Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Anoxie – Berre, Étang de (Bouches-du-Rhône)"
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Дисертації з теми "Anoxie – Berre, Étang de (Bouches-du-Rhône)":
Rigaud, Sylvain. "Dynamique et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sédiments de l'étang de Berre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30054.
The industrialization of the Berre lagoon in the 20th century was accompanied by large releases trace metals, which were partially accumulated in sediments and are now likely to be remobilized to the water column or be integrated into the food chain and cause an ecotoxicological risk.The reconstruction of the temporal and spatial trends of sediment contamination shows that current levels of contamination of surface sediments have been the lowest for decades in agreement with the effectiveness of regulations on industrial releases set up in the years 1970. These levels are low to moderate in surface but very high contamination exist a few centimeters below the sediment surface.The role of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides and sulfides in controlling the mobility of ETM in the sediment and fluxes at the water/sediment interface has been demonstrated through the modeling of transport and reactions of chemical compounds and trace metals in the pore waters, their concentration profiles in the reactive fraction of the particulate phase and experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. The oxygenation of the water column is the main parameter influencing the mobility and fluxes and the influence of reoxygenation of bottom water column in the Grand Etang is discussed.Finally, the bioavailability of trace metals and adverse effects they may constitute for a target benthic organism, the polychaete Nereis succinea, were evaluated by estimating the potentially bioavailable fraction in sediments (chemical extractions and Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films), by measuring bioaccumulated concentrations and by the use of biomarkers (metallothioneins and genotoxicity assays). Some highly bioaccumulated trace metals pose a potential risk and might be involved in the degradation of the benthic macrofauna
Regis, Julie. "Impact des hypoxies sur la mobilité des nutriments et ETMM présents dans les sédiments des lagunes méditerranéennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0002.
Studies carried out in recent years have shown that oxygen concentration in the water column is the main factor controlling all biogeochemical reactions in surface sediment, as well as controlling transfers of nutrients, trace elements (TE) at the sediment water interface (SWI). Three lagoons on France’s Mediterranean coast (Berre, Thau and Prévost) are among the world’s most eutrophied coastal zones impacted by hypoxia episodes, with high accumulations of nutrients, metals and metalloids in their sediment. They are also characterized by different benthic habitats, some of which include macrophytes, which have been shown to regulate nutrient flux at IES. This thesis project aims to better understand the impact of deoxygenation phenomena on the mobility of nutrients and TE present in Mediterranean lagoon sediment, in the presence of different benthic habitats representing their eutrophication gradient. The results show that the Berre lagoon is the site most impacted by long-lasting (1 week) and seasonal episodes of deoxygenation; the Prévost lagoon exhibits wide nycthemeral variations, going from hypoxia to hyperoxia in less than 12 h during the summer season; the Thau lagoon site seems the most resilient about deoxygenation. Under summer conditions, sediment and porewater concentrationprofiles show enrichments in nutrients and sulfides in the substrates of benthic habitats in lagoons with the most advanced eutrophication status (Berre and Prévost), and also in the presence of macroalgae (Prévost and Thau). These enrichments are the result of strong organic matter mineralization, and the more reducing conditions in these habitats binding the TE (As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Hgtot) to the solid phase of the sediment. Comparison with available environmental thresholds enables us to identify habitats in the Berre lagoon that are highly at risk in terms of eutrophication support, remobilization of TE at SWI and ecotoxicological risk. The acquisition of dissolved oxygen concentration gradients within the benthic boundary layer (BBL) at high temporal resolution has enabled us to identify the high oxygen demand of sediment in the Berre lagoon and the nighttime deoxygenations resulting from the presence of opportunistic macroalgae in the Prévost lagoon. The punctual acquisition of concentration gradients illustrates nutrient exports from the sediment to the water column that are more intense under anoxic and euxinic conditions, and exports ofMn, Fe, As, Co under hypoxic conditions. However, concentration gradients under euxinic conditions indicate the trapping of TE (Mn, Fe, Cu,Mo) with the sulfide phases of the sediment. In addition, in situ and ex situ incubation experiments under "forced" deoxygenation conditions for the various benthic habitats present at these three sites yielded SWI fluxes that also followed this trend. Nutrient fluxes were shown to intensify following deoxygenation in eutrophied bare sediment habitats affected by deoxygenation (Berre) and specifically in habitats containing opportunistic (Prévost) and perennial (Thau) macroalgae. For these same habitats, the most intense exports of TE (Mn, Fe, As, Co, V , Mo) were measured under hypoxic and anoxic conditions, while fluxes decreased or reversed under euxinic conditions. This comparative and experimental field approach brings an integrative biogeochemical perspective on the chemical quality of sediment in lagoon environments undergoing re-oligotrophication. It provides a context for their great temporal variability, as well as their vulnerability to climate change
Keller-Pellegrino, Monique. "Le méiobenthos en milieux perturbés : zone d'épandage de l'égoût de Marseille et étang de Berre." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22064.
Fiandino, Mirabelle. "Apports de matières en suspension par les fleuves côtiers à l'étang de Berre (Bouches-du-Rhône, France) : Quantification des flux, identification des zones sources, étude des relations avec les conditions hydrologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10035.
Lecoanet, Hélène. "Retombées métalliques sur les sols de la région Fos-Berre (Sud de la France) : Approche magnétique et géochimique appliquée à la discrimination des sources dé́mission." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30061.
