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1
Andersson, Cecilia. "Dags för samling! En studie om samlingens form och genomförande i förskolan." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detta examensarbete är en studie i hur samlingen iscensätts och skapas av de som deltar i den. Syftet är att utforska hur olika aktörer skapar samlingen utifrån hur dessa tar plats i samlingen. Fokus ligger på att finna de aktörer som formar samlingen, vilken betydelse förskollärarens roll har och hur hen framträder för att nå fram till sitt planerade syfte, samt om det finns gemensamma regler och på vilket sätt dessa upprätthålls. För att studera detta har jag utgått från Latours Actor -network- theory och dess tanke om att alla sociala grupperingar är skapade som ett nätverk av kopplingar där olika aktörer både mänskliga och ting agerar. Jag har även använt Goffmans teori om det sociala samspelet liknande en scen där människor spelar olika roller och agerar genom att föra sig på olika sätt. Här har även begreppen ritual, sårbarhet och frame varit viktiga verktyg. Som huvudsakligt material till studien har jag använt mig av ett antal observationer av samlingar på en förskola i Sverige. Studien har visat att samlingen i förskolan skapas av ett brett nät av aktörer i form av både förskollärare, barn och material som tillsammans skapar samlingen och dess form. Detta gör att varje samling skapar sitt eget unika nät, beroende av vilka som tar plats. Många samlingar har ritualiserade inslag så som sånger, rörelser och regler, men det finns även många sårbarheter i en samling där alla skall följa samma ramar. Desto tydligare ramarna uttrycks desto starkare blir dem, dock finns sårbarheten där och hotar eftersom ingen aktör är så stark att inte en annan kan ta över handlingen. Det är denna balansgång som förskolläraren ska hantera, men genom en skicklighet i att använda dramaturgin, inramningen och att tro på sin egen förmåga skapar hen förutsättningar för en trygg samling.
2
Vangaever, Jasper. "Categories under pressure : the gerund and the present participle from Late Latin to Old French." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse étudie empiriquement l’évolution du gérondif et du participe présent en latin tardif et examine sur la base de cette étude l’impact de leur fusion morphologique en ancien français sur leur distinction catégorielle. Les résultats confirment l’hypothèse standard de l’évolution du gérondif et du participe présent en latin tardif, mais seulement en partie : ils soutiennent une spécialisation du gérondif dans la syntaxe externe de l’adverbe, mais pas du participe présent dans celle de l’adjectif. Ainsi, le gérondif montre des signes de « converbalisation », alors que le participe présent ne subit pas de processus de « participialisation ». Comme le gérondif, le participe présent a une syntaxe externe principalement adverbiale, et ressemble ainsi plus à un converbe qu’à un participe (cf. Haspelmath 1995 : 4). Cette similitude fonctionnelle entre le gérondif et le participe présent en latin tardif fait que leur fusion morphologique en ancien français pose un problème majeur pour leur distinction catégorielle. Une proportion considérable des formes en -ant en ancien français (38%) est catégoriellement indéterminée, i.e. non catégorisable comme des gérondifs ou des participes présents – même en supposant que le gérondif et le participe présent n’empiètent pas sur la distribution de l’autre, ni dans le passage du latin tardif à l’ancien français, ni durant la période de l’ancien français. Ce constat amène à conclure que la fusion morphologique du gérondif et du participe présent en ancien français entraine la fusion de ces deux types de formes verbales aussi sur le plan catégoriel. L’étiquette proposée pour ce blend catégoriel est purement formelle : « forme en -ant »This dissertation empirically investigates the evolution of the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin, and examines on the basis of this investigation the impact of their morphological merging in Old French on their categorial distinction. The results of this thesis confirm the standard hypothesis of the evolution of the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin, but only partly: they support a specialisation of the gerund in adverbial external syntax, but not of the present participle in adjectival external syntax. Thus, the gerund shows signs of ‘converbalisation’, while the present participle does not undergo a process of ‘participialisation’. Like the gerund, the present participle in Late Latin has mostly adverbial external syntax, and is as such more converb-like than participle-like (cf. Haspelmath 1995: 4). This functional similarity between the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin makes that their morphological merging in Old French raises a major problem for their categorial distinction. A considerable proportion of all Old French ant forms (38%) is categorially indeterminate, that is, not categorisable as either gerunds or present participles – even under the assumption that the gerund and the present participle do not encroach on each other’s distribution, neither in the transition from Late Latin to Old French, nor during the Old French period. This finding leads to the conclusion that the morphological merging of the gerund and the present participle in Old French causes these two types of non-finite verb forms to merge also on a categorial level. The label proposed for this categorial blend is the purely formal one ‘-ant form’
3
au, J. Kenworthy@murdoch edu, and Jeffrey Raymond Kenworthy. "Driving cycles, urban form and transport energy." Murdoch University, 1986. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051103.145933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The oil shortages and price rises of the 1970s led to a broad spectrum of policies designed to save fuel in transport. One such group of policies concentrated on utilising the longstanding observation that congestion-free driving improves vehicular fuel economy. In particular, improving the average speed of urban traffic was believed to reduce urban fuel use. Strategies to create free-flowing traffic networks through traffic engineering and management techniques became an integral part of most transport energy conservation strategies. At the same time urban systems studies were appearing which suggested that urban land use factors are fundamental in determining transport energy demand. Some cities with denser, more centralised developnent patterns and congested traffic systems appeared to have lower per capita transport energy use than cities with low density, dispersed land use and free-flowing traffic networks. Conflicts thus began to be recognised between these land use studies and the traffic studies but they were never systematically examined.
This thesis focuses on explaining and attempting to resolve these apparent conflicts by drawing out the relative importance of freeflowing, fuel efficient traffic and broader land use/transport factors in determining urban system fuel efficiency. It does this by showing how a holistic understanding of transport energy use can be achieved by recognising the different levels of know1edge involved and by integrating research a t all these levels. Adopting this approach, a detailed examination is made of transport energy use in Perth, Western Australia. Spatial and temporal patterns of urban driving and vehicular fuel consumption are derived using a computer-instrumented vehicle within a framework of urban ecology. These patterns are described in detail and are found to be understandable in terms of a simple model of intersection and vehicle-based traffic events. Using this simple model, urban driving and fuel consumption patterns are then systematically linked back to their urban ecological framework. Centrality, as expressed by urban activity intensity emerges as the major underlying factor in both the urban ecological framework and driving patterns. Driving cycles for central to outer areas as well as the whole city are produced and a detailed examination is made of driving cycle development procedures, including the issue of data resolution. Two new methods of driving cycle synthesis are formulated.
Driving cycles together with travel survey and land use/transport model data are then used to estimate spatial differences in transport energy use per capita within the urban ecological framework. This case study is used to test two conceptual models of transport energy conservation implied by the traffic and land use studies: a linear assumptions model which suggests reductions in urban system fuel use through freer-flowing traffic and a feedback assumptions model which introduces some possible broader system effects of free-flowing and congested traffic. The results suggest very strong support for the feedback model and a reversal of the linear model. Urban structural factors such as distance from the CBD and density are found to be the major explanatory factors of Perth's transport energy use. The much higher vehicular fuel consumption in Perth's inner areas due to restricted traffic flows are completely offset by energy conserving land use and transport features which result in lower per capita energy use in these areas; the lower vehicular fuel consumption in uncongested outer areas is swamped by land use factors which result in longer travel distances and less use of energy conserving modes, resulting in markedly higher per capita energy use, i .e. a trade-off is found between a fuel efficient traffic system and a fuel efficient urban system. It is concluded that policies which propose fuel savings from "blanket" improvements in urban trraffic flow, such as major road building programmes will be counter-productive, while urban planning policies which encourage higher density, more compact cities will tend to lower energy use. It is suggested that a key area of research is now how to combine selective traffic system improvements with urban land use policies so that both may work in concert to produce a more fuel efficient urban system.
4
Reid, Alan Forbes, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "A process analysis of the solution strategies used for problems contained in the Minnesota paper form board test." Deakin University. School of Education, 1986. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.091742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis reviews progress toward an understanding of the processes involved in the solution of spatial problems. Previous work employing factor analysis and information processing analysis is reviewed and the emphasis on variations in speed and accuracy as the major contributers to individual differences is noted. It is argued that the strategy used by individuals is a preferable explanatory concept for identifying the cognitive substratum necessary for problem solving.
Using the protocols obtained from subjects solving The Minnesota Paper Form Board (Revised), a test commonly regarded as measuring skill in spatial visualization, a number of different strategies are isolated. Assumptions as to the task variants which undergird these strategies are made and tested experimentally. The results suggest that task variants such as the size of the stimulus and the shape of the pieces interact with subject variables to produce the operating strategy. Skill in problem solving is revealed in the ability to structure the array, to hold a structured image and to reduce the number of answers requiring intensive processing. The interaction between task and subject variables results in appropriate or inappropriate strategies which in turn affect speed and accuracy.
Results suggest that strategy formation and usage are the keys to explaining individual differences and an heuristic model is presented to explain the performance of individual subjects on the problems involved in the Minnesota Paper Form Board. The model can be used to predict performance on other tests; and as an aid to teaching subjects experiencing difficulties.
The model presented incorporates strategy variation and is consequently mores complex than previously suggested models. It is argued that such complexity is necessary to explain the nature of a subject's performance and is also necessary to perform diagnostic evaluation.
Certain structural -features of the Minnesota Paper Form Board are questioned and suggestions for improvement included. The essential explanatory function of the strategy in use makes the prevalent group administration approach suspect in the prediction of future performance in spatial or vocational activity.
5
au, n. jackson@murdoch edu, and Natalie Deanne Jackson. "Simple arithmetic processing : fact retrieval mechanisms and the influence of individual difference, surface from, problem type and split on processing." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070717.114439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current theorising in the area of cognitive arithmetic suggests that simple arithmetic knowledge is stored in memory and accessed in the same way as word knowledge i.e., it is stored in a network of associations, with simple facts retrieved automatically from memory. However, to date, the main methodologies that have been employed to investigate automaticity in simple arithmetic processing (e.g., production and verification) have produced a wide variety of difficulties in interpretation. In an attempt to address this, the present series of investigations utilised a numerical variant of the well established single word semantic priming paradigm that involved the presentation of problems as primes (e.g., 2 + 3) and solutions as targets (e.g., 5), as they would occur in a natural setting. Adult university students were exposed to both addition and multiplication problems in each of three main prime target relationship conditions, including congruent (e.g., 2 + 3 and 5), incongruent (e.g., 2 + 3 and 13), and neutral conditions (X + Y and 5). When combined with a naming task and the use of short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), this procedure enabled a more valid and reliable investigation into automaticity and the cognitive mechanisms underlying simple arithmetic processing.
The first investigation in the present series addressed the question of automaticity in arithmetic fact retrieval, whilst the remaining investigations examined the main factors thought to influence simple arithmetic processing i.e., skill level, surface form, problem type and split. All factors, except for problem type, were found to influence processing in the arithmetic priming paradigm. For example, the results of all five investigations were consistent in revealing significant facilitation in naming congruent targets for skilled participants, following exposure to Arabic digit primes at the short SOA. Accordingly, the facilitation was explained in terms of the operation of an automatic spreading activation mechanism. Additionally, significant inhibitory effects in incongruent target naming were identified in skilled performance in all of the studies in the present series of investigations. Throughout the course of these investigations, these effects were found to vary with operation, surface form and SOA, and in the final investigation, the level of inhibition was found to vary with the split between the correct solution and the incongruent target. Consequently, a number of explanations were put forward to account for these effects. In the first two investigations, it was suggested that the inhibitory effects resulted from the use of a response validity checking mechanism, whilst in the final investigation, the results were more consistent with the activation of magnitude representations in memory (this can be likened to Dehaenes, 1997, number sense). In contrast, the results of the third investigation led to the proposal that for number word primes, inhibition in processing results from the activation of phonological representations in memory, via a reading based mechanism.
