Дисертації з теми "Anti-Avoidance Law"
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1
Rooijen, Ada van. "Anti-avoidance techniques : Canada and the Netherlands :." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Canada and the Netherlands have developed different anti-avoidance techniques. On 13 September 1987, a new general anti-avoidance rule came into effect in Canada. The scope of application of this new rule remains uncertain. Some writers have suggested that the rule incorporates the business purpose test and the step transaction doctrine, while others have contended that section 245 is a version of the abuse of rights doctrine. After a comparative analysis of Canadian and Dutch anti-avoidance techniques, it is suggested that section 245 is a Canadian version of the Dutch judicial doctrine of fraus legis. The two conditions for the application of both instruments, namely that the transaction was entered into with the motive or purpose to avoid tax, and that the avoidance transaction offends the object and spirit of the Act, are in fact the same.
2
Calvert, Teresa Michelle. "An analysis of the 2006 amendments to the General Anti-Avoidance Rules : a case law approach / T. Calvert." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tax avoidance has been a concern to revenue authorities throughout the ages, and revenue authorities worldwide are engaged in a constant struggle to ensure taxpayer compliance while combating tax avoidance. South Africa is no exception to this struggle and the increasingly innovative ways in which taxpayers seek to minimise their tax burdens necessitate amendments in order to remain at the forefront of taxpayer compliance. In view of the above, the general anti-avoidance rules (GAAR) have been amended numerous times to address weaknesses. The most recent of these amendments are those of 1996 and 2006.
The research on GAAR in South Africa has focused on critical analyses once the legislation fails to stand up to the rigours of court, and has thus used the principle of hindsight to criticise GAAR and recommend improvements. However, in their current form (post-2006 amendments) the GAAR have not been presented before the courts, and thus the use of hindsight is not an appropriate tool to determine if the current GAAR regime has improved upon the weaknesses identified in the past. This study applied a qualitative case study approach to determine if the 2006 amendments to GAAR have in fact addressed these weaknesses. The current GAAR regime was applied to previous cases to determine if the unfavourable judgments for the Commissioner would now be considered favourable.
In executing this process, an instrument was developed in phase 1 of the literature study to apply the new GAAR to the cases. In the second phase of the study this framework was applied to case law in which the previous GAAR regimes failed to stand up to the rigours of court, thus determining whether the 2006 amendments to GAAR addressed the weaknesses of the previous GAAR regime. The final phase of the study consisted of a literature control to determine if similar such conclusions have been made by other commentators to support the findings of the study.
The findings of the case studies revealed that, on a balance of probabilities, none of the cases selected for analysis would have been held in favour of the Commissioner if they were brought to the courts today on the same grounds that they were attacked at the time and the courts used the instrument developed in phase 1 to apply the GAAR to these transactions. The study therefore indicates that the use of similar (often identical) wording of the purpose test as in the previous GAAR, as well as the use of the purpose test in conjunction with the amended abnormality test still result in a GAAR regime that may be an ineffective deterrent to tax avoidance.Thesis (M.Com. (South African and International Taxation))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
3
Lekman, Daniela Adela. "Principal purpose tests of tax treaty law in comparison with the General Anti-Avoidance rule of the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422870.
Повний текст джерела
4
Wang, Frederick. "Tax haven planning within the scope of the North American anti-avoidance legislation." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63890.
Повний текст джерела
5
Kujinga, Benjamin Tanyaradwa. "A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of the General Anti-Avoidance Rule as a Measure Against Impermissible Income Tax Avoidance in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis comparatively analyses the SA income tax general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) in s 80A-L of the Income Tax Act 58/1962 and similar rules in Australia, Canada, the UK and the judicial doctrines in the US and the UK. It is argued that, while the SA GAAR may serve as a deterrent, it is going to have limited efficacy against impermissible tax avoidance due to the uncertainty it creates. It is argued that uncertainty will cause judicial activism to protect permissible tax avoidance, extensive and inconsistent judicial interpretation and confusion amongst taxpayers and SARS as to what constitutes permissible or impermissible tax avoidance. This thesis ends by recommending certain amendments, based on the comparative analysis, to the SA GAAR which can reduce uncertainty and thus improve it efficacy.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Mercantile Law
Unrestricted
6
Prebble, Zoë, and John Prebble. "Comparing the General Anti-Avoidance Rule of Income Tax Law with the Civil Law Doctrine of Abuse of Law (Part I)." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123574.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper compares the general anti-avoidance rule of incometax law with the Civil Law doctrine of abuse of law (Rechtsmissbrauch, abusde droit) in eight jurisdictions: Germany, Croatia, New Zealand, Australia, France, the e uropean u nion, the u nited s tates and the United Kingdom. The paper addresses the statutory and judge-made general anti-avoidance rules in these jurisdictions and deals with the core concept of avoidance an on how these eight jurisdictions either frustrate avoidance or allow it.Este artículo compara la norma anti-elusiva general de la ley del impuesto a la renta con la doctrina del abuso de derecho del Civil Law(Nt 1) (Rechtsmissbrauch, abus de droit) en ocho jurisdicciones: Alemania, Croacia, Nueva Zelanda, Australia, Francia, la Unión Europea, los Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido. El artículo se ocupa de las normas anti-elusivas generales legislativas y jurisprudenciales en estas jurisdicciones y aborda el concepto central de la elusión. El artículo se enfoca en transacciones que la mayoría reconocería como elusivas y en cómo estas ocho jurisdicciones frustran la elusión o la permiten.
