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1
Saengsikhiao, Piyanut, and Juntakan Taweekun. "The Data Mining Technique Using RapidMiner Software for New Zeotropic Refrigerant." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.83.1.7090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research presents the development of environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration systems that new azeotropic refrigerant mixture of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrocarbon that can retrofit in the refrigeration system using R404A. The medium back pressure refrigeration testing standard that follow CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standard air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration institute (AHRI) and The properties of refrigerants and refrigeration simulation system that used national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software. The methodology uses decision tree function in datamining by rapid minor software that first of KDnuggets annual software poll that showed new azeotropic refrigerant mixture had cooling capacity, refrigerant effect, GWP and boiling point were lower than R404A but work and pressure for medium temperature refrigeration system of azeotropic refrigerant mixture were higher than R404A. The artificial intelligence (AI) by data mining technic can predictive environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration. The result of refrigerant mixed by R134A, R32, R125 and R1270 and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs and HCs which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.
2
Martínez-Calahorro, Antonio Javier, Gabino Jiménez-Castillo, Catalina Rus-Casas, Pedro Gómez-Vidal, and Francisco José Muñoz-Rodríguez. "Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Industrial Cooling and Refrigeration." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The industrial sector has a great opportunity to reduce its energy costs through distributed generation. In this sense, the potential of photovoltaic self-consumption systems in the industrial cooling and refrigeration sector is shown. Two industries with photovoltaic self-consumption installations are shown and the electricity consumption profile of this type of industry which has a remarkable basal electricity consumption during daytime is analyzed. The matching between consumption and photovoltaic generation profiles is provided through the self-consumption and self-sufficiency curves considering different reporting periods (monthly and annual). Moreover, a new index is presented: self-sufficiency index for sunshine hours, φSS,SH. This index evaluates the performance of the photovoltaic self-consumption system when facing the consumption only during sunshine hours. This index may complement the self-sufficiency index and may improve the analysis of this type of systems in the industrial sector. Self-consumption indices of 90% may be provided. Moreover, self-sufficiency indices for total (24 h) and for sunshine hours of 25% and 50%, respectively, for industry A, and 26% and 45% for industry B have been obtained. During daytime, half the load consumption in this type of industry may be covered by photovoltaics while achieving high levels of use of the photovoltaic energy generated.
3
Stojiljkovic, Mirko, Bratislav Blagojevic, Goran Vuckovic, Marko Ignjatovic, and Dejan Mitrovic. "Optimization of operation of energy supply systems with co-generation and absorption refrigeration." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120503179s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Co-generation systems, together with absorption refrigeration and thermal storage, can result in substantial benefits from the economic, energy and environmental point of view. Optimization of operation of such systems is important as a component of the entire optimization process in pre-construction phases, but also for short-term energy production planning and system control. This paper proposes an approach for operational optimization of energy supply systems with small or medium scale co-generation, additional boilers and heat pumps, absorption and compression refrigeration, thermal energy storage and interconnection to the electric utility grid. In this case, the objective is to minimize annual costs related to the plant operation. The optimization problem is defined as mixed integer nonlinear and solved combining modern stochastic techniques: genetic algorithms and simulated annealing with linear programming using the object oriented ?ESO-MS? software solution for simulation and optimization of energy supply systems, developed as a part of this research. This approach is applied to optimize a hypothetical plant that might be used to supply a real residential settlement in Nis, Serbia. Results are compared to the ones obtained after transforming the problem to mixed 0-1 linear and applying the branch and bound method.
4
Radchenko, Mykola, Tadeusz Bohdal, Andrii Radchenko, Eugeniy Trushliakov, Veniamin Tkachenko, Oleksii Zielikov, and Felix Tzaran. "Alternative variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning systems with rational distribution of thermal load." E3S Web of Conferences 323 (2021): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132300028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most attractive reserves of enhancing the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems (ACS) is to provide operation of compressors in closed to nominal modes by choosing the rational design refrigeration capacities and their distribution according to current thermal loading to provide closed to maximum annual refrigeration energy generation. Generally, the overall thermal load band of any ACS comprises the unstable load range, corresponding to ambient air precooling with significant load fluctuations, and a comparatively stable load part for further air conditioning from a threshold temperature to a target value. The stable thermal load range can be covered by operation of conventional compressor in closed to nominal mode, meantime ambient air precooling needs load modulation by applying a variable speed compressor. A proposed ACS enables a wide range of refrigerant flow variation without heat flux drop in air coolers and can be considered as advanced alternative to variable refrigerant flow systems.
