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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Antarctic Ozone Hole"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Antarctic Ozone Hole"

Kramarova, N. A., E. R. Nash, P. A. Newman, P. K. Bhartia, R. D. McPeters, D. F. Rault, C. J. Seftor, P. Q. Xu, and G. J. Labow. "Measuring the Antarctic ozone hole with the new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2014): 2353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2353-2014.

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Abstract. The new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), which launched on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011, gives a detailed view of the development of the Antarctic ozone hole and extends the long series of satellite ozone measurements that go back to the early 1970s. OMPS includes two modules – nadir and limb – to measure profile and total ozone concentrations. The new limb module is designed to measure the vertical profile of ozone between the lowermost stratosphere and the mesosphere. The OMPS observations over Antarctica show excellent agreement with the measurements obtained from independent satellite and ground-based instruments. This validation demonstrates that OMPS data can ably extend the ozone time series over Antarctica in the future. The OMPS observations are used to monitor and characterize the evolution of the 2012 Antarctic ozone hole. While large ozone losses were observed in September 2012, a strong ozone rebound occurred in October and November 2012. This ozone rebound is characterized by rapid increases of ozone at mid-stratospheric levels and a splitting of the ozone hole in early November. The 2012 Antarctic ozone hole was the second smallest on record since 1988.

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Kramarova, N. A., E. R. Nash, P. A. Newman, P. K. Bhartia, R. D. McPeters, D. F. Rault, C. J. Seftor, and P. Q. Xu. "Measuring the Antarctic ozone hole with the new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2013): 26305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-26305-2013.

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Abstract. The new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) launched on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011 gives a more detailed view of the development of the Antarctic ozone hole than ever before. This instrumental suite extends the long series of satellite ozone measurements that go back to the early 1970s. The OMPS includes two modules – nadir and limb – to measure profile and total ozone concentrations. The new limb module is designed to measure the vertical profile of ozone between the lowermost stratosphere and the mesosphere. The OMPS observations over Antarctica show excellent agreement with the measurements obtained from independent satellite and ground-based instruments. This validation demonstrates that OMPS data can ably extend the ozone time series over Antarctica in the future. The OMPS observations are used to monitor and characterize the evolution of the 2012 Antarctic ozone hole. While large ozone losses were observed in September 2012, a strong ozone rebound occurred in October and November 2012. This ozone rebound is characterized by rapid increases of ozone at mid-stratospheric levels and a splitting of the ozone hole in early November. The 2012 Antarctic ozone hole was the second smallest on record since 1988.

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Klekociuk, Andrew R., Matthew B. Tully, Paul B. Krummel, Stuart I. Henderson, Dan Smale, Richard Querel, Sylvia Nichol, Simon P. Alexander, Paul J. Fraser, and Gerald Nedoluha. "The Antarctic ozone hole during 2020." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 72, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es21015.

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The Antarctic ozone hole remains the focus of scientific attention because of its importance to the health of the biosphere and its influence on the climate of the southern hemisphere. Here we examine the general characteristics of the 2020 Antarctic ozone hole using a variety of observational and reanalysis data and compare and contrast its behaviour with earlier years. The main feature of the 2020 ozone hole was its relatively large size, and persistence to the beginning of the 2020/2021 summer, with new maximum records being set for the ozone hole daily area and ozone mass deficit during November and December. This was in strong contrast to 2019 when the ozone hole was one of the smallest observed. We show that a key factor in 2020 was the relative stability and strength of the stratospheric polar vortex, which allowed low temperatures in the Antarctic lower stratosphere to enhance ozone depletion reactions in relative isolation from the rest of the global atmosphere. These conditions were associated with relatively weak Rossby wave activity at high southern latitudes that occurred during the strengthening westerly phase of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation as well as the emerging La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. A consequence of the conditions in early summer was the measurement of new maximum values of ultraviolet radiation at Australia’s three Antarctic research stations of Mawson, Davis and Casey. Indications of anomalous chlorine partitioning above Arrival Heights in Antarctica prior to the 2020 winter are provided, which may relate to effects from the 2019/2020 Australian wildfires. We also examine the effect of the downward coupling of the 2020 ozone hole to the climate of the wider southern hemisphere, which showed regional influences on surface temperature and precipitation in common with other strong vortex years.

