilms. In this review, we present the use of nanoparticles as active antimicrobial agents and drug delivery vehicles for antibacterial therapeutics. We further focus on how surface functionality of nanomaterials can be used to target both planktonic bacteria and biofilms.

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30

SEPTAMA, Abdi Wira, Nordin SIMBAK, and Eldiza Puji RAHMI. "Prospect of Plant-based Flavonoids to Overcome Antibacterial Resistance: A Mini-Review." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5583.

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Although antibiotic has been frequently used for the treatment of infection, it has led to the emergence of resistant problem. Plant-derived compounds are alternative source for discovering novel therapeutics. Flavonoid is widely distributed and present in plant kingdom. This compound possessed several pharmacological properties including antibacterial. This review aims to present some information about the potency of flavonoids as antibacterial compound including their mechanism of antibacterial action as well as the relationship between their activity and flavonoid structure. The synergistic effect of flavonoids when used in combination with antibiotics against resistant bacterial is also described. Published literatures were collected from data bases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus. Scientific papers were selected based on information of antibacterial activity of flavonoid compounds. The information may provide an insight on the potency of flavonoid compounds to overcome resistant problem.

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Mohammed, Afrah E., Sahar S. Alghamdi, Nada K. Alharbi, Fatma Alshehri, Rasha Saad Suliman, Fahad Al-Dhabaan, and Maha Alharbi. "Limoniastrum monopetalum–Mediated Nanoparticles and Biomedicines: In Silico Study and Molecular Prediction of Biomolecules." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 8014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228014.

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An in silico approach applying computer-simulated models helps enhance biomedicines by sightseeing the pharmacology of potential therapeutics. Currently, an in silico study combined with in vitro assays investigated the antimicrobial ability of Limoniastrum monopetalum and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by its aid. AgNPs mediated by L. monopetalum were characterized using FTIR, TEM, SEM, and DLS. L. monopetalum metabolites were detected by QTOF–LCMS and assessed using an in silico study for pharmacological properties. The antibacterial ability of an L. monopetalum extract and AgNPs was investigated. PASS Online predictions and the swissADME web server were used for antibacterial activity and potential molecular target metabolites, respectively. Spherical AgNPs with a 68.79 nm average size diameter were obtained. Twelve biomolecules (ferulic acid, trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid, catechin, pinoresinol, gallic acid, myricetin, 6-hydroxyluteolin, 6,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, methyl gallate, isorhamnetin, chlorogenic acid, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 6-O-(6-deoxy-β-l-mannopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside) were identified. The L. monopetalum extract and AgNPs displayed antibacterial effects. The computational study suggested that L. Monopetalum metabolites could hold promising antibacterial activity with minimal toxicity and an acceptable pharmaceutical profile. The in silico approach indicated that metabolites 8 and 12 have the highest antibacterial activity, and swissADME web server results suggested the CA II enzyme as a potential molecular target for both metabolites. Novel therapeutic agents could be discovered using in silico molecular target prediction combined with in vitro studies. Among L. Monopetalum metabolites, metabolite 12 could serve as a starting point for potential antibacterial treatment for several human bacterial infections.

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Blount, Kenneth F., Cynthia Megyola, Mark Plummer, David Osterman, Tim O'Connell, Paul Aristoff, Cheryl Quinn, et al. "Novel Riboswitch-Binding Flavin Analog That Protects Mice against Clostridium difficile Infection without Inhibiting Cecal Flora." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 9 (July 13, 2015): 5736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01282-15.