7
Prebble, Zoë, and John Prebble. "Comparing the General Anti-avoidance Rule of Income Tax Law with the Civil Law Doctrine of Abuse of Law (Part II)." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article compares and analyzes how member States of the European Union, the United States of America and the United Kingdom combat tax avoidance through its legal systems. The article addresses issues such as the influence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the case Cadbury Schweppes in establishing anti-avoidance rules in member States of the European Union and the application of Business Purpose Doctrine in the United States of America and the United Kingdom.El presente artículo compara y analiza la manera en que los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, los Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido combaten la elusión tributaria a través de sus sistemas legales. El artículo aborda temas como la influencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y el caso Cadbury Schweppes en el establecimiento de normas antielusivas en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, y la aplicación de la doctrina de la simulación en los Estados Unidos y en el Reino Unido.
8
Stopforth, David Paul. "A history of the anti-avoidance legislation applying to settlements for income tax purposes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254093.
Повний текст джерела
9
Prebble, John. "Kelsen, the Principle of Exclusion of Contradictions, and General Anti-Avoidance Rules in Tax Law." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4648/1/SSRN%2Did2645423.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The philosopher Hans Kelsen is most famous for his "pure theory of law", expounded in his book of that name. For most of his scholarly life, Kelsen argued that, as part of the pure theory, two norms that contradict one another within the same legal system breach the philosophical principle of exclusion of contradictions and therefore cannot both be valid at the same time. On some occasions he went further and argued that neither of two such norms can be valid. Famously, Kelsen changed to the opposite opinion later in life.
Both Kelsen's original and his ultimate positions on the principle of exclusion of contradictions shed light on an area of law that he never considered: general anti-avoidance
rules in income tax law, known as "GAARs". GAARs are increasingly common in tax statutes.
One cannot argue that GAARs give rise to what logicians call contradictions. Nevertheless, from a practical and substantive point of view the effect of a GAAR could loosely be described as akin to a contradiction of norms, in logical terms a breach of the principle of exclusion of contradictions. For instance, a GAAR may prevent a taxpayer from relying on a relieving provision in a tax statute, on the grounds that such reliance amounts in the circumstances to tax avoidance. For this kind of reason, people criticise GAARs because they are seen as breaching the principle of certainty, one of the foundations of the rule of law.
General principles in Kelsen's work shed light on the way in which GAARs operate and on the way in which they fit into the legal systems of which they form part. Although the effect of a GAAR has something in common with the effect of a breach of the principle of exclusion of contradictions, the unusual nature of tax law justifies the existence of GAARs. (author's abstract)Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
10
Haffejee, Yaasir. "A critical analysis of South Africa's general anti avoidance provisions in income tax legislation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This treatise was undertaken to critically analyse the new general anti avoidance rules (new GAAR) as set out in sections 80A to 80L of the Income Tax Act1. A discussion on the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance was performed in the first chapter. The goals of this treatise were then set out. An analysis of the requirements for the application of the new GAAR was performed in the second chapter. The courts have historically reviewed the circumstances surrounding an arrangement when determining whether tax avoidance has occurred. The new GAAR requires the individual steps of an arrangement to be reviewed in isolation. Secondly, the courts have historically held that the purpose test, when determining the taxpayer‘s purpose, was subjective. The wording of the new GAAR indicates that this test is now objective. Thirdly, the courts have historically viewed the abnormality of an arrangement based of the surrounding circumstances. The wording of the new GAAR requires an objective view of the arrangement. An analysis of the secondary provisions contained in sections 80I, 80B and 80J of the new GAAR was performed in the third chapter. With regards to section 80B, it was submitted that the Commissioner should issue an Interpretation Note detailing all the methods ―he deems appropriate.
