Статті в журналах: "Anodic oxide coatings"

1

Chiba, Makoto, Chinami Yamada, Haruka Okuyama, Minori Sugiura, Sven Pletincx, Hilke Verbruggen, Atsushi Hyono, Iris De Graeve, Herman Terryn, and Hideaki Takahashi. "Development of novel surface treatments for corrosion protection of aluminum: self-repairing coatings." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0056.

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AbstractTwo types of self-repairing coatings for the protection of Al and its alloys are reviewed: (1) organic coatings with capsules containing repairing agent and (2) porous anodic oxide films with inhibitor solution stored in the pores of the oxide film. First, polyurethane microcapsules containing liquid surface-repairing agents were synthesized and polyurethane coating with the capsules was painted on Al alloy specimens. After mechanical damage to the coating, self-repairing occurred by the reaction of water vapor in the air with the repairing agents released from the capsules. Second, porous-type anodic oxide films were formed on Al alloys, and the pores of the anodic oxide films were filled with inhibitor solutions, followed by application of a covering polyurethane layer. Inhibitors released from the pores efficiently protected the Al alloy substrate from corrosion arising from induced mechanical damage.

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2

Konno, Yoshiki, Etsushi Tsuji, Yoshitaka Aoki, Toshiaki Ohtsuka, and Hiroki Habazaki. "Corrosion protection of iron using porous anodic oxide/conducting polymer composite coatings." Faraday Discussions 180 (2015): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00232f.

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Conducting polymers (CPs), including polypyrrole, have attracted attention for their potential in the protection of metals against corrosion; however, CP coatings have the limitation of poor adhesion to metal substrates. In this study, a composite coating, comprising a self-organized porous anodic oxide layer and a polypyrrole layer, has been developed on iron. Because of electropolymerization in the pores of the anodic oxide layer, the composite coating showed improved adhesion to the substrate along with prolonged corrosion protection in a NaCl aqueous corrosive environment. The anodic oxide layers are formed in a fluoride-containing organic electrolyte and contain a large amount of fluoride species. The removal of these fluoride species from the oxide layer and the metal/oxide interface region is crucial for improving the corrosion protection.

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3

Liu, Yu Wei, Wei Zheng Zhang, and Yuan Fu Cao. "Thermal Analysis of an Anodic Oxide Coating Diesel Engine Piston Using 3-D Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.450.

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According to the phenomenon that the piston’s reliability and durability have been significantly weakened due to its high temperature, hard anodizing is used to hinder the heat transfer from the combustion gas to the metal base of the piston. Thermal analyses are performed on pistons with different thicknesses of anodic oxide coatings. The effects of coatings on the thermal behaviors of the pistons are investigated. The numerical results are compared with each other. It has been shown that the maximum surface temperature of the coated pistons with anodic oxide coating which has low thermal conductivity are significantly improved. Also, considering the hard anodizing process, the 100 ~ 150μm thickness of the anodic oxide coating would meet the requirements of the piston’s reliability.

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4

Вayrachniy, B. I., and I. A. Tokareva. "Nanostructured Anodic Oxide Films of Niobium: Features of Electrochemical Formation, Functional Properties and Applications (Review)." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.17.2.160-169.

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The review summarizes data on the anodic behavior of niobium in aqueous solutions. Features of electrochemical formation nanostructured oxide coatings on niobium by anodic oxidation are systematized. The article deals with theoretical aspects formation of the porous anodic oxide layers. The influence of process parameters and the characteristics of the electrolyte on layer of niobium oxide were analyzed. The functional properties of porous coating on niobium are considered and promising areas of practical application identified.

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5

Wen, Yu Qing, Hui Min Meng, Wei Shang, and Xiu Juan Jiang. "Electrochemical Characteristics of the Rare Earth Compound Coating on 6061 Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2361.

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The composite coatings were prepared on aluminum alloy by anodizing and chemical conversion method. The coatings consisted of a anodic oxide coating and a rare earth conversion coating. The surface morphology and composition of the composite coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The electrochemical properties of the different samples were researched by Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5-wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that corrosion current density of the sample with composite coatings was 3.611×10-9 A·cm-2, impedance was 6.107×105 Ω·cm-2. The composite coatings had better corrosion resistance than the sample with anodic oxide film and the aluminum alloy substrate.

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6

Yamamoto, Dai, Kensuke Kuroda, Ryoichi Ichino, and Masazumi Okido. "Anodic Oxide Coatings on Ti Alloys and their Osteoconductivity." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.612.

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Titanium and Ti alloys are widely used as substitutional materials for natural bone because of their good biocompatibility, high strength, and high corrosion resistance. In our previous studies, TiO2 coating on Ti with Ra (arithmetical means of roughness) < 0.1 μm formed by anodizing had much higher osteoconductivity than that of pure Ti. It can be expected that TiO2 coating with fine surface can improve the osteoconductivity of Ti alloys. In this study, the effects on the osteoconductivity of TiO2 coatings on different kinds of Ti alloys were investigated by in vivo study. TiO2 coatings with Ra < 0.1 μm were formed on 4 kinds of Ti alloys (Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64), Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67), Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ), Ti-13Cr-1Fe-3Al (TCFA)) using anodizing in H3PO4 aqueous solution. Surface properties of these coatings were evaluated using SEM, XRD, and XPS. In in vivo study, samples were implanted in rats’ tibia for 14 days, and then removed. Cross section of the sample was observed with optical microscope and bone-implant contact ratio (RB-I) at the interface between body tissue and bone was used as a parameter of osteoconductivity. Anatase type TiO2 coatings with Ra < 0.1 μm were uniformly formed on all of the Ti alloys by anodizing at low voltage. These oxide coatings contained the ions of other alloy elements. TiO2 coatings on Ti64 and Ti67 indicated high osteoconductivity similar to that of TiO2 coating on pure Ti. On the contrary, TiO2 coating on TNTZ and TCFA showed low osteoconductivity. It was thought that ions of alloy elements brought bad influence on the osteoconductivity of TiO2.