5
Akbari Kordlar, Mehri, Florian Heberle, and Dieter Brüggemann. "Evaluation and Optimization of the Annual Performance of a Novel Tri-Generation System Driven by Geothermal Brine in Off-Design Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The difference in heating or cooling to power ratio between required demands for district networks and the proposed tri-generation system is the most challenging issue of the system configuration and design. In this work, an adjustable, novel tri-generation system driven by geothermal resources is proposed to supply the thermal energies of a specific district network depending on ambient temperature in Germany. The tri-generation system is a combination of a modified absorption refrigeration cycle and a Kalina cycle using NH3-H2O mixture as a working fluid for the whole tri-generation system. A sensitive analysis of off-design conditions is carried out to study the effect of operational parameters on the system performances prior to optimizing its performance. The simulation show that the system is able to cover required heating and cooling demands. The optimization is applied considering the maximum exergy efficiency (scenario 1) and minimum total exergy destruction rate (scenario 2). The optimization results show that the maximum mean exergy efficiency in scenario 1 is achieved as 44.67% at the expense of 14.52% increase in the total exergy destruction rate in scenario 2. The minimum mean total exergy destruction rate in scenario 2 is calculated as 2980 kW at the expense of 8.32% decrease in the exergy efficiency in scenario 1.
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Sun, Xiaojing, Linlin Liu, Yu Zhuang, Lei Zhang, and Jian Du. "Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis Integrated with Compression–Absorption Cascade Refrigeration System." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Compression–absorption cascade refrigeration system (CACRS) is the extension of absorption refrigeration system, which can be utilized to recover excess heat of heat exchanger networks (HENs) and compensate refrigeration demand. In this work, a stage-wise superstructure is presented to integrate the generation and evaporation processes of CACRS within HEN, where the generator is driven by hot process streams, and the evaporation processes provide cooling energy to HEN. Considering that the operating condition of CACRS has significant effect on the coefficient of performance (COP) of CACRS and so do the structure of HEN, CACRS and HEN are considered as a whole system in this study, where the operating condition and performance of CACRS and the structure of HEN are optimized simultaneously. The quantitative relationship between COP and operating variables of CACRS is determined by process simulation and data fitting. To accomplish the optimal design purpose, a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is formulated according to the proposed superstructure, with the objective of minimizing total annual cost (TAC). At last, two case studies are presented to demonstrate that desired HEN can be achieved by applying the proposed method, and the results show that the integrated HEN-CACRS system is capable to utilize energy reasonably and reduce the total annualized cost by 38.6% and 37.9% respectively since it could recover waste heat from hot process stream to produce the cooling energy required by the system.
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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Микола Іванович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко. "ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ПОВІТРЯ СИСТЕМИ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ТИПУ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (31 серпня 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.4.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most attractive reserves of enhancing the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems is to provide the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by choosing rational design cooling loads (cooling capacities) and their distribution according to a cooling load behaviour within the overall design (installed) cooling load band to match current changeable climatic conditions and provide close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation according to cooling duties. The direction of increasing the efficiency of outdoor air conditioning in combined central-local type systems by rationally distributing the heat load - cooling capacity of the central air conditioner into zones of variable heat load in accordance with current climatic conditions and its relatively stable value, i.e. cooling capacity required for further air cooling at the entrance to the indoor recirculation air conditioning system is justified. By comparing the values of the excessive production of cold and its deficit within every 3 days for a rational design heat load of the air conditioning system (cooling capacity of the installed refrigeration machine), which provides close to maximum annual production of cold, and the corresponding values of the excess and deficit of cooling capacity in accordance with current climatic conditions during July substantiated the feasibility of accumulating the excess of cooling capacity of a central air conditioner at low current loads and its use for covering cooling deficit at elevated heat loads through pre-cooling the outdoor air. It is developed a scheme of a combined central-local air conditioning system, which includes the subsystems for the outdoor air conditioning in a central air conditioner and the local indoor recirculated air conditioning.
