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Дисертації з теми "Anomalies quantiques"
FARHI, Emmanuel. "Etude des anomalies paraelectriques quantiques de perovskites derivees de KTaO_3." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003038.
Повний текст джерелаdi'electriques qui devraient ?etre ferro'electriques
en dessous de la temp'erature de CurieWeiss Tc .
Que se passetil ? A basse temp'erature, les
fluctuations ferro'electriques sont contr?ol'ees par
un mode de vibration transverse optique (TO),
dit ferro'electrique qui devient mou (sa fr'equence
diminue) au centre de la zone de Brillouin lorsque
la temp'erature d'ecro?it. Mais pour T ! T q ¸ Tc ,
le fort mouvement quantique de point z'ero de l'ion
central (Ta dans KTaO3) emp?eche la condensation
du mode ferro'electrique, dont la fr'equence se sta
bilise `a basse 'energie. La constante di'electrique
ffl sature `a une tr`es grande valeur, et un fort cou
plage avec le mode transverse acoustique devient
visible.
En 1991, K.A. M¨uller, d'apr`es une 'etude RPE,
envisage une transition de phase d'un nouveau
type dans ces mat'eriaux. B. Hehlen et E.
Courtens s'int'eressent alors aux propri'et'es basses
fr'equences du SrTiO3 et du KTaO3 . Les 'etudes
de diffusion neutronique, mais surtout Brillouin,
montrent alors, parmi les nombreuses anomalies,
une nouvelle excitation tr`es basse fr'equence, qu'ils
attribuent au second son, la propagation ondula
toire de la chaleur.
Ce travail pr'esente des r'esultats originaux
obtenus en diffusion neutronique et Brillouin `a
basse temp'erature (5300 K). Une param'etrisation
des nappes de phonons dans KTaO3 a servi de
base au calcul de la largeur normale des phonons,
de la vitesse th'eorique du second son, dans le cas
o`u il serait effectivement observable, et du spectre
complet de diffusion Brillouin par des processus de
diff'erence de deux phonons. La comparaison des
simulations avec l'exp'erience montre un bon ac
cord pour le calcul des largeurs et des nappes, et le
processus physique observ'e en spectroscopie Bril
louin est probablement celui de diff'erence de deux
phonons. Les diff'erents aspects de la dynamique
des phonons basse fr'equence peuvent ?etre unifi'es
au sein d'une th'eorie de diffusion Brillouin au sec
ond ordre.
Mots clefs : phonons, para'electriques quan
tiques, second son, anharmonicit'e, diffusion neu
tronique, spectroscopie Brillouin, mod'elisation et
simulation num'erique, KTaO3 , SrTiO3 .
Fahri, Emmanuel. "Etude des anomalies paraélectriques quantiques de pérovskites dérivées de KTaO3." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20190.
Повний текст джерелаLarue, Rémy. "Quelques aspects de théorie effective des champs et anomalies quantiques en gravité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY019.