The present series of investigations demonstrated the utility of the numerical variant of the single word semantic priming paradigm for the investigation of simple arithmetic processing. Given its capacity to uncover the fundamental cognitive mechanisms at work in simple arithmetic operations, this methodology has many applications in future research.
6
Butcher, John Dudley, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Lie symmetries of partial differential equations using symbolic computing." Deakin University. School of Information Technology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.123208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study presents a theoretical basis for and outlines the method of finding the Lie point symmetries of systems of partial differential equations. It seeks to determine which of five computer algebra packages is best at finding these symmetries. The chosen packages are LIEPDE and DIMSYM for REDUCE, LIE and BIGLIE for MUMATH, DESOLV for MAPLE, and MATHLIE for MATHEMATICA. This work concludes that while all of the computer packages are useful, DESOLV appears to be the most successful system at determining the complete set of Lie symmetries. Also, the study describes REDUCEVAR, a new package for MAPLE, that reduces the number of independent variables in systems of partial differential equations, using particular Lie point symmetries. It outlines the results of some testing carried out on this package. It concludes that REDUCEVAR is a very useful tool in performing the reduction of independent variables according to Lie's theory and is highly accurate in identifying cases where the symmetries are not suitable for finding S/G equations.
7
Flavell, Helen. "Writing-between : Australian and Canadian ficto-criticism /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051222.114143.
Повний текст джерела
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Morgan, Andrew Hugh, and andr morgan@gmail com. "Refrain: postmodern confessions." RMIT University. Creative Media, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080702.152100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The creative component of my project is a conteporary, confessional novel, Refrain. The narrator, Jake, has spent his youth chasing a life that matched his dreams - first as a would-be rock star and then by fleeing to India in search of exotic adventures with his girlfriend. Now he returns alone to the suburban backwater he'd tried so hard to escape, ready for stability and responsibility. However, his attempts to reinvent himself in this world of chronic unemployment and limited horizons are thrown into confusion by old friends, estranged fmaily members, an unresolved attachment, and by his musical successor - a volatile young woman with her own problems, who draws him back to things he'd rather forget and towards a future he isn't ready to face. Refain is a story of idealism and desire, fading hopes and unexpected opportunities, long-distance love and short-sightedness. The exegetical component of my project investigates the term 'portmodern confession' as an i ntersection of the confessional narrative mode and postmodernism, and its application to two recent texts: The sportswriter by Richard Ford, and The remains of teh day by Kazuo Ishiguro.
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Loh, Angeline M. "The recovery of 3-D structure using visual texture patterns." University of Western Australia, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[Truncated abstract] One common task in Computer Vision is the estimation of three-dimensional surface shape from two-dimensional images. This task is important as a precursor to higher level tasks such as object recognition - since shape of an object gives clues to what the object is - and object modelling for graphics. Many visual cues have been suggested in the literature to provide shape information, including the shading of an object, its occluding contours (the outline of the object that slants away from the viewer) and its appearance from two or more views. If the image exhibits a significant amount of texture, then this too may be used as a shape cue. Here, ‘texture’ is taken to mean the pattern on the surface of the object, such as the dots on a pear, or the tartan pattern on a tablecloth. This problem of estimating the shape of an object based on its texture is referred to as shape-form-texture and it is the subject of this thesis . . . The work in this thesis is likely to impact in a number of ways. The second shape-form-texture algorithm provides one of the most general solutions to the problem. On the other hand, if the assumptions of the first shape-form-texture algorithm are met, this algorithm provides an extremely usable method, in that users should be able to input images of textured objects and click on the frontal texture to quickly reconstruct a fairly good estimation of the surface. And lastly, the algorithm for estimating the transformation between textures can be used as a part of many shape-form-texture algorithms, as well as being useful in other areas of Computer Vision. This thesis gives two examples of other applications for the method: re-texturing an object and placing objects in a scene.
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Malcolm, Jeremy. "Multi-stakeholder public policy governance and its application to the Internet Governance Forum /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2008. https://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080416.94945.
Повний текст джерела
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da, Silva Ramos Cristhiane, and cristhiane ramos@rmit edu au. "Establishing fundamental theories for internet atlas realisation with application in the Brazilian primary education system." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070109.100627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis addresses a research programme that aimed to provide an open standard methodology for publishing Brazilian local primary school atlases on the World Wide Web. It also aims to contribute to the use of computer laboratories provided to Brazilian primary schools by the Brazilian government. Using a local school atlas as the source of information, a Web-based prototype of the School Atlas of Rio Claro (SP) was developed in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). SVG is a vector-based standard for publishing interactive graphics on the Web validated by the Web Consortium. This prototype was tested with a group of Brazilian primary school teachers. The test was conducted with fourteen teachers, all of them were familiar with the paper version of the School Atlas. During weekly meetings, the participants took notes to discuss and reflect about the practices held in school with local maps. The main test carried out with teachers was to prepare a paper activity based on the atlas content. The idea behind this activity was to foster teachers to leave a passive role as mere users and interact with the product in a more active fashion. In order to enable them to take full advantage of simple digital tools they were briefly trained to capture screen, use image editing software (they were instructed on the use of Paint, an image editing application available in Windows), and to copy text from the atlas. The results demonstrated that the teachers were keen to interact with the product and, although reproducing some common practices of paper atlas use, they revealed a deep interest on the use of the Internet as a medium for education and the prototype itself. A second test was carried out with a group of atlas developers. They were given a time frame of two weeks to develop an SVG-based atlas using the methodology proposed in this research. They completed the task within the time frame proposed however they indicated that more specific training should be desirable; this finding indicates the need to introduce digital map publishing as a subject to be taught in geosciences undergraduate courses in Brazil. It is believed that open standard methodology proposed here can be applied to other cities also developing local atlases for early geographical education.
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Baldwin, Nigel, and baldwin@unimelb edu au. "'Philanthropic' Support for the Arts: Views from the Corporate Sector." RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100205.141643.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corporate support for the Arts, what views are held by the corporate sector about their support for the arts in Australia? Comparison of the literature of the not-for-profit arts sector in Australia with that of the USA and Britain highlights differences in the structure of philanthropic trusts in the USA and their contribution to the not-for-profit arts and the benefit of arts funding in Britain due to support form funding from lotteries. The Australian not-for-profit arts sector does not have support from lottery funding or a long history of support from philanthropic sources. An alternate funding source is corporations, and the role they play in support for the not-for-profit arts in Australia whilst acknowledged, remains unclear. With the use of an Interpretivist approach, this has been an exploratory study. Data was generated through focused interviews with representatives from companies, agencies of government and private philanthropy. The findings from the research have lead to the formation of the view that for the participant populations, support for the arts is considered to be sponsorship (perhaps mirroring structural changes in wider society); that is becoming focussed and strategic and in some instances comes at the expense of sports funding. Competition for corporate funding is not confined to the arts, but the wider not-for-profit sector and corporate decision making has become more astute. Policies and procedures support the decision process, aligning it with corporate goals reducing any impact of internal bias.
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Albhbah, Atia M. "Dynamic web forms development using RuleML. Building a framework using metadata driven rules to control Web forms generation and appearance." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Web forms development for Web based applications is often expensive, laborious, error-prone, time consuming and requires a lot of effort. Web forms are used by many different people with different backgrounds and a lot of demands. There is a very high cost associated with the need to update the Web application systems to achieve these demands.
A wide range of techniques and ideas to automate the generation of Web forms exist. These techniques and ideas however, are not capable of generating the most dynamic behaviour of form elements, and make Insufficient use of database metadata to control Web forms¿ generation and appearance.
In this thesis different techniques are proposed that use RuleML and database metadata to build rulebases to improve the automatic and dynamic generation of Web forms.
First this thesis proposes the use of a RuleML format rulebase using Reaction RuleML that can be used to support the development of automated Web interfaces. Database metadata can be extracted from system catalogue tables in typical relational database systems, and used in conjunction with the rulebase to produce appropriate Web form elements. Results show that this mechanism successfully insulates application logic from code and suggests that
Abstract
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the method can be extended from generic metadata rules to more domain specific rules.
Second it proposes the use of common sense rules and domain specific rules rulebases using Reaction RuleML format in conjunction with database metadata rules to extend support for the development of automated Web forms.
Third it proposes the use of rules that involve code to implement more semantics for Web forms. Separation between content, logic and presentation of Web applications has become an important issue for faster development and easy maintenance. Just as CSS applied on the client side to control the overall presentation of Web applications, a set of rules can give a similar consistency to the appearance and operation of any set of forms that interact with the same database. We develop rules to order Web form elements and query forms using Reaction RuleML format in conjunction with database metadata rules. The results show the potential of RuleML formats for representing database structural and active semantics.
Fourth it proposes the use of a RuleML based approach to provide more support for greater semantics for example advanced domain support even when this is not a DBMS feature. The approach is to specify most of the semantics associated with data stored in RDBMS, to overcome some RDBMSs limitations. RuleML could be used to represent database metadata as an external format.
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Bell, Jason. "An analysis of global shape processing using radial frequency contours." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Encoding the shape of objects within the visual environment is one of the important roles of the visual system. This thesis investigates the proposition that human sensitivity to a broad range of closed-contour shapes is underpinned by multiple shape channels (Loffler, Wilson, & Wilkinson, 2003). Radial frequency (RF) contours are a novel type of stimulus that can be used to represent simple and complex shapes; they are created by sinusoidally modulating the radius of a circle, where the number of cycles of modulation defines the RF number (Wilkinson, Wilson, & Habak, 1998). This thesis uses RF contours to enhance our understanding of the visual processes which support shape perception. The first part of the thesis combines low and high RF components, which Loffler et al. have suggested are detected by separate global and local processes respectively, onto a single contour and shows that, even when combined, the components are detected independently at threshold. The second part of the thesis combines low RF components from across the range where global processing has been demonstrated (up to approximately RF10) onto a single contour in order to test for interactions between them. The resulting data reveal that multiple narrow-band contour shape channels are required to account for performance, and also indicate that these shape channels have inhibitory connections between them. The third part of the thesis examines the local characteristics which are used to represent shape information within these channels. The results show that both the breadth (polar angle subtended) of individual curvature features, and their relative angular positions (in relation to object centre) are important for representing RF shapes; however, processing is IV not tuned for object size, or for modulation amplitude. In addition, we show that luminance and contrast cues are effectively combined at the level where these patterns are detected, indicating a single later processing stage is adequate to explain performance for these pattern characteristics. Overall the findings show that narrow-band shape channels are a useful way to explain sensitivity to a broad range of closed-contour shapes. Modifications to the current RF detection model (Poirier & Wilson, 2006) are required to incorporate inhibitory connections between shape channels and also, to accommodate the effective integration of luminance and contrast cues.
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Dudley, Dean. "Engaging adolescent girls in school sport a feasibility study /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080917.131311/index.html.