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Tully, Matthew B., Andrew R. Klekociuk, Paul B. Krummel, H. Peter Gies, Simon P. Alexander, Paul J. Fraser, Stuart I. Henderson, Robyn Schofield, Jonathon D. Shanklin, and Kane A. Stone. "The Antarctic ozone hole during 2015 and 2016." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19021.

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We reviewed the 2015 and 2016 Antarctic ozone holes, making use of a variety of ground-based and spacebased measurements of ozone and ultraviolet radiation, supplemented by meteorological reanalyses. The ozone hole of 2015 was one of the most severe on record with respect to maximum area and integrated deficit and was notably longlasting, with many values above previous extremes in October, November and December. In contrast, all assessed metrics for the 2016 ozone hole were at or below their median values for the 37 ozone holes since 1979 for which adequate satellite observations exist. The 2015 ozone hole was influenced both by very cold conditions and enhanced ozone depletion caused by stratospheric aerosol resulting from the April 2015 volcanic eruption of Calbuco (Chile).

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Klekociuk, Andrew R., Matthew B. Tully, Paul B. Krummel, Stuart I. Henderson, Dan Smale, Richard Querel, Sylvia Nichol, Simon P. Alexander, Paul J. Fraser, and Gerald Nedoluha. "The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 71, no. 1 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es20010.

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While the Montreal Protocol is reducing stratospheric ozone loss, recent increases in some ozone depleting substance (ODS) emissions have been identified that may impact southern hemisphere climate systems. In this study, we discuss characteristics of the 2018 and 2019 Antarctic ozone holes using surface insitu, satellite and reanalysis data to gain a better understanding of recent ozone variability. These ozone holes had strongly contrasting characteristics. In 2018, the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was relatively stable and cold in comparison to most years of the prior decade. This resulted in a large and persistent ozone hole that ranked in the upper-tercile of metrics quantifying Antarctic ozone depletion. In contrast, strong stratospheric warming in the spring of 2019 curtailed the development of the ozone hole, causing it to be anomalously small and of similar size to ozone holes in the 1980s. As known from previous studies, the ability of planetary waves to propagate into the stratosphere at high latitudes is an important factor that influences temperatures of the polar vortex and the overall amount of ozone loss in any particular year. Disturbance and warming of the vortex by strong planetary wave activity were the dominant factors in the small 2019 ozone hole. In contrast, planetary wave disturbances to the vortex in the winter–spring of 2018 were much weaker than in 2019. These results increase our understanding of the impact of Montreal Protocol controls on ODS and the effects of Antarctic ozone on the southern hemisphere climate system.

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Jones, Anna E. "The Antarctic ozone hole." Physics Education 43, no. 4 (June 20, 2008): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/43/4/002.

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Stolarski, Richard S. "The Antarctic Ozone Hole." Scientific American 258, no. 1 (January 1988): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0188-30.

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Gardiner, Brian. "THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE." Weather 44, no. 7 (July 1989): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1989.tb07055.x.

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Klekociuk, Andrew R., Matthew B. Tully, Paul B. Krummel, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, Volodymyr Kravchenko, Stuart I. Henderson, Simon P. Alexander, et al. "The Antarctic ozone hole during 2017." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69, no. 1 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19019.

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We review the 2017 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of various meteorological reanalyses, and in-situ, satellite and ground-based measurements of ozone and related trace gases, and ground-based measurements of ultraviolet radiation. The 2017 ozone hole was associated with relatively high-ozone concentrations over the Antarctic region compared to other years, and our analysis ranked it in the smallest 25% of observed ozone holes in terms of size. The severity of stratospheric ozone loss was comparable with that which occurred in 2002 (when the stratospheric vortex exhibited an unprecedented major warming) and most years prior to 1989 (which were early in the development of the ozone hole). Disturbances to the polar vortex in August and September that were associated with intervals of anomalous planetary wave activity resulted in significant erosion of the polar vortex and the mitigation of the overall level of ozone depletion. The enhanced wave activity was favoured by below-average westerly winds at high southern latitudes during winter, and the prevailing easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Using proxy information on the chemical make-up of the polar vortex based on the analysis of nitrous oxide and the likely influence of the QBO, we suggest that the concentration of inorganic chlorine, which plays a key role in ozone loss, was likely similar to that in 2014 and 2016, when the ozone hole was larger than that in 2017. Finally, we found that the overall severity of Antarctic ozone loss in 2017 was largely dictated by the timing of the disturbances to the polar vortex rather than interannual variability in the level of inorganic chlorine.