11
Tooma, Rachel Anne Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "A case for a uniform statutory general anti-avoidance rule in Australian taxation legislation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taxpayer certainty is the most frequently cited argument against statutory General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAARs). However the vast literature criticising statutory GAARs fails to consider the extent of taxpayer uncertainty, and the potential for taxpayer uncertainty, in jurisdictions without a statutory GAAR. This thesis examines that gap in the literature. The thesis uses inductive reasoning to suggest that there is greater taxpayer certainty where a statutory GAAR exists and is appropriately administered. Specifically, it uses a case study to demonstrate that there is greater uncertainty for taxpayers where the administration, the judiciary and the legislature may use their vast powers to address perceived avoidance. The thesis then considers the form of a statutory GAAR that may best be expected to promote taxpayer certainty. Such analysis involves a comparison of Australia???s oldest statutory GAAR, Part IVA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) (and its predecessor section 260), with the more recent GAARs in Australia???s indirect tax legislation (GST and state stamp duty), and the GAARs of other jurisdictions, including New Zealand, Canada and South Africa. In order to promote taxpayer certainty, a uniform statutory GAAR is ultimately proposed for all Australian taxation legislation, with safeguards to ensure the appropriate administration of the uniform GAAR.
12
Fowler, Joshua Emmanuel. "The Trouble with Tax Avoidance: Two General Anti-Avoidance Rules, a Judicial Doctrine, and their Respective Implications for the value of Certainty in Tax Law." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Law, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tax avoidance is an exceedingly complex area of law. It is also a matter generally found not far from the headlines, or from the concerns of state and policy forums such as the G8 and the OECD. In an increasingly capital mobile world, the concern on the part of Governments for the protection of their sources of revenue has increased.
Adam Smith’s four canons of taxation are well known. In his work, The Wealth of Nations, Smith regarded the values of certainty, equity, efficiency and convenience as integral to the functioning of a tax system. Among these, however, Smith would seem to have regarded certainty as of particular significance. The prominence afforded to the value of certainty, in conjunction with the smaller role afforded the state likely contributed to the formalistic approach taken by the courts of the British Commonwealth to the interpretation of taxing statutes. In recent times, however, the importance of certainty among policy makers and jurists has declined. Although this is not to contend that the value of certainty has ceased to be a consideration, it would seem to have come to be regarded as a lesser value among many rather than an end in itself.
Although the optimal level of certainty within a jurisdiction is undoubtedly a matter for debate, the presence of uncertainty may carry with it a number of risks and unintended consequences which may hinder the achievement of the ends sought after by policy makers. These may include an increase in the rate of capital flight and in the use of asset sheltering devices, a decrease in the incidence of economic activity, and decreased rates of compliance among taxpayers. The value of certainty, in other words, may be of greater significance to the efficient functioning of a tax system than it has in recent times been thought to be.
In contending with tax avoidance, the countries of the British Commonwealth tend to employ either one of two instruments; a statutory General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR) or a judicial doctrine; an innovation of the common law. In this thesis, the writer sets out to examine the judicial doctrine applied in the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom (UK), and the statutory GAARs deployed in Canada and New Zealand, and the respective implications of each instrument for the value of certainty.
While the difference in the implications presented by the application of a broad judicial doctrine and a narrow GAAR may be slight, it is the writer’s contention that, all things held equal, the use of a judicial doctrine is likely to have a less deleterious effect on the value of certainty than a GAAR. Accordingly, it is the writer’s contention that the use of a judicial doctrine is for this reason be preferred.