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ABSTRACTNovel mechanisms of action and new chemical scaffolds are needed to rejuvenate antibacterial drug discovery, and riboswitch regulators of bacterial gene expression are a promising class of targets for the discovery of new leads. Herein, we report the characterization of 5-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-7,8-dimethylpyrido[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1,3(2H,5H)-dione (5FDQD)—an analog of riboflavin that was designed to bind riboswitches that naturally recognize the essential coenzyme flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and regulate FMN and riboflavin homeostasis.In vitro, 5FDQD and FMN bind to and trigger the function of an FMN riboswitch with equipotent activity. MIC and time-kill studies demonstrated that 5FDQD has potent and rapidly bactericidal activity againstClostridium difficile. In C57BL/6 mice, 5FDQD completely prevented the onset of lethal antibiotic-inducedC. difficileinfection (CDI). Against a panel of bacteria representative of healthy bowel flora, the antibacterial selectivity of 5FDQD was superior to currently marketed CDI therapeutics, with very little activity against representative strains from theBacteroides,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Actinomyces, andPrevotellagenera. Accordingly, a single oral dose of 5FDQD caused less alteration of culturable cecal flora in mice than the comparators. Collectively, these data suggest that 5FDQD or closely related analogs could potentially provide a high rate of CDI cure with a low likelihood of infection recurrence. Future studies will seek to assess the role of FMN riboswitch binding to the mechanism of 5FDQD antibacterial action. In aggregate, our results indicate that riboswitch-binding antibacterial compounds can be discovered and optimized to exhibit activity profiles that merit preclinical and clinical development as potential antibacterial therapeutic agents.

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Islam, Md Badrul, Md Inshaful Islam, Nikhil Nath, Talha Bin Emran, Md Rezaur Rahman, Rohit Sharma, and Mohammed Mahbubul Matin. "Recent Advances in Pyridine Scaffold: Focus on Chemistry, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activities." BioMed Research International 2023 (May 18, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9967591.

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Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have created a fatal problem for human health and antimicrobial treatment. Among the currently available antibiotics, many are inactive against MDR pathogens. In this context, heterocyclic compounds/drugs play a vital role. Thus, it is very much essential to explore new research to combat the issue. Of the available nitrogen-bearing heterocyclic compounds/drugs, pyridine derivatives are of special interest due to their solubility. Encouragingly, some of the newly synthesized pyridine compounds/drugs are found to inhibit multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Pyridine scaffold bearing poor basicity generally improves water solubility in pharmaceutically potential molecules and has led to the discovery of numerous broad-spectrum therapeutic agents. Keeping these in mind, we have reviewed the chemistry, recent synthetic techniques, and bacterial preventative activity of pyridine derivatives since 2015. This will facilitate the development of pyridine-based novel antibiotic/drug design in the near future as a versatile scaffold with limited side effects for the next-generation therapeutics.

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Maulana, Afif Rifqie, Bawon Triatmoko, and Mochammad Amrun Hidayat. "Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Waru Gunung (Hibiscus macrophyllus) dan Fraksinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus." Pustaka Kesehatan 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/pk.v9i1.16432.

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Infection is one of the main causes of world health problems, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, one of which is an acute respiratory infection caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Therapeutics are used for the treatment of infections today with antibiotics. However, there are many cases of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that need to develop alternatives derived from plants. One of the plants that have antibacterial activity is the leaves of Waru Gunung (Hibiscus macrophyllus). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ethanolic extract of H. macrophyllus leaves and their fractions have antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The method used in this antibacterial activity test is the disk diffusion method with a test concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The results of this study indicate that all test samples have antibacterial activity except in the water fraction. The highest antibacterial activity was obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction which attracted semipolar compounds in the ethanolic extract of H. macrophyllus leaves. The antibacterial activity of the test samples in sequence from high to low includes ethyl acetate fraction, ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction.

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Meena, Khem Raj, and Shamsher S. Kanwar. "Lipopeptides as the Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents: Applications in Food Safety and Therapeutics." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/473050.

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A lot of crops are destroyed by the phytopathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast leading to economic losses to the farmers. Members of theBacillusgenus are considered as the factories for the production of biologically active molecules that are potential inhibitors of growth of phytopathogens. Plant diseases constitute an emerging threat to global food security. Many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable and thus cause extended environmental pollution. Moreover, an increasing number of phytopathogens have developed resistance to antimicrobial agents. The lipopeptides have been tried as potent versatile weapons to deal with a variety of phytopathogens. All the three families ofBacilluslipopeptides, namely, Surfactins, Iturins and Fengycins, have been explored for their antagonistic activities towards a wide range of phytopathogens including bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Iturin and Fengycin have antifungal activities, while Surfactin has broad range of potent antibacterial activities and this has also been used as larvicidal agent. Interestingly, lipopeptides being the molecules of biological origin are environmentally acceptable.