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Bodeker, G. E., H. Shiona, and H. Eskes. "Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 3 (June 8, 2005): 3811–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-3811-2005.

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Abstract. An assimilated data base of total column ozone measurements from satellites has been used to generate a set of indicators describing attributes of the Antarctic ozone hole for the period 1979 to 2003, including (i) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where ozone levels are below 150DU, below 220DU, more than 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and more than 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, (ii) the date of disappearance of 150DU ozone values, 220DU ozone values, values 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and values 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, for each year, (iii) daily minimum total column ozone values over Antarctica, and (iv) daily values of the ozone mass deficit based on a O3<220DU threshold. The assimilated data base combines satellite-based ozone measurements from 4 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments, 3 different retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), and data from 4 Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV) instruments. Comparisons with the global ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer network are used to remove offsets and drifts between the different data sets to produce a global homogeneous data set that combines the advantages of good spatial coverage of satellite data with good long-term stability of ground-based measurements. One potential use of the derived indices is detection of the expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. The suitability of the derived indicators to this task is discussed in the context of their variability and their susceptibility to saturation effects which makes them less responsive to decreasing stratospheric halogen loading. It is also shown that if the corrections required to match recent Earth Probe TOMS measurements to Dobson measurements are not applied, some of the indictors are affected so as to obscure detection of the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.

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Дисертації з теми "Antarctic Ozone Hole"

Ajtic, Jelena. "Dilution of the Antarctic ozone hole into Southern midlatitudes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5710.

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Reduction in ozone levels in southern midlatitudes, caused by the transport of ozone-depleted air from the Antarctic polar vortex, is examined. The problem is approached from two different, but complementary, directions. First, a case study examining an atypical vertical profile of ozone in December 1998, caused by the presence of vortex air is presented. Second, the overall dilution effect in spring- and summer time in the years 1998, 1999, and 2000 is quantified. In the first approach, an ozonesonde profile over the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) site at Lauder (45.0° S, 169.7° E), New Zealand, for 24 December 1998 showing atypically low ozone centred around 24 km altitude (600 K potential temperature), is analyzed. The origin of the anomaly is explained using reverse domain filling (RDF) calculations combined with a PV/O3 fitting technique applied to ozone measurements from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument. The RDF calculations for two isentropic surfaces, 550 K and 600 K, show that ozone-poor air from the Antarctic polar vortex reached New Zealand on 24-26 December 1998. The vortex air on the 550 K isentrope originated in the ozone hole region, unlike the air on 600 K, where low ozone values were the result of dynamical effects. High-resolution ozone maps are generated, and their examination shows that the vortex remnant situated above New Zealand was the cause of the altered ozone profile on 24 December. The maps also illustrate mixing of the vortex filaments into southern midlatitudes, whereby the overall midlatitude ozone levels are decreased. In the second approach, to quantify the full impact of the dilution of the Antarctic ozone hole into southern midlatitudes in spring and summer of the years 1998, 1999 and 2000, diabatic RDF calculations are performed for parcels between 30° S and 60° S, initialized on a 1° longitude by 1° latitude grid, on seven potential temperature surfaces, between 400 K and 700 K. In each year, the trajectories are run back to 10 October, at which time the ozone depletion processes in the Antarctic vortex have largely ceased. Two distinct regions in the vortex, the core and the edge region, are taken into account. The reduction in ozone due to the presence of vortex parcels in southern midlatitudes is calculated in the layer between 375 K and 725 K, thus encompassing the stratospheric region where most of ozone depletion occurs and where ozone is most abundant. The calculations are performed under the assumption that the volume mixing ratio of depleted ozone (the difference between undepleted ozone and observed ozone) does not change along the trajectories. To mitigate non-conservation of mass arising from the employment of Lagrangian model, a scaling method is introduced. The results for the years 1998-2000 show that on average, between 15 October and 15 January of the following year, 17-19% of the midlatitude air parcels originate inside the Antarctic vortex. The corresponding reduction in ozone is 15-18 DU. The reduction caused by the presence of the air parcels originating in the vortex edge region is significant, especially in the early part of the period under examination. The results for four subregions in midlatitudes (spanning longitude regions of 90º, starting from 0º) are also presented, and they indicate that, on average, in the region encompassing New Zealand and Australia ozone reduction is less than in other subregions in the months of October and November, but from mid-December to mid-January the reduction is effectively the same in all subregions. Furthermore, tests to examine the sensitivity of the results to uncertainties in the wind fields, and to the choice of the initial day, are performed for the year 1998. The results indicate that the method is more sensitive to the initial conditions, including the size of the vortex and the amount of filamentation, than to introduced perturbations in the winds. The corresponding uncertainties in the midlatitude ozone reduction are 38% and 5%, respectively. The uncertainties are generally larger for subregions, and range from 37-65%, and 4-14%, respectively. The calculated ozone reduction is compared to the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) measurements of ozone column to derive relative changes in the total ozone. The results show that without the dilution effect, ozone levels in southern midlatitudes would be 4-6% higher during spring- and summertime. Moreover, a comparison of the calculated ozone reduction with ozone levels in 1979 demonstrates that on average, approximately 50-60% of the change can be attributed to the dilution effect. These results present a lower limit of the impact, as dilution in the lowermost stratosphere and troposphere is not captured in the calculations presented here.