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7

Chilimoniuk, Paulina, Robert P. Socha, and Tomasz Czujko. "Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum-Iron Oxide with a Tunable Band Gap Formed on the FeAl3 Intermetallic Phase." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163471.

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Nanostructured anodic oxide layers on an FeAl3 intermetallic alloy was prepared by two-step anodization in 20 wt.% H2SO4 at 0 °C. The obtained anodic oxide coating was subjected to phase and chemical composition analysis using XPS and XRD techniques. An analysis of the band gap of individual coatings was also performed. The applied parameters of the anodization process were determined, enabling the formation of a nanostructured coating on the FeAl3 intermetallic alloy. Tests were carried out on samples produced at a voltage between 10 V and 22.5 V in 2.5 V steps. The produced coatings were subjected to an annealing process at 900 °C for 2 h in an argon protective atmosphere. Moreover, the influence of the substrate chemical composition on the chemical and phase composition of the anodic oxide are discussed. Band gaps of 2.37 eV at 22.5 V and 2.64 eV at 10 V were obtained directly after the anodizing process. After applying the heat treatment, band gap values of 2.10 eV at 22.5 Vand 2.48 eV for the coating produced at 10 V were obtained.

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8

Yu, Mei, Wu Jiang, Jian Hua Liu, and Song Mei Li. "Black Anodized Thermal Control Coating on LY12 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2166.

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The black thermal control coatings were prepared by etching anodic oxide film and coloring with an organic ATT dyestuff on the LY12 aluminum alloy. The anodic oxide film on aluminum alloy was formulated in 20% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in galvanostatic conditions. The microstructure of the anodized coating was studied by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Open circuit potential (OCP) was applied to study the etching of porous oxide layers in the immerging acid solution. The influence of coloring on the optical properties of the coating was investigated. Results showed that the solar absorptance and infrared emittance increased by increasing coloring times.

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9

Grote, Fabian, Huaping Zhao, and Yong Lei. "Self-supported carbon coated TiN nanotube arrays: innovative carbon coating leads to an improved cycling ability for supercapacitor applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 7 (2015): 3465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05905k.

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Innovative carbon coating on nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide templates enables coatings on dense self-supported nanostructured arrays in a reverse manner for applications in energy devices (e.g., supercapacitors).

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10

da Forno, Anna, Massimiliano Bestetti, Nora Lecis, Stefano Paolo Trasatti, and Monica Trueba. "Anodic Oxidation and Silane Treatment for Corrosion Protection of AM60B Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.413.

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Oxide films have been produced on AM60B magnesium alloy using micro-arc oxidation process in an environmentally friendly alkaline solution with and without addition of different oxides nanoparticles (TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3). In order to seal the oxides porosity generated in the sparking process, a silane-based top coat has been applied. The surface morphology of samples was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Scratch tests were performed for evaluating the adhesion strength of the anodic oxides. The corrosion resistance of the oxide- silane- based topcoat composite coatings was evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution using anodic polarization tests. The anodizing in oxides nanoparticles rich solutions (ZrO2 or Al2O3), followed by a silane top coat treatment performed using OSi as precursor, is an interesting way to synthesize adherent corrosion resistant coatings on magnesium alloy AM60B.

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11

Kniep, Rüdiger, Peter Lamparter, and Siegfried Steeb. "Structure of Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum." Angewandte Chemie 101, no. 7 (July 1989): 975–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19891010737.

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12

Kniep, R�diger, Peter Lamparter, and Siegfried Steeb. "Structure of anodic oxide coatings on aluminum." Advanced Materials 1, no. 7 (1989): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19890010705.

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13

Kniep, Rüdiger, Peter Lamparter, and Siegfried Steeb. "Structure of Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 28, no. 7 (July 1989): 951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198909511.

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14

Gebarowski, W., and S. Pietrzyk. "Influence of the Cathodic Pulse on the Formation and Morphology of Oxide Coatings on Aluminium Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation / Wpływ Impulsu Katodowego Na Tworzenie I Morfologie Warstw Tlenkowych Na Aluminium Otrzymywanych Na Drodze Plazmowego Utleniania Elektrolitycznego." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0180-7.

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an effective method to obtain hard ceramic coatings on Al, Mg and Ti alloys. Micro-discharges occurring on the electrode surface during process promote the creation of crystalline oxides phases which improve mechanical properties of the coating. By using alternate current (AC) at some current conditions the process can be conducted in ‘soft’ spark regime. This allows producing thicker layers, increasing growth rate and uniformity of layer, decreasing amount of pores and defects. These facts proof the importance of cathodic pulse in the PEO mechanism; however its role is not well defined. In this work, influence of anodic to cathodic current density ratio on kinetics of coating growth, its morphology and composition were investigated. The PEO process of pure was conducted in potassium hydroxide with sodium metasilicate addition. The different anodic to cathodic average currents densities ratios of pulses were applied. The phase composition of coatings was determined by XRD analysis. Morphology of obtained oxide layers was investigated by SEM observations.

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15

Vasilyeva, Marina S., Vladimir S. Rudnev, Irina V. Lukiyanchuk, N. E. Zabudskaya, and I. V. Chasovnikov. "Sn-Containing Oxide Coatings: Formation, Composition, Electroanalytical and Catalytic Properties." Key Engineering Materials 806 (June 2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.806.70.

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Sn-containing oxide coatings were prepared via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti plate in the electrolytes with [SnII-EDTA]2- complex anions or SnO2 particles in the anode and anodic-cathodic modes. The coatings formed in electrolyte with SnO2 particles stabilized by SAS contain SnO2 and Sn0. In the electrolyte with [Sn-EDTA]2- complex anions, the SnO2-containing coatings were formed in the anodic mode while Sn0-containing ones were obtained in the anodic-cathodic mode. SnO2-containing structures formed in the electrolytes with [Sn-EDTA]2- anions are shown to be active in catalytic oxidation of CO into CO2 at temperatures above 350 °C. They can be the basis for the preparation of both carriers of catalytically active compounds and catalysts for redox reactions. Potentiometric tests showed that the Sn-containing PEO layers on titanium exhibit the most characteristic pH function for the metal oxide electrodes in the direct potentiometry and acid-base titration.