13
Pidduck, Teresa Michelle Calvert. "The South African general anti-tax avoidance rule and lessons from the first world: a case law approach." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tax avoidance has been a concern to revenue authorities since the time that the concept of tax was first introduced. Revenue authorities worldwide constantly strive to ensure taxpayer compliance, while combating impermissible tax avoidance. South Africa uses a general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) as part of its arsenal to combat the increasingly innovative ways in which taxpayers seek to minimise their tax. However, the GAAR has been the source of much criticism and its effectiveness in combatting impermissible tax avoidance is untested in the courts. Therefore, the use of hindsight to criticise the GAAR is not possible. This study applied a qualitative approach to compare the South African, Australian and Canadian GAARs in order to propose changes which are intended to improve the efficacy of the South African GAAR. This research was performed by first comparing the three GAARs using a doctrinal research methodology and then applying the South African GAAR to the facts of selected cases from Australia and Canada in the form of reform-oriented research. In order to apply the South African GAAR to the facts of the cases a framework was developed in phase 1 of the research in order to ensure consistency in the application. This allowed for a more reliable analysis to be made regarding the areas where the South African GAAR could be improved. The convergence of results from the two research methodologies validated many of the suggestions made for the improvement of the South African GAAR This thesis examined the GAARs in South Africa, Australia and Canada with a view to identifying if there are any lessons to be learned for their application and interpretation, in order to suggest improvements which can be made to the South African GAAR. Further, relevant Australian and Canadian case law was found to be instructive as to the approach that could be adopted for purposes of applying the South African GAAR. The findings of the research revealed that while the South African, Australian and Canadian GAARs differ in their structure, each is directed to achieve the same end. The results of the study identified two types of improvements to the South African GAAR. Firstly, the South African GAAR should be consolidated into a three-part enquiry instead of the current four-part enquiry. In doing so the tainted elements (previously the abnormality requirement) could be used to inform an objective test of purpose. Secondly, guidance on areas of uncertainty regarding the application of the South African GAAR needs to be provided in order to prevent possible inconsistent judicial interpretations that may limit the efficacy of the GAAR whilst still protecting the right for taxpayers to legitimately minimise their tax burdens. One additional cause for concern highlighted in this research is the use of provisions from other jurisdictions without guidance on the application in the South African context. The use of similar provisions to that of its much-criticised predecessor has also introduced areas of uncertainty regarding the application of the South African GAAR. These areas of weakness and uncertainty arguably prevent the South African GAAR from being an effective deterrent to tax avoidance and many could be addressed by the legislature.
14
Loof, Grethe. "A critical analysis of the requirements of the South African General Anti Avoidance Rule Section 80A of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references.I welcome you in reading this research dissertation looking at the South African General Anti Avoidance Rule. I hope that this paper will shed some light on the complex requirements of the GAAR as contained in section 80A, read together with relevant sections.
15
Germano, Livia de Carli. "A elusão tributária e os limites à requalificação dos negócios jurídicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-19112010-083302/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente estudo examina os limites à requalificação dos negócios jurídicos no Brasil, seja pelas autoridades fiscais seja pelo legislador tributário (infraconstitucional) com a criação de regras específicas e gerais para o controle da elusão fiscal. Para tanto, considera-se a elusão fiscal como figura autônoma, buscando-se identificar os critérios para a delimitação desta zona cinzenta existente entre a conduta contra legem (evasão) e aquela que não contraria, quer direta quer indiretamente, o ordenamento (elisão), e que corresponde à prática de atos aparentemente lícitos mas que ferem indiretamente o ordenamento. A identificação de tais critérios coloca em relevo a importância da causa dos negócios jurídicos e a noção de ilicitude atípica que qualifica os atos e negócios aparentemente lícitos porém desprovidos de causa, engendrados exclusivamente com vistas à economia de tributos. Analisa-se então como o ordenamento positivo brasileiro trata esta categoria de atos e negócios, buscando delimitar o que a administração fiscal está autorizada a fazer no combate à elusão fiscal. Em seguida, passa-se ao exame do controle da elusão fiscal realizado pela via legislativa, analisando-se os limites ao estabelecimento de regras específicas de prevenção ou de correção da elusão baseadas em ficções e presunções, as regras antielusivas constantes de convenções internacionais firmadas pelo Brasil, bem como a experiência estrangeira no estabelecimento de regras gerais antielusivas. Ao final, abordamos o conteúdo da regra geral antielusiva brasileira.This research examines the limits applicable to the reclassification of activities by the Brazilian tax authorities or the Brazilian tax legislator (i.e., ordinary law) by means of specific and general anti-avoidance rules. For this purpose, we consider tax avoidance as an autonomous concept, which consists of those transactions that appear legitimate but are indirectly against rules, and we attempt to identify the criteria for delimitation of the gray area between an activity that represents a direct violation of Law tax evasion and one which does not infringe the law, either directly or indirectly valid tax planning. The identification of such criteria emphasizes the importance of the purpose behind a legal transaction and the idea of an illegality which is not expressly defined by law applicable to those acts and transactions that, despite appearing legitimate, have no substance and are exclusively structured for the purpose of saving taxes. We then analyze how Brazilian legislation treats such activities and transactions in order to identify the limits to which tax avoidance schemes can be regulated by Brazils tax authorities. Next, we examine how Brazilian tax legislation deals with tax avoidance, and analyze the limits on the establishment of specific anti-avoidance rules based upon fictions and presumptions, of anti-avoidance rules found in double tax treaties concluded by Brazil, and general anti-avoidance rules based upon other countries practices. Finally, we address the substance of the general anti-avoidance rule under the Brazilian tax system.