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Bittencourt, Gabriela Dornelles. "Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole and Atmospheric Dynamics on Ozone in Southern Brazil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0018.

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Le printemps austral dans l'hémisphère sud présente des réductions temporaires de la teneur en ozone principalement dans la région antarctique connue sous le nom de trou d'ozone antarctique (AOH). Cependant, des études montrent une influence dans les régions de latitude moyenne, comme le sud du Brésil, où des jours avec des diminutions temporaires de la colonne d'ozone totale (COT) sont identifiés. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier cette influence de l'AOH sur la région sud du Brésil, en utilisant les données de la colonne d'ozone totale et des profils verticaux qui aideront à identifier la hauteur préférentielle à laquelle ces diminutions se produisent dans le sud du Brésil, en plus à analyser le comportement dynamique de l'atmosphère lors de ces événements dans la période de 42 ans de données (1979-2020). La méthodologie utilisée comprend l'analyse des données quotidiennes moyennes de la colonne totale d'ozone à travers des instruments de surface (spectrophotomètre Brewer), des données satellitaires (TOMS et OMI), et de comparer les données de réanalyse de l'ECMWF-ERA5, pour l'identification des événements d'influence de l'AOH sur la région sud du Brésil. L'analyse du contenu vertical des données O3 du satellite TIMED/SABRE fournit des données quotidiennes de 15 a 105 km d'altitude et dispose de 17 années de profils O3 disponibles sur la période de 2002 à 2018. La validation de ces données était nécessaire, et pour cela le réseau SHADOZ de mesures de sondes d'ozone a été utilisé pour effectuer cette validation à travers la saison tropicale au Natal/RN comme référence. Cette validation a montré un bon accord entre les deux instruments, permettant l'utilisation de SABER pour l'analyse des événements d'influence AOH. À partir de là, 102 événements ont été identifiés qui ont influencé Santa Maria/RS avec une diminution temporaire de la teneur en O3 au cours de la période, et avec une chute moyenne entre 24 et 28,1 km d'altitude. Dans l'analyse dynamique, les champs stratosphériques ont montré une augmentation du tourbillon potentiel dans la moyenne des événements, principalement dans les mois de septembre et octobre. Dans la dynamique de la section verticale de l'atmosphère, la présence constante de jets stratosphériques et troposphériques dans la moyenne des événements, indique une forte influence que ces systèmes ont lors de l'occurrence des événements à effet secondaire AOH sur Santa Maria/RS
The austral spring in the Southern Hemisphere presents temporary reductions in ozone content mainly in the Antarctic region known as the Antarctic Ozone Hole (AOH). However, studies show an influence in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, where days with temporary decreases in the total ozone column (TCO) are identified. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate this influence of AOH on the southern region of Brazil, using data from the total ozone column and vertical profiles that will help to identify the preferential height at which these decreases occur in southern Brazil, in addition to analyzing the atmospheric dynamic behavior during these events in the period 42 years of data (1979 to 2020). The methodology used comprises the analysis of average daily data of the total column of ozone through surface instruments (Brewer Spectrophotometer), satellite data (TOMS and OMI), and to compare reanalysis data from the ECMWF-ERA5, for the identification of