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Dai, Chongshan, Jiahao Lin, Hui Li, Zhangqi Shen, Yang Wang, Tony Velkov, and Jianzhong Shen. "The Natural Product Curcumin as an Antibacterial Agent: Current Achievements and Problems." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030459.

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The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance and lack of effective drugs for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria in animal and human medicine have forced us to find new antibacterial strategies. Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against bacterial infection and are still an important source for the discovery of novel antibacterial drugs. Curcumin, an important constituent of turmeric, is considered safe for oral consumption to treat bacterial infections. Many studies showed that curcumin exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial action of curcumin involves the disruption of the bacterial membrane, inhibition of the production of bacterial virulence factors and biofilm formation, and the induction of oxidative stress. These characteristics also contribute to explain how curcumin acts a broad-spectrum antibacterial adjuvant, which was evidenced by the markedly additive or synergistical effects with various types of conventional antibiotics or non-antibiotic compounds. In this review, we summarize the antibacterial properties, underlying molecular mechanism of curcumin, and discuss its combination use, nano-formulations, safety, and current challenges towards development as an antibacterial agent. We hope that this review provides valuable insight, stimulates broader discussions, and spurs further developments around this promising natural product.

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Zhang, Kun, Heng Zhang, Chunyu Gao, Ruibo Chen, and Chunli Li. "Antimicrobial Mechanism of pBD2 against Staphylococcus aureus." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153513.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show high antibacterial activity against pathogens, which makes them potential new therapeutics to prevent and cure diseases. Porcine beta defensin 2 (pBD2) is a newly discovered AMP and has shown antibacterial activity against different bacterial species including multi-resistant bacteria. In this study, the functional mechanism of pBD2 antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. After S. aureus cells were incubated with different concentrations of pBD2, the morphological changes in S. aureus and locations of pBD2 were detected by electron microscopy. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were also analyzed. The results showed that the bacterial membranes were broken, bulging, and perforated after treatment with pBD2; pBD2 was mainly located on the membranes, and some entered the cytoplasm. Furthermore, 31 DEGs were detected and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The known functional DEGs were associated with transmembrane transport, transport of inheritable information, and other metabolic processes. Our data suggest that pBD2 might have multiple modes of action, and the main mechanism by which pBD2 kills S. aureus is the destruction of the membrane and interaction with DNA. The results imply that pBD2 is an effective bactericide for S. aureus, and deserves further study as a new therapeutic substance against S. aureus.

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Hitt, Samantha J., Barney M. Bishop, and Monique L. van Hoek. "Komodo-dragon cathelicidin-inspired peptides are antibacterial against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001260.

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Introduction. The rise of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a growing crisis that requires development of novel therapeutics. Hypothesis. To this end, cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent a possible source of new potential therapeutics to treat difficult pathogens such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), which has gained resistance to many if not all currently approved antibiotics, making treatment difficult. Aim. To examine the anti-CRKP antimicrobial activity of the predicted cathelicidins derived from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon) as well as synthetic antimicrobial peptides that we created. Methodology. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the peptides against CRKP. We also characterized the abilities of these peptides to disrupt the hyperpolarization of the bacterial membrane as well as their ability to form pores in the membrane. Results. We did not observe significant anti-CRKP activity for the predicted native Komodo cathelicidin peptides. We found that the novel peptides DRGN-6,-7 and -8 displayed significant antimicrobial activity against CRKP with MICs of 4–8 µg ml−1. DRGN-6 peptide was the most effective peptide against CRKP. Unfortunately, these peptides showed higher than desired levels of hemolysis, although in vivo testing in the waxworm Galleria mellonella showed no mortality associated with treatment by the peptide; however, CRKP-infected waxworms treated with peptide did not show an improvement in survival. Conclusion. Given the challenges of treating CRKP, identification of peptides with activity against it represents a promising avenue for further research. Given DRGN-6′s similar level of activity to colistin, DRGN-6 is a promising template for the development of novel antimicrobial peptide-based therapeutics.

