Статті в журналах: "Anthropology of the Ancient World"

1

SMITH, TYLER JO. "The Ancient Greek World:The Ancient Greek World." Museum Anthropology 29, no. 1 (April 2006): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.2006.29.1.68.

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Banks, Marcus. "Ancient Mysteries and the Modern World." Anthropology Today 15, no. 5 (October 1999): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2678372.

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3

KING, STACIE M. "Food in the Ancient World." American Anthropologist 108, no. 4 (December 2006): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.4.883.

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4

Bevan, Andrew. "Globalizations and the Ancient World. Justin Jennings." Journal of Anthropological Research 67, no. 4 (December 2011): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.67.4.41303378.

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5

Llamas, Bastien, Xavier Roca Rada, and Evelyn Collen. "Ancient DNA helps trace the peopling of the world." Biochemist 42, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04201018.

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Many of us are fascinated by narratives regarding the origin and evolution of our species. Who are we? How did we people the world? Answers to these simple questions remain elusive even though researchers have been quite successful in describing past human morphology and culture using evidence from anthropology, archaeology, history, sociology and linguistics. However, when they address human migrations, archaeologists are somewhat restricted to surviving artifactual evidence and limited to descriptions of culture expansions, which may have occurred by the movement of either ideas or people. The advent of genomics, by which one can sequence whole or part of an individual's DNA, provided a powerful means to dig into past human demographic history. Notably, the coalescent theory posits that individuals in a population share genetic variants that originated from a common ancestor. This powerful theory is the basis for a number of bioanalytical innovations that utilize genetic data to reconstruct human movements around the world.

6

Miller, Jay, and Charles D. Trombold. "Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World." Ethnohistory 40, no. 2 (1993): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482210.

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7

Wojan, Katarzyna. "Wybrane wiadomości z etnobotaniki i etnofarmacji. karty z dziejow lecznictwa naturalnego." Studia Rossica Gedanensia, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 435–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/srg.2017.4.26.

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Selected issues from ethnobotany and ethno-pharmacy. Pages from the history of natural medicineThe article presents a brief history of natural medicine based on substances derived from plants, practiced in the world from the earliest days up until the era of presentday chemistry-based pharmaceuticals. The unusual properties of phytotherapy applied from the ancient times in various cultural and civilizational communities have been shown. The author describes the means available to the ancients, as well as the experiments and discoveries made by scholars of later ages. Attention was paid to the observations important for the development of medicine, medical anthropology and ethnobotany.

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Lucero, Lisa J. "A Cosmology of Conservation in the Ancient Maya World." Journal of Anthropological Research 74, no. 3 (September 2018): 327–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/698698.

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9

Gaido, Daniel. "Karl Kautsky on capitalism in the ancient World." Journal of Peasant Studies 30, no. 2 (January 2003): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150412331311179.

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10

Perdomo Marín, Juan Camilo. "The ancient mythology of modern science : a mythologist looks (seriously) at popular science writing, por Gregory Schrempp." Revista de Antropología y Sociología: Virajes 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/rasv.2020.22.2.14.

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Anthropology has a complex relationship with science modern. On the one hand, this discipline registers its investigative work within a scientific bet that monitors and builds criteria of validity, rigor and generality to objectively understand the social reality. On the other hand, anthropology not only studies scientific the multiple possibilities of existence of human beings, but in turn critically assesses disputes, legacies, and limits by means of which modern science thinks, represents and interrogate the world.

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Sousa, Lisa, and Allison Caplan. "Introduction: Knowledge of Birds and Feathers in the Ancient and Colonial Mesoamerican World." Ethnohistory 67, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-8266361.

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Abstract Birds and their feathers have long occupied a unique place in the social, cultural, and intellectual life of the Americas. This was particularly so in Mesoamerica, where ancient civilizations and colonial societies developed extensive knowledge of birds, their behaviors and habitats, and their vibrant plumage. This special issue brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines, including art history, history, and biology, to promote discussion among the arts, social sciences, and natural sciences on the role of birds and feathers in Mesoamerica. This introductory essay first provides a discussion of the major trends in the scholarship on birds and feathers in ancient and colonial Mesoamerica. It then highlights the contributions of the articles in the special issue to our understanding of the multifaceted roles that both symbolic and real birds and their feathers played in indigenous and transatlantic knowledge systems and societies.