events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil. The analysis of the vertical content of O3 data from the TIMED/SABER satellite provides daily data from 15 to 105 km in height and has 17 years of O3 profiles available in the period from 2002 to 2018. The validation of these data was necessary, and for that the SHADOZ network of ozonesondes measurements was used to carry out this validation through the tropical season in Natal/RN as a reference. This validation showed a good agreement between the two instruments, enabling the use of SABER for the analysis of AOH influence events. From this, 102 events were identified that influenced Santa Maria/RS with a temporary decrease in O3 content during the period, and with an average drop between 24 - 28.1 km in altitude. In the dynamic analysis, the stratospheric fields showed an increase in the potential vorticity in the average of the events, mainly in the months of September and October. In the dynamics of the vertical section of the atmosphere, the constant presence of stratospheric and tropospheric jets in the average of the events, indicates a strong influence that these systems have during the occurrence of the AOH secondary effect events on Santa Maria/RS
A primavera austral no Hemisfério Sul apresenta reduções temporárias do conteúdo de ozônio principalmente na região Antártica conhecida como Buraco de Ozônio Antártico (AOH). Porém, estudos mostram uma influência sob regiões de médias latitudes, como o Sul do Brasil, onde são identificados dias com diminuições temporárias da coluna total de ozônio (CTO). Com isso, o objetivo principal dessa tese é investigar essa influência do AOH sobre a região sul do Brasil, utilizando dados da coluna total de ozônio e de perfis verticais que vão ajudar a identificar a altura preferencial em que essas diminuições ocorrem no sul do Brasil, além de analisar o comportamento dinâmico atmosférico durante esses eventos no período 42 anos de dados (1979 a 2020). A metodologia utilizado compreende a análise de dados médios diários da coluna total de ozônio através de instrumentos de superfície (Espectrofotômetro Brewer), dados de satélites (TOMS e OMI), e para comparação dados de reanálise do ECMWF-ERA5, para a identificação de eventos de influência do AOH sobre a região Sul do Brasil. A análise do conteúdo vertical de O3 dados do satélite TIMED/SABER disponibilizam dados diários de 15 a 110 km de altura e possuem 17 anos de perfis de O3 disponíveis no período de 2002 a 2018. A validação desses dados se fez necessária, e para isso foi utilizada a rede SHADOZ de medidas de ozonesondes para realizar essa validação através da estação tropical em Natal/RN como referência. Essa validação apresentou uma boa concordância entre os dois instrumentos, viabilizando o uso do SABER para as análises dos eventos de influência do AOH. A partir disso, foram identificados 102 eventos que influenciaram Santa Maria/RS com diminuição temporária no conteúdo de O3 durante o período, e com queda média entre 24 e 28,1 km de altitude. Nas análises dinâmicas os campos estratosféricos mostraram o aumento da vorticidade potencial na média dos eventos, principalmente nos meses de setembro e outubro. Na dinâmica do corte vertical da atmosfera a presença constante dos jatos estratosféricos e troposféricos na média dos eventos, indica forte influência que esses sistemas possuem durante a ocorrência dos eventos de efeito secundário do AOH sobre Santa Maria/RS

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Kremser, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Improved understanding of polar ozone chemistry and the future of the Antarctic ozone hole / Stefanie Kremser." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025938852/34.