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16

Cheng, Xinhua, Kaifa Du, and Dihua Wang. "Rearrangement of Oxide Scale on Ni-11Fe-10Cu-6Al Pre-Oxidized at 950 °C during Anodic Polarization in Molten Carbonate." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 121511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac445a.

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The effect of anodic polarization in molten Na2CO3-K2CO3 at 750 °C was investigated on the structure of oxide scale formed by pre-oxidation of Ni-11Fe-10Cu-6Al alloy at 950 °C in air. The pre-formed oxide scale evolves and rearranges under anodic polarization related to melt corrosion and non-uniformly distributed electric field. Both of pre-oxidized and as-rearranged electrodes can serve as inert anodes with oxygen evolution. Anodic polarization exhibits a negative rearrangement-destructivity effect for the pre-formed oxide scale with corrosion protection of the rearranged oxide scale decreasing. The structure rearrangement of pre-formed oxide scale is also discussed during anodic polarization in the melt.

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17

Gusakov, G. A., I. V. Gasenkova, N. I. Mukhurov, and G. V. Sharonov. "Research of effect of heat treatment on microhardness and wearing resistance of anodic oxide aluminum coatings modified by nano diamonds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-2-157-165.

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Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys is widely used in various fields of science and technology. The process of modifying porous anodic aluminum oxide with ultradispersed diamond (UDD) particles to improve the mechanical characteristics of coatings requires additional study. UDD was modified by consistent heat treatment at 40 °C and 120 °C. The results of the UDD surface modification were controlled by IR spectroscopy. The surface state analysis was carried out using the PMT-3 microhardnessmeter, the SolverPro P47 atomic-force microscope (AFM), and the experimental probe-electrometry device. One of the ways to improve the mechanical characteristics of such coatings is the use of ultradispersed diamonds with respective pretreatment of their surface. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of additives of ultradispersed diamonds with different functional surface composition in an acid electrolyte to form coatings of porous anodic alumina on the surface of AMg-2 aluminum alloy substrates by electrochemical oxidation. An increase in the microhardness and wear resistance of anodic oxide coatings formed on aluminum alloy substrates after various post-growth heat treatments is noted. It is shown that using a combined method based on doping anodic alumina in the process of synthesis with modified ultradispersed diamonds and post-growth annealing of the coatings obtained in vacuum at T = 500 °C, it is possible to obtain a composite material that is 2 times higher in hardness and 3 times higher in wear resistance compared to the initial coating. The research results can be used to create a new generation of radiation-resistant heat-removing bases, nano and micromechanical devices, elements of passive and active electronics, high-quality parts for spacecraft and satellites on modern composite materials.

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18

Hsu, Hsien Ta, and Tsong Jen Yang. "Improvement of Adhesion Strength of Electroless Nickel Coating on AZ91D by Anodized Oxide Interlayer." Advanced Materials Research 509 (April 2012): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.509.90.

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Nickel-oxide duplex coatings were successfully deposited on magnesium alloy (AZ91D) by anodizing and electroless nickel-phosphorus plating processes. The anodizing interlayer was used to increase the adhesion strength of Ni-P layer. The electroless Ni-P coating enhances the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide layer. Specimen of AZ91D magnesium alloy was polished firstly. The anodizing process was preceded in alkaline anodizing solution at 24 °C, and the bath voltage maintained at 70 volts for 2 hours. Successive electroless Ni-P plating was used to achieve the sandwich structure. The surface morphologies of the coatings were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The adhesion strength was measured by pull-off tester. The electrochemical behavior of coatings with corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was evaluated by potential polarization curve. The experimental results showed that the adhesion strength of directly deposited coating and duplex coating were 115.4 kgf/cm2 and 142.2 kgf/cm2, respectively. The adhesion strength of coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy was improved by the synergistic effect between anodized magnesium oxide and Ni-P layer in duplex coating.

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19

Gebarowski, Wojciech, Stanislaw Pietrzyk, and Maria Richert. "Characterisation of Oxide Coatings Produced on Aluminium by PEO at Different Frequencies of Pulsed Current." Materials Science Forum 828-829 (August 2015): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.828-829.427.

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The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is a surface modification process that allows producing protective oxide coatings on light metal alloys. These coatings are characterized by high microhardness and wear resistance. Changes of electrical conditions of alternate current during process, such as duration and frequency of anodic and cathodic pulses, influence on layer growth rate, its microstructure and final properties. In this study aluminium samples were oxidized at different electrical parameters in sodium silicate electrolyte. The growth rates of oxide layers were determined by mass change and thickness measurements. The microstructure of the obtained coatings was investigated by using scanning electron microscope. Additionally, phase compositions of coatings was determined by X-ray diffraction on top surfaces of layers. Generally, shorter duration and higher frequency of anodic pulses provides more uniform structure at lower growth rate. Nevertheless, there are certain ranges of electrical parameters that provide decent uniformity of oxide coatings.

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20

Rahnamaee, Seyed Yahya, Shahab Ahmadi Seyedkhani, Aylar Eslami Saed, Sayed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad, and Ashkan Seza. "Bioinspired TiO₂/chitosan/HA coatings on Ti surfaces: biomedical improvement by intermediate hierarchical films." Biomedical Materials 17, no. 3 (April 13, 2022): 035007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/ac61fc.

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Abstract The most common reasons for hard-tissue implant failure are structural loosening and prosthetic infections. Hence, in this study, to overcome the first problem, different bioinspired coatings, including dual acid-etched, anodic TiO2 nanotubes array, anodic hierarchical titanium oxide (HO), micro- and nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) layers, and HA/chitosan (HA/CS) nanocomposite, were applied to the titanium alloy surfaces. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis demonstrated that the in situ HA/CS nanocomposite formed successfully. The MTT assay showed that all samples had excellent cell viability, with cell proliferation rates ranging from 120% to 150% after 10 days. The HO coating demonstrated superhydrophilicity (θ ≈ 0°) and increased the wettability of the metallic Ti surface by more than 120%. The friction coefficient of all fabricated surfaces was within the range of natural bone’s mechanical behavior. The intermediate HO layer increased the adhesion strength of the HA/CS coating by more than 60%. The HO layer caused the mechanical stability of HA/CS during the 1000 m of friction test. The microhardness of HA/CS (22.5 HV) and micro-HA (25.5 HV) coatings was comparable to that of human bone. A mechanism for improved adhesion strength of HA/CS coatings by intermediate oxide layer was proposed.