12

Feller, V. V. "The Ankersmit’s Sublime Experience as a New Basis of Philosophic Anthropology." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 10, no. 1 (2010): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2010-10-1-85-87.

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In this article a new angle gets on the Ankersmit’s ontological theory of sublime historical experience. The conclusion: this theory gives an opportunity for more existentially significant perception of the “gap” experience between the mentality of the man of Ancient world and Modern history. This experience can be taken as a principle for the creation of a new alternative of philosophical anthropology proved historically.

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Halapsis, A. V. "Divine Evolution: Empedocles’ Anthropology." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 19 (June 30, 2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i19.236052.

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Purpose. Reconstruction of Empedocles’ doctrine from the point of view of philosophical anthropology. Theoretical basis. Methodological basis of the article is the anthropological comprehending of Empedocles’ text fragments presented in the historical-philosophical context. Originality. Cognition of nature in Ancient Greece was far from the ideal of the objective knowledge formed in modern times, cognition of the world as it exists before man and independently of him. Whatever the ancient philosophers talked about, man was always in the center of their attention. I proposed an anthropological version of the interpretation of the doctrine of Empedocles, within the framework of which various elements of his concept fit into a consistent model. Conclusions. Empedocles’ anthropology is based on the recognition of several fundamental things. First of all, there is no death. Second, there is no fundamental difference between human and celestial. This line is conventional and under certain conditions one can overcome it. Cod can become a human (for example, for a deed unworthy of a deity), and a human can become God. Teaching of evolution is also double. Not only physical shell evolves, keeping only the most adapted species, but the soul too. The latter can both ascend to the gods and go down to the bushes and fish. Purification of the soul and mastering the magic of the elements gives an impetus for a correct direction of evolution. Empedocles is an anthropologist-practitioner, who shows by his example that a human can cope with all the elements and reach divinity. He chose (or convinced himself that he chose) the elemental ingredients for penetrating the Fortunate Isles, leaving the instructions on how to become God.

14

Walton, John. "Genesis and World Chronology." Kerygma 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): e01458. http://dx.doi.org/10.19141/1809-2454.kerygma.v17.n1.pe01458.

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Distrust of Genesis as history has been fostered by uniformitarian geoscience and Deep Time chronology. The reality or otherwise of a global flood has a crucial bearing on world history and chronology. Evidence of disparate kinds favouring such a flood from scripture, from geoscience and from anthropology is presented. Radiocarbon dating, suitably calibrated for the flood discontinuity, substantiates a Compact Time chronology of thousands of years for earth history. This is reinforced by comparison of flood model radiocarbon dates for ancient near eastern sites with those independently obtained by archaeologists. Further corroboration of the Genesis chronology comes from discoveries of preserved soft tissues, proteins and even DNA in fossil dinosaur bones and in other specimens from throughout the geologic column. Belief in a recent, rapid creation is credibly defensible by science divested of secular naturalist ideological constructs. Compact Time chronology rehabilitates belief in the historical reality of the Genesis accounts of the origin of life and the origin of death.

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Walton, John. "Genesis and World Chronology." Kerygma 17 (January 19, 2022): e01458. http://dx.doi.org/10.19141/1809-2454.kerygma.v17.n..pe01458.

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Distrust of Genesis as history has been fostered by uniformitarian geoscience and Deep Time chronology. The reality or otherwise of a global flood has a crucial bearing on world history and chronology. Evidence of disparate kinds favouring such a flood from scripture, from geoscience and from anthropology is presented. Radiocarbon dating, suitably calibrated for the flood discontinuity, substantiates a Compact Time chronology of thousands of years for earth history. This is reinforced by comparison of flood model radiocarbon dates for ancient near eastern sites with those independently obtained by archaeologists. Further corroboration of the Genesis chronology comes from discoveries of preserved soft tissues, proteins and even DNA in fossil dinosaur bones and in other specimens from throughout the geologic column. Belief in a recent, rapid creation is credibly defensible by science divested of secular naturalist ideological constructs. Compact Time chronology rehabilitates belief in the historical reality of the Genesis accounts of the origin of life and the origin of death.

16

Halapsis, A. V. "Legal Roots of Christian Anthropology." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 20 (December 28, 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i20.249592.