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Peres, Lucas Vaz. "Monitoramento da coluna total de ozônio e a ocorrência de eventos de influência do buraco de ozônio antártico sobre o sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12621.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present PhD thesis analyzes the results obtained from the Total Ozone Column (TOC) monitoring conducted in the Southern Space Observatory - SSO (29.26 ° S, 53.48 °W and 488 m altitude) between 1992 and 2014 by three successive Brewer spectrophotometers (# 081, # 056 and # 167). First, the Brewer measurements were compared with TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellites obtaining excellent agreement. In addition, was determined that the seasonal TOC variability is dominated by the annual cycle, with a minimum of ~ 260 DU in April and a maximum of ~ 295 DU in September. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) is the main mode of interannual variability being approximately in antiphase with the QBO index. Next, 58 events of the influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole on the SSO station was identificate in the period between 2005 and 2014. This events occurred on average 5.8 ± 3.51 times per year, with a mean reduction of TOC by Brewer' of -7.04 ± 2.97% and by OMI of -7.66 ± 3.11 respectively. Analyzing the ozone profiles from AURA/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) satellite, the average isentropic level for maximum reduction is 644.68 ± 158.59 K, with a mean reduction of 15.39 ± 6.47%, being October the month of greatest occurrence (18 events). The events were separated into three categories: TOC intensity reduction, height of the ozone reduction lamina in AURA/MLS satellite and the dynamic characteristic of Polar Filament or Polar Tongue through the application of Dybal (Dynamical Barrier Localization) code in the potential vorticity (PV) fields from MIMOSA (Modélisation Isentrope du transport Mésoéchelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection) model. The events with a dynamic feature of Polar Tongue (20,68%) occurred more frequently in October, with medium intensity and in the medium stratosphere, while events of dynamic characteristic of Polar Filament (79,31%) occurred more frequently in September, also with medium intensity and in the medium stratosphere.
A presente Tese de Doutorado analisa os resultados obtidos a partir do monitoramento da Coluna Total de Ozônio (CTO) realizado no Observatório Espacial do Sul – OES (29,26 ° S, 53,48 ° e 488 m de altitude) entre 1992 e 2014 através de três sucessivos espectrofotômetros Brewer (# 081, # 056 e # 167). Primeiramente, as medidas dos Brewers foram comparadas com observações dos instrumentos de satélite TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) e OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), obtendo elevados valores de R2 (0,88 e 0,93, respectivamente). Além disso, foi determinado que a variabilidade sazonal da CTO é dominada pelo ciclo anual, com um mínimo de ~260 DU em abril e um máximo de ~295 DU em setembro. A Oscilação Quasi-Bienal (QBO) é o principal modo de variabilidade interanual estando aproximadamente em antifase com o índice QBO. Em seguida é apresentada a identificação da ocorrência de 58 eventos de Influência do Buraco de Ozônio Antártico sobre a estação do OES no período entre 2005 e 2014, os quais ocorreram em média 5,8 ± 3,5 vezes por ano, com redução média da CTO de Brewer e OMI de -7,04±2,9% e 7,66±3,1 respectivamente. Analisando os perfis de ozônio do satélite AURA/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder), observa-se que o nível isentrópico médio para a máxima redução é de 644,6±158,5 K com redução média de 15,3±6,4%, sendo outubro o mês de maior ocorrência (18 eventos). Os eventos foram separados em categorias: Intensidade da redução da CTO, altura da camada de redução no perfil do ozônio do satélite AURA/MLS e a característica dinâmica de Filamento Polar ou Língua Polar através da aplicação do código Dybal (Dynamical Barrier Localisation) nos campos de vorticidade potencial (PV) do modelo MIMOSA (Modélisation Isentrope du transport Mésoéchelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection). Os eventos com característica dinâmica de Lingua Polar (20,68%) ocorreram com mais frequência no mês de outubro, com intensidade média e na média estratosfera, enquanto que eventos de característica dinâmica de Filamento Polar (79,31%) ocorreram com mais frequência no mês de setembro, também com media intensidade e na média estratosfera.

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Peres, Lucas Vaz. "EFEITO SECUNDÁRIO DO BURACO DE OZÔNIO ANTÁRTICO SOBRE O SUL DO BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10269.

