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Дисертації з теми "Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (1919-2001) – Morale"
Deng, Yunyan. "The Moral Philosophy of Elizabeth Anscombe : Virtue, Action, Language." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH024.
Повний текст джерелаElizabeth Anscombe, one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th Century, has worked on many topics in philosophy. The purpose of this work is to study her moral philosophy, especially how it relates to her work on other topics. This work starts with the three theses presented in her paper “Modern Moral Philosophy”, her most well-known paper in moral philosophy, first presenting that Anscombe's discussion of moral philosophy involves action theory, philosophy of language, virtue ethics, and so on, and suggesting that her moral philosophy should be studied in the historical context in which she writes. After introducing Truman's case, the consequentialism prevalent among her contemporaries, and her friends during her studies and work at Oxford (Chapter 1), I discuss how Anscombe's writings on Aristotelian virtue ethics (Chapter 2), action theory (Chapter 3), and philosophy of language (Chapter 4) shaped her moral philosophy from different perspectives. Then, I examine the role of “Modern Moral Philosophy” as a contemporary revival of virtue ethics, in order to show that neither Anscombe nor her followers have taken Aristotle exclusively as the resource for their ethics, and that only ethicists who devote themselves to explaining how intentional actions are linked to thoughts about good and bad have truly inherited Anscombe's ideas. At last, I conclude that Anscombe's work on moral philosophy does not form a system, but it represents a female perspective of doing philosophy (Chapter 5)
Lagrut, Blandine. "Le réalisme moral d'Elizabeth Anscombe : une philosophie de l'intégrité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0107.
Повний текст джерелаFor Elizabeth Anscombe, every effort at goodness is also a quest for truth. Moral vigilance takes the form of a Daimôn reminding each person of the task of examining their life: ‘Perhaps in some way, I can’t see, I may be on a bad path, perhaps I am hopelessly wrong in some essential way*.’ This thesis argues that Anscombe is developing an original type of moral realism centred on the notion of integrity and polarised by one question: how does a person come to grasp, as rigorously as possible, the meaning and gravity of their actions? According to her, three conditions are necessary in order to correctly assess the weight of our actions – they provide the blueprint for our work: we need to know what we are actually doing, we need to have some idea of the necessities of our human nature and, finally, we need to recognise the infinite value of this nature.To know what they are doing, the person must be able to identify the criteria for ‘what counts as a relevant description of an action’. This is precisely what Anscombe sets out to do in her study of intention. She shows that it is possible to isolate types of action which we know that, if we do them intentionally, we are in the wrong. The category of "intrinsically unjust act" becomes available again, providing the starting point for a realist moral epistemology.The person also needs to justify their assessments by basing them on a thorough understanding of the human being. Here again, Anscombe makes a major shift by restoring consistency to the concept of human nature. She relies on the idea that we learn something about the kind of being that humans are by unfolding the logical form of their linguistic practices. Her meta-ethics revolves around an often-unnoticed axis, combining Aristotle’s naturalism and Wittgenstein’s logical grammar.Finally, an action will only be true on a moral level if it manifests the “mystical” value of human nature. Bringing this aspect to light is the most innovative contribution of this thesis. An in-depth study of the ethico-religious texts reveals the core of her metaphysical anthropology: humans are not only rational animals, but also spiritual beings, endowed with a dignity that we can know through “connaturality” or “mystical perception”.By exploring the various facets of Anscombean moral realism, we can ultimately clarify its role in the contemporary ethical debate on absolutism. Are certain acts to be rejected absolutely, whatever the cost to the well-being of the person or the consequent situation? For Anscombe, the answer is yes. But this cannot be done either at the expense of personal discernment or at the cost of alienation. Her way of conceiving the human makes it possible to resolve the tension by establishing that the prohibition does not need to be decreed by an external authority to be absolute. It can be imposed internally on the agent, as compelling evidence, due to their spiritual nature.*G. E. M. Anscombe, ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ in Ethics, Religion and Politics, Collected Philosophical Pa-pers III, Oxford, Blackwell, 1981, p. 37.Keywords: moral realism, integrity, absolutism, philosophy of action, moral epistemology, meta-ethics, naturalism, logical grammar, mystical perception, connaturality, metaphysical anthropology, spiritual nature
Goldstein, Pierre. "La question de la moralité dans l'éthique néo-aristotélicienne depuis G.E.M. Anscombe." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2038/document.
Повний текст джерелаDoes neo-Aristotelian ethics, which was developed according to the programme by G.E.M. Anscombe in 1958, exclude the notion of morality? Anscombe challenged the relevance of the concept of ‘moral duty’. Does this imply that, to follow her programme, one must give up any distinction between ‘moral’ and ‘non-moral’? The defence of moral absolutism motivated Anscombe's ‘intention’ analyses. Critics of legalism, consequentialism or the subjectivism that was conducted in the wake of ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ by the main representatives of neo-Aristotelian ethics—Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre, Rosalind Hursthouse and Martha C. Nussbaum—have responded to the same type of concern. The neo-Aristotelians, despite their disagreement on many points, seek to set the idea of a homogeneous practical rationality against modern conceptions of moral rationality; however, it is to show that rationality is intrinsically linked to virtue. In the same spirit, they set a non-reductionist naturalism against the anti-naturalist British ethics of the 20th century. Under these different aspects, their reflection benefits from a return to the original inspiration of Anscombe’s ‘psychology’ method. This return is also what allows some of them to lay the foundations for an ethical theory based on notions of virtue and happiness regardless of whether it claims to belong to ‘virtue ethics’ or not. Through its definition of ‘human action’, this ethical theory—which proposes to reconnect with certain characteristics of ancient ethics—implies, however, a demanding and original definition of morality
Gallardo, Gómez Andrés. "Lenguaje, acción y virtud en G.E.M. Anscombe." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170390.