16
Fredericks, Martin. "Simulated transactions from a common-law perspective and whether this doctrine is still relevant in respect to the application of the current anti-avoidance rules." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the common-law principles pertaining to simulated transactions in an effort to protect our tax base and to expose unlawful tax evasion. This paper highlights what is currently regarded as a 'simulation' and how South Africa compares to international practices. I have divided my discussion into five parts, viz: 1. Analysis of the requirements for an effective tax system; 2. Discussion of common-law principles; 3. Simulated transactions from a common law perspective, 4. International case law on simulated transactions; and 5. Relevance of common-law principles to the current GAAR.
17
Massaga, Salome. "The general anti-avoidance section: a comparative analysis of Section 80a of the South African Tncome Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 and Section 35 of the Tanzanian Income Tax Act no. 11 of 2004." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study will be based on a comparative analysis of the general antiavoidance section of the South African Income Tax Act no. 58 of 1962 and the Tanzanian Income Tax Act no. 11 of 2004. The focus is on how the two provisions are interpreted by showing the similarities and differences. The approach will be analytical and comparative, starting by showing the concept of tax avoidance and historical backgrounds of the two provisions.
18
Tarsitano, Alberto. "Illegitimate Tax Avoidance and Rule XVI of Preliminary Title of Tax Code." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author analyzes a very important issue such as illegitimate tax avoidance. He begins by explaining the content of the concept of illegitimate tax avoidance, and also he points out the differences with other concepts like tax evasion and tax planning. Then, he comments the debate on the use of legal figures which doesn’t belong to Tax Law, in order to solve issue of illegitimate tax avoidance. Finally, he explains the scope and the application of the Peruvian general anti-avoidance rule stipulated in the Peruvian Tax Code.El autor analiza un tema de suma importancia como es el de la elusión fiscal. Se comienza esclareciendo el contenido del concepto de elusión, diferenciándolo de otros conceptos como la evasión fiscal y la economía de opción. Luego, pasa a recoger y comentar el debate en torno al uso de figuras ajenas al Derecho Tributario para dar solución al problema de la elusión fiscal. Finalmente, pasa a explicar el alcance y aplicación de la cláusula general antielusiva peruana estipulada en la norma XVI del Título Preliminar del Código tributario.
19
Tori, Vargas Fernando, and Alzza Efraín Rodríguez. "Alcances de la Norma Anti- Elusiva Específica Aplicable a la Reorganización de Sociedades." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyses national and international background of the anti-avoidance rule described in article 105-A of such law, its scope and its relationship with corporate reorganizations’ Peruvian income tax regime. In addition, the article will cover the discussion on the relationship between general anti-avoidance rule and specific anti-avoidance rules.El presente trabajo analiza los antecedentes nacionales e internacionales de la norma anti-elusiva vigente, prevista en el artículo 105-A de la referida Ley, su alcance y su relación con el régimen tributario aplicable a las reorganizaciones. Asimismo, se aborda la discusión sobre la dinámica en la aplicación de la citada norma con relación a la norma anti-elusiva general.
20
Quintella, Caio Cesar Nader. "Os princípios da legalidade e da segurança jurídica e o Parágrafo Único do Artigo 116 do Código Tributário Nacional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-19Complementary Law No. 104/2001 inserted the sole paragraph to Article 116 of the National Tax Code. Since such a provision was inserted in Chapter III of the Tax Codex, which deals with the triggering event and, specifically, in Article 116, for the regulation of the time of its occurrence, we would be facing a general rule that would affect the observation of occurrence of such a legal phenomenon. Given this legislative innovation of general application in the legal and tax relations, initially we analyze the interaction with the other elements that make up the national legal system, and verify its formal and material adequacy. Particularly given the immense thematic relevance of the topic and its regency in Tax Law as subsystem, we analyze the Principle of Legality, its scope and developments, to foster the engagement of provisions and effects brought with the insertion of the sole paragraph to Article 116 of the National Tax Code. Also, by the very result of such an analysis, we started to check the content, scope and consequences of the principle of legal certainty, which has an unquestionably great level abstraction and penetration into the national legal system in order to confront its corollary and impositions with the legal content and consequences of the instrument under investigation. Likewise, we address the institutes and subjects related to the central object of study, giving a greater depth to reflect on their compliance with the principles analyzed and on other general rules governing the Tax Law in Brazil. At the end, before all observations made on the subject, we promote the proper completion of the study