8
Sztekler, Karol, Wojciech Kalawa, Wojciech Nowak, Sebastian Stefański, Jarosław Krzywański, Karolina Grabowska, and Łukasz Mika. "Possibility of use adsorption chillers for increase efficiency in conventional power plant." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long-term forecasts indicate that the annual increases in electricity demand by 2030 will be approx. 2 ÷ 3% a year. At present, 40% of the world's electricity is produced using coal-fired power plants. Forecasts indicate that coal will still be the predominant fuel used to produce electricity and thus any actions aimed at increasing the efficiency of electricity production are purposeful. Enormous amounts of waste heat, which is not sufficiently used, are released during the process of electricity production. One of the ways to manage it is to use refrigeration systems based on adsorption chillers which would use waste heat to generate cold that would be employed for air-conditioning or process purposes. In this paper, the cycle of a conventional coal-fired power plant was modelled and then the possibilities of using waste heat for generation of cold as well as the impact of a chiller on the operation of a power unit were analysed using IPSEpro software.
9
Yang, Guang, Yanpeng Fu, Minghui Yan, and Jing Zhang. "Exploring the distribution of energy consumption in a northeast Chinese city based on local climate zone scheme: Shenyang city as a case study." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (September 2020): 2079–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720950465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The local climate zone (LCZ) scheme is now used to investigate urban heat islands, which provides additional reference for energy consumption simulation. Based on the LCZ scheme, a LCZ mapping of Shenyang, a city in northeast China, was first constructed using the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) Level 0 method. Subsequently, DeST-h was considered to simulate the energy consumption of urban buildings with concentration areas. The results show that with Shenyang being a severely cold area, the annual energy consumption of heating is approximately twice that of refrigeration for an individual building. The total energy consumption of open-distributed single buildings is higher than that of compact-distributed single buildings. Consequently, the unit cumulative energy consumption in compact-distributed buildings is higher than that in openly distributed building areas. The compact high-rise buildings (LCZ 1) have the highest energy consumption, with a unit annual energy consumption of 123,771.150 MW·h, which is equivalent to 41,257 tons of standard coal combustion power generation. Considering the energy consumption of residential buildings, the central high-rise buildings group and the compact centralized middle-rise buildings in the downtown area are high energy consumption areas. For future urban planning, design strategies such as energy-saving transformation and energy planning should be considered. The research results can provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for reducing building energy consumption, alleviating the urban heat island effect, and the development of modern urban planning.
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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Микола Іванович Радченко, Сергій Георгійович Фордуй, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор та Богдан Сергійович Портной. "МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ ЗА ЗМІННИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 7 (31 серпня 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.7.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most attractive reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems is to ensure the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close to nominal modes by selecting a rational design heat load and distributing it within its design value according to the behavior of the current heat load under variable current climatic conditions to provide the maximum or close to maximum annual cooling capacity generation according to cooling duties of air conditioning. In the general case, the overall range of current thermal loads of any air conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads associated with the precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in cooling capacity according with current climatic conditions, and a relatively stable range of cooling capacity consumed to further reduce air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet temperature. It is quite obvious that a stable range of heat load can be ensured within operating a conventional compressor in a mode close to the nominal mode while precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in heat load requires regulation of the cooling capacity through the use of a variable speed compressor. Thus, in response of the behavior of the change in current heat loads, any air conditioning system, whether the central air-conditioning system with its heat procession in a central air conditioner, or a combination thereof with a local recirculation system of indoor air, essentially consists of two subsystems: pre-cooling the ambient air and then cooling it to the set point temperature. The proposed method of distribution of design heat load depending on the behavior of the current heat load is useful for the rational design of central air conditioning systems and their combined versions with the local air conditioning system.