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Bouchon, François. "GRILLE ET COMPLEXITE. : Analyse de l'entrecroisement régulier de lignes dans l'histoire de l'art." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690877.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La grille tient une place problématique dans l'histoire de l'art. Le critique y voit une structure abstraite, un signe pictural, une originalité recouvrant la rupture posée début xxème entre peinture et histoire. Or, le cubisme, sensément initial, se montre pluriel et perclus de résonances classiques. D'où, ressortent l'idée de charnière et la nécessité de définir d'abord la grille comme forme, possibilité de structure et qui peut faire sens. Mondrian retourne le tableau brunelleschien puis, fort de Braque, tente de mettre en phase représentation plane et plan de représentation. Par son œil, l'objet devient ainsi << division du mur" et, poussée l'outrance, la grille se réduit à un modèle architectural. Ceci dit, son ultime période suggère que la forme sait autrement répondre d'un modèle textile (le tressage). Matisse, lui, emprunte au tapis qui privilégiele nœud, le module, non la ligne. La grille textile revêt trois variantes, étrangères en termes d'extension et de processus. Le modèle architectural reconnaît ces versions. Un cas unique favorisant le nœud fait ressurgir un troisième modèle: cartographique. Sa variante nodale (le marteloire) se retrouve chez Mondrian (en écho à l'histoire de la peinture hollandaise) et chez Braque (sans plus de raison que formelle). La relation à l'œuvre d'art, propice au<< fictionnement ", et son anachronisme expliquent la qualité anhistorique de la forme. Psychologie et anthropologie aidant, une stratégie émerge, permettant (selon certains critères dont le marteloire pour schème) de l'étudier à l'œuvre scientifiquement (non seulement pour document), tel un complexe production-réception duquel la rencontre se rejoue indéfiniment.
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Copland, Paul S., and n/a. "Embryonic stem cell research and the metaphysics of identity." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070914.141825.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to revolutionise both the practice of medicine and our understanding of the human body. Although the usual technical and financial limitations of research apply, perhaps the greatest obstacle to the progress of this research at the present time is the ethical concerns surrounding the destruction of early human embryos. The established debate over the ethical significance of the early embryo has thus taken on renewed importance.
Within biology stem cell research has begun to overturn some long held assumptions about the roles of genes and cellular interaction in development. Building on recent advances in stem cell biology I develop a concept of Form that neatly captures what it is to be individuals like us in biological terms. Form not only defines a biological individual that exists across time regardless of changes in its physical constituents but also provides the biological foundation for our higher mental properties and our identity as persons.
At the heart of the embryo debate is confusion over what human individuals are and therefore when they began. Defining when we began as the ethically significant individuals that we are now is the key to the embryo debate. Our metaphysics of identity is thus crucial to understanding the moral significance of the embryo.
Compared to alternative understandings of identity within the debate surrounding the embryo Form provides compelling reasons why the very early embryo, at the stage that embryonic stem cells are derived, lacks any right to life or associated ethical significance. The derivation of embryonic stem cells is thus found to be ethically permissible.
18
Mikhail, Samia, and fasisami@netspace net au. "The experimental art of Arthur and Corinne Cantrill." RMIT University. Applied Communication, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061222.094324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis analyses the effect of the personal history of Arthur and Corinne Cantrill, two Australian independent filmmakers, on their style of filmmaking. It analyses their representation of film-form experimentation within national Australian art in a range of independent film works. It reflects on their cultural relation to the general history of independent filmmaking in Australia, America and Europe. It studies the circumstances tat resulted in the appearance of the Cantrills' experimental film and their relation to international art theories and film experimentation. This thesis will examine how the Cantrills' film works, which were often critical of conventional filmmaking styles, and their critical writing, statements and promotion of their independent and experimental film work contributed significantly to theoretical discussion and argument about the physical nature of film within Australia. This examination is explored through asking and answering the central question: The work of Aurtheur and Corinne Cantrell is theoretically drawn from a tradition of European arts and visually drawn from Australian landscape and urban culture; can their work be identified and undertood as Australian art?
19
Raina, Akanksha. "Pro-forma for city form." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 124 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 118-123).
This thesis aims to examine impact of financial decisions on the city morphology, specifically on the current crop of new city projects undertaken in India. While there has been some existing research on impact of capital market, institutional framework, on the existing cities and their struggles, there is littl that tis spoken about the motivations of development agencies, their manifestos and aspirations, for the new cities that are being planned. My research explores green field projects in an attempt to distill, through comparison and contrast, cities developed as a private or public goods. The physical design of the urban fabric of a city is a result of many forces. These could be the economic, social, cultural, political or the aspiration aspects that dictate the physical form of the city With the inflow of capital in the developing world new cities are being built from scratch in many parts of the developing world. Visualized as products in the real estate industry as investments and assured long term returns, these regions are conceived as places of enhanced productivity Cities are now considered the drivers of consumption and accelerateors of economic growth. India, with an increasingly open economy and history of social ideals, poses a unique dichotomy of resultant new city building processes. As the state edges towards more open markets pro-urbanization policies, disparate methods of developing and financing new city projects wIl emerge. The unique presence of two polar development strategies within the same macro context shall enrich this study and let me draw parallels to distill the parameters. The thesis shall explore the cases thorgh the lens of finance specifically and the implications of financial strategies on the resultant urban form. A narrative format weaves in the socio political and cultural aspects along with specific market conditions, of the two cases -Naya Raipur and Jaypee Sports City, and provides detailed accounts of the policies and agency practices, what landlords and realtors are responding to, and how ultimately these plans in place today evole into future cities. Ultimately, these findings indicate how deeply embedded both social and fianncial scenarios are in the development of cities and the need to question the adequacy of just one model instead of the other.
by Akanksha Raina.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
20
Mian, Ajmal Saeed. "Representations and matching techniques for 3D free-form object and face recognition." University of Western Australia. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[Truncated abstract] The aim of visual recognition is to identify objects in a scene and estimate their pose. Object recognition from 2D images is sensitive to illumination, pose, clutter and occlusions. Object recognition from range data on the other hand does not suffer from these limitations. An important paradigm of recognition is model-based whereby 3D models of objects are constructed offline and saved in a database, using a suitable representation. During online recognition, a similar representation of a scene is matched with the database for recognizing objects present in the scene . . . The tensor representation is extended to automatic and pose invariant 3D face recognition. As the face is a non-rigid object, expressions can significantly change its 3D shape. Therefore, the last part of this thesis investigates representations and matching techniques for automatic 3D face recognition which are robust to facial expressions. A number of novelties are proposed in this area along with their extensive experimental validation using the largest available 3D face database. These novelties include a region-based matching algorithm for 3D face recognition, a 2D and 3D multimodal hybrid face recognition algorithm, fully automatic 3D nose ridge detection, fully automatic normalization of 3D and 2D faces, a low cost rejection classifier based on a novel Spherical Face Representation, and finally, automatic segmentation of the expression insensitive regions of a face.
21
Mian, Ajmal Saeed. "Representations and matching techniques for 3D free-form object and face recognition /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0046.
Повний текст джерела
22
Sukkar, Malak, and sukkarm@stvmph org au. "Executives' Decision Making in Australian Private Hospitals: Margin or Mission?" RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081031.162754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines decision making at executive level in Australian private hospitals as a social phenomenon, since individuals draw meaning from their own biographical and social environmental experiences. The researcher interpreted the constructed realities of the factors influencing executives' decisions within the context of private hospitals - a field that is rarely examined through the lens of social research. Using an Interpretivist research paradigm, the researcher conducted semi- structured and in-depth interviews with sixteen executive members who are experts in their field and represent both sectors of the private hospital industry: private for-profit and private not-for-profit. The data generated was transformed into technical accounts using an abductive research strategy and adopting Schütz's notion of first-order and second-order constructs. Using Giddens' Structuration Theory, that stressed the fundamental role of the human agent, the structure and their mutual dependence, the researcher moved beyond the interpretation of individuals' meanings, to incorporate the structure as an entity that can be formed and reformed. The researcher interpreted social actors' constructed meanings of these social phenomena in their work environment to form the elements of a two-dimensional decision making model at organisational level, incorporating the present with the future and the internal with the external factors. On an individual level, three different approaches to decision making were identified, based on whether executives perceived the decision making phenomenon as intuition, as a reasoned process or as an expected outcome. While being from a limited research sample, the findings of this study suggest that the paradox of mission / economic decisions restrained executives in the not-for-profit sector from strengthening their hospitals' financial performance, putting at risk, therefore, their ability to achieve social dividends as a way to proclaim their mission. On the other hand, in the for-profit sector, shareholders' dividends appeared to be a strong catalyst for attaining profit maximisation when making decisions. In both settings, the findings suggest that the role of stakeholder theory is questionable, particularly when executives remained hesitant to involve medical specialists, whom they considered to be major stakeholders and profit generators for private hospitals. This attitude appeared to be constant, despite the changes identified in executives' individual approaches to decision making. However, early signs of shifts towards adopting more commercially and socially accountable decisions were apparent in not-for-p rofit and for-profit sectors respectively. The thesis sets out recommendations to assist executives in managing the different factors that interplay to form executives' decisions. The importance of having a mission in business longevity and the integration, as opposed to alignment, of strategic goals with business operations when making executive decisions in private hospitals was highlighted. The implications for both sectors are described and recommendations for further research are suggested.
23
Dinama, Desmond, and s3084691@student rmit edu au. "Greywater Systems: Barriers for Builders." RMIT University. Property, Construction and Project Management, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090119.142338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australia is one of the driest continents in the world with changing climatic conditions continuing to put a strain on potable water sources. The use of water saving technologies such as greywater systems in residential properties is an important water conservation tool in order to reduce the consumption of the finite potable water resources in Australia. To this end, Master Builders Association Victoria with the assistance of RMIT University investigated the current barriers that builders face with regard to the installation of greywater systems in residential properties. Builders like other property and construction professionals have a part to play in promoting the use of sustainable technologies. The main aims of the project were to firstly find out or identify barriers that are inhibiting builders from installing greywater systems and secondly to identify and formulate strategies to reduce or eliminate the barriers identified. The main barriers for builders are; high cost, government regulations, lack of builder awareness or knowledge, and low client demand. The potential solutions for the reduction or elimination of the barriers identified as part of the research include; economic and reliable greywater systems, creation of a website with link on greywater systems and educating the general public.
24
Albhbah, Atia Mahmod. "Dynamic web forms development using RuleML : building a framework using metadata driven rules to control Web forms generation and appearance." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Web forms development for Web based applications is often expensive, laborious, error-prone, time consuming and requires a lot of effort. Web forms are used by many different people with different backgrounds and a lot of demands. There is a very high cost associated with the need to update the Web application systems to achieve these demands. A wide range of techniques and ideas to automate the generation of Web forms exist. These techniques and ideas however, are not capable of generating the most dynamic behaviour of form elements, and make Insufficient use of database metadata to control Web forms' generation and appearance. In this thesis different techniques are proposed that use RuleML and database metadata to build rulebases to improve the automatic and dynamic generation of Web forms. First this thesis proposes the use of a RuleML format rulebase using Reaction RuleML that can be used to support the development of automated Web interfaces. Database metadata can be extracted from system catalogue tables in typical relational database systems, and used in conjunction with the rulebase to produce appropriate Web form elements. Results show that this mechanism successfully insulates application logic from code and suggests that Abstract iii the method can be extended from generic metadata rules to more domain specific rules. Second it proposes the use of common sense rules and domain specific rules rulebases using Reaction RuleML format in conjunction with database metadata rules to extend support for the development of automated Web forms. Third it proposes the use of rules that involve code to implement more semantics for Web forms. Separation between content, logic and presentation of Web applications has become an important issue for faster development and easy maintenance. Just as CSS applied on the client side to control the overall presentation of Web applications, a set of rules can give a similar consistency to the appearance and operation of any set of forms that interact with the same database. We develop rules to order Web form elements and query forms using Reaction RuleML format in conjunction with database metadata rules. The results show the potential of RuleML formats for representing database structural and active semantics. Fourth it proposes the use of a RuleML based approach to provide more support for greater semantics for example advanced domain support even when this is not a DBMS feature. The approach is to specify most of the semantics associated with data stored in RDBMS, to overcome some RDBMSs limitations. RuleML could be used to represent database metadata as an external format.