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Purpose of the article is to reconstruct the legal sources of Christian anthropology. Theoretical basis. The methodological basis of the article is the understanding of the fundamental foundations of Christian anthropology in the context of Roman legal understanding. Originality. From the point of view of the Christian religion, man is a dual being: his body is part of the material world, but his soul is not from this world, he is born directly from God. The transcendent origin of the soul gives it the right to communicate with God, but this right can be realized only with the help of the Church, which is seen as the "bride of the Lamb" and the mystical "body of Christ". Interpretations of the essence of church organization correlate with the principles of organization of the Roman community. The principle of universal priesthood correlates with the idea of "post-Tarquinian democracy", recognizing the people of Rome as the supreme bearer of the empire of Jupiter; catholicity – with the idea of the senate as a meeting of the most deserving leaders of the community; apostolic succession – with the institution of republican magistrates, who even though received their power from the community, but through "consultations with the gods" (auspices). In essence, Christian dogmatism is Roman law applied to the Middle Eastern religion; the Bible was interpreted as a legal document, and theologians acted as lawyers. Conclusions. In the ancient Churches (Catholic, Orthodox, Armenian, Coptic, etc.) the ideal of Roman law was realized as the right of impersonal law, standing outside and above the individual. The latter has no ontological value, it is a "servant of God", but the union of men into the mystical "body of Christ" makes the latter empowered to represent God on earth and to act on his behalf. The Renaissance paved the way for the Reformation, in which a powerful "Greek" ("philosophical") lobby declared itself. Despite the fact that many leaders of the Reformation had a personal dislike for philosophy, they were spontaneous philosophers, believing themselves entitled to interpret the will of God independently, regardless of the authority of the councils. They were strict rationalists who only changed the object of their reason: if the ancient Greeks tried to comprehend the world rationally, the Protestants set themselves the goal of rationally comprehending the Book. Ultimately, the main question of Christian theology is the question of man’s attitude to God, and the differences between the anthropological systems within Christianity are the options for answering this question.

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Patil, Dinkarrao Amrutrao. "Scientific History of Some Alien Plants In India: Origin, Implications And Culture." Plantae Scientia 1, no. 05 (January 15, 2019): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v1i05.66-75.

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Indian subcontinent has a rich heritage of biodiversity because of its variable geo-climatic conditions. Several exotic plant species survived since ancient period and became an integral part of Indian flora. Nay, they now seem to be iconic plants and are being venerated. They are valued by the Indians for their esteem, culture and welfare. Select 20 exotic notable species are studied from the standpoint of their origin, distribution, culture and ancient Sanskrit literature. Diverse information about them is adduced from architecture, art, archaeological sites, etymology (philology), anthropology, ancient Sanskrit and religious scriptures. Some of them were once thought introduced by western rulers in the then India few centuries ago. This belief can be easily negated based on the present investigation. They appeared to have been brought in India during pre-Columbian period. They also appear to be indicators of Indian contacts with various parts of the Old World and interestingly even New World.

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García Garagarza, León. "The Tecolotl and the Chiquatli: Omens of Death and Transspecies Dialogues in the Aztec World." Ethnohistory 67, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 455–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-8266452.

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Abstract This essay examines some instances of interspecific dialogues between owls and human beings recorded in Nahuatl-language sources from the sixteenth century. Since ancient times, owls have been considered omens of death in Mexico. This article analyzes the cultural and linguistic context of this belief among the contact-period Nahuas: the import of tetzahuitl (omens) in the animistic worldview of the Aztecs, as well as the characteristic semantic pair in tecolotl, in chiquatli (“the owl, the barn owl”) to signify the lethal activities of the most representative messengers of the Lords of Death and Destiny, Mictlantecuhtli and Tezcatlipoca. Moreover, the essay shows how the ancient Nahuas considered the intelligibility of animal languages and engaged in active dialogues with the animal representatives of the gods, a form of communication that encompassed both the private and public spheres, as in these dialogues matters of disease, pollution, and warfare came into consideration.

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Birkhead, T. R. "Jeremy MYNOTT. Birds in the Ancient World: Winged Words." Archives of Natural History 46, no. 1 (April 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2019.0568.

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Leontis, Artemis. "Mediterranean Topographies before Balkanization: On Greek Diaspora, Emporion, and Revolution." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 6, no. 2 (September 1997): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.6.2.179.