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21

Fohlerova, Zdenka, and Alexander Mozalev. "Anodic formation and biomedical properties of hafnium-oxide nanofilms." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 14 (2019): 2300–2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb03180k.

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22

Lou, Bai Yang, Guo Zhu, Pei Hua Li, and Han Shan Dong. "Study on Corrosion Wear Behavior of 70 Aluminum Alloy Anodic Oxide Coating." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1735.

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In vitriolic electrolyte, DC power supply is used on 7075 aluminum alloy to have anodic oxidation treatment then let the oxidized samples have a treatment of electroless plating. Surface morphology of the coating and performance of corrosion wear are studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and friction and wear experimental machine. The results show that unsealed oxide coating have many holes and cracks, which are extremely badly-distributed; corrosion resistance of the oxide coatings which have the treatment of electroless plating have improved, having lower coefficient of friction and better performance of corrosion wear; besides; coefficient of friction of the samples in water is higher than that in salt water, its wear amount is less.

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23

Bykanova, V. V., V. A. Panasenko, and S. M. Bykanov. "SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF COATINGS TI/TINOM∙ZrO2 FOR PURIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER FROM ORGANIC AROMATIC CONTAMINANTS." Journal of Coal Chemistry 2 (2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-2-33-40.

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It is shown that photocatalytic processes on semiconductor materials are promising for use in technologies for purifying industrial waste water and air from toxic organic impurities for solving important environmental problems. Studies on the formation of coatings with titanium(IV) oxide supplemented with zirconium(IV) oxide have been carried out. The Ti/TiO2 coverings were formed by anodic oxidation of technical alloys of VT1-0 grade titanium and E-125 zirconium from aqueous electrolyte solutions based on 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 1 M potassium pyrophosphate. To obtain mixed oxide coatings of the Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 composition, zirconium(IV) oxide of a given concentration was additionally introduced into the electrolyte solutions. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained systems was assessed by the phenol oxidation reaction. It is shown that, as a result of anodic oxidation of the VT1-0 alloy in sulfuric and pyrophosphate electrolytes, it is possible to obtain mixed oxide systems of the Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 composition with a porous and microcrystalline surface structure and a zirconium content of up to 2 % by weight. It was found that an increase in the pH of the electrolyte leads to a significant decrease in the content of zirconium in the coatings. It is shown that the contact masses Ti/TiO2, Zr/ZrO2, Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 are photocatalytically active in the oxidation of phenol under the action of UV radiation, and the mixed Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 coatings formed from a sulfuric acid electrolyte exhibit a higher catalytic activity with respect to compared with both individual oxides and Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 deposited from pyrophosphate electrolytes. The results obtained indicate the possibility of creating photocatalytic converters using mixed oxide systems formed on metal supports for purifying wastewater from organic aromatic compounds. Keywords: coatings, titanium(IV) oxide, electrochemical anodizing, photocatalytic activity, zirconium(IV) oxide, organic aromatic pollutants, phenol, waste water, purification. Corresponding author Panasenrj V.A. е-mail: office@niochim.kharkov.ua

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24

Nowak, M., B. Płonka, A. Kozik, M. Karaś, M. Mitka, and M. Gawlik. "Conversion Coatings Produced on AZ61 Magnesium Alloy by Low-Voltage Process." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0076.

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The resultes of anodic oxide conversion coatings on wrought AZ61 magnesium alloy production are describe. The studies were conducted in a solution containing: KOH (80 g/l) and KF (300 g/l) using anodic current densities of 3, 5 and 10 A/dm2 and different process durations. The obtained coatings were examined under a microscope and corrosion tests were performed by electrochemical method. Based on these results, it was found that the low-voltage process produces coatings conferring improved corrosion resistance to the tested magnesium alloy.

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25

Chang, Li Min, Peng Wang, and Wei Liu. "Effect of Amino Acids on the Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Li Alloy Anodic Oxide Film." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.785.

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In this paper, Mg-Li alloy anodic oxide films were prepared with different amino acid as additive. The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the main compositions of the anodic oxide films are MgO, Mg(OH)2 and LiOH. The anodic oxide films with amino acid as additive have uniformer surface and higher corrosion resistance than that without additive, but with the increase of the carbon chain of amino acid, the effect is reduced gradually.

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26

Rahimi, Mohammadreza, Rouhollah Mehdinavaz Aghdam, Mahmoud Heydarzadeh Sohi, Ali Hossein Rezayan, and Maryam Ettelaei. "Enhance corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy by tailoring the anodic oxidation time followed by heat treatment in simulated body fluid." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 68, no. 4 (June 18, 2021): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2020-2402.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of anodizing time and heat treatment on morphology, phase and corrosion resistance of formed coating. To characterize the anodic oxide layer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that was equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was hired. The corrosion behavior of oxide-coated samples was estimated by electrochemical polarization test in simulated body fluid (SBF). Design/methodology/approach Anodic oxidation method is applied to reinforce the corrosion and biological properties of biomaterials in the biomedical industry. In this paper, the alkaline NaOH (1 M) electrolyte was used for AZ31 magnesium alloy anodizing accompanied by heat treatment in the air. Findings It can be concluded that the best corrosion resistance belongs to the 10 min anodic oxidized sample and among the heat-treated samples the 30 min anodized sample represented the lowest corrosion rate. Originality/value In this study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge for the first time, this paper describes the effect of anodizing process time on NaOH (1 M) electrolyte at 3 V on corrosion behavior of magnesium AZ31 alloy with an alternate method to change the phase composition of the formed oxide layer. The morphology and composition of the obtained anodic oxide layer were investigated under the results of SEM, EDS and XRD. The corrosion behavior of the oxide coatings layer fabricated on the magnesium-based substrate was studied by the potentiodynamic polarization test in the SBF solution.