25
Stewart, Robyn, and n/a. "The effect of three-dimensional art works made by adults on children's construction of three-dimensional form." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.090237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many studies of children's learning in Art education have focused
on the young child working in two-dimensional processes. This
study examined ways in which emerging-adolescents worked three dimensionally
with clay. The purpose of the study was to discover
whether the introduction of adult models of three-dimensional form
would affect the way the child perceived and constructed threedimensional
form. These models were presented as perceptual
frames of reference related to the problem confronting the child.
The development of perceptual differentiation skills and perceptual,
manipulative and conceptual modes of learning underpin this
investigation.
Four intact classrooms of 12 year olds were studied and the
results were examined by a panel of judges. A rating scale
devised by the author was applied to each model. The scale was
designed to measure five aspects of three-dimensional form.
Results indicated that three-dimensional art works made by adults
do affect aspects of the way children approach visual problem solving. Implications for the use of such frames of reference in
the art classroom and indications of associated motivational and
attitudinal changes are presented in the study.
26
Wijesekera, Dhammika Harindra, and n/a. "A form based meta-schema for information and knowledge elicitation." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060904.123024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge is considered important for the survival and growth of an enterprise.
Currently knowledge is stored in various places including the bottom drawers of
employees. The human being is considered to be the most important knowledge
provider. Over the years knowledge based systems (KBS) have been developed to
capture and nurture the knowledge of domain experts. However, such systems were
considered to be separate and different from the traditional information systems
development. Many KBS development projects have failed. The main causes for such
failures have been recognised as the difficulties associated with the process of
knowledge elicitation, in particular the techniques and methods employed. On the other
hand, the main emphasis of information systems development has been in the areas of
data and information capture relating to transaction based systems. For knowledge to be
effectively captured and nurtured it is necessary for knowledge to be part of the
information systems development activity.
This thesis reports on a process of investigation and analysis conducted into the areas of
information, knowledge and the overlapping areas. This research advocates a hybrid
approach, where knowledge and information capture to be considered as one in a
unified environment. A meta-schema design based on Formal Object Role Modelling
(FORM), independent of implementation details, is introduced for this purpose. This is
considered to be a key contribution of this research activity. Both information and
knowledge is expected to be captured through this approach.
Meta data types are provided for the capture of business rules and they form part of the
knowledge base of an organisation. The integration of knowledge with data and
information is also described. XML is recognised by many as the preferred data
interchange language and it is investigated for the purpose of rule interchange. This
approach is expected to enable organisations to interchange business rules and their
meta-data, in addition to data and their schema. During interchange rules can be
interpreted and applied by receiving systems, thus providing a basis for intelligent
behaviour. With the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet the modelling of an
enterprise as a series of business processes has gained prominence. Enterprises are
moving towards integration, establishing well-described business processes within and
across enterprises, to include their customers and suppliers. The purpose is to derive a
common set of objectives and benefit from potential economic efficiencies. The
suggested meta-schema design can be used in the early phases of requirements
elicitation to specify, communicate, comprehend and refine various artefacts. This is
expected to encourage domain experts and knowledge analysts work towards describing
each business process and their interactions. Existing business processes can be
documented and business efficiencies can be achieved through a process of refinement.
The meta-schema design allows for a ?systems view? and sharing of such views, thus
enabling domain experts to focus on their area of specialisation whilst having an
understanding of other business areas and their facts. The design also allows for
synchronisation of mental models of experts and the knowledge analyst. This has been a
major issue with KBS development and one of the main reasons for the failure of such
projects. The intention of this research is to provide a facility to overcome this issue.
The natural language based FORM encourages verbalisation of the domain, hence
increasing the understanding and comprehension of available business facts.
27
Serrano, Vincenz. "'Eskinita' and other poems, and, Form, historiography, and nation in Nick Joaquin's 'Almanac for Manileños'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eskinita-and-other-poems-and-form-historiography-and-nation-in-nick-joaquins-almanac-for-manilenos(0e55ceea-e7ad-4075-b4a5-3a9a9ace1729).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eskinita and Other Poems Eskinita and Other Poems is a collection of poems and sequences with Manila as its context and the city walker as its key figure. An eskinita - a Tagalog diminution of the Spanish word esquina, which means "corner" - is a term used to refer to sidestreet so narrow that even a car would find it hard to maneuver there; an eskinita that leads to a dead end, moreover, is called an interior. Grounded in, yet taking flight from, the language and imagery of Manila, the manuscript draws on the city's history and its present moment as it juxtaposes personal experiences and scholarly sources to portray a city whose development - considered in works like Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila, Manuel Caoili's The Origins of Metropolitan Manila, and Robert Reed's Colonial Manila - is bound up with political, social, economic, and postcolonial structures. Through this space goes the city walker, a figure considered in literary and theoretical texts like Walter Benjamin's study on the flâneur, Michel de Certeau's analysis of walking, and psychogeographic writings of the Situationists. The poems are concerned with formal strategies that take their cues from Anglo-American Modernism - collages of texts in lyric and prose, serial structures, and line splicings - and aim to express the complex experience of walking in Manila, of writing Manila: juxtapositions and interpenetrations between interior and exterior, scholarly and demotic language, past and present. The long poem Eskinita extends the use of these devices: apart from prose and verse combinations, it incorporates quotation, parataxis, and photography. Although the overt aim is to offer, using the aesthetic resources of poetry, multiple and refracted views of Manila, Eskinita nevertheless endeavours to express - by constraining words, lines, and page layout - a sense of containment and limit. By counterpointing multiple textual and visual modes - and including various sources and formal devices - Eskinita and Other Poems explores and sometimes rejoices in the tensions between polyphonic and disjunctive elements, and the way their structures generate resonance and dialogue between unlikely familiars. Form, Historiography, and Nation in Nick Joaquin's Almanac for Manileños This thesis argues that the Almanac - when contextualised within the long-standing tradition of the almanac genre, and examined using the theoretical underpinnings of Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of heteroglossia, Walter Benjamin's views of fragmentary historiography, and intertwining aspects of literary form and nation formation - expresses the multiple, not singular, temporalities that constitute and complicate the Filipino nation. Produced in 1979, during Martial Law in the Philippines, the Almanac's formal strategy - demonstrated by the accommodation of discrepant genres, compression and correspondence in the calendars, and fragmentation in the essays - is a kind of non-linear historical emplotment. Such an aesthetic - derived in part from Modernism - is distinct from, and critically interrogates, fixed and linear articulations of national history. The focus of the analysis is a reading of the Almanac's calendars and essays. The distinctions and interactions between these subgenres result in a text that is both cohesive and stratified: calendrical entries which are comprised of national and religious elements and have past and future orientations inhabit the same space as temporally disjunctive essays. Despite fragmentation, the Almanac is nevertheless held together by correspondences and associations. The Almanac's oblique and tangential strategy of representing Philippine history - when seen in the light of the obsolescence of a now-moribund but then-vital genre - critiques linear historiography. By accommodating accounts of missed chances and foregrounding seemingly irrelevant details, Joaquin's Almanac interrogates historical narratives which, in the name of progress, fail to incorporate materials that are aberrant and inconsequential.
28
Strange, Cecily. "The relationship of psycho-social factors to swimming competency and attendance at swimming programs among year seven students." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Children in upper primary school who have not made progress along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum may be at a greater risk in an aquatic environment because they have not developed the swimming competency, endurance and skills needed for survival in threatening aquatic situations. Three groups representing different socio-economic and geographical areas were selected to explore the relationships between psycho-social factors and the development of swimming ability among year seven students. Two groups from lower socio-economic areas were chosen. The first group was directly on the coast with easy access to the beach, while the second group was inland in the foothills of Perth. As higher socio-economic areas in Perth are generally not far from the coast only one group from a higher socio-economic coastal area was chosen. The participants were 540 year seven students, 282 of whom were males and 258 of whom were females. The primary variable of interest was the current swimming stage of year seven participants, and the differences between genders and/or locality groups. The primary research questions investigated differences between locality groups and/or genders for; a) perceived athletic competence and global self-worth, b) perceived swimming competency, confidence in deep water and importance placed on learning to swim well. c) perceived social support for sport and swimming activities and d) attendance at Interm, Vacswim and other swimming programs and aquatic venue experience. Relationships between swimming stage and the above variables were analysed. The secondary research questions investigated the most frequent reasons given by the students for not attending or discontinuing participation inVacswim, and whether there were differences between locality groups or genders. Findings indicated that the lower socio-economic groups had a significantly lower swimming stage and lower perceived self-worth than the higher socioeconomic group. Students from the lower socio-economic inland area had the lowest mean swimming stage as well as lower perceived social support for sport and swimming than either of the other two groups in the study. The two lower socioeconomic groups also attended less swimming instruction and placed less emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than the higher socio-economic group. Despite these findings, the lower socio-economic groups did not view themselves as any less able in terms of athletic and swimming competence. However, as the two lower socio-economic groups have not progressed along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum to the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999), these groups could be viewed as at-risk in an aquatic environment. At the same time, there was evidence that attendance at Interm along with attendance at another swimming program enabled participants to reach the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999). Girls generally had a higher swimming stage than boys in the lower socio-economic areas, attended year seven Interm and Vacswim more than boys, reported more social support for sport and swimming, and placed more emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than boys. While many of these relationships between swimming stage and psycho-social factors have been intuitively accepted within the swimming teaching industry, we now have a better understanding of the strength and direction of these relationships.
29
Atencio, Matthew. "'Crunk', 'cracking' and 'choreographies' the place and meaning of health and physical activity in the lives of young people from culturally diverse urban neighborhoods /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061211.120420/index.html.
Повний текст джерела
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au, A. Hernandez@murdoch edu, and Aracely Hernandez. "Influence of the form and level of organic versus inorganic copper and zinc in diets for growing and finishing pigs." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060727.122557.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pharmacological levels of inorganic forms of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are frequently used in diets for pigs to improve performance and control post-weaning colibacillosis. However, the use of such forms and levels causes mineral accumulation in the soil, and is a non-sustainable practice from an environmental perspective. Alternatively, organic complexes of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been proposed to be more available to pigs, and when included at lower levels than inorganic sources of these minerals have significantly reduced mineral excretion in faeces without compromising performance. However the effect of these organic minerals fed simultaneously at low levels of inclusion has not been well studied. The general hypothesis tested in this thesis was that concentrations of Cu and Zn in faecal material would be reduced when fed in an organic (Bioplex®) form without compromising performance or mineral homeostasis in growing/finishing pigs, in comparison to Cu and Zn fed in an inorganic (sulphate) form.