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I place my work under the rubric of spatial studies: an investigation of how people inhabit their world. The corner of the world I examine is the northeastern Mediterranean, a highly contested region that has brought into contact numerous peoples: Greek, Persian, and Roman in ancient times; Byzantine, Slavic, Arabic, Venetian, Frankish, Jewish, Armenian, and Ottoman in the late ancient to early modern period; and Greek, Turkish, Slavic, and Albanian in our own times. Literature is my point of entry into that world. Though it is unusual in spatial studies, an area of inquiry dominated by geography, architecture, environmental psychology, political theory, and anthropology, I find the literary approach quite useful. For literature has always occupied itself with topographia or topothesia, the “description” or “situation of place” (Curtius 200). Literature relies on historical and geographical spatiality to orient its readers and send them on its imaginative journey.

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Davidson, Basil. "The ancient world and Africa: whose roots?" Race & Class 29, no. 2 (October 1987): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639688702900201.

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Dorofeev, Daniil Yu, Roman V Svetlov, Mikhail I Mikeshin, and Marina A Vasilyeva. "Iconography of Plato in antiquity and in medieval orthodox painting." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 1 (2021): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-1-31-52.

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The article is devoted to the topic of visualization, which is relevant for the modern world in general and scientific knowledge in particular, investigated through the image of Plato in Antiquity and in medieval Orthodox painting. Using the example of Plato’s iconography as a visual message, the authors want to show the great potential for the development of the visual history of philosophy, anthropology and culture in general, as well as the new visually oriented semiotics and semantics of the image. This approach reveals expressively and meaningfully its relevance for the study of Plato’s image, together with other ancient philosophers’ images, in Orthodox medieval churches in Greece, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and, of course, ancient Russia in the 15th-17th cc, allowing to see the great ancient Greek philosopher from a new perspective.

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Moreno García, Juan Carlos. "Ethnicity in Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to Key Issues." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340040.

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Abstract The study of ethnicity in the ancient world has known a complete renewal in recent times, at several levels, from the themes studied to the perspectives of analysis and the models elaborated by archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and historians. Far from traditional approaches more interested in detecting and characterizing particular ethnic groups (“Libyans,” “Medjay”) and social organizations (“tribe,” “clan”, etc.), in identifying them in the archaeological record through specific markers (pottery, ornaments, weapons, etc.) and, subsequently, in studying their patterns of interaction with other social groups (domination, acculturation, assimilation, resistance, centre periphery), recent research follows different paths. To sum up, a deeper understanding of ethnicity in ancient Egypt cannot but benefit from a close dialogue with other disciplines and is to enrich current debates in archaeology, anthropology, and ancient history.

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Divino, Federico. "Reaching the End of the World: An Anthropological Reading of Early Buddhist Medicine and Ascetic Practices." Religions 14, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14020249.

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This article aims to analyze the ideas of health and illness in ancient Buddhism, making use of the theoretical tools of medical anthropology and historical–philological inquiry. As a contribution to the conceptual history of medicine in Buddhism, I intend to focus the present investigation on the ascetic problem of the “end of the world” as a means of achieving complete healing. The asceticism of early Buddhism reconciles the goal of transcendence with that of healing, carrying out a complex reflection on awareness and presence.

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WHITTOW, MARK. "Early Medieval Byzantium and the End of the Ancient World." Journal of Agrarian Change 9, no. 1 (January 2009): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00199.x.

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26

Ashurov, Asim, and Zaur Rashidov. "The essence of philosophical anthropology: Max Scheler's role in the formation of philosophical anthropology as a school." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i1.91-111.

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"Philosophical anthropology" is a special and extremely comprehensive branch of the history of world science and modern philosophical thought in general. Philosophical anthropology is an important branch of Western philosophical and social thought. Philosophical anthropology, which took its historical roots from ancient Greek philosophy, existed in the later periods of the history of philosophy, acquired a new meaning in German classical philosophy, and became a special trend in the history of philosophy starting from the beginning of the 20th century, is also, in general, a new philosophy of man. It is a philosophical teaching that includes the results of various systems of knowledge about the nature and existence of man in the 20th century Western Europe, mainly in German-language philosophy. In a broader sense, philosophical anthropology is a scientific system consisting of a set of philosophical ideas, concepts, and teachings that focus on man and aim to study him. Philosophical anthropology, which emerged in the late 1920s as a result of Max Scheler's philosophical teaching and was considered a new direction in the history of thought, developed as a branch of non-classical philosophy.

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Zhu, Yuhui. "An Exploration of Domestic Cats Domestication History in Ancient Egypt and China." Advances in Humanities Research 2, no. 1 (September 7, 2023): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7080/2/2022007.