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Bruera, Florencia, Gustavo Kramer, María Vera, and Alicia Ares. "Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Nanoporous Aluminum Oxide Films by Using a Single Anodization Step." Coatings 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020115.

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Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films play an important role in nanotechnology due to their easily adjustable morphological properties and wide range of applications. Thus, a deep and systematic characterization of the morphological properties of these coatings is essential. The most important variables in the synthesis of nanoporous AAO films include the anodization voltage, nature, concentration and temperature of the electrolyte, which, combined, result in pores of different sizes and geometries. In the present work, AA 1050 alloy was used to synthesize AAO films, using 0.3 and 0.9 M oxalic acid as the electrolyte and combining different electrolyte temperatures (20, 30 and 40 °C) and anodizing voltages (30, 40 and 60 V), with the aim to correlate the morphological properties of the coatings with the synthesis parameters of a single anodization step. The coatings obtained were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, determining pore diameter, interpore distance, pore density and coating thickness. The results showed that, by varying the anodic synthesis conditions, it is possible to obtain coatings with a pore diameter between 21 and 97 nm, an interpore distance between 59 and 138 nm, pore density between 2.8 × 1010 and 5.4 × 109 pores/cm2 and thicknesses between 15 and 145 µm. In this way, the right combination of synthesis variables allows synthesizing AAO coatings with morphological characteristics best suited to each particular application.

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28

Ogden, T. R., A. D. Rathsam, and J. T. Gilchrist. "Thermal conductivity of thick anodic oxide coatings on aluminum." Materials Letters 5, no. 3 (February 1987): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(87)90081-4.

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29

Parcharoen, Yardnapar, Preecha Termsuksawad, and Sirinrath Sirivisoot. "Bacterial Stress and Osteoblast Responses on Graphene Oxide-Hydroxyapatite Electrodeposited on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2194614.

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To develop bone implant material with excellent antibacterial and biocompatible properties, nanotubular titanium surface was coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and graphene oxide (GO). Layer-by-layer deposition was achieved by coating HA on an anodic-grown titanium dioxide nanotube array (ATi) with electrolytic deposition, followed by coating with GO using anodic-electrophoretic deposition. The antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria was determined based on the percentage of surviving bacteria and the amount of ribonucleic acid (RNA) leakage and correlated with membrane disruption. The oxidative stress induced in both strains of bacteria by GO was determined by cyclic voltammetry and is discussed. Importantly, the antibacterial GO coatings on HA-ATi were not cytotoxic to preosteoblasts and promoted osteoblast proliferation after 5 days and calcium deposition after 21 days in standard cell culture conditions.

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30

Spathis, Panayotis, Efthimios Papastergiadis, Georgios Stalidis, and Georgios Papanastasiou. "Influence of Malonic Acid on the Corrosion and SCC Behaviour of Anodic Coated 1050 Al-Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 438 (May 2010): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.438.155.

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Aim of the present work is the study of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 1050 Al-Alloy anodised in a 3M H2SO4 anodising bath with the presence in it of malonic acid, in various concentrations and anodising current densities. The investigation was carried out by SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) tests and electrochemical measurements. The influence of applied potential on SCC behaviour was also examined. The corrosion and SCC behaviour of anodised 1050 Al-Alloy was found to vary with malonic acid concentration, anodising conditions, applied potential and stress level. In SCC conditions all prepared coatings protected the bare alloy, with better protective properties in the case of 0.015M concentration of malonic acid prepared with a 6 A.dm-2 anodising current density. The coating prepared in these conditions had better mechanical properties as indicated from the increased protection at a high stress level and also the better behaviour in corrosion, without stress, conditions of coatings prepared in different conditions of malonic acid concentration and anodising current density. For the interpretation of the results, properties of the anodic coatings as thickness, packing density, coating ratio, roughness, were also studied. The anodic coating formed in a electrolytic bath of 0.015M concentration of malonic acid and a 6 A.dm-2 anodising current density was found to be less porous, more compact and rough, with better oxide structure. Prepared coatings were found to increase protective properties in an area of applied potentials slightly more anodic than the free corrosion potential values.

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31

Franco, M., S. Anoop, R. Uma Rani, and A. K. Sharma. "Porous Layer Characterization of Anodized and Black-Anodized Aluminium by Electrochemical Studies." ISRN Corrosion 2012 (December 4, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/323676.

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Three types of black anodic coatings, namely, black dyeing (BD), inorganic colouring (IC), and electrolytic colouring (EC) were prepared by conventional type II sulphuric acid anodizing on Al6061 alloys. Electrochemical behaviour of these coatings was studied by exposure to 3.5% wt sodium chloride solution for prolonged immersion periods up to 360 hours. The porous layer characteristics of all sealed, fresh and autosealed coatings were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An equivalent circuit that reproduces the a.c. impedance results of porous aluminium oxide films is proposed. The breakpoint frequency and damage function analysis were carried out to analyse the coating's electrochemical behaviour. Corrosion morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that BD and IC behaved in a very similar manner to sulphuric acid anodising (SAA). However EC was behaving in an entirely different manner. Among all colouring methods BD was showing very less values. All these findings were further confirmed by linear polarisation studies. No major evidence of localised corrosion or pitting of the black anodic coatings was observed in SEM micrographs.

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32

Oleshko, Oleksandr, Yevheniia Husak, Viktoriia Korniienko, Roman Pshenychnyi, Yuliia Varava, Oksana Kalinkevich, Marcin Pisarek, et al. "Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO-Incorporated Anodic Oxide Coatings on TiZrNb Alloy." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122401.