Two experiments were performed to test this hypothesis: Experiment 1 was designed as a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two mineral forms (Bioplex® and Sulphate) and two inclusion levels (High and Low). The low levels aimed at providing 80 mg/kg of dietary Cu and Zn, and the high levels aimed at providing 160 mg/kg of dietary Cu and Zn. Experiment 2 was designed as a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two mineral forms (Bioplex® and Sulphate) and three inclusion levels (Low, Medium and High). The low levels aimed at providing 25 mg/kg of Cu and 40 mg/kg of Zn, the medium levels aimed at providing 80 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn, and the high levels aimed at providing 160 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn in the diet. Unfortunately the Medium sulphate grower diet was contaminated with excess Zn while manufacturing, which led to the exclusion of this treatment from the study.
In Experiment 1, pigs fed LB (Low Bioplex®) or HS (High Sulphate) diets grew faster (P=0.014) and their carcasses were 3.5 kg heavier (P=0.020) than LS (Low Sulphate)- or HB (High Bioplex®)-fed pigs. Pigs fed LB or HS diets had lower (P=0.001) levels of Zn in plasma, a higher (P=0.029) concentration of Zn in the pancreas and a lower (P=0.020) concentration of Zn in bone than pigs fed LS or HB diets. The concentration of Cu in liver increased (P=0.017) with the concentration in the diet as did Cu and Zn levels in faeces (P<0.001) without any difference between mineral forms. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to be improved (P=0.062) by the inclusion of Bioplex® in the diet. The inclusion of Bioplex® reduced (P=0.003) subcutaneous fat depth at the P2 site by 2.2 mm compared to the sulphate. In Experiment 2, there was no difference (P>0.05) in growth rate between experimental diets, but again there was an overall improvement (P=0.012) in FCR when Bioplex® were included. Blood and tissue Cu and Zn concentrations were within normal physiological ranges in all treatments, supporting a reduction of Cu and Zn levels in the diet. Only Zn level in plasma during the growing phase and Cu and Zn concentration in tissues increased (P<0.001) with the addition in the diet. None of the biomarkers of Cu or Zn status analysed in the pigs showed any difference between the inorganic and the Bioplex® forms. Copper and Zn concentrations in faecal material decreased (P<0.001) with their inclusion in the diet, and only in the finishing collection there was a further decrease of 10% in Zn faecal concentration when Bioplex® was included instead of the sulphate at similar low levels. Carcass and meat quality measures were independent of the Cu and Zn form or level, however a higher proportion of carcasses from LB-fed pigs had <14 mm subcutaneous fat depth at the P2 site. The inclusion of Bioplex® failed to have a significant effect on Cu excretion and its inclusion had an inconsistent effect on Zn excretion.
The overall findings from this thesis partially supported the hypothesis that the inclusion of Bioplex® would reduce the concentration of Cu and Zn in faeces compared to the inclusion of inorganic forms at similar inclusion levels. Nevertheless, total Cu and Zn levels in growing/finishing pig diets could be reduced from 160 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn to 30 mg/kg Cu and 60 mg/kg Zn, in either the sulphate or the Bioplex® form, without negatively affecting performance or mineral homeostasis in the pigs and significantly reducing Cu and Zn excretion (between 50 and 80%). The advantage of including Bioplex® instead of sulphates was in the improvement in FCR. Carcass and meat quality were independent of the form and level of dietary Cu and Zn.
31
Hernández, Aracely. "Influence of the form and level of organic versus inorganic copper and zinc in diets for growing and finishing pigs /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060727.122557.
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32
Pham, Duc Nghia, and n/a. "Modelling and Exploiting Structures in Solving Propositional Satisfiability Problems." Griffith University. Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070216.143447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent research has shown that it is often preferable to encode real-world problems as propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems and then solve using a general purpose SAT solver. However, much of the valuable information and structure of these realistic problems is flattened out and hidden inside the corresponding Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) encodings of the SAT domain. Recently, systematic SAT solvers have been progressively improved and are now able to solve many highly structured practical problems containing millions of clauses. In contrast, state-of-the-art Stochastic Local Search (SLS) solvers still have difficulty in solving structured problems, apparently because they are unable to exploit hidden structure as well as the systematic solvers. In this thesis, we study and evaluate different ways to effectively recognise, model and efficiently exploit useful structures hidden in realistic problems. A summary of the main contributions is as follows: 1. We first investigate an off-line processing phase that applies resolution-based pre-processors to input formulas before running SLS solvers on these problems. We report an extensive empirical examination of the impact of SAT pre-processing on the performance of contemporary SLS techniques. It emerges that while all the solvers examined do indeed benefit from pre-processing, the effects of different pre-processors are far from uniform across solvers and across problems. Our results suggest that SLS solvers need to be equipped with multiple pre-processors if they are ever to match the performance of systematic solvers on highly structured problems. [Part of this study was published at the AAAI-05 conference]. 2. We then look at potential approaches to bridging the gap between SAT and constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) formalisms. One approach has been to develop a many-valued SAT formalism (MV-SAT) as an intermediate paradigm between SAT and CSP, and then to translate existing highly efficient SAT solvers to the MV-SAT domain. In this study, we follow a different route, developing SAT solvers that can automatically recognise CSP structure hidden in SAT encodings. This allows us to look more closely at how constraint weighting can be implemented in the SAT and CSP domains. Our experimental results show that a SAT-based mechanism to handle weights, together with a CSP-based method to instantiate variables, is superior to other combinations of SAT and CSP-based approaches. In addition, SLS solvers based on this many-valued weighting approach outperform other existing approaches to handle many-valued CSP structures. [Part of this study was published at the AAAI-05 conference]. 3. Finally, we propose and evaluate six different schemes to encode temporal reasoning problems, in particular the Interval Algebra (IA) networks, into SAT CNF formulas. We then empirically examine the performance of local search as well as systematic solvers on the new temporal SAT representations, in comparison with solvers that operate on native IA representations. Our empirical results show that zChaff (a state-of-the-art complete SAT solver) together with the best IA-to-SAT encoding scheme, can solve temporal problems significantly faster than existing IA solvers working on the equivalent native IA networks. [Part of this study was published at the CP-05 workshop].
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Sawer, Hilary Catherine, and sawer hilary@edumail vic gov au. "'One Fundamental Value': Work for the Dole participants' views about mutual obligation." RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060926.093507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis contributes to the literature on the Howard Government's mutual obligation policy by investigating the perspectives of those who are subject to it: specifically, those required to undertake Work for the Dole. To date, research on participants' perspectives has been limited to a few predominantly quantitative studies, most of which have been commissioned or conducted by government departments. This study provides a more qualitative and independent perspective on participants' experiences and their views about their rights and obligations as unemployed people. It considers the extent to which these experiences and views are consistent with or conflict with the rationales for mutual obligation. The study included a survey of 87 participants in nine Melbourne and Geelong-based Work for the Dole projects conducted in 1999, eight focus groups conducted with 59 of these participants, and 37 in-depth interviews conducted with a new sample of Work for the Dole participants in 2002. Unemployed participants in the study had a strongly positive orientation towards work and many had substantial experience of employment. They viewed work as necessary to fulfil human capacities and needs, and often believed that they should work for their own well-being, as much as to contribute to society. Far from expressing any distinctive values of a 'dependency culture', participants appeared to share many of the work values of the wider community. However, many also had substantial experience of unemployment and faced significant barriers to gaining ongoing work. This thesis provides evidence that Work for the Dole provides short-term benefits for many such unemployed people: most study participants enjoyed taking part in the program and felt that they gained benefits from participating. They clearly endorsed some kind of work placement and skill development programs for the unemployed. Given the Howard Government's abolition of a range of previous programs of this type, Work for the Dole is now the only such program available for many participants and was often preferred to doing no program at all. However, more than four in ten survey participants did not enjoy doing the program overall, and a fifth actively disliked taking part. Further, the program's impact on employment prospects appeared to be either negligible or negative-which was not surprising given the scheme's focus on the unemployed discharging their 'obligations to the community' and 2 overcoming a 'psychology of dependency', rather than on job outcomes for participants. However, this thesis argues that there is very limited value in a program which provides benefits at the time of participation but does not help in achieving the main aim of the unemployed: gaining work. The study analyses the Howard Government's three central rationales for the mutual obligation policy: that it ensures that participants fulfil the requirements of the 'social contract' by requiring them to 'contribute to the community' (the contractualist claim), that it deters the unemployed from being 'too selective' about jobs (the 'job snob' claim), and that it benefits participants by developing their capacity for autonomy and self-reliance (the new paternalist claim). These three rationales are assessed in the light of participants' responses. With regard to the contractualist claim, the study finds that most participants shared the widespread community belief that only 'genuine' jobseekers deserve unemployment payments, but many did not share the community's support for the requirement to work for payments. While a third of survey participants supported this requirement, almost half opposed it. Most believed the government was not fulfilling its obligations to the unemployed to provide appropriate employment and training opportunities which were relevant to the jobs they were seeking. Many viewed the mutual obligation 'contract' as a one-way set of directives imposed on them and believed that the breaching regime which enforced these directives was unreasonably punitive and unfairly administered. With regard to the 'job snob' claim, study participants largely rejected an expectation that they should be required to accept any job, and most had substantial concerns about the specific form of the job search regime. They did not agree that 'any job is better than no job' and objected to the pressure under mutual obligation arrangements to apply for jobs which they considered inappropriate. They were not willing to be forced into jobs in which they feared they would be unhappy and which they were likely to soon leave; rather, they wanted assistance to help them to find sustainable work. Finally, with regard to the 'new paternalist' claim, many participants believed that compelling recipients to undertake certain activities or to apply for unsuitable jobs unreasonably restricted their freedom of choice, undermining rather than increasing their autonomy. As argued by Yeatman (2000b), recipients may benefit from a program, or from a case manager who assists 3 them to develop their capacities, but compulsion to undertake activities that are not related to individual needs and goals is likely to undermine capacity-building. The evidence of poor employment outcomes from Work for the Dole adds further weight to this view. The provision of a greater range of program types in place of Work for the Dole-including those which combine work with accredited training and those providing subsidised placement in mainstream jobs-would address many concerns held by participants in this study. However, compulsion to participate in a labour market program would remain problematic in a society which generates far fewer jobs than are needed for full employment. The thesis concludes that the mutual obligation principle privileges the obligations of the unemployed over their rights to autonomy and to work. Its associated requirements have further added to the already considerable constraints faced by unemployed people who are attempting to identify and meet their own work-related goals. Ironically, a policy which is portrayed by the Government as promoting active participation in society, in reality requires many payment recipients to passively obey government directives-instead of actively participating in shaping their own future.
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Fabian, Bobbi, and bobbi@bobbifabian com. "Road trip home." RMIT University. Creative Media, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.092848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The more we search outside of ourselves for answers, the less likely we are to be satisfied. Often, however, the external journey brings us closer to who we are as we experience the peaks and troughs of human existence. Ultimately, it is happiness that we seek. The idea and pursuit of happiness is a universal theme and I believe this search for happiness is also a search for home. Whether it is a physical or spiritual place, many of us search for that centre but the answer lies in the journey, not the destination. Using the road trip as the vehicle for this search, I set out across the USA to connect with others who were on the same journey. I photographed people (who had moved from their birthplace for reasons such as love and better opportunities), and landscapes that evoke both home and the journey. The road trip can be an escape from home but also a search for it and so the resulting project became two distinct sections that weave and overlap.
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de, Ruyter Adam, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Towards development of a quality cost model for automotive stamping." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060803.123754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current work used discrete event simulation techniques to model the economics of quality within an actual automotive stamping plant. Automotive stamping is a complex, capital intensive process requiring part-specific tooling and specialised machinery. Quality control and quality improvement is difficult in the stamping environment due to the general lack of process understanding and the large number to interacting variables. These factors have prevented the widespread use of statistical process control.