A Lei Complementar nº 104/2001 acrescentou ao artigo 116 do Código Tributário Nacional o seu parágrafo único. Posto que tal dispositivo foi inserido no Capítulo III do Codex tributário, que trata da ocorrência do fato gerador e, especificamente, no seu artigo 116, destinado à regulamentação do momento da sua ocorrência, estaríamos diante de uma norma geral que afetaria a constatação de ocorrência de tal fenômeno jurídico. Diante dessa inovação legislativa de alcance geral nas relações jurídico-tributárias, inicialmente analisa-se a sua interação com os demais elementos que compõem o sistema jurídico nacional, verificando sua adequação, formal e material. Particularmente, em face da imensa pertinência temática ao tema e à sua regência na seara do Direito Tributário como subsistema, analisa-se o Princípio da Legalidade, seu alcance e desdobramentos, para promover o confronto das prescrições e dos efeitos trazidos com a inserção do parágrafo único ao artigo 116 do Código Tributário Nacional. Igualmente, por decorrência da própria análise de tal instituto axiológico, passa-se a verificar o conteúdo, o alcance e os desdobramentos do Princípio da Segurança Jurídica, o qual inquestionavelmente possui grande abstração e penetração no sistema jurídico nacional, a fim de confrontar seu corolário e imposições com o conteúdo e os reflexos jurídicos do dispositivo sob investigação. Da mesma forma, abordam-se institutos e temas correlacionados ao objeto central de estudo, conferindo um maior aprofundamento à reflexão sobre a sua adequação aos princípios analisados e às demais normas gerais que regem o Direito Tributário no Brasil. Ao final, diante de todas constatações obtidas sobre tema proposto, promove-se a devida conclusão do estudo
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Villagra, Cayamana Renée Antonieta, and del Pino Fernando Enrique Zuzunaga. "Trends in corporative income taxation in Latin America." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this study is to expose the corporative income taxation granted by the legislations of different Latin American countries, trying to identify and analyze trends that emerge from such treatment. This paper does not intend to make a critical or comprehensive analysis of the corporative income taxation. This paper identifies the most important issues of the resident’s income taxation, deductible expenses, non-resident taxation and withholdings, and the anti-avoidance measures introduced by the domestic legislation of Latin American countries in order to avoid the base erosion.El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer el tratamiento del impuesto a la renta corporativo que otorgan las diferentes legislaciones de los países de Latinoamérica, procurando identificar y analizar las tendencias que de dicho tratamiento surgen; sin pretender hacer un análisis crítico ni exhaustivo de las mismas. Se identifican los aspectos más importantes del impuesto a la renta de los residentes, los gastos deducibles, los aspectos vinculados a la tributación de los no residentes, así como las medidas defensivas introducidas por las legislaciones domésticas que los Estados se han visto en la necesidad de implementar unilateralmente a fin de evitar laerosión de la base.
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Jung, Youjin. "L’imposition des plus-values de cessions directes et indirectes des entreprises dans l’Etat de la source : les exemples de la Chine, de la Corée du Sud et de l’Inde." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’Asie est une des principales destinations, en termes de volume, des investissements mondiaux. Or, l’existence d’une sécurité tant juridique que fiscale est un paramètre majeur dans les choix des investisseurs étrangers. Quelques affaires récentes dans cette région, notamment « Lone Star Fund » en Corée du Sud et « Vodafone » en Inde, semblent remettre en question l’existence d’une telle sécurité. Les activités de nombreuses entreprises étrangères articulées autour d’opérations d’achat et de revente de parts de sociétés sont spéculatives. La Chine, la Corée du Sud et l’Inde, ayant constaté l’importance des profits générés par une telle pratique spéculative, ont choisi de les imposer, en tant qu’Etat de la source, soit avec l’adoption des règles dites « general anti-avoidance rules (GAAR) », soit avec l’interprétation extensive d’un principe découlant d’une loi fiscale, soit encore avec l’amendement des règles des revenus réputés de source. Ce faisant, elles n’ont pas tenu compte de l’existence de société-relais et n’ont pas nécessairement justifié cette imposition qui semble contrevenir à leurs conventions fiscales. La première partie de cette thèse consiste à étudier le droit interne et la pratique judiciaire de ces Etats. Dans un second temps, elle examine dans quelle mesure cette imposition s’articule avec leurs conventions fiscales. Enfin, elle cherche à comprendre pourquoi elles ont choisi une telle politique fiscale et propose quelques solutions pour rehausser le degré de prévisibilité de leur système juridiqueAsia is one of the main destinations in terms of global investment volume. But the existence of legal and fiscal certainties is an important factor for investors’ choices. Several recent cases in the region, including “Lone Star Fund” in South Korea and “Vodafone” in India, seem to question the existence of such certainties. Many foreign enterprises focus on the shares’ purchase and re-sale, which could be linked to speculation. China, South Korea and India, as source states, having identified speculative business which is making huge profits, decided to tax them, with adopting General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) or a broad interpretation of a tax law principle and also the rule amendment on income deemed to accrue. In so doing, they ignored the presence of conduit companies and did not justify this taxation which would seem to be a breach of their tax treaties.Firstly, this study examines domestic law and judicial practice of these states. In the second phase, it evaluates the extent to which this taxation relates to their tax treaties. Finally, it seeks to understand why they opt for such a tax policy and proposes some solutions to raise the level of predictability of their legal system