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Domestic cats are common pets in today's society and have received love from people all over the world. In world history, there are so many records of domestic cats in various cultures. During the long domestication history, the role and status of the domestic cat in human society have changed a lot and many literary and artistic works have been done for it. Among the various records, Ancient Egypt and China are both characterized by early domestication origins and rich historical records. At the same time, despite the similarities in the role played by the domestic cat in both cultures, there are many differences. These differences, similarities, and concrete reasons not only reflect the many historical similarities and differences between the two cultures, but also reflect the influence of different social contexts on the domestication process of animals, which is a topic worthy of discussion in anthropology, sociology, and genetics.

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Chernykh, V. V. "Are Magi the Priests of Ancient Russia?" Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 39 (2022): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2022.39.110.

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Based on the comparative and historical method, hermeneutics, anthropology and ethnography, and the principle of objectivity, the analysis of such social group of Ancient Russia as Magi was carried out. Historiography and source study of this issue allowed the author to determine the contribution of his predecessors who were interested in this issue and to identify main contradictions on the Magi phenomenon. The article provides a rationale for historical and ideological necessity of analyzing ideas about man and the world as a system that functioned in the ancient Russian state. The period before the Christianization of Rus’ is understudied, and, at the same time, paganism (including the institute of priesthood, to which many think Magi belong) was the official and predominant religion among the Eastern Slavs until the Christianization of Rus’ in 988. The author is of the view that there should be continuity of all periods of the national history of Rus’-Russia, and it is necessary to reflect both bright and heroic events, and those kept secret for ideological reasons.

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Huckell, Bruce B. "Journey to the Ice Age: Discovering an Ancient World. Peter L. Storck." Journal of Anthropological Research 61, no. 1 (April 2005): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.61.1.3631310.

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Bérard, Reine-Marie, and Dominique Castex. "Epidemics and Wars: Comparative Archaeology and Anthropology of Ancient Greek Mass Burials." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 7, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.7-4-3.

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The high number of dead bodies to deal with in time of mortality crises (events marked by an unusually high number of dead in a limited amount of time) often leads to modifications in the traditional funerary practices of a society. This contribution questions the way Ancient Greeks, from the 8th till the 3rd century BC, handled such mortality crises, focusing on mass burials. In a first methodological part, we discuss the means to identify funerary sites related to mortality crises, using the methods of archaeothanatology. By confronting archaeological features (taphonomic processes, position of the remains, grave type, offerings, etc.) and bioanthropological data (number of dead, sex, age, pathologies, etc.), we will first define the main characteristics of mass burials. We will then question how to discriminate between mass burials linked to war, epidemics, massacres and famine, underlining the major importance of historical sources in this process. The second part is dedicated to the study of various cases from Athens, Paros, Chaeronea, Tanagra and Greek Sicily and their interpretation. We will argue that epidemic mass burials are the most difficult to identify, since they may present innumerable variations in terms of osteoprofiles and archaeological features. Finally, we will question our abilities, as archaeoanthropologists, to evaluate the impact of epidemics on the funerary treatment of the dead in the Ancient world.

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Fais-Leutskaia, Oxana. "Children in the Context of the Celebration of the Day of Remembrance of the Dead in Sicily: Status, Beliefs, Ritual Practices in the Past and Present." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp235193203.

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The author considers the place of children in the context of the celebration of the Day of Remembrance of the Dead in Sicily in the past and present; it is their central role in the local scenario of the healing of this formally Christian, but actually dating back to ancient cults holiday that makes the research region unique. The purpose of the analysis, in addition to detailed coverage of all the components of the celebration scenario, which has repeatedly attracted the attention of the researchers, but has not yet been comprehensively studied, is primarily to “decipher” the status and function of children involved in the festive action in the paradigm of anthropology, i.e. as “connectors” between the world of the dead and the world of the living ones, as well as associated beliefs, rituals and actions, in particular, the practice of gifting children. The study is based on the results of the author’s long-term fieldwork (from 2000 to 2022), as well as on data from ethnographic/historical sources. Using methods of structural and functional analysis, the author relies on concepts and theoretical and methodological principles developed in the depths of cultural and historical anthropology on the problems of religious studies, ancient cults, festive rituals, etc.; the historical approach allows us to identify the fundamental laws of the evolution of ritual practices, and regional studies — to correlate theoretical conclusions with the realities of the region under study.