In this work, a model of the quality control techniques used at the Ford Geelong Stamping plant is developed and indirectly validated against results from production. To date, most discrete event models are of systems where the quality control process is clearly defined by the rules of statistical process control. However, the quality control technique used within the stamping plant is for the operator to perform a 100% visual inspection while unloading the finished panels. In the developed model, control is enacted after a cumulative count of defective items is observed, thereby approximating the operator who allows a number of defective panels to accumulate before resetting the line. Analysis of this model found that the cost sensitivity to inspection error is dependent upon the level of control and that the level of control determines line utilisation. Additional analysis of this model demonstrated that additional inspection processes would lead to more stable cost structures but these structures many not necessarily be lower cost.
The model was subsequently applied to investigate the economics of quality improvement. The quality problem of panel blemishes, induced by slivers (small metal fragments), was chosen as a case stuffy. Errors of 20-30% were observed during direct validation of the cost model and it was concluded that the use of discrete event simulation models for applications requiring high accuracy would not be possible unless the production system was of low complexity. However, the model could be used to evaluate the sensitivity of input factors and investigating the effects of a number of potential improvement opportunities.
Therefore, the research concluded that it is possible to use discrete event simulation to determine the quality economics of an actual stamping plant. However, limitations imposed by inability of the model to consider a number of external factors, such as continuous improvement, operator working conditions or wear and the lack of reliable quality data, result in low cost accuracy. Despite this, it still can be demonstrated that discrete event simulation has significant benefits over the alternate modelling methods.
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Siskova, Martina. "Essays on cities, urban form and emissions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669493.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En aquesta tesi estudiem com sorgeixen les emissions locals i mundials a les ciutats i quins elements són crítics per a això. Examen el paper de la forma urbana en aquestes emissions, a través de la infraestructura i l'ús del sòl, i del transport de passatgers i mercaderies i activitats econòmiques estacionàries que es desenvolupen dins de les fronteres de la ciutat. El capítol 2 revisa la literatura actual sobre la forma urbana en economia i geografia. Contrastem aquestes dues línies de literatura i ens fixem en l'aplicació del concepte de forma urbana en l'economia urbana i en la forma en què interactua amb la de les externalitats ambientals. S'elaboren i es discuteixen les polítiques, recomanacions i idees per a una investigació addicional. El capítol 3 explica la metodologia utilitzada per a la recollida de dades sobre l'ús i el transport del sòl a l'Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. Això serveix com a aportació empírica del capítol 4. El capítol 4 ofereix un model ambiciós i innovador d'emissions locals i mundials, basat en l'activitat econòmica comptable, els usos del sòl i el transport en una ciutat circular. Identifica la forma urbana amb un millor rendiment en termes d'un conjunt de criteris d'avaluació formals, així com una transició a llarg termini a aquesta de la forma actual. Això es fa per a diferents escenaris de combinacions de composició de flotes de vehicles i part de les energies renovables en electricitat. El model s'aplica a la ciutat de Barcelona. El capítol 5 analitza una enquesta realitzada a l'Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona per obtenir preferències dels consumidors sobre tipus de vehicles. Es va realitzar una regressió multinomial del logit per avaluar els atributs importants per triar entre els vehicles convencionals, híbrids i elèctrics en funció del preu i l'abast. Això produeix estimacions de la voluntat de pagar per un rang addicional de conducció, reducció d'emissions, reducció del temps de combustible o del cost del combustible. A més, es valora la presència d'incentius com aparcament gratuït, autopistes gratuïtes o accés gratuït a túnels. El capítol 6 analitza la relació entre objectius d'emissió relacionats amb el clima, poders d'alcaldia i atributs de ciutat combinant dades de la xarxa climàtica ciutats C40 amb altres dades. Es tracta de normalitzar els objectius d'emissió en una línia base inicial i realitzar anàlisis de correlació i múltiples regressions. Aquests resultats són encara previs i es poden millorar. Mostra un feble enllaç entre els poders d'alcaldia i els objectius d'emissions de ciutats. Un capítol final resumeix i conclou.En esta tesis estudiamos cómo emergen las emisiones locales y globales en las ciudades y qué elementos son críticos para esto. Examino el papel de la forma urbana en tales emisiones, a través de la infraestructura y el uso de la tierra, y el transporte asociado de pasajeros y carga y actividades económicas estacionarias, que tienen lugar dentro de las fronteras de la ciudad. El Capítulo 2 revisa la literatura actual sobre la forma urbana en economía y geografía. Contrastamos estas dos líneas de literatura y observamos la aplicación del concepto de forma urbana en la economía urbana, y cómo interactúa con el de las externalidades ambientales. Se elaboran y discuten políticas, recomendaciones e ideas para futuras investigaciones. El Capítulo 3 explica la metodología utilizada para la recopilación de datos sobre el uso del suelo y el transporte en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. Esto sirve como insumo empírico para el Capítulo 4. El Capítulo 4 ofrece un modelo ambicioso e innovador de emisiones locales y globales, basado en la actividad económica contable, los usos del suelo y el transporte en una ciudad circular. Identifica la forma urbana de mejor desempeño en términos de un conjunto de criterios formales de evaluación, así como una transición a largo plazo desde la forma actual. Esto se hace para distintos escenarios de combinaciones de composición de la flota de automóviles y cuotas de energía renovable en electricidad. El modelo se aplica a la ciudad de Barcelona. El Capítulo 5 analiza una encuesta implementada en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona para obtener las preferencias de los consumidores con respecto a los tipos de vehículos. Se realizó una regresión logit multinomial para evaluar los atributos importantes para elegir entre vehículos convencionales, híbridos y eléctricos como precio y rango. Esto produce estimaciones de la disposición a pagar por un rango de manejo adicional, reducción de emisiones, reducción en el tiempo de reabastecimiento o el costo del combustible. Además, se evalúa la presencia de incentivos como estacionamiento gratuito, autopistas gratuitas o acceso a túneles gratuitos. El Capítulo 6 analiza la relación entre los objetivos de emisión relacionados con el clima, los poderes de la alcaldía y los atributos de la ciudad mediante la combinación de datos de la red de ciudades-clima C40 con otros datos. Esto implica normalizar los objetivos de emisión en una línea base común y realizar análisis de correlación y regresión múltiple. Estos resultados aún son preliminares y pueden mejorarse. Muestran un vínculo débil entre los poderes de la alcaldía y los objetivos de emisión de la ciudad. Un capítulo final resume y concluye.
In this thesis we study how local and global emissions emerge in cities and which elements are critical to this. I examine the role of urban form on such emissions, through infrastructure and land use, and associated passenger and freight transport and stationary economic activities, which take place within city borders. Chapter 2 reviews the current literature on urban form in economics and geography. We contrast these two lines of literature and look at the application of the concept of urban form in urban economics, and how it interacts with that of environmental externalities. Policies, recommendations and ideas for further research are drawn and discussed. Chapter 3 explains the methodology used for the data collection on land use and transport in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. This serves as the empirical input for Chapter 4. Chapter 4 offers an ambitious, innovative model of local and global emissions, based on accounting economic activity, land uses and transport in a circular city. It identifies the best-performing urban form in terms of a set of formal evaluation criteria, as well as a long-term transition to it from the current form. This is done for distinct scenarios of combinations of car fleet composition and shares of renewable energy in electricity. The model is applied to the city of Barcelona. Chapter 5 analyses a survey implemented in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona to elicit consumer preferences concerning vehicle types. Multinomial logit regression was undertaken to assess important attributes for choosing among conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles are price and range. This produces estimates of the willingness to pay for an additional driving range, emission reduction, reduction in either refuel time or fuel cost. In addition, the presence of incentives such as free parking, toll-free highways or free tunnels access is assessed. Chapter 6 analyses the relationship between climate-related emission targets, mayoral powers and city attributes by combining data from the C40 cities-climate network with other data. This involves normalizing emission targets on a common baseline and performing correlation and multiple regression analyses. These results are still preliminary and can be improved. They show a weak link between mayoral powers and city emission targets. A final chapter summarizes and concludes.
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Farrow, Damian Thomas, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The effects of contextual interference on children learning forehand tennis groundstrokes." Deakin University, 1995. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060727.112040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research on contextual interference theory in controlled laboratory situations consistently illustrated that random practice was superior to blocked practice when learning motor skills. However, when considered in relation to physical education class settings the findings of the contextual interference experiments were not as uniform. Furthermore, the results of the contextual interference research were ambiguous when an open skill was used as the experimental task, with no definite trend evident. Random practice was found more effective for learning (del Rey, 1989) whereas French, Rink and Werner (1990) demonstrated blocked practice to be superior. In the present study, the influence of high and low contextual interference as practice schedules was investigated within an applied sports setting using an open sports skill as the experimental task. Two groups of boys and girls, 8-9 and 10-12 years of age, were taught a forehand tennis groundstroke using both their preferred and non-preferred hands over a ten week coaching and practice period. The findings showed that male subjects were significantly better at the experimental task than female subjects at the pre-test stage only. The result also demonstrated that the 10-12 year old subjects were significantly better than the 8-9 year olds at the task with the exception of the preferred hand at the post and retention test stage. The contextual interference effect was demonstrated in the retention phase on the preferred hand of the 10-12 year old subjects where the random practice group was significantly better than the blocked practice group in an applied sports setting. These findings were discussed in relation to the role of cognition in the learning of these motor skills and the influence of the subjects related background experiences.
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au, S. Wooltorton@ecu edu, and Sandra Joyce Wooltorton. "School-As-Community: Bridging the Gap to Sustainability." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040803.113536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this research I explore ways in which teachers and parents can enhance the sustainability agenda to bridge the gap towards sustainability through the creation of caring, democratic, just, ecologically regenerative schools-as-communities. I learned that we can only transform ourselves and not others, therefore to transform the model of experience of schooling and society, we need to transform ourselves, the whole community of the school, towards sustainability. This follows the work of Sterling (2001, 2002a and 2002b) which illustrates that education and society will need to change together in a mutually affirming way, since there is no linear cause-effect relationship.
This dissertation focuses on one aspect of the developing field of education for sustainability (EfS). I use radical ecology as the philosophy which supports the vision of community transformation towards sustainability (Orr 2002; Fien 2001; and Sterling 2001). I use the emancipatory research paradigm and detail a participatory epistemology fused with a holistic, constructivist notion of reality, to situate a participative approach which enables important interdisciplinary connections to be made. The research comprises ethnographic research and cooperative inquiry projects that were implemented at two small community schools, as well as reflective practice to develop personal and professional practices of sustainability. Contemporary work in the field of EfS has a cultural understanding of sustainability, which uses four pillars: the biophysical, the social-cultural, the economic and the political. The political pillar is the key organising principle for this research.
The research is significant because I develop and build upon Sterlings (2001) notion of transformative learning for sustainability. I show that participatory structures, procedures and processes are necessary, but not sufficient for a socially transformative school-as-community culture and that socio-ecologically contextualised knowing is transformative knowledge about community sustainability. For people to behave in cooperative ways, they need to develop a practical, reconnective knowledge of cooperation. Likewise, for people to behave in ecologically regenerative ways, they need to develop a practical, reconnective knowledge of ecological reconnection. The research methods of reflective practice and cooperative inquiry are discussed and evaluated as vehicles for transformation towards sustainability. The dissertation thereby assesses their effectiveness in enabling the development of practical knowledge about sustainability.