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In a present paper, we demonstrate novel approach to form ceramic coatings with incorporated ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on low modulus TiZrNb alloy with enhanced biocompatibility and antibacterial parameters. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) was used to integrate ZnO nanoparticles (average size 12–27 nm), mixed with Ca(H2PO2)2 aqueous solution into low modulus TiZrNb alloy surface. The TiZrNb alloys with integrated ZnO NPs successfully showed higher surface porosity and contact angle. XPS investigations showed presence of Ca ions and absence of phosphate ions in the PEO modified layer, what explains higher values of contact angle. Cell culture experiment (U2OS type) confirmed that the surface of as formed oxide-ZnO NPs demonstrated hydrophobic properties, what can affect primary cell attachment. Further investigations showed that Ca ions in the PEO coating stimulated proliferative activity of attached cells, resulting in competitive adhesion between cells and bacteria in clinical situation. Thus, high contact angle and integrated ZnO NPs prevent bacterial adhesion and considerably enhance the antibacterial property of TiZrNb alloys. A new anodic oxide coating with ZnO NPs could be successfully used for modification of low modulus alloys to decrease post-implantation complications.

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Hares, Essam, Ahmed Hassan El-Shazly, Marwa Farouk El-Kady, Kholoud Madih, Hamdiya Orleans-Boham, and Abdallah Yousef Mohammed Ali. "Anodic Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition of Graphene Oxide on Copper Using Different Cathode Materials." Materials Science Forum 1008 (August 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.21.

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The effect of four different cathode materials on the anodic deposition of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was studied experimentally. First, synthesis of graphite oxide from graphite powder was done by modified Hummers' method. Ultrasonic technique was adopted for the preparation of the stable aqueous suspension of GO by using liquid exfoliation of graphite oxide. Deposition of GO coating on copper sheets (the anode) was done via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at the same operating condition (5V, 2 min, concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of GO per deionized water) with different cathode materials (copper, stainless steel, aluminum and graphite). The coatings’ morphological and microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of the current density in the EPD process was obtained. The change in the deposition weight was also measured. It was ascertained that the cathode’s material is a major factor can affect the GO’s EPD process and the characteristics of the final coating.

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34

Шилько, Сергей, Sergey Shil'ko, Дмитрий Черноус, Dmitriy Chernous, Татьяна Рябченко, and Tat'yana Ryabchenko. "SENSITIVITY CALCULATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSOR BASED ON ALUMINUM ANODIC OXIDE IMPREGNATED WITH POLYMER." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 7 (July 29, 2019): 76–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5d2d923295da08.42628593.

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The application of highly ordered thin ceramic coatings with nano-dimensional pores obtained by metal anodic oxidation in pressure sensors of a matrix type is promising. For this purpose the pores of a ceramic base are impregnated with polymer realizing a direct piezoelectric effect. There is developed a procedure for the calculated definition of piezoelectric pressure sensor sensitivity which is a thin coating made of nano-porous aluminum anodic oxide the pores of which are filled with polyvinylidene fluoride. The procedure is based on a three-phase model of fiber-reinforced composite and a simplified problem setting of electroelasticity. The sensor is modeled by a thin two-layer coating located on a conditionally non-deformable base. It is defined that for a coating lying freely on a rigid foundation the sensitivity is directly proportional to volume fraction of the polymer filler. For a coating con-nected in an adhesion way with the base the sensitivity dependence upon a filler share is close to a quadratic one. The estimated assessments of sensor characteristics under analysis at different ways of fastening coincide at 58% volume content of polymer piezoelectric.

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35

Remešová, Michaela, Lenka Klakurková, Ladislav Čelko, Lucia Sládková, David Jech, and Jozef Kaiser. "Anodizing of Zinc-Titanium Alloy in NaOH and KOH Baths." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.399.

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Electrochemical process of conversion coatings formation on Zn-Ti alloy surface during one-step anodizing process was studied in NaOH and KOH electrolytes over the range of voltages (4-50 V) and constant time in order to investigate parameters for the origin of anodic zinc coating. Stainless steel was used as a counter electrode and electrolyte during the anodizing process was agitated by compressed air. Coatings microstructures and morphology were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Surface topography was investigated prior and after the anodizing using non-contact optical 3D profilometer. It was found that high voltage (50 V) and low concentrations of electrolyte (0.04 and 0.1 mol/L NaOH) led to origin of white coloured oxide coatings, while lower voltage (4 and 6 V) and higher concentrations of electrolyte promote the origin of black coloured oxide coatings. Concentration of electrolyte and voltage influenced the thickness of conversion coatings and its surface morphology. Moreover, the surface morphology of the coatings was also influenced by the heterogeneity of substrate alloy.

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36

Spathis, Panagiotis. "Influence of anodic coatings on stress corrosion behaviour of 7017 aluminium alloy." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, no. 1 (December 20, 2013): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2012-1226.

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Purpose – The purpose of this work was to study the cracking susceptibility of a 7017 aluminium alloy, after anodising under various conditions. Design/methodology/approach – Slow strain tests in dry air, laboratory air and sodium chloride solution were employed. Anodic oxide films were produced with various applied current densities and thicknesses, in horizontal or vertical orientation of the coatings, at the free corrosion potential and also at various anodic or cathodic potentials. For the interpretation of the results, a metallographic study of the specimens before and after straining to failure was carried out using a scanning electron microscope. Findings – The behaviour of anodic coatings was found to depend very much on the anodising conditions. The coatings reduced the ductility of the alloy in dry air but can actually increase the ductility in laboratory air and in 3.5 per cent sodium chloride solution. In most cases, the ductility of coated specimens was greater in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution than in dry air, possibly due to crack blunting by the aggressive environment. Anodic coatings moved the free corrosion potential of the alloy in the noble direction and both the anodised and the bare alloy generally suffered a reduction in ductility at potentials anodic or cathodic to the free corrosion potential, the fall being more rapid for the anodised alloy. Research limitations/implications – The mechanism causing the increased ductility of coated specimens in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution than in dry air remains yet to be confirmed. Practical implications – The selection of suitable anodic coatings for the protection of aluminium alloys against stress corrosion cracking depends on the anodising conditions. Originality/value – The paper provides information regarding the influence of anodising conditions on the anticorrosive properties of electrolytically prepared anodic coatings on aluminium alloys.