Повний текст джерелаQuantum Field Theory (QFT) is a rich and complex formalism that has proved to be tremendously fruitful over the past decades. Collective endeavor has allowed to greatly enhance our understanding of QFT, yet there remains much to unravel. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to help achieve a better understanding of some aspects of QFT, namely Effective Field Theories (EFTs) in curved spacetime and quantum (gravitational) anomalies.Throughout this thesis, our main tool will be the Path Integral, which is particularly suited when dealing with EFTs and anomalies in gravity. The first Chapter is thus dedicated to introducing the concept of Path Integral, its construction, its interpretation, and its use in QFT.The EFT paradigm has been in full swing for about a decade due to the lack of direct detection of new Physics in experiments. However, the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics exhibits unsolved puzzles, which call for Beyond the SM (BSM) models to resolve them. This indicates that the SM is an incomplete theory that breaks down above some energy scale, which is by definition an EFT. The effects of gravity in EFTs pertain to many scenarii (QFT around black holes, inflation, condensed matter systems, etc...), however computations in curved spacetime can quickly become untractable. This motivates the development of powerful computational tools to circumvent that difficulty. The second Chapter of this thesis is thus dedicated to introducing the EFT paradigm, and to presenting our results concerning EFT computations in gravity. As an interesting novelty, we fill a dearth in the literature concerning chiral fermions in gravity in the Path Integral, and obtain new effective operators that were omitted before.The subject of the last Chapter of this thesis is the study of quantum anomalies, which are the breaking of classical symmetries upon quantisation of the theory. Anomalies occur in low energy EFTs, and hold a prominent place due to their relation to topological invariants. As a result, topological anomalies are independent from the energy scale of the EFT, and provide direct insight into high energy effects. Besides their topological nature, they have important phenomenological implications, the historical example being the decay of pions into two photons. Anomalies are central in the understanding of QFTs, and have been the subject of many debates up until very recently. As we will see, difficulties are mainly due to their crucial link to divergences that need regularising and renormalising. These difficulties are exacerbated in curved spacetime when several symmetries are intertwined. Along with these discussions, several of our results are presented in Chapter 3. We first propose an efficient method to extract anomalies from EFTs while keeping non-anomalous symmetries under control. We then help solving a controversy regarding the presence of parity violating effects in the trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion. Finally, we extend our previous result to conclude on the absence of parity violating contributions to the trace anomaly in a model-independent manner
Tauber, Clément. "Trois applications d'une approche géométrique à la théorie conforme des champs." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis, consisting of three parts, is focusing on different physical problems that are related to two dimensional Conformal Field Theory (CFT).The first part deals with nonequilibrium transport properties across a junction of quantum wires. Three models are studied. The first one describes the wires by a free compactified bosonic field, seen as the bosonization of the Luttinger liquid of electrons. The junction of the wires is modeled by a boundary condition that ensures nontrivial scattering of the charges between the wires. Combining canonical quantization and functional integral, we compute exactly the current correlation functions in equilibrium, but also in a nonequilibrium stationary state, as well as the full counting statistics of charge and energy between the wires set at different temperatures and potentials. The two other models of quantum wire junction are based on Wess-Zumino-Witten theory (WZW). In the first one, the junction is described by a “cyclic brane” and in the second, by a “coset brane”. The results in the first case are as complete as for the free field, but the charges are fully transmitted from one wire to the next one. In the second case, the scattering is nontrivial, but the model turns out to be difficult to solve.The second part of the thesis studies the global gauge anomalies in “coset” models of CFT, realized as gauged WZW theories. The (almost) complete classification of such anomalies, that lead to some inconsistent coset models, is presented. It is based on Dynkin classification of subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.Finally, the third part of the thesis describes the geometric construction of index from unitary operator families obtained from valence band projectors of a two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulator. The index is related on one hand to the square root of the Wess-Zumino amplitude of such a family, and, on the other hand, it reproduces the Kane-Mele invariant of the insulator. The last identification requires a nontrivial argument that uses a new gauge anomaly of WZW models with boundary.The three parts of the thesis use similar geometrical tool of CFT, that permits to obtain several original results. The unity in the method, as well as the topic of anomalies, builds a bridge between the different components of the manuscript
Jarczak, Candide. "Anomalies and anomalous dimensions in N = 4 SYM theory." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10163.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we calculate the anomalous dimensions of some composite operators in the N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory. We use a trick relying on the properties of these operators considered as superconformal representations near the unitarity bound. In this way we gain an order in perturbation theory. Our method requires understanding how these composite operators mix in the quantum theory. We thus found the anomalous dimension of two operators from the BMN family up to three loops, and the anomalous dimensions of the twist-two operators up to one loop. Our results confirm the predictions coming from string theory via the AdS/CFT correspondence
Bautista, Solans Maria Teresa. "Weyl anomalies and quantum cosmology." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066329/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we study the cosmological consequences of Weyl anomalies arising from the renormalization of composite operators of the fundamental fields, including the metric. These anomalies are encoded in the gravitational dressings of the operators in a non-local quantum effective action. We derive the evolution equations that follow from this action and look for cosmological solutions. For simplicity, we focus on Einstein-Hilbert gravity with a cosmological constant. We first consider two-dimensional gravity, where Liouville theory allows us to compute the gravitational dressing of the cosmological constant operator. Using a Weyl-invariant formulation, we determine the gauge-invariant but non-local effective action, and compute the corresponding non-local momentum tensor. The Weyl anomalies modify the full quantum momentum tensor, not only its trace, and hence lead to interesting effects in the cosmological dynamics. In particular, we find a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-down of the de Sitter expansion. In four dimensions, motivated by our results in two dimensions, we parametrize the effective action with scale-dependent gravitational dressings, and compute the general evolution equations. In the approximation of constant anomalous dimensions, the momentum tensor leads to a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-roll quasi-de Sitter expansion, just as in two dimensions. The anomalous dimensions are in principle computable in a given microscopic theory using semiclassical methods. Even though the anomalous dimensions are small in perturbation theory, their integrated effect over several e-folds could add up to something significant during primordial cosmology
Cardona, Alexander. "Géométrie de familles de complexes elliptiques, dualité et anomalies." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22358.