In Australia, over the last decade our federal government has shown little interest in fulfilling its own narrowly defined ecological sustainability policy commitments. In Western Australia, our government has recently launched a comprehensive State Sustainability Strategy however its major weakness is that it has afforded very low significance to education at a time when major international organisations such as UNESCO (2002b) see education as an integral part of sustainability and learning as a key to a sustainable future. Sadly, the State Sustainability Strategy does not recommend a reorientation of the education system towards sustainability, does not incorporate a socially critical view of education, and almost completely overlooks the role of learning in the social task of change towards sustainability. In Western Australia, we urgently need policies and political action for commitment through structural reorientation towards EfS. Even in the face of this, a multi-perspectival, inclusive approach to the development of civil society through devolved, locally-based decision making and action within a school community can facilitate the emergence of learning for sustainability in that community. Even within a context of contradiction, tension and paradox, it is possible for school communities to contribute to sustainability through reconnective transformative learning.
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Skoien, Petra, and n/a. "Identifying Opportunities for Education for Sustainability: Current Practices of Community-Based Environmental Groups." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070109.145756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Education for sustainability (EFS) is emerging as a key strategy for learning and action towards sustainability. Community-based environmental groups are potentially important providers of, and contexts for, educating adults for sustainability because they engage the community in activities such as public awareness raising, advocacy and lobbying, community education, and participatory learning (UNESCO, 2004, p. 25). These groups have been identified as key stakeholders of EFS in UNESCO's strategic plan for the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, from 2005-2014 (UNESCO, 2004). Despite this recognition, there are few models or precedents to guide groups or programs in developing and implementing EFS in their strategies or activities. Additionally, education commonly associated with community-based environmental groups has been rather narrowly conceived as public awareness raising and individual behaviour change, and disconnected from advocacy (Clover, 2002a; Whelan, pending). This thesis addressed this gap in understanding by investigating the dimensions of education and learning in two community-based environmental groups in South-East QueensIand. The aim of this research was to develop a framework to explain and understand the role of education and learning within and by community-based environmental groups. The research inquiry was motivated by an interpretive interest in uncovering the educative dimensions arising from group members' engagement in the activities of community-based environmental groups. This aim was addressed through an investigation of: (1) the community education initiatives of community-based environmental groups; and (2) the learning that occurs within these groups through participation in social action, Two community-based environmental groups that participated in this study were Smogbusters, an environmental advocacy group, which focused on air quality and transport issues in Brisbane; and the Pumicestone Region Catchment Coordination Association, (PRCCA) a community-based natural resource management group. Information was gathered through participant observation, interviews with group members and project staff, and the collection of relevant documents from both groups. A conceptual framework based on five convergent themes in the contemporary EFS literature was used to interpret and analyse the activities of these groups, These are: (1) participation; (2) critical thinking; (3) local relevance; (4) holistic, interdisciplinary and systemic approaches; and (5) values-driven approaches. The analysis of both groups' community education initiatives revealed the use of approaches that extend beyond pubhc awareness, didactic, and information-based approaches to strategies that engaged the community more actively than was possible with conventional approaches. This reflects a more sophisticated and considered approach that connects education with advocacy as an integral part of groups' strategy and practice. The two case studies illustrate the use of participatory learning and action that incorporates adult learning approaches to enhance participation and learning. These findings contribute to knowledge that can help bridge the gap between education and advocacy in the activities of community-based environmental groups (Clover, 2002a; Whelan, 2005). The findings strongly suggest that the two groups engaged a form of education and action that approaches the potential of EFS as envisaged in policy documents and vision statements. The groups provided opportunities for action learning through advocacy and lobbying for policy change, and through a range of activities associated with addressing issues of natural resource management. In Smogbusters, participation in advocacy and education contributed to building the capacity of individuals to engage in social action for sustainable transport and air quality. In the PRCCA, group members' participation in natural resource management related activities developed their skills, knowledge and capacity to advocate for sustainable natural resource management practices. These findings confirm that local participation in environmental action and decision making builds on the individual and collective experiences of participants. Participation in action empowered and enabled group members to engage in action and change. In particular, participants developed a strong sense of their capacity to enact change, and to engage in social action. The findings of this research suggest that community-based environmental groups are important places for adults to gain a stronger sense of personal and collective agency towards sustainability. Further, participation in these groups is an important mechanism for environmental change to be brought about through collective action (Apel & Camozzi, 1996). The research findings confirm that adult and popular education pedagogies can optimise learning in community-based environmental groups (Foley, 1999; Clover & Hall, 2000; Clover; 2002a; Follen & HaIl, 1998; Newman, 1995a). The framework may be able to assist project coordinators in developing and implementing community education strategies into their programs. Finally, the findings have implications for policy and program development in the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development.
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Stickells, Lee. "Form and reform : affective form and the garden suburb." University of Western Australia. School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis establishes the concept of affective form as a means of examining urban design – being the intersection of architecture, planning and landscape – in relation to techniques of governance. Affective form broadly describes a built environment where people are encouraged to amend, or govern, their actions according to particular socio–political ideas. Exploration of the concept’s application as a theoretical tool is undertaken here in order to generate a means of discussing the ethical function of urban design. The emergence of notions of affective form will be located in the eighteenth century, alongside the growing confidence in the ability for humankind to effect social and cultural progress. In a series of examples, stretching throughout the twentieth century, the implicit relation of planning, architectural and landscape form to social effect is discussed. The language, and design models, used to delineate affective form are described, alongside discussion of the level of intentionality apparent in the conceptions of urban form’s social effect. Critique through affective form allows an analysis that brings together the underlying utopian elements of projects – the traces of ideology and sociological theories – with an evaluation of the formal concepts projected. As the second area of investigation, the city of Perth in Western Australia provides a contextual focus for the examination of concepts of affective form. Through a series of appropriations of urban design models a suburban archetype emerged in Perth of a planned, homogenous field of low–rise, single–family, detached dwellings within a gardenesque landscape. The process of appropriation is described as a continuing negotiation between local expectations and the implicit conceptions of affective form within the imported models. Connecting the two primary concerns of the thesis, the ability of form to influence social change and the evolution of Perth’s garden suburb ideal, is the association of that developing garden suburb model with notions of affective form. The associations are outlined through three case studies. The first is an account of the planning of the City of Perth Endowment Lands Project during the 1920s. The second describes the planning and architecture of the athlete’s village built for the VIIIth British Empire and Commonwealth Games held in Perth in 1962. The third study details the development in the 1990s of Joondalup, a satellite city in the Perth metropolitan region. The account of Perth’s garden suburb ideal is intertwined with the consideration of the varying ways in which the conceptualization of affective form has been expressed. Each case study is contextualized by a preceding chapter that discusses the particular conceptions of affective form used in its examination. Thus the main body of the thesis comprises three parts – each associated with a case study, each containing two linked chapters
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Stickells, Lee. "Form and reform : affective form and the garden suburb /." Connect to this title, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0089.
Повний текст джерела
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Chen, Suzi Su-Hsin, and suzi chen@med monash edu au. "Cyclooxygenase Expression in Human Diabetes." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080206.121439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate limiting enzyme that catalyses the production of prostanoids, which are crucial to vascular homeostasis. Evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play a role in vascular complications in aging and diabetes. Previous animal studies by our laboratory at RMIT University reported enhanced COX expression with aging in rat aortas, platelets and monocytes. Potentially, alteration in COX expression may result in an imbalanced prostanoid production favoring the synthesis of vasoconstrictors and hence increase the risk of cardiovascular events in the aging population. The regulation of altered COX expression in aging, however, is not clear. It has been suggested that histone hyperacetylation may be an important mechanism that regulates COX levels during the aging process as increased histone acetylation has been shown to occur with aging. Thus, we hypothesized that COX expression is modulated by histone hyperacetylati on. This was investigated by measuring COX expression in histone hyperacetylated cultured endothelial cells. In the case of diabetes, studies have reported that the development of diabetes and its complications is associated with persistent inflammatory activity, evident with increased inflammatory markers in the circulation. COX-mediated pathways may be involved in this inflammatory process in diabetes. Furthermore, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is accelerated in diabetes. AGEs can bind to receptors for AGEs (RAGE), which has also been suggested to play a role in inflammation in diabetes. We hypothesized that COX- and RAGE-mediated pathways contribute to increased inflammation in diabetes and potentiate the development of diabetic vascular complications. This was investigated by measuring changes in COX-mediated pathways in both rat and human diabetic models. The current thesis reports: 1) in cultured endothelial cells, histone hyperacetylation was associated with increased COX expression; 2) an overall increase in inflammation was observed in diabetes involving COX- and RAGE-mediated pathways. This was supported by increased platelet COX-1 and monocyte COX-2 levels in Zucker rats, increased monocyte COX-2 in human Type 1 diabetes and elevated plasma TXB2 and PGE2 levels in both human Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic subjects. Up-regulation of RAGE expression was further found in platelets and monocytes in both human diabetes types. When treated with NSAIDs, plasma prostanoid levels, COX and RAGE expression were reduced significantly in both platelets and monocytes in human diabetic subjects. 3) It is unclear how COX and RAGE expression was regulated, but histone modifications may be one of the mechanisms. Data from cultured cells indicated that increased COX expression was associated with increased histone acetylation levels induced by TSA. Concurrent increases in histone acetylation and COX-2 levels were also observed in human Type 1 diabetes, but similar findings were not observed in human Type 2 diabetes. In addition, we failed to find an age-dependent increase in monocyte histone H4 acetylation in human Type 2 diabetes despite an age-dependent increase in monocyte COX-2 expression. Thus, whether histone hyperacetylation modulates COX expression and in what conditions require further investigation.
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Kenworthy, J. R. "Driving cycles, urban form and transport energy /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1986. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051103.145933.
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Bryant, Helen, and helenbryant@bigpond com au. "Where are the boundaries in supporting people with disabilities?" RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100218.095201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In home support is now being provided to not only people with disabilities but also to those who are ageing or have a psychological impairment. It is preferred by both government and support recipients as a viable alternative to the more costly and disruptive institutional support. This study looks at the various parties that are involved in managing the boundaries when providing support in unconventional workplaces; workplaces that are also homes; homes that are controlled and managed by the person receiving the support, not the person supervising the worker. The distance the home is from the organisation, the place from which the employee is supervised becomes a physical boundary. Boundaries are also psychological; a home is a space that forms a safe refuge from the world, a home is comforting and secure; a space that contains precious possessions. The workers are working within someone's intimate space. This creates difficulties for both the workers and their supervisors. The study takes a psychodynamic approach. What is happening at an unconscious level influences the behaviour of the various parties and can change and distort the desired outcomes for the client. The material for the study was gathered from interviews, Murray's Thematic Apperception Techniques (TAT) (Teglasi 2001) style exercises and drawings from eight clients, five coordinators and five support workers. Two workplaces were observed and seven case studies collected. A survey of 389 support workers was conducted and analysed. The results highlight the preoccupation of organisations and through them service coordinators, with controlling risk in the workplace. This puts them at odds with clients who feel they have control over their own homes. Both clients and coordinators vigorously defend what they see as their territory. The coordinators are left feeling envious of the support workers who have a close relationship with their clients, a relationship about which, they as former support workers have personal knowledge. The support worker's role is to support. They are only able to do this by defending and smothering their own emotional responses through a veil of niceness. They are unable to express many of their own feelings, which might not only be regarded as shameful but also condemned by their employer. Most staff, both support workers and coordinators lack the skills to manage and understand their own emotional responses. Although there is no easy answer to the dilemma raised within this context. I hope by identifying what is happening organisations might be able to at least understand the origins of individual carers', clients' and coordinators' behaviours and take steps to provide a safe container in which these feelings can be explored and discussed. The in-home care industry has difficulty in recruiting and retaining staff. Organisations therefore need to invest in supporting staff who work in these situations.