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Bashir, Asma, Kashif Ali, Khair Bux, Neha Farid, Mitra Khaireabadi, Khwaja Ali Hassan, Abrar Hussain, et al. "Molecular Characterization, Purification, and Mode of Action of Enterocin KAE01 from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its In Silico Analysis against MDR/ESBL Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122333.

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Bacteriocins are gaining immense importance in therapeutics since they show significant antibacterial potential. This study reports the bacteriocin KAE01 from Enterococcus faecium, along with its characterization, molecular modeling, and antibacterial potency, by targeting the matrix protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacteriocin was purified by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and its molecular weight was estimated as 55 kDa by means of SDS-PAGE. The bacteriocin was found to show stability in a wide range of pH values (2.0–10.0) and temperatures (100 °C for 1 h and 121 °C for 15 min). Antimicrobial screening of the purified peptide against different strains of P. aeruginosa showed its significant antibacterial potential. Scanning electron microscopy of bacteriocin-induced bacterial cultures revealed significant changes in the cellular morphology of the pathogens. In silico molecular modeling of KAE01, followed by molecular docking of the matrix protein (qSA) of P. aeruginosa and KAE01, supported the antibacterial potency and SEM findings of this study.

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ALKHULAIFI, M., M. ALWEHAIBI, J. ALSHEHRI, M. AWAD, N. ALDOSARI, A. HENDI, and K. ORTASHI. "RED SAND SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES: CHARACTERIZATION AND THEIR BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL." Journal of Optoelectronic and Biomedical Materials 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jobm.2020.124.95.

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Since the ability of bacteria to acquire resistance is increasing, it is important to find alternative therapeutics. One possible way to deal with this problem is the use of nanoparticles as possible alternatives to antibiotic therapy. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are viewed as a novel type of antibacterial agents. AgNPs can be synthesized using raw materials, such as red sand that found in nature. Characterization of the AgNPs was achieved using variety spectroscopic and microscopic devises. AgNPs showed antibacterial activity and large effect when combined with different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris.

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Hatfull, Graham F. "Exploring the possibilities of bacteriophages for tuberculosis." Open Access Government 39, no. 1 (July 7, 2023): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-039-10795.

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Exploring the possibilities of bacteriophages for tuberculosis Bacteriophages have long offered prospects for treating bacterial infections. Is it time to use phages to control tuberculosis? Professor Graham F. Hatfull explores this. Bacteriophages – phages for short – are viruses that infect bacteria. They were discovered about 100 years ago and are prevalent throughout the biosphere and indeed throughout our bodies. Phages infect and kill bacteria as they replicate, and because of this antibacterial action, they have long been recognized as having therapeutic potential. This potential was largely side-lined once broad-acting antibiotics were discovered, but the troubling emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance has prompted the revisitation of bacteriophage therapeutics.

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Meganathan, Rangaswamy, and Timothy J Hagen. "Kenyan Traditional Medicine: Exploring Solutions to the Modern Antibacterial Crises through Natural Products Chemistry." Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 9, no. 4 (June 23, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100347.

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Plant extracts of Kenyan medicinal plants inhibited E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and M. smegmatis. Further investigation of plant extracts may lead to new therapeutics against infectious bacteria

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Blair, Jessica M. A., Vassiliy N. Bavro, Vito Ricci, Niraj Modi, Pierpaolo Cacciotto, Ulrich Kleinekathӧfer, Paolo Ruggerone, et al. "AcrB drug-binding pocket substitution confers clinically relevant resistance and altered substrate specificity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 11 (March 3, 2015): 3511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419939112.