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Wiener, Malcolm H. "Problems in the Measurement, Calibration, Analysis, and Communication of Radiocarbon Dates (With Special Reference to the Prehistory of the Aegean World)." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047184.

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Radiocarbon dating encounters (1) problems of reservoir effects and regional/seasonal variation affecting the chronological reliability of measurements, (2) problems of calibration of measurements via comparison with tree segments of known dendrochronological dates, (3) problems of statistical inference with respect to the data pre- and post-calibration, and (4) problems of the analysis and communication of information to archaeologists, historians, and other interested parties. This paper considers the special characteristics of each of the problem areas indicated in order to improve communication between14C scientists and the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, and ancient history.

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Hillenbrand, Carole, and Robert Hillenbrand. "Ancient Iranian Kings in the World History of Rashid Al-Din." Iran 56, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2018.1426190.

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Aarts, Joris. "Coins, money and exchange in the Roman world. A cultural-economic perspective." Archaeological Dialogues 12, no. 1 (June 2005): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203805211625.

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Until now, the Roman economy has been discussed primarily in economic terms. After the vehement debate between substantivist and formalists in the 1960s and 1970s, most historians and archaeologists have embraced an essentially substantivist perspective. Although this outlook has proven its value, it also seriously hampers a holistic view on the Roman exchange system by its focus on economic factors. Recent theoretical developments in economic anthropology, particularly through the work of Bloch and Parry, provide a model which is better suited to analysing the exchange system in its social, political and moral dimensions. It has been used succesfully in recent publications of the exchange system in the ancient Greek world. In this article, its possibilities for the Roman exchange system and the role of money in it will be explored.

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Ahmed, Akbar S. "Toward Islamic Anthropology." American Journal of Islam and Society 3, no. 2 (December 1, 1986): 181–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v3i2.2893.

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I. IntroductionA. The Science of AnthropologyThis study is speculative and concerns a difficult and complex subject.Its task is made more difficult as it defends a metaphysical position, advancesan ideological argument, and serves a moral cause. It will therefore remainan incomplete part of an on-going process in the debate on key issues in contemporaryMuslim society.The major task of anthropology' -the study of man-is to enable us tounderstand ourselves through understanding other cultures. Anthropologymakes us aware of the essential oneness of man and therefore allows us toappreciate each other. It is only quite recently in history that it has come tobe widely accepted that human beings are fundamentally alike; that they sharebasic interests, and so have certain common obligations to one another. Thisbelief is either explicit or implicit in most of the great world religions, butit is by no means acceptable today to many people even in "advanced" societies,and it would make no sense at all in many of the less-developed cultures.Among some of the indigenous tribes of Australia, a stranger who cannotprove that he is a kinsman, far from being welcomed hospitably, is regardedas a dangerous outsider and may be speared without compunction. Membersof the Lugbara tribe of northwestern Uganda used to think that all foreignerswere witches, dangerous, and scarcely human creatures who walked aboutupside-down and killed people by magic. The ancient Greeks believed thatall non-Hellenic peoples were barbarians and uncivilized savages whom itwould be quite inappropriate to treat as real people. Many citizens of modemstates today think of people of other races, nations, or cultures in ways notvery different from these, especially if their skin is differently colored or if ...

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Podolian, G. P. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF MODERN COMPARATIVE RESEARCH." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (4) (2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.1(4).04.

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The article analyzes the relevance of comparative research in the modern conditions of the global world. The forms of communication that are immanent for any culture, the development of another's experience of cultural being, intercultural interactions are determined. The significance of philosophy is deter- mined as one of the foundations contributing to the processes of forming dialogism as a cultural characteristic of ancient, and then Western culture. The culture-creating nature of the communicative, dialogical nature of Western culture is interpreted as an important basis for the emergence of a comparative historical method of studying cultural diversity. Attention is focused on the productive experience of cultural interaction that emerged in ancient Greece and developed by further followers in the Western world. The history of the development of the comparative tradition is traced through the delineation of the main factors, which, in their entirety, have become a favorable basis for the emergence of systemic research using the comparative method. Indicates the main trends of modern comparative searches and unsolved problems. The directions of the heuristic development of the future prospects of this method of cultural analysis are indicated. These include: a high level of dialogicity of ancient, and then Western culture; geographical discoveries of the New time; educational and cultural activities of representatives of the Enlightenment; the devel- opment of scientific knowledge in the direction of the penetration of ideas about the natural movement of social development from the natural sci- ences into the social sciences; the appeals and popularization of O. Conte of studying the "main laws" of social phenomena, including the com- parative historical method; authoritative recognition of history and linguistics as a science in the nineteenth century; the idea of progressive pro- gress of human culture; scientific activities of representatives of cultural schools of evolutionary anthropology, diffusionism, social anthropology.