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Fischer, Thomas, and sdtom@polyu edu hk. "Designing (tools (for designing (tools for ...))))." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080424.160537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Outcomes of innovative designing are frequently described as enabling us in achieving more desirable futures. How can we design and innovate so as to enable future processes of design and innovation? To investigate this question, this thesis probes the conditions, possibilities and limitations of toolmaking for novelty and knowledge generation, or in other words, it examines designing for designing. The focus of this thesis is on the development of digital design tools that support the reconciliation of conflicting criteria centred on architectural geometry. Of particular interest are the roles of methodological approaches and of biological analogies as guides in toolmaking for design, as well as the possibility of generalising design tools beyond the contexts from which they originate. The presented investigation consists of an applied toolmaking study and a subsequent reflective analysis using second- order cybernetics as a theoretical framework. Observations made during the toolmaking study suggest that biological analogies can, in informal ways, inspire designing, including the designing of design tools. Design tools seem to enable the generation of novelty and knowledge beyond the contexts in and for which they are developed only if their users apply them in ways unanticipated by the toolmaker. Abstract The reflective analysis offers theoretical explanations for these observations based on aspects of second-order cybernetics. These aspects include the modelling of designing as a conversation, different relationships between observers (such as designers) and systems (such as designers engaged in their projects), the distinction between coded and uncoded knowledge, as well as processes underlying the production and the restriction of meaning. Initially aimed at the development of generally applicable, prescriptive digital tools for designing, the presented work results in a personal descriptive model of novelty and knowledge generation in science and design. This shift indicates a perspective change from a positivist to a relativist outlook on designing, which was accomplished over the course of the study. Investigating theory and practice of designing and of science, this study establishes an epistemological model of designing that accommodates and extends a number of theoretical concepts others have previously proposed. According to this model, both design and science generate and encode new knowledge through conversational processes, in which open-minded perception appears to be of greater innovative power than efforts to exercise control. The presented work substantiates and exemplifies radical constructivist theory of knowledge and novelty production, establishes correspondences between systems theory and design research theory and implies that mainstream scientific theories and practices are insufficient to account for and to guide innovation. Keywords (separated by commas) Digital design tools, geometry rationalisation, second-order cybernetics, knowledge generation
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Warrick, Rona Lee, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Women's bodies, self-perception and physical acitivity: A naturalistic study of women's participation in aerobics classes." Deakin University. School of Education, 1988. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050809.135244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to describe the behaviour and perceptions of women in aerobic or exercise to music classes. In particular, the study examined the meaning women attach to this activity choice and the interaction of aerobics participation with cultural pressures and beliefs such as that of the ideal female bodyshape. A naturalistic method of study was chosen in order to gain a comprehensive view of the subjective experience of aerobics participation. Approximately fifty female health club members were observed over a three month period in order to identify and describe patterns of involvement, behaviour and perception and the factors affecting them. Six groups of women were identified. These were Naturals, Compulsive, Functional Feminist. Several factors were observed as potentially contributing to the patterns observed. These included attitude toward perceived cultural ideals and pressures of female expectation and shape, perceptions of aerobics and exercise, pre-occupation with slenderness and bodyshape, self-image and body image. The relationship between these factors was found to be dynamic and reciprocal, with participation possibly intensifying or alternately reducing bodyshape concern. Aerobics was seen to have a multifaceted yet very individual and important appeal to the women observed.
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Saxon, Leanne, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The role of exercise in the development of bone strength during growth." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.095337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exercise during growth may increase peak bone mass; if the benefits are maintained it may reduce the risk of fracture later in life (1). It is hypothesised that exercise will preferentially enhance bone formation on the surface of cortical bone that is undergoing bone modeling at the time (2). Therefore, exercise may increase bone mass accrual on the outer periosteal surface during the pre- and peri-pubertal years, and on the inner endocortical surface during puberty (3). An increase in bone formation on the periosteal surface is, however, more effective for increasing bone strength than medullary contraction (4).
While exercise may have a role in osteoporosis prevention, there is little evidential basis to support this notion. It is generally accepted that weight-bearing exercise is important, but it is not known how much, how often, what magnitude or how long children need to exercise before a clinically important increase in bone density is obtained.
In this thesis, the effect of exercise on the growing skeleton is investigated in two projects. The first quantifies the magnitude and number of loads associated with and in a moderate and low impact exercise program and non-structured play. The second project examines how exercise affects bone size and shape during different stages of growth.
Study One: The Assessment of the Magnitude of Exercise Loading and the Skeletal Response in Girls
Questions: 1) Does moderate impact exercise lead to a greater increase in BMC than low impact exercise? 2) Does loading history influence the osteogenic response to moderate impact exercise? 3) What is the magnitude and number of loads that are associated with a moderate and low impact exercise program?
Methods: Sixty-eight pre-and early-pubertal girls (aged 8.9±0.2 years) were randomised to either a moderate or low impact exercise regime for 8.5-months. In each exercise
group the girls received either calcium fortified (-2000 mg/week) or non-fortified foods for the duration of the study. The magnitude and number of loads associated with the exercise programs and non-structured play were assessed using a Pedar in-sole mobile system and video footage, respectively.
Findings: After adjusting for baseline BMC, change in length and calcium intake, the girls in the moderate exercise intervention showed greater increases in BMC at the tibia (2.7%) and total body (1.3%) (p ≤0.05). Girl's who participated in moderate impact sports outside of school, showed greater gains in BMC in response to the moderate impact exercise program compared to the low impact exercise program (2.5 to 4.5%, p ≤0.06 to 0.01). The moderate exercise program included -400 impacts per class, that were applied in a dynamic manner and the magnitude of impact was up to 4 times body weight.
Conclusion: Moderate-impact exercise may be sufficient to enhance BMC accrual during the pre-pubertal years. However, loading history is likely to influence the osteogenic response to additional moderate impact exercise. These findings contribute towards the development of school-based exercise programs aimed at improving bone health of children.
Study Two: Exercise Effect on Cortical Bone Morphology During Different Stages of Maturation in Tennis Players
Questions: 1) How does exercise affect bone mass (BMC) bone geometry and bone strength during different stages of growth? 2) Is there an optimal stage during growth when exercise has the greatest affect on bone strength?
Methods: MRI was used to measure average total bone, cortical and medullary areas at the mid- and distal-regions of the playing and non-playing humerii in 47 pre-, peri- and post-pubertal competitive female tennis players aged 8 to 17 years. To assess bone rigidity, each image was imported into Scion Image 4.0.2 and the maximum, minimum
and polar second moments of area were calculated using a custom macro. DXA was used to measure BMC of the whole humerus. Longitudinal data was collected on 37 of the original cohort.
Findings: Analysis of the entire cohort showed that exercise was associated with increased BMC and cortical area (8 to 14%), and bone rigidity (11 to 23%) (all p ≤0.05). The increase in cortical bone area was associated with periosteal expansion in the pre-pubertal years and endocortical contraction in the post-pubertal years (p ≤0.05). The exercise-related gains in bone mass that were accrued at the periosteum during the pre-pubertal years, did not increase with advanced maturation and/or additional training.
Conclusion: Exercise increased cortical BMC by enhancing bone formation on the periosteal surface during the pre-pubertal years and on the endocortical surface in the post-pubertal years. However, bone strength only increased in response to bone acquisition on the periosteal surface. Therefore the pre-pubertal years appear to be the most opportune time for exercise to enhance BMC accrual and bone strength
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Howard, Barbara Michelle. "Self-concept and attraction to physical activity the effectiveness of an intervention programme to enhance children's level of physical activity /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0032.html.
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Larsen, Juliane Cristina. "A forma sonata em três obras inaugurais: diálogos da nova música de Berg, Schoenberg e Santoro com a tradição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-10112010-161239/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho irá discutir o emprego da forma sonata na música atonal da primeira metade do século XX a partir das análises das seguintes sonatas para piano: Opus No. 1 de Alban Berg, Opus 33a de Arnold Schoenberg e a Sonata 1942 de Cláudio Santoro. Em comum estas obras apresentam seu plano estrutural de forma sonata resultante de procedimentos composicionais desligados do sistema de funcionalidades do tonalismo. O objetivo será verificar como a forma sonata pode ser estruturada a partir de técnicas dodecafônicas, qual a relevância do uso desta forma clássica para a técnica empregada e através de quais procedimentos construtivos esta forma se faz possível dentro de uma linguagem atonal, já que se origina da realização da harmonia tonal tradicional. A pesquisa fundamenta-se em ferramentas analíticas e em corpo teórico desenvolvido na área musicológica nas últimas décadas, principalmente. Como conclusão irá apresentar os elementos composicionais e conceituais que conectam as obras entre si e com a tradição clássica da forma sonata, além de apontar para a ocorrência de técnicas composicionais importantes para o desenvolvimento da música a partir da primeira metade do século XX.This thesis studies the use of Sonata form in the atonal music of the first half of the XXth Century, based in the analysis of the following Piano Sonatas: Alban Bergs Opus 1, Arnold Schoenbergs Op.33a e Claudio Santoros Sonata 1942. These works share procedures of developing structural plans similar to Sonata forms that use compositional procedures disconnected from the functions of the tonal system. Our main purpose will be to verify how a Sonata may be structured after dodecaphonic techniques. Other goals is to evaluate the relevance of the use of a classical form for the method of the dodecaphonic technique, and what are the developing procedures that allow this form to be employed in the atonal language, since it originated in close connection with the traditional tonal harmony. The research is based in analytical techniques and in the body of knowledge developed by recent musicological analysis. As a conclusion it presents the compositional and conceptual elements that connect the three works and also each of them with the classical tradition of the Sonata form. Besides that it points also to the use of compositional techniques important for the development of the musical language after the first half of the XXth Century.
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au, k. lewins@murdoch edu, and Kate Lewins. "The Trade Practices Act (Cth) 1974 and its Impact on Maritime Law in Australia." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081223.135713.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The trade of shipping is necessarily international in nature. Courts and international bodies often
express the need to ensure international consistency in matters of maritime law. However, it has
been an extremely difficult goal to achieve. Many countries have refused to be party to international
conventions that seek to ensure comity. Some have enacted laws that reflect part but not all of those
conventions, or seek to improve the protection offered by the conventions. The domestic law of each
country also adds its own flavour to shipping law as recognised and applied by the courts in that
jurisdiction.
In 1974 Australia enacted the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA), heralding a new era in
corporate and commercial law. However, its impact on maritime law on Australia has only been felt
over the last 10 15 years. It is potentially relevant to many areas of maritime law, including
carriage of goods by sea, cruise ships, and towage. This thesis explores the encroachment of the
TPA on a number of different areas of shipping law, using the few case examples on offer and
extrapolating the impact that the TPA may have. It also considers the extent to which the TPA is
stymied by simple contractual agreements to litigate or arbitrate in a non Australian forum, despite
the TPAs status as a mandatory statute within Australia.
Raised at various points in the thesis is the possibility of law reform, which is a complex compendium
of issues overlaid with a moral dimension does shipping, as an industry, deserve to be exempted
from the operation of the Act which sets a high standard of corporate behaviour? If so, how could
that reform be shaped? In the meantime, what steps can the shipping industry take to work within
the legal framework of the TPA?