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Shelgunov, A. V. "Comparative analysis of stand-alone co-generation and tri-generation energy centres." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-129-140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: presently, versatile stand-alone sources of electric energy serve as vehicles used to solve the problem of electric energy delivery to remote customers and to reduce substantial energy losses in the process of its delivery. The main principles underlying energy centres encompass generation, co-generation, and tri-generation.Methods: the author has performed a comparative analysis of the energy centres in operation on different principles. As for electric energy generation, the author has analyzed gas-reciprocating units consuming natural gas as the most economical fuel. The process of electric energy and heat co-generation is exemplified by four types of co-generators. The analysis of energy centres that comprise tri-generators consuming thermal energy, generated by the co-generator to produce cooled water (cold), is based on research into vapour compression refrigerating machines, consuming electric energy, and absorption refrigerating machines, consuming thermal energy. The comparative analysis of performance efficiency demonstrated by versatile energy centres (a co-generation gasreciprocating unit and a tri-generation energy centre, having an absorption refrigerating machine) is based on an annual energy consumption chart of a shopping centre located in central Russia.Results and discussion: the author has identified the strengths and weaknesses of energy generators, using different principles of energy generation; the author has analyzed their process charts and identified their application areas.Conclusion: the author stresses the importance of analytics and comparisons to be applied as part of the energy equipment selection procedure to assure high-quality operation of energy consumers.
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Pokhrel, Sajjan, Ali Fahrettin Kuyuk, Hosein Kalantari, and Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh. "Techno-Economic Trade-Off between Battery Storage and Ice Thermal Energy Storage for Application in Renewable Mine Cooling System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 6022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper performs a techno-economic assessment in deploying solar photovoltaics to provide energy to a refrigeration machine for a remote underground mine. As shallow deposits are rapidly depleting, underground mines are growing deeper to reach resources situated at greater depths. This creates an immense challenge in air-conditioning as the heat emissions to mine ambient increases substantially as mines reach to deeper levels. A system-level design analysis is performed to couple PV with a refrigeration plant capable of generating 200 tonne of ice per day to help to mitigate this issue. Generated ice can directly be used in cooling deep underground mines via different types of direct heat exchangers. State-of-the-art technology is used in developing the model which aims to decrease the size and cost of a conventional refrigeration system run on a diesel generator. Costs associated with deploying a solar system are computed as per the recent market value. Energy savings, carbon emissions reduction, and net annual savings in employing the system are quantified and compared to a diesel-only scenario. In addition, two different energy storage strategies: an ice storage system and a battery storage system, are compared. A detailed economic analysis is performed over the life of the project to obtain the net cash flow diagram, payback period, and cumulative savings for both systems. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is proposed to highlight the effect of solar intensity on solar system size and the area required for installment. The study suggests that the use of solar PV in mine refrigeration applications is technically feasible and economically viable depending on the sun-peak hours of the mine location. Additionally, the economics of deploying an ice storage system compared to the battery storage system has a better payback period and more cumulative savings.
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Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко, Сергій Георгійович Фордуй та Ян Зонмін. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРОЕКТНОЇ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ В КОНКРЕТНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ І РІЗНИМИ МЕТОДАМИ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 6 (24 грудня 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.6.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cold output for the heat-moisture treatment of ambient air in air conditioning systems depends on its parameters (temperature and relative humidity), which vary significantly during operation. To determine the installed (design) cooling capacity of air conditioning system chillers, it is proposed to use a reduction in fuel consumption of a power plant or cooling capacity generation following its current conditioning spending over a certain period, since both of these indicators characterize the efficiency of using the installed cooling capacities of the air conditioning system. To extend the results of the investigation to a wide range of air conditioning units, two methods were used to determine the design cooling capacity (refrigerating capacity): by the maximum annual value and by the maximum growth rate of the efficiency indicator. The first method allows choosing the design cooling capacity, which provides a maximum annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption due to air cooling or maximum cooling capacity generation, which is necessary for air cooling following current climatic conditions. The second method allows determining the minimum design (installed) cooling capacity of chillers, which provides the maximum rate of reduction in fuel consumption by the power plant and the increment in the annual cooling capacity generation following the installed cooling capacity of chillers. The efficiency of air conditioning systems was analyzed for different climatic conditions: a temperate climate using the example of Voznesensk city (Ukraine) and the subtropical climate of Nanjing city (China). It is shown that the design cooling capacity values calculated by both indicators of its use efficiency are the same for the same climatic conditions. Wherein, if to determine the design cooling capacity by both methods - by the maximum annual value and the maximum rate of growth of the indicator, its values turned out to be quite close for tropical climatic conditions and somewhat different for a temperate climate.