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37

Sowa, Maciej, Grzegorz Dercz, Katarzyna Suchanek, and Wojciech Simka. "Investigation of anodic oxide coatings on zirconium after heat treatment." Applied Surface Science 346 (August 2015): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.040.

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38

Niedźwiedź, Mateusz, Władysław Skoneczny, and Marek Bara. "The Influence of Anodic Alumina Coating Nanostructure Produced on EN AW-5251 Alloy on Type of Tribological Wear Process." Coatings 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020105.

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The article presents the influence of the anodic alumina coating nanostructure produced on aluminum alloy EN AW-5251 on the type of tribological wear process of the coating. Oxide coatings were produced electrochemically in a ternary electrolyte by the DC method. Analysis of the nanostructure of the coating was performed using ImageJ 1.50i software on micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Scratch tests of the coatings were carried out using a Micron-Gamma microhardness tester. The scratch marks were subjected to surface geometric structure studies with a Form TalySurf 2 50i contact profiler. Based on the studies, it was found that changes in the manufacturing process conditions (current density, electrolyte temperature) affect changes in the coating thickness and changes in the anodic alumina coating nanostructure (quantity and diameter of nanofibers), which in turn has a significant impact on the type of tribological wear. An increase in the density of the anodizing current from 1 to 4 A/dm2 causes an increase in the diameter of the nanofibers from 75.99 ± 7.7 to 124.59 ± 6.53 nm while reducing amount of fibers from 6.6 ± 0.61 to 3.8 ± 0.48 on length 1 × 103 nm. This affects on a change in the type of tribological wear from grooving to micro-cutting.

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39

Sakhnenko, Nykolay D., Maryna V. Ved’, and Ann V. Karakurkchi. "Effect of Doping Metals on the Structure of PEO Coatings on Titanium." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (June 19, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4608485.

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The structure and properties of the oxide films formed on titanium alloys by means of plasma-electrolytic oxidizing in alkali electrolytes based on pyrophosphates, borates, or acetates of alkali metals with the addition of dopants’ oxides or oxoanions of varying composition have been studied. Anodic polarization in the spark discharge (microarc) mode at application of interelectrode potential 90 to 160 V has been used to obtain mixed-oxide systems TiOx·WOy, TiOx·MoOy, TiOx·ZrO2, and TiOx·V2O5. The possibility to obtain the oxide layers containing the alloying elements by the modification of the composition of electrolytes has been stated. The chemical and phase composition as well as the topography, the microstructure, and the grain size of the formed layers depend on the applied current, interelectrode voltage, and the layer chemical composition. The effect of formed films composition on the resistance of titanium to corrosion has been discussed. Catalytic activity of mixed-oxide systems was determined in the model reaction of methyl orange dye MO photodestruction.

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40

Tomassi, Piotr, Zofia Buczko, and Klaudia Olkowicz. "The influence of anodic oxidation parameters on the growth rate of oxide coatings on aluminium." Inżynieria Powierzchni 23, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8030.

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The aim of this work was to obtain high velocity of oxide coatings growth in the process of anodic oxidation of aluminium. Three different processes of oxidation were investigated. The coatings thickness, hardness and sealing quality were examined. The forming velocity of coatings was about 1 µm/min, much higher than obtained by conventional method of anodizing for anticorrosive purpose. The future scopes of application of elaborated processes were described.

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41

Posmyk, A., J. Myalski, and B. Hekner. "Composite Coatings with Ceramic Matrix Including Nanomaterials as Solid Lubricants for Oil-Less Automotive Applications." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0175.

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Abstract The paper presents the theoretical basis of manufacturing and chosen applications of composite coatings with ceramic matrix containing nanomaterials as a solid lubricant (AHC+NL). From a theoretical point of view, in order to reduce the friction coefficient of sliding contacts, two materials are required, i.e. one with a high hardness and the other with low shear strength. In case of composite coatings AHC+NL the matrix is a very hard and wear resistant anodic oxide coating (AHC) whereas the solid lubricant used is the nanomaterial (NL) featuring a low shear strength such as glassy carbon nanotubes (GC). Friction coefficient of cast iron GJL-350 sliding against the coating itself is much higher (0.18-0.22) than when it slides against a composite coating (0.08-0.14). It is possible to reduce the friction due to the presence of carbon nanotubes, or metal nanowires.

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42

Dudem, Bhaskar, Jung Woo Leem, and Jae Su Yu. "A multifunctional hierarchical nano/micro-structured silicon surface with omnidirectional antireflection and superhydrophilicity via an anodic aluminum oxide etch mask." RSC Advances 6, no. 5 (2016): 3764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22535c.

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Hierarchical nano/micro architectures fabricated on a Si surface via an anodic aluminum oxide etch mask can be utilized as antireflection coatings in Si-based device applications and for self-cleaning and anti-fogging surfaces.

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43

Remešová, Michaela, Lenka Klakurková, Miroslava Horynová, Ladislav Čelko, and Jozef Kaiser. "Preparation of Metallographic Samples with Anodic Layers." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.106.

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Anodization is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic oxide coatings. The thickness of the resulting layer depends on the process parameters (voltage, current, type of electrolyte, concentration and temperature of the electrolyte). In this work, the preparation of zinc metallographic samples with anodic layer is described. Samples prepared by anodic oxidation on the zinc substrate are rather brittle and porous. During the mounting, cutting, grinding and polishing the layer can be deformed which can affect the layer thickness measurements. The problem is to determine the boundary between anodic layer and resin. The cross-sectional micrographs were observed by scanning electron microscopy with the aim to improve anodic layers thickness measurements by means of digital image analysis.

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44

Sedelnikova, M. B., A. V. Ugodchikova, P. V. Uvarkin, V. V. Chebodaeva, T. V. Tolkacheva, J. Schmidt, and Yu P. Sharkeev. "Structural, morphological and adhesive properties of calcium phosphate coatings formed on magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation method in electrolyte containing dispersed particles." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 5 (2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/5/60.