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The incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is increasing globally and the need to understand the underlying mechanisms is paramount to discover new therapeutics. The efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria have a broad substrate range and transport antibiotics out of the bacterium, conferring intrinsic multidrug resistance (MDR). The genomes of pre- and posttherapy MDR clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium from a patient that failed antibacterial therapy and died were sequenced. In the posttherapy isolate we identified a novel G288D substitution in AcrB, the resistance-nodulation division transporter in the AcrAB-TolC tripartite MDR efflux pump system. Computational structural analysis suggested that G288D in AcrB heavily affects the structure, dynamics, and hydration properties of the distal binding pocket altering specificity for antibacterial drugs. Consistent with this hypothesis, recreation of the mutation in standard Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains showed that G288D AcrB altered substrate specificity, conferring decreased susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin by increased efflux. At the same time, the substitution increased susceptibility to other drugs by decreased efflux. Information about drug transport is vital for the discovery of new antibacterials; the finding that one amino acid change can cause resistance to some drugs, while conferring increased susceptibility to others, could provide a basis for new drug development and treatment strategies.

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Peleg, Anton Y., Sebastian Jara, Divya Monga, George M. Eliopoulos, Robert C. Moellering, and Eleftherios Mylonakis. "Galleria mellonella as a Model System To Study Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenesis and Therapeutics." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (March 30, 2009): 2605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01533-08.

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ABSTRACT Nonmammalian model systems of infection such as Galleria mellonella (caterpillars of the greater wax moth) have significant logistical and ethical advantages over mammalian models. In this study, we utilize G. mellonella caterpillars to study host-pathogen interactions with the gram-negative organism Acinetobacter baumannii and determine the utility of this infection model to study antibacterial efficacy. After infecting G. mellonella caterpillars with a reference A. baumannii strain, we observed that the rate of G. mellonella killing was dependent on the infection inoculum and the incubation temperature postinfection, with greater killing at 37°C than at 30°C (P = 0.01). A. baumannii strains caused greater killing than the less-pathogenic species Acinetobacter baylyi and Acinetobacter lwoffii (P < 0.001). Community-acquired A. baumannii caused greater killing than a reference hospital-acquired strain (P < 0.01). Reduced levels of production of the quorum-sensing molecule 3-hydroxy-C12-homoserine lactone caused no change in A. baumannii virulence against G. mellonella. Treatment of a lethal A. baumannii infection with antibiotics that had in vitro activity against the infecting A. baumannii strain significantly prolonged the survival of G. mellonella caterpillars compared with treatment with antibiotics to which the bacteria were resistant. G. mellonella is a relatively simple, nonmammalian model system that can be used to facilitate the in vivo study of host-pathogen interactions in A. baumannii and the efficacy of antibacterial agents.

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Brady, Daniel, Alessandro Grapputo, Ottavia Romoli, and Federica Sandrelli. "Insect Cecropins, Antimicrobial Peptides with Potential Therapeutic Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 5862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235862.

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The alarming escalation of infectious diseases resistant to conventional antibiotics requires urgent global actions, including the development of new therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent potential alternatives in the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections. Here, we focus on Cecropins (Cecs), a group of naturally occurring AMPs in insects, and on synthetic Cec-analogs. We describe their action mechanisms and antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria and other pathogens. We report several data suggesting that Cec and Cec-analog peptides are promising antibacterial therapeutic candidates, including their low toxicity against mammalian cells, and anti-inflammatory activity. We highlight limitations linked to the use of peptides as therapeutics and discuss methods overcoming these constraints, particularly regarding the introduction of nanotechnologies. New formulations based on natural Cecs would allow the development of drugs active against Gram-negative bacteria, and those based on Cec-analogs would give rise to therapeutics effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Cecs and Cec-analogs might be also employed to coat biomaterials for medical devices as an approach to prevent biomaterial-associated infections. The cost of large-scale production is discussed in comparison with the economic and social burden resulting from the progressive diffusion of MDR infectious diseases.

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Sousa, Sílvia A., Joana R. Feliciano, Tiago Pita, Catarina F. Soeiro, Beatriz L. Mendes, Luis G. Alves, and Jorge H. Leitão. "Bacterial Nosocomial Infections: Multidrug Resistance as a Trigger for the Development of Novel Antimicrobials." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080942.

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Nosocomial bacterial infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, posing a huge burden to healthcare systems worldwide. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with the raised hospitalization of patients and the increased use of antimicrobial agents, boosted the emergence of difficult-to-treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospital settings. Therefore, current available antibiotic treatments often have limited or no efficacy against nosocomial bacterial infections, and novel therapeutic approaches need to be considered. In this review, we analyze current antibacterial alternatives under investigation, focusing on metal-based complexes, antimicrobial peptides, and antisense antimicrobial therapeutics. The association of new compounds with older, commercially available antibiotics and the repurposing of existing drugs are also revised in this work.