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Ogden, Daniel. "Did the Classical World Know of Vampires?" Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/preternature.11.2.0199.

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ABSTRACT Did the classical world know of vampires? No. This piece asks instead what phenomenon of the classical world most closely anticipates the modern conceptualization of the vampire—a conceptualization extracted from the two classics of Victorian vampire fiction, Sheridan le Fanu’s Carmilla and Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Consideration is given first to a series of ancient entities in later Greek literature that approach a simplistic definition of “returning from the dead and eating people”: Phlegon’s Philinnion and Polycritus, Pausanias’s Hero of Temesa, and Philostratus’s Lamia and Achilles. But it is then contended that if one considers the full sweep of motifs associated with the modern vampire in the round, a better overall alignment is to be found for it with the Roman figure of the strix-witch, as described by Ovid and Petronius and later on by John Damascene and Burchard of Worms, for all that she is not actually dead.

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Ritchie, Ian D. "The Nose Knows: Bodily Knowing in Isaiah 11.3." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 25, no. 87 (March 2000): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030908920002508704.

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While some recent studies have enlarged our knowledge of the olfactory world of ancient Israel, exploration of the relative value of olfaction as a means of knowing has been largely neglected. Isaiah 11.3 is a passage modern exegetes have reconstructed or expurgated because its literal sense has the Messiah discerning good from evil by smell: an impossibility to the Enlightenment model of reality. But recent anthropology informs us of extraordinary olfactory discernment in African religion and the Islamic world. A brief history of exegesis confirms that Jewish commentators accepted an olfactory Messiah, but interpretation since the mid-nineteenth century, and even more prominently in the twentieth, has sought to reconstruct a hypothetical ‘original’ text, evidencing a modern ocularcentric bias.

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Movius, Geoffrey H. "Nancy Ch. de C. Movius and her ‘unusual career’." Buried History: The Journal of the Australian Institute of Archaeology 49 (January 1, 2014): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.62614/8sjqp747.

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The paper traces the life of Adelaide-born Nancy Champion de Crespigny Movius whose interest in the ancient world led her in 1932 to undertake archaeological training in England with Mortimer and Tessa Wheeler at the Verulamium (StAlbans) and Maiden Castle excavations and with Dorothy Garrod at Newnham College, Cambridge. Her participation in archaeological exploration continued with her marriage to Hallam L. Movius Jr, an archaeologist who became Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Harvard University and with whom she worked in SE Asia and Europe, and in particular at Abri Pataud.

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Kowalewski, Stephen A. ": Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World . Michael Rowlands, Mogens Larsen, Kristian Kristiansen." American Anthropologist 91, no. 2 (June 1989): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1989.91.2.02a00430.

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Smith, Michael E. ": Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World . Charles D. Trombold." American Anthropologist 95, no. 1 (March 1993): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1993.95.1.02a00490.

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Jiménez, Alicia. "Material Culture and Social Identities in the Ancient World. Shelley Hales , Tamar Hodos." Journal of Anthropological Research 67, no. 2 (July 2011): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.67.2.41303292.

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Scarborough, Vernon L. "Ancient WaterworksWater Engineering in the Ancient World: Archaeological and Climate Perspectives on Societies of Ancient South America, the Middle East, and South-East Asia. By Charles R. Ortloff. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009." Current Anthropology 52, no. 2 (April 2011): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658993.

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Forth, Gregory. "The Cooked Child: Urban Legends and Ancient Myths from the Malayo-Polynesian-Speaking World." Folklore 134, no. 3 (July 3, 2023): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.2023.2184994.

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Montgomery, Bruce P. "Rescue or Return: The Fate of the Iraqi Jewish Archive." International Journal of Cultural Property 20, no. 2 (May 2013): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739113000040.