The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between magnetic particles and chemical elements for the Fos - Berre region (southern France) in order to valid an indirect approach for heavy metal contamination. The investigated zones are the Sollac-Fos steelworks, the Lafarge-Fos cement factory, and the Crau plain. Magnetic and chemical measurements were performed on various samples (aerosols, soils, water, and steel dusts). Pb and Sr isotope analyses as well as EXAFS spectroscopy were carried out in order to determine the source signature and the mineral phase carrying the heavy metals. The impact of the different emission sources on the magnetic and chemical characteristics of soils is demonstrated. For atmospheric fallout, the relalionships between magnetic parameters and heavy metals could be explained by the presence of non-totally crystallised melallic oxides and/or hydroxides. Zinc silicates are identified as well. .
Gouze, Emma. "Bilan de matière de l'étang de Berre : influence des apports des tributaires et des processus de régénération dans le maintien de l'eutrophisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22107.
The brackish Berre Lagoon is one of the largest Mediterranean coastal lagoons (155 km²). It has been influenced by a large freshwater and nutrients discharges from a hydroelectric power plant (since 1966) and anthropised rivers, which have led to strong changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning. Total annual primary production was 507 gC. M-2. Yr-1 and 742 gC. M-2. Yr-1 in 2005 and 2006 respectively. This production was respectively based on the annual assimilation of 15 000 and 24 000 tons of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Inputs from rivers and powerplant sustained 3% to 5% of this demand. Pelagic regeneration processes were very active and sustained at least 60% of the ammonium uptake. Eutrophication in the Berre Lagoon is due to a combination of three phenomena: 1/ large nutrients inputs, 2/ nutrients storage in the lagoon and increasing nutrients pools (because of longer time residence) and 3/ dynamic regeneration processes
Vitali, Delphine. "La question de la transversalité dans la gestion des hydrosystèmes fluviaux. Analyse des bassins versants de l'Etang de Berre et de l'Ouvèze." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10105.
Paquier, Anne-Éléonore. "Interactions de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire avec les herbiers de phanérogames, Étang de Berre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3064/document.
Berre lagoon was occupied by extensive meadows at the turn of the 20th century which regressed down under the impact of urban and industrial pollution and inflow of the EDF canal. Even though freshwater inputs and pollutions were drastically reduced respectively in the 1980s and 1990s, meadows have not significantly gained ground. This thesis aims at analysing the interactions between seagrass meadows of Berre lagoon, hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes, based on the postulate that these mechanisms are important in the maintenance of the meadows in their present dispersed form. In the lagoon, winds constitute the dominant influence on hydrodynamics in the lagoon by generating wind waves and currents. Wave attenuation is linked to wave height, which is, in turn, dependent on wind intensity and fetch length and modified by the bay morphology. Wave attenuation is also modulated by meadow biometry, and by water levels and currents.Whereas currents are strong and strongly influenced by wind and wind waves above the meadow, a transition canopy-water layer dissipates waves and currents. In the canopy, currents are thus attenuated.The meadow is not just a passive element in the overall sediment dynamics since it reduces energy and thus modifies substrate changes within and in the back of the meadow, thus protecting the shoreline. However, it is the recurrence of strong wind that seems to drive sedimentary changes. The strong interactions between the meadow and the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes could limit the extension of the meadow in areas more exposed to waves
Allouche, Aurélien. "Le rôle de l’argumentation dans le développement du militantisme environnementaliste : Le cas des conflits autour de l’aménagement hydro-électrique de l’étang de Berre (2004-2007)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3077.
This work questions how far and by what processes the constraint made to the social actors who are opposing an industrial or urban development project to argue their refusal can incidentally contribute to the dissemination of the values, beliefs and principals of the environmentalist activism. Following a simmelian analysis perspective, this work makes converge the interactionist and cognitive dimensions of the planning conflicts. By this way we aim to understand how the properties of arguments and group commitments may gradually lead actors initially engaged to oppose a development project due to personal reasons to assume and promote environmentalist contents defended for themselves and beyond the initial development conflict. We propose an analytical model of the role of argumentation in the development of environmentalist activism when individuals decide to constitute a group in order to oppose a development project by means of a common argumentation. This model is made from the simmelian aspects of the works of Bernard Groethuysen and Mikhail Bakhtin.The field study of this work is consituted by the conflicts arising from the construction of a hydroelectric power station at Saint-Chamas (Bouches-du-Rhône) which converted the Berre lagoon into the point fall of one of the leading french hydroelectric chains. During these conflicts, the progression of argumentation and the interactions involved in the argument process allow the expansion of the mobilization to various environmental issues and the defense of new ecosystems
Luneau, Aymeric. "Militants et riverains dans la dynamique des causes environnementales : approche sociologique des syndromes d'hypersensiblilité chimique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01143362.
On the 19th of October 2010, an article of Chemical Sensitivity Network reported that a child "with MCS had said: 'I wish I had a cancer because at least my condition would be recognized. '" This quote in itself could summarize this thesis, which concerns the social conditions in which spaces of debate on chemical-related environmental problems can arise. My work relies on a study of three environmental health problems. The first problem is related to the use of perchloroethylene in laundries for dry cleaning. The question which the second problem deals with concerns the health impacts of the pollution around the etang de Berre, an industrial area near Marseilles. The third problem refers to the controversy over the reality of "Multiple Chemical Syndrome", an "environmental disease" which emerged at the beginning of the 1980s. The analysis of these three issues has made it possible to grasp the way in which a collective dynamic has formed from the investigations that the residents, the sick persons, the victims, their close relations, physicians and public authorities have undertaken to understand some singular experiences and to resolve their doubts. Through these investigations, the actors question facts, previously taken for granted; they take part in defining the problem, and they create spaces of debate about the relationship between chemicals and health. I show that conflict drives this process