Повний текст джерелаEsta tesis tiene por objeto contribuir a una interpretación de la obra de la filósofa inglesa G.E.M. Anscombe. Propondremos tres ideas-claves para sostener que hay una filosofía unitaria tras sus diversos y variados trabajos, a pesar de las dificultades señaladas por varios interpretes. La unidad de la filosofía de Anscombe está, en nuestra opinión, en una intención ética, una unidad metafísica, una unidad epistemológica y una concep-ción de la racionalidad que se sigue de ésta. Su intención ética es mostrar que la filoso-fía moderna no puede establecer que lo injusto es malo y esto hace que ella sea llevada a conclusiones desastrosas. Los problemas filosóficos son enfrentados desde una perspectiva próxima de la de Wittgenstein, en la que se pone atención al lenguaje, esta filosofía fundamental, aunque no fundacional, la llamaremos “metafísica”. Mostraremos como esta manera de tratar los problemas es una constante en toda la obra y que, además, tiene una conexión esencial con la manera de tratar los problemas filosóficos. Al aplicar este método al análisis de la acción aparecerá la especificidad del conoci-miento práctico como modo propio del ser humano en tanto que agente racional. Las excelencias de las capacidades psicológicas o antropológicas de este agente racional, es decir, sus “virtudes”, estarán en la base de la filosofía moral.
Aucouturier, Valérie. ""En termes de langage" : l'articulation entre intention , action et langage dans l'oeuvre de G.E.M. Anscombe." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010669.
Повний текст джерелаPavlopoulos, Marc. "L'intentionnalité pratique entre causes et raisons." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0017.
Повний текст джерелаWhat is an intentional action? How do intentionality, rationality and having a reason to act relate? The debate between reasons and causes is badly put: the real question is not whether the relationship between intention and action is causal or not, but whether what makes an action intentional is a natural fact, or a form of description (Anscombe). Acting intentionally does require possession of the description under which the action is intentional, so intentional action is best approached by reasons. Having an intention is not willing: the intention is not the start of action, but a first-personal action-thought or -'practical knowledge. " The antinomy between reasons and causes really stems from the asymmetry of psychological verbs (Wittgenstein). For action verbs too are psychological verbs, even though they relate to happenings that take place outside our bodies. Causal explanations of action are typically third-personal, whereas reasons are always first-personal. Confusions between theses two standpoints lead to tremendous errors on the nature of practical rationality. The distinction between reasons and causes really becomes insightful when applied to moral psychology: it sheds light on the question of reason and motivation. Practical reasoning leads to action, and therefore motivates; but it is also defeasible (or non-monotonic). If reasons for action never are complete, why act on them? Various forms of skepticism are envisioned. I conclude that practical reasoning is a genuine form of inference, but a material, not a formaI one, in which will and intelligence melt (Aristotle). I finally advocate an expressivist account of practical reasoning
Giannopoulou, Archontoula. "Les limites de l'idéalisme linguistique : pour une élucidation du concept de vérité." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0134.
Повний текст джерелаLinguistic idealism teaches us that the sense-conditions of our judgments have been fixed by us and that there is nothing to search for beyond these conditions. One is bound to ask why this postulate can hardly be applied to the practical domain, where we are merely absolutely certain of the meaning we give to our judgments. Why are we in need of new determinations of meaning when we are confronted with practical questions? The phenomenon of under determinacy of meaning seems to raise doubts about the extent of our judgment capacity (or, if we prefer, about the ordinary employment of the concept of truth). I will attempt to show that, for the linguistic idealist, cognitive undertemination is a skeptical problem belonging to the domain of logical (or theoretical) necessity. This will be shown through two different philosophical conceptions of language: Dummen 's theory of assertion, as well as Habermas's and Apel's philosophy of communication. Now underdeterminacy of meaning is an anthropological problem -and in a certain sense a practical problem -that relates to the domain of practical necessity. The philosopher is called upon to defend the practice of judgment against real doubts triggered by the human condition of being in need. Ln this thesis I will present Wittgenstein's anthropological philosophy, Anscombe's philosophy of action, Peirce's theory of inquiry and Wiggins's philosophy of needs as paradigms of thought that succeed in going beyond linguistic idealism so as to reach a realism qualified by practical criteria. My point is to show how the thought of these four philosophers illuminates the richness of the ordinary conception of truth and thus contributes to an elucidation of the concept of truth
Costa, Pedro Miguel Ferrão da. "Anscombe under a description." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26346.
Повний текст джерелаElizabeth Anscombe’s talents as a philosopher are universally recognised in what regards her works in such areas as metaphysics and the philosophy of action. When we come, however, to what she wrote on ethics this ceases to be true. Though her 1958 essay “Modern Moral Philosophy” had a significant influence on the moral philosophy of its time, being in fact credited with having promoted a renewed interest in the study of virtues, her essays on practical issues were almost forgot. When mentioned at all, they are condemned and dismissed as preaching. I shall argue that the fact that Anscombe was a Roman Catholic does not influence in any essential respect her ethics: her strengths as a philosopher are as much open to view in this area as in any other. In order to prove this I will draw on “Modern Moral Philosophy”, Intention and her applied ethics. Once we understand the point of the first and see the light the second sheds on such concepts as ‘intention’ and ‘voluntariness’ we will be able to appreciate the depth and importance of what she has to say on such things as abortion, euthanasia or theft.
Частини книг з теми "Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (1919-2001) – Morale"
Teichman, Jenny. "Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe 1919–2001." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 115 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, I. British Academy, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0002.
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