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Анотація:

The regularities of the calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings formation by the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO), in the anodic potentiostatic mode, on the Mg0.8Ca alloy have been studied. The coatings deposition was carried out in the electrolyte containing dispersed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) particles. The porous ceramic-like layer was formed in the range of the process voltage of 350-500 V as a result of plasma-chemical reactions during the interaction of electrolyte components with the magnesium substrate. In this case, the β-TCP particles were deposited on the coatings surface from the electrolyte. The effect of the structural and morphological properties of the coatings formed at different voltages on their adhesion properties has been revealed. The coating synthesized at the voltage of 500 V demonstrated the highest adhesion strength at the critical breaking load of 19 N. This coating had the thickness of 80 μm, the roughness of 8 μm, the surface porosity of 23% and the average pore size of 5.9 μm. Destruction of this coating finished at the interface between the coating and the intermediate oxide layer located on the border of the coating and the magnesium substrate.

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45

Student, Mykhajlo, Sergiy Markovych, Volodymyr Hvozdetskii, Khrystyna Zadorozhna, Igor Kovalchuk, and Yurii Dzjoba. "Wearproofness of Layers of Oxide of Formed by Method of Hard Anodization (Hard Anodic Coatings) at Strengthening of Details of Agroindustrial Technique." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 51 (2021): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2021.51.182-187.

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In the last years in an agroindustrial production there is a tendency on replacement of cast-iron details on a detail from aluminium alloys at execution on поверхю of strengthening layer. An ironmaking is accompanied the extrass of plenty of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere. Substituting of cast-iron details by aluminium will decrease the amount of extrass of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere, and substantially will decrease weight of constructions. Hard anodization is used practically in all of industries of industry: avsup and motor-car industry; hydraulics; electronics; heater platforms and tiles; medical devices. This method will allow to promote mechanical descriptions of aluminium alloys the method of forming of the anodized layers on their surface. The synthesis of the anodized layer on an aluminum alloy was performed in a 20% solution of sulfuric acid at a temperature of (-8…-2 ˚C). During anodizing, the current density was 5 A / dm2. The anodizing times were 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Conducted metallographic studies and phase analysis of the layers. Reduction of moisture content was performed at a temperature of 400˚C for 60 minutes. It was found that the oxide layer (Al2O3 • H2O) during hard anodizing on aluminum alloys forms not only oxygen ions, which are formed due to the decomposition of water, but also its neutral atoms, which are formed from the solution. It was found that the microhardness and layer thickness increase with increasing anodizing time. After heat treatment, the number of water molecules decreases and the microhardness increases. Increasing the microhardness increases the resistance to abrasive wear. Conclusions: The layer of oxide in the composition contains to three molecules of water, which reduce a microhardness, and and wearproofness of the anodized layer substantially. The layers of oxide on aluminium alloys are formed the method of cold anodization at low temperatures -8…-4 ˚C to 6 time promote abrasive wearproofness of aluminium alloy of D16. Heat treatment for the temperatures of 400˚C during 2 hours promotes abrasive wearproofness of aluminium alloy on an order.

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46

Vera, María Laura, Mario Roberto Rosenberger, Carlos Enrique Schvezov, and Alicia Esther Ares. "Fabrication of TiO2Crystalline Coatings by Combining Ti-6Al-4V Anodic Oxidation and Heat Treatments." International Journal of Biomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/395657.

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Анотація:

The bio- and hemocompatibility of titanium alloys are due to the formation of a TiO2layer. This natural oxide may have fissures which are detrimental to its properties. Anodic oxidation is used to obtain thicker films. By means of this technique, at low voltages oxidation, amorphous and low roughness coatings are obtained, while, above a certain voltage, crystalline and porous coatings are obtained. According to the literature, the crystalline phases of TiO2, anatase, and rutile would present greater biocompatibility than the amorphous phase. On the other hand, for hemocompatible applications, smooth and homogeneous surfaces are required. One way to obtain crystalline and homogeneous coatings is by heat treatments after anodic oxidation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of heat treatments on the thickness, morphology, and crystalline structure of the TiO2anodic coatings. The characterization was performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray reflectometry. Coatings with different colors of interference were obtained. There were no significant changes in the surface morphology and roughness after heat treatment of 500°C. Heat treated coatings have different proportions of the crystalline phases, depending on the voltage of anodic oxidation and the temperature of the heat treatment.

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47

ITO, Seisiro, Yoshinori MORI, Shiro MANAKA, and Masami TANAKA. "Coloring of anodic oxide coatings on aluminum by the PVD method." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 38, no. 3 (1988): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.38.177.

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48

Kuznetsov, V. N., and I. V. Ivanova. "Degradation of white anodic-oxide coatings in UV irradiation in vacuum." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 64, no. 6 (November 1997): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02678867.

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49

Osipenko, M. A., D. S. Kharitonov, I. V. Makarova, V. I. Romanovsky, and I. I. Kurilo. "Corrosion Behavior of Modified Anodic Oxide Coatings on AD31 Aluminium Alloy." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 57, no. 3 (May 2021): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205121030175.

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50

Sikdar, Soumya, Pramod V. Menezes, Raven Maccione, Timo Jacob, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Process—Processing, Properties, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061375.

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a novel surface treatment process to produce thick, dense metal oxide coatings, especially on light metals, primarily to improve their wear and corrosion resistance. The coating manufactured from the PEO process is relatively superior to normal anodic oxidation. It is widely employed in the fields of mechanical, petrochemical, and biomedical industries, to name a few. Several investigations have been carried out to study the coating performance developed through the PEO process in the past. This review attempts to summarize and explain some of the fundamental aspects of the PEO process, mechanism of coating formation, the processing conditions that impact the process, the main characteristics of the process, the microstructures evolved in the coating, the mechanical and tribological properties of the coating, and the influence of environmental conditions on the coating process. Recently, the PEO process has also been employed to produce nanocomposite coatings by incorporating nanoparticles in the electrolyte. This review also narrates some of the recent developments in the field of nanocomposite coatings with examples and their applications. Additionally, some of the applications of the PEO coatings have been demonstrated. Moreover, the significance of the PEO process, its current trends, and its scope of future work are highlighted.

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