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Okuma, Alessandra de Souza. "Normas anti-elusivas domésticas e internacionais no direito tributário internacional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8826.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-09The purpose of this paper is the analysis of anti-avoidance rules in the Brazilian law, as well as these provided by international treaties executed by Brasil, regarding the corporate income tax. Our opinion on the extension of the general anti-avoidance provision contained in domestic law is based on the following premises: (i) the theory of autopoietic systems by Niklas Luhmann; (ii) tax principles; (iii) concepts of civil Law on fraud, simulation and abuse. It reveals that the general anti-avoidance rule provided by Brazilian law should be applied exclusively in order to disregard transactions without a legal cause or structures presenting incompatibilities between form and substance, underling a tax avoidance purpose and lacking of a business rationale. We will define the extension of specific anti-avoidance rules contained in Brazilian law, namely: special tax regime for transactions involving residents in tax haven jurisdictions; transfer pricing and CFC legislation. We will point out situations which these provisions might possibly conflict with the benefits granted by a tax treaty executed by Brazil. Each case, we should suggest criteria and legal basis for interpretation of these rules, towards resolving conflicts, considering the pacta sunt servanda principle and domestic Brazilian rules. Notwithstanding, we will analyse anti-avoidance provisions contained in the tax treaties, in view of OECD s statements regarding the improper use of the treaties amended in 2003, suggesting an interpretation in accordance with the Vienna Convention for reconciling these provisions with the domestic rules provided by the Brazilian law system
O objeto deste trabalho é a análise das normas anti-elusivas veiculadas por leis brasileiras e pelas Convenções Internacionais para evitar a dupla tributação ( CIT ), no que concerne ao imposto sobre a renda da pessoa jurídica. Partiremos da teoria dos sistemas de Luhmann, dos princípios constitucionais tributários e das normas de direito privado para construir a norma geral anti-elusiva doméstica, tal como delineada pelo art. 116, parágrafo único do CTN. Demonstraremos que a aplicação dessa norma deve considerar critérios discriminantes precisos e adequados para distinguir elisão, elusão e evasão fiscal, quais sejam: a presença da causa jurídica e a compatibilidade da estrutura negocial. Utilizaremos estas premissas para construir o conteúdo de cada norma anti-elusiva específica com efeito internacional veiculada pelas leis brasileiras, notadamente: o regime fiscal especial para uso de países de tributação favorecida; o controle de preços de transferência e o regime de transparência fiscal internacional. Apontaremos situações que hipoteticamente podem representar conflitos entre as normas anti-elusivas específicas e o regime tributário veiculado pelas CITs celebradas pelo Brasil. Para cada caso, indicaremos uma proposta hermenêutica adequada para, quando possível, conjugar esta normas domésticas, com as normas internacionais, observando o princípio pacta sunt servanda e o art. 98 do Código Tributário Nacional. Interpretaremos também as normas anti-elusivas eivadas de fonte internacional, de acordo com o método de interpretação próprio das normas internacionais previsto na Convenção de Viena e construiremos seu conteúdo de forma compatível com o sistema jurídico brasileiro
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Bruce, Max James. "Multinational Corporate Tax Avoidance in Australia & Australia's Anti-Avoidance Law." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/134204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
If multinational companies don’t pay their taxes why the hell should I? It is a question
no doubt considered by every taxpayer at some point. Common assumption would have one
believe that multinational companies operating in Australia are avoiding the payment of a
substantial amount of taxes every year, however, is this the case? This answer is not
immediately apparent, indeed, there is a significant divergence of opinion as to the extent of
tax avoidance amongst multinational companies operating in Australia and by what means this
is being facilitated. This thesis identifies the extent of tax avoidance attributable to
multinational companies operating in Australia and establish by what means this is being
facilitated. This thesis concludes that the fiscal impact of multinational corporate tax avoidance
is less significant than is often stated and that it is primarily being driven by Thin Capitalisation
and Transfer Pricing activities. This conclusion is reached by analysing the existing literature
and on comparisons drawn with individual taxpayers in Australia and studies examining
multinational companies in other jurisdictions. However, it is concluded that the issue of
multinational corporate tax avoidance remains significant as it represents areas of structural
deficiency in the tax laws and is a contributing factor to tax avoidance and evasion by
individuals and other business taxpayers which impacts federal tax revenues to a far greater
extent. This thesis assesses the effectiveness of Australia’s current avoidance law in addressing
multinational corporate tax avoidance in light of significant international developments in the
area. It concludes that Australia’s anti-avoidance laws are reasonably well purposed but that
the general anti avoidance law is of limited continued utility. This conclusion is reached by
studying the development of Australia’s anti avoidance laws and comparing this with the
concurrent development of corporate tax avoidance practices as well as an examination of
international developments in anti-avoidance laws targeting multinational companies and
Australia’s responses to these developments. This thesis concludes by identifying how the
general anti avoidance law might be revised to better address current multinational corporate
tax avoidance practices.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Law School, 2021
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Kunstmann, Rioseco Matías. "General anti-avoidance rules : an analysis from the perspective of the rule of law." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=95110&T=F.