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AbstractShortly following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, an American mobile exploitation team was diverted from its mission in hunting for weapons for mass destruction to search for an ancient Talmud in the basement of Saddam Hussein's secret police (Mukhabarat) headquarters in Baghdad. Instead of finding the ancient holy book, the soldiers rescued from the basement flooded with several feet of fetid water an invaluable archive of disparate individual and communal documents and books relating to one of the most ancient Jewish communities in the world. The seizure of Jewish cultural materials by the Mukhabarat recalled similar looting by the Nazis during World War II. The materials were spirited out of Iraq to the United States with a vague assurance of their return after being restored. Several years after their arrival in the United States for conservation, the Iraqi Jewish archive has become contested cultural property between Jewish groups and the Iraqi Jewish diaspora on the one hand and Iraqi cultural officials on the other. This article argues that the archive comprises the cultural property and heritage of the Iraqi Jewish diaspora.

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Bradu, Fabienne. "Octavio Paz y Mesoamérica: un himno entre ruinas." Literatura Mexicana 32, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.litmex.2021.1.26858.

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Octavio Paz’s essays on Mesoamerica —a facet little studied by critics and poorly known by the general public— reveal the penetrating gaze of the poet, not of a specialist, on the ancient world of Mexico, its cosmogony and artistic productions always linked to a religious dimension. But the poet goes beyond anthropology and knowledge in itself, to underline the persistence of this cosmogony in Mexicans at present and also as encountered in the main foundations of his poetics. It is through this constancy that two different Mexicos emerge, as Octavio Paz interprets the events of 1968 and the Zapatista insurrection of 1994.

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K, Sarveshwaran. "Arts in the Life of Sangam and Moral Ancient Tamils - A Research Based on Sculpture and Painting." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 11, 2022): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s117.

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Literature can be said to be an activity or replica phenomenon that reveals a kind of attention. Tamil literature, which has a very long history, has a wide variety of concepts. The specialty of literature is to make these ideas world-renowned in a way that reflects a community. It must be said that these explanation0s did not hesitate to bear the various elements of the ancient Tamils in that way. Within those elements the arts are remarkable. Thus the arts are unique in the ancient Tamil cultural tradition. The study is being conducted under the title Arts in the life of Sangam and Moral ancient Tamils - A Research Based on Sculpture and Painting', realizing the immense creative arts in human energy. The study was carried out to study the literature on sculpture and painting, and to explore the true nature of the art of those who still preserve the art and preserve it. The main sources of this study are literature related to sculpture and painting. Through this study, the arts could be identified as an excellent tool for the development of anthropology, and a complete understanding of the arts in the case of the ancient Tamils could be obtained.

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Speakman, Robert J., Carla S. Hadden, Matthew H. Colvin, Justin Cramb, K. C. Jones, Travis W. Jones, Corbin L. Kling, et al. "CHOOSING A PATH TO THE ANCIENT WORLD IN A MODERN MARKET: THE REALITY OF FACULTY JOBS IN ARCHAEOLOGY." American Antiquity 83, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.36.

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Over the past 30 years, the number of US doctoral anthropology graduates has increased by about 70%, but there has not been a corresponding increase in the availability of new faculty positions. Consequently, doctoral degree-holding archaeologists face more competition than ever before when applying for faculty positions. Here we examine where US and Canadian anthropological archaeology faculty originate and where they ultimately end up teaching. Using data derived from the 2014–2015 AnthroGuide, we rank doctoral programs whose graduates in archaeology have been most successful in the academic job market; identify long-term and ongoing trends in doctoral programs; and discuss gender division in academic archaeology in the US and Canada. We conclude that success in obtaining a faculty position upon graduation is predicated in large part on where one attends graduate school.

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Winter, Sarah. "A Compulsion for Antiquity: Freud and the Ancient World (review)." American Imago 63, no. 4 (2006): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aim.2007.0010.

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Wu, Fei. "A Thick Translation of Hmong Oral Epics from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v3i1.392.

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Hmong Oral Epics is an oral classic of the Miao people, carrying the cultural memory of the ancient history of the Miao people. The Hmong Oral Epics translated by American sinologist Mark Bender has been praised as "a classic version of transnational cooperation" by scholars. The success of this translation depends on what the translators used flexibly thick translation strategies from the perspective of cultural anthropology, thus making it a good example of the successful application of thick translation to translating national classics. This paper first expounds the theory and feasibility of thick translation of cultural classics from the perspective of cultural anthropology, and then reveals the secret of the success of Mark Bender's translation of Hmong Oral Epics from three aspects, namely the English translation process of Hmong Oral Epics, ethnography orientation, and the translators' comprehensive use of various forms of thick translation both inside and outside translation, with an attempt to promote more Chinese ethnic minority cultural classics to better go to the world.

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