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Анотація:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this Dissertation were identified events of influence of the Antarctic ozone hole over the South of Brazil that occurred in the period between 1979 and 2011. For this, we analyzed the daily average data of total ozone column obtained through the Brewer Spectrophotometers MKIV #081 model during the period 1992-2000, MKII model #056 of 2000-2002 and MKIII #167 model from 2002 to the present day, installed in the Southern Space Observatory- OES/CRS/INPE MCTI (29,4 °S; 53,8°O; 488,7m) and by satellite instruments Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to the same latitude of the southern Space Observatory in the absence of surface equipment data, searching for days of falls in ozone content. For these days, isentrópicas analyses were conducted of potential vorticity using Reanalysis data provided by the National Centers for Environmental PredictionAtmospheric Research (NCEPNCAR), in order to verify the origin of ozone-poor air mass. Confirmation of the origin of polar air masses took place through the analysis of the trajectories retroactive made through the Hysplit model of NOAA. In addition, it was also conducted a complementary analysis through the pictures of the ozone content of TOMS and OMI, the ozone hole in the Antarctic region and its connection to the South of Brazil. The methodology used was effective in the identification of 66 events of the Influence of Antarctic Ozone Hole over south of Brazil, which showed an average drop of 8.66 ± 3.13 in the ozone content. The identification of the stratospheric circulation pattern through the medium of the vorticity field potential for the occurrence of the phenomenon was performed. In addition, were shown an analysis of synoptic weather troposphere during the occurrence of two events, noting that in both cases, the events occurred in a situation front post on the South of Brazil, coupled with the passage of the input region polar polar or subtropical jet stream, characterized by the occurrence of the event of the tropopause folding where stratospheric air intrusion occurs in the troposphere, and advancement of a high-pressure front post system that prevents the formation of significant cloud cover. Leveraging the operating environment of the Atmospheric Modeling Group (GRUMA) at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), using data from the output of numerical weather forecasting model Global Forecast System (GFS) in making maps of potential vorticity, can carry out effectively the clue of the forecast arrival of stratospheric air masses of polar origin on the southern Brazil during the spring of the year of 2012 with at least four days in advance, coinciding with the events of transport these side effects of the Antarctic ozone hole over the South of Brazil identified in the current year.
Na presente Dissertação foram identificados os eventos de Efeito Secundário do Buraco de Ozônio Antártico ocorridos sobre o Sul do Brasil no período entre 1979 e 2011. Para isso, foram analisados os dados médios diários da coluna total de ozônio obtidos através dos Espectrofotômetros Brewer modelo MKIV #081 durante o período de 1992 2000, modelo MKII #056 de 2000 2002 e modelo MKIII #167 de 2002 até os dias atuais, instalados no Observatório Espacial do Sul OES/CRS/INPE MCTI (29,4 °S; 53,8°O; 488,7m) e pelos instrumentos de satélite Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) e Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) para a mesma latitude do Observatório Espacial do Sul na falta de dados do equipamento de superfície, buscando dias de quedas no conteúdo de ozônio. Para estes dias, foram realizadas análises isentrópicas de vorticidade potencial utilizando dados de reanálise fornecidos pelo National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), a fim de verificar a origem da massa de ar pobre em ozônio. A confirmação da origem polar das massas de ar deu-se através da análise das trajetórias retroativas confeccionadas através do modelo Hysplit da NOAA. Além disso, foi também realizada uma análise complementar através das imagens do conteúdo de ozônio dos satélites TOMS e OMI, verificando-se a atuação do Buraco de Ozônio na região Antártica e sua conexão com o Sul do Brasil. A metodologia empregada mostrou-se eficaz na identificação de 66 eventos de Efeito Secundário do Buraco de Ozônio Antártico sobre o Sul do Brasil, os quais apresentaram uma queda média de 8,66 ± 3,13 % no conteúdo de ozônio. Foi realizada a identificação do padrão de circulação estratosférica através da confecção do campo médio da vorticidade potencial para os dias de ocorrência do fenômeno. Além disso, foram mostradas as analises das condições sinótica troposférica durante a ocorrência de dois eventos, observando-se que em ambos os casos, os eventos ocorreram em uma situação pós frontal sobre o Sul do Brasil, associada à passagem da região de entrada polar da corrente de jato subtropical ou polar, caracterizada pela ocorrência de evento de quebra da tropopausa onde ocorre intrusão de ar estratosférico para dentro da troposfera, e avanço de um sistema de alta pressão pós frontal que impede a formação de nebulosidade significativa. Aproveitando o ambiente operacional do Grupo de Modelagem Atmosférica (GRUMA) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), utilizando dados da saída do modelo de previsão numérica de tempo Global Forecast System (GFS) na confecção de mapas de vorticidade potencial, pode-se realizar eficazmente a previsão do indício da chegada de massas de ar estratosféricas de origem polar sobre o Sul do Brasil durante o período da primavera do ano de 2012, com pelo menos quatro dias de antecedência, coincidindo estes transportes com os eventos de Efeito Secundário do Buraco de Ozônio Antártico sobre o Sul do Brasil identificados no corrente ano.

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Книги з теми "Antarctic Ozone Hole"

Shanklin, J. D. The Antarctic ozone hole. [Cambridge, England]: British Antarctic Survey, 1998.

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Shanklin, Jonathan. The Antarctic ozone hole. [U.K.]: British Antarctic Survey, 1998.