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Barreto, Isabella Coelho Paes. "Is the anti-tax avoidance directive´s (ATAD´S) general anti-abuse rule (GAAR) in line with the ECJ case law?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new general anti-abuse rule (GAAR) has been adopted as part of the Anti-Tax Avoidance
Directive of 12 July 2016 (ATAD), and will likely have worldwide implications regarding the
way companies operate and structure their businesses.
This dissertation intends to expose and develop the relationship between this new GAARs’
treatment of abuse and the one forged by the European Court of Justice throughout the years.
Throughout this endeavor several questions are raised about abuse, its prevention, the
methods used and their efficiency. Thus, first this study sets out to highlight the difficulties of
interpreting the concept of abuse of (tax) law, as well as the doctrine that was built around
it throughout the years. Subsequently it exposes the role of abuse (and measures taken to
prevent it) within the European Union legal order, as well as those based on the
jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice – further detailing the onus regarding the
burden of proof. Finally, part III establishes a recent trend towards mandatory GAAR
codification by exposing the traditional approach taken up until this point, as well as a
critical analysis of the scope, requirements and legal consequences related to the ATAD’s
GAAR.
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Maia, Diana Patrícia Tavares. "Cláusula geral anti abuso : lei antiga e lei nova, que diferenças?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A presente dissertação estuda a Cláusula Geral Anti Abuso consagrada na lei portuguesa. Tomando como ponto de partida as recentes alterações legislativas, é desenvolvida uma análise comparativa entre a lei nova e a lei antiga e traçado o pano de fundo do seu enquadramento na evolução verificada no panorama internacional. Para dar cumprimento a este objetivo, apresenta-se um estudo dos instrumentos internacionais que nos vão auxiliar na compreensão da realidade atual desta figura, e um estudo dos elementos característicos em vigor no regime nacional até à transposição da ATAD 1, e dos que vigoram no atual regime. Pretendemos, deste modo apurar, por um lado, se há diferenças significativas e, por outro, se esta alteração que deu origem à lei nova era efetivamente necessária para um combate mais eficiente à elisão fiscal.This dissertation studies the General Anti-Abuse Rule enshrined in Portuguese law. Taking as a starting point the recent legislative changes, a comparative analysis between the new law and the old law is developed and the background of its framing in the evolution verified in the international panorama is outlined. In order to fulfill this objective, a study is presented of the international instruments that will help us to understand the current reality of this figure, and a study of the characteristic elements in force in the national regime until the transposition of ATAD 1, and of those in force in the current regime. In this way, on the one hand we intend to determine whether there are any significant differences, and, on the other hand, whether this change that gave rise to the new law was indeed necessary for a more efficient fight against tax avoidance.
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Goebel, Arno. "The taxation of trusts : an analysis of S 25B and the anti-avoidance provisions contained in S 7 of the Income Tax Act no. 58 of 1962." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5621.
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Doussy, Elizabeth. "The taxation of electronic commerce and the implications for current taxation practices in South Africa." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analyses the nature and implementation of electronic commerce in order to
identify possible problems for taxation and pinpoint those problems which may be relevant
to South Africa. Solutions suggested by certain countries and institutions are evaluated for
possible implementation in South Africa.
The study suggests that although current taxation legislation in South Africa is apP'icable
to electronic commerce transactions it is not sufficient to cater effectively for this type of
business. The conclusion reached Is that international co-operation is essential in finding
solutions. A number of recommendations are made regarding aspects of South African
taxation legislation which need to be clarified through policy decisions.
Title ofTaxation
M.Comm.