Повний текст джерелаLeclere, Cédric. "Spectroscopies X et diffraction anomale de boîtes quantiques GaN et d'hétéro-structure III-N : inter-diffusion et ordre à courte distance." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072456.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Yichao. "Chaos multiplicatif gaussien et applications à la gravité quantique de Liouville." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066623/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the theory of Liouville Quantum Gravity via probabilist approach, introduced in the seminal paper of Polyakov in 1981, using path integral formalism on 2d surfaces. To define this path integral with exponential interaction, we started from the theory of Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos in order to define exponential of log-correlated Gaussian fields. In the first part, we generalise the construction of Liouville Quantum Gravity on the Riemann sphere to another geometry, the one of the unit disk. The novelty of this work, in collaboration with R.Rhodes and V.Vargas, is to analyse carefully the boundary term in the path integral formalism and its interaction with the bulk measure. We establish rigorously formulae from Conformal Field Theory in Physics, such as conformal covariance, KPZ relation, conformal anomaly and Seiberg bounds. A relaxed Seiberg bound in the unit volume case of Liouville Quantum Gravity on the disk is also announced and studied. In the second part of this thesis, we compare this construction in the spirit of Polyakov to another approach to the Liouville Quantum Gravity. In collaboration with two other young researchers, J.Aru and X.Sun, we give a correspondance between these two approaches in a simple but conceptually important case, namely the one on the Riemann sphere with three marked points. Using technics coming from these two approches, we give a new way of regularisation procedure that eventually allow us to link these two pictures
Allard, Adrien. "Étude ab initio des phonons du graphène sur substrats métalliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10174/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe fabrication of high quality large-area graphene films is one of the biggest problem. Recently, the synthesis by chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbons over a metallic substrate have shown promising results. To manage as well as possible the transfer process of the graphene layer in an insulator, it is important to know the interaction strength between the graphene layer and the metallic substrate. We propose in this paper to calculate the phonon dispersion of an adsorbed graphene. The phonon dispersion of graphene is known to display two strong Kohn Anomalies (kinks) in the highest optical branch (HOB) at the high-symmetry points Gamma and K. The phonon slope around the Kohn anomalies is related to the electron-phonon-coupling (EPC) with the graphene pi bands. We show that this EPC, which has strong impact, for example, on Raman scattering and electron transport, can be strongly modified due to interaction with a metallic substrate. For graphene grown on a Ni(111) surface, our ab initio calculations show a total suppression of the Kohn anomaly ; the HOB around Gamma and K becomes completely flat. This is due to the strong hybridization of the graphene pi-bands with the nickel d-bands that lifts the linear crossing of the pi bands at K. Raman spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction are quick and reliable methods to characterize graphene on metallic substrates. Our results show how to obtain additional information, by means of vibrational and photoemission spectroscopy, on the chemisorption or physisorption of graphene layers on metal surfaces
Книги з теми "Anomalies quantiques"
Léo. Survivants: Anomalies quantiques. Paris: Dargaud, 2012.
Знайти повний текст джерелаSurvivants: Anomalies quantiques. Paris: Dargaud, 2011.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLeo. Survivants - Tome 3 - Anomalies quantiques - Episode 3. DARGAUD, 2014.
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