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Tong, Xianqin, Xiaoliang Qi, Ruiting Mao, Wenhao Pan, Mengying Zhang, Xuan Wu, Gang Chen, Jianliang Shen, Hui Deng, and Rongdang Hu. "Construction of functional curdlan hydrogels with bio-inspired polydopamine for synergistic periodontal antibacterial therapeutics." Carbohydrate Polymers 245 (October 2020): 116585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116585.

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Delgado, Yamixa, Céline Cassé, Yancy Ferrer-Acosta, Ivette J. Suárez-Arroyo, José Rodríguez-Zayas, Anamaris Torres, Zally Torres-Martínez, et al. "Biomedical Effects of the Phytonutrients Turmeric, Garlic, Cinnamon, Graviola, and Oregano: A Comprehensive Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 8477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188477.

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Phytonutrients are plant foods that contain many natural bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, which show specific biological activities. These phytonutrients and their phytochemicals may play an important role in health care maintaining normal organism functions (as preventives) and fighting against diseases (as therapeutics). Phytonutrients’ components are the primary metabolites (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and phytochemicals or secondary metabolites (i.e., phenolics, alkaloids, organosulfides, and terpenes). For years, several phytonutrients and their phytochemicals have demonstrated specific pharmacological and therapeutic effects in human health such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and immune response. This review summarizes the effects of the most studied or the most popular phytonutrients (i.e., turmeric, garlic, cinnamon, graviola, and oregano) and any reported contraindications. This article also presents the calculated physicochemical properties of the main phytochemicals in the selected phytonutrients using Lipinski’s, Veber’s, and Ghose’s rules. Based on our revisions for this article, all these phytonutrients have consistently shown great potential as preventives and therapeutics on many diseases in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.

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Chatterjee, Papiya, Nisha Gupta, and Jai Shankar Paul. "Synthesized Iron Nanoparticle via Green Approach and Evaluating its Antibacterial Potential." NewBioWorld 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/nbw-jaab.2021-3-2-7.

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Nanotechnology has found a wide range of application in almost every field such as food technology, biological remediation, agriculture, antibacterial activity, industrial and medicinal. This report mainly concerns with the work of green synthesis process used for the synthesis of FeNPs (metal salt– ferric chloride heptahydrate used as precursor) using plant leaf extract. Metal nanoparticles that are synthesized by using plants extract usually have non-toxic and eco-friendly impact. The plants used were Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) and Bael (Aegle marmelos) which acted as reducing and capping agent and also used for stabilizing the synthesised nanoparticle. The antibacterial study was investigated against two gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two gram negative (Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia. coli). Characterization of iron nanoparticle was done by UV-vis spectrophotometer. This work provides a strong basis of further research and development regarding antibacterial therapeutics using plants.

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NAIK, SANJAY, and SANJIT KUMAR. "APPLICATIONS OF PLANT LECTINS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences 11, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): e4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.4224.

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Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins broadly used in various therapeutic and biomedical applications. The variable affinity of lectins towards variety of carbohydrates has raised attention for the biologist to explore functional aspects of lectins. Lectins express specificity to simple carbohydrates for example mannose, lactose, sialic acid, complex glycan, and glycoproteins. Lectins are classified based on their sugar specificity and are used as a tool to study protein-carbohydrate interactions. Lectins are ubiquitous in nature and identified from all sources such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and animals. Plants are the most abundant source of lectins, and till now, more than three hundred lectins were characterized from plants. These are distributed to various parts of a plant according to their requirements and function. The physiological role of lectins in a plant is still not well understood. The overabundant presence of lectins in plant seeds and storage tissues indicated their role in plant development. Plant lectins shows a broad range of activities like antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, anticancerous, antileishmanial, antiviral, and anticoagulants. In this review, we aim to highlight the plant lectins classification and their application in various biological aspects.

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