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Protection, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Environmental. Implications of the findings of the expedition to investigate the ozone hole over the Antarctic: Joint hearing before the subcommittee on Environmental Prtotection and Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Substances of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, October 27, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Protection, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Environmental. Implications of the findings of the expedition to investigate the ozone hole over the Antarctic: Joint hearing before the subcommittees on Environmental Protection and Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Substances of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, October 27, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Science, Inc Planet Earth. Antarctic Expeditions: Ozone Hole. The New Media Studio, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Antarctic Ozone Hole"

Dieminger, Walter, Gerd K. Hartmann, and Reinhart Leitinger. "The Antarctic Ozone Hole." In The Upper Atmosphere, 798–808. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78717-1_20.

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Ghosh, S. N. "Atmospheric Ozone, its Depletion and the Antarctic Ozone Hole." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 37–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0071-9_3.

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Newman, Paul A., Eric R. Nash, Anne R. Douglass, J. Eric Nielsen, and Richard S. Stolarski. "Estimating When the Antarctic Ozone Hole will Recover." In Twenty Years of Ozone Decline, 191–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_14.

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Newman, Paul A. "Chemistry and dynamics of the Antarctic Ozone Hole." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 157–71. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000873.

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Loyola, Diego, Thilo Erbertseder, Dimitris Balis, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Rob Spurr, Michel Van Roozendael, Pieter Valks, Walter Zimmer, Julian Meyer-Arnek, and Christophe Lerot. "Operational Monitoring of the Antarctic Ozone Hole: Transition from GOME and SCIAMACHY to GOME-2." In Twenty Years of Ozone Decline, 213–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_16.

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Prézelin, Barbara B., Nicolas P. Boucher, and Ray C. Smith. "Marine primary production under the influence of the Antarctic ozone hole: Icecolors '90." In Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects, 159–86. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar062p0159.

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Kanzawa, Hiroshi, and Sadao Kawaguchi. "Large Stratospheric Sudden Warming in Antarctic Late Winter and Shallow Ozone Hole in 1988: Observation by Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition." In Dynamics, Transport and Photochemistry in the Middle Atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere, 135–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0693-8_9.

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Crutzen, Paul J., and Frank Arnoldt. "Nitric-Acid Cloud Formation in the Cold Antarctic Stratosphere—A Major Cause for the Springtime Ozone Hole." In Paul J. Crutzen: A Pioneer on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change in the Anthropocene, 153–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27460-7_6.

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van Dorland, R., and J. P. F. Fortuin. "Simulation of the Observed Stratospheric Temperature Trends 1967–1987 over Antarctica due to Ozone Hole Deepening." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 237–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_27.

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Stefanutti, L., M. del Guasta, M. Morandi, V. M. Sacco, F. Castagnoli, E. Palchetti, L. Zuccagnoli, G. Megie, S. Godin, and Cai Peipei. "The Italian Program in Antarctica, Related to the Ozone Hole Problem and the Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study." In Optoelectronics for Environmental Science, 61–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5895-4_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Antarctic Ozone Hole"

Leme*, Neusa Paes, Volker W. J. H. Kirchhoff, and Claudia Boian. "Ozone Hole Depletion over Brazilian Antarctic Station in the spring 2003/2004." In 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 11-14 September 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2005-436.

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Paes Leme, Neusa, and Volker W.J.H. Kirchhoff and Claudia Boian. "Ozone Hole Depletion over Brazilian Antarctic Station in the spring 2003/2004." In 9th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.160.sbgf436.

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Lubin, Dan, Kevin Arrigo, and Osmund Holm-Hansen. "Assessing the ecological impact of the Antarctic ozone hole using multisensor satellite data." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by James R. Slusser, Jay R. Herman, and Wei Gao. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.509148.

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Kashkin, Valentin B., Tatyana V. Rubleva, and Aleksey A. Romanov. "Modulation of the meridional ozone transfer by the Southern oscillation, ENSO, in the time of filling Antarctic ozone hole." In 26th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2575634.

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Browell, Edward V. "Airborne Dial Measurements Of Ozone And Aerosols Over The Amazon Rain Forest Of Brazil And In The Ozone Hole Over Antarctica." In 1988 Los Angeles Symposium--O-E/LASE '88, edited by Frank Allario. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.944242.

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