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Ayou, Dereje S., and Valerie Eveloy. "Integration of Municipal Air-Conditioning, Power, and Gas Supplies Using an LNG Cold Exergy-Assisted Kalina Cycle System." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 4599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Kalina cycle-based integration concept of municipal air-conditioning, electricity and gas is investigated thermodynamically, economically, and environmentally to reduce the carbon intensity of these supplies, with attention to hot climatic conditions. The proposed poly-generation system is driven by low-grade renewable or surplus heat, and utilizes waste exergy from liquefied natural gas vaporization for refrigeration and power augmentation. At nominal conditions (130 °C driving heat), approximately 561 and 151 kJ of refrigeration and useful power per kg of liquefied natural gas regasified are generated by the proposed system, respectively, at effective first-law and exergetic efficiencies of 33% and 35%, respectively. The Kalina sub-system condenser cryogenic heat rejection condition is found to triple the system useful electrical output compared with high ambient temperature condenser heat sinking conditions. Per million ton per annum of liquefied natural gas vaporization capacity, yearly net power savings of approximately 74 GWhe could be achieved compared to standard air-conditioning, electricity, and gas supply systems, resulting in 11.1 kton of natural gas saved and 30.4 kton of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions avoided annually. The yearly net monetary savings would range from 0.9 to 4.7 million USD per million ton per annum of liquefied natural gas regasified at local subsidized and international electricity market prices, respectively, with corresponding payback periods of 1.7 and 2.5 years, respectively.
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Mokheimer, Esmail M. A., and Yousef N. Dabwan. "Performance Analysis of Integrated Solar Tower With a Conventional Heat and Power Co-Generation Plant." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 141, no. 2 (September 26, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4041409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the results of a thermo-economic analysis of integrating solar tower (ST) with heat and power cogeneration plants that is progressively being installed to produce heat and electricity to operate absorption refrigeration systems or steam for industrial processes. The annual performance of an integrated solar-tower gas-turbine-cogeneration power plant (ISTGCPP) with different sizes of gas turbine and solar collector's area have been examined and presented. Thermoflex + PEACE software's were used to thermodynamically and economically assess different integration configurations of the ISTGCPP. The optimal integrated solar field size has been identified and the pertinent reduction in CO2 emissions due to integrating the ST system is estimated. For the considered cogeneration plant (that is required to produce 81.44 kg/s of steam at 394 °C and 45.88 bars), the study revealed that (ISTGCPP) with gas turbine of electric power generation capacity less than 50 MWe capacities have more economic feasibility for integrating solar energy. The levelized electricity cost (LEC) for the (ISTGCPP) varied between $0.067 and $0.069/kWh for gas turbine of electric power generation capacity less than 50 MWe. Moreover, the study demonstrated that (ISTGCPP) has more economic feasibility than a stand-alone ST power plant; the LEC for ISTGCPP is reduced by 50–60% relative to the stand-alone ST power plant. Moreover, a conceptual procedure to identify the optimal configuration of the ISTGCPP has been developed and presented in this paper.
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Sorbet, Fco Javier, Carlos Fernandez-Peruchena, Fritz Zaversky, Walid Chakroun, Sorour A. Alotaibi, Mansour Ahmed, Marcelino Sanchez, and Javier García-Barberena. "Performance Assessment of Seawater, Wet and Dry Cooling in a 50-MW Parabolic Trough Collectors Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Kuwait." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 144, no. 4 (February 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4053623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Kuwait is a country with great potential for concentrated solar power (CSP) due to its high solar resource. The current work analyzes the potential of the application of CSP technology in the country and its particularities. Specifically, the current work examines a CSP plant with parabolic trough collector (PTC) technology and how this technology is affected in its performance depending on the location (inland or coastal) and the refrigeration system (wet, dry, or seawater cooled). The modeling methodology is based on a two-step approach: first, the Rankine steam power cycle is modeled in detail in a state-of-the-art steady-state simulation environment, obtaining the performance of the power cycle for each cooling technology; second, the power cycle performance maps are integrated into a detailed transient system-level simulation model of the complete CSP plant in order to perform annual yield simulations for the different representative locations of the climate of Kuwait. These results provide valuable information on both the potential of this technology for its more immediate application such as electricity generation and other future applications such as the desalination of seawater where the location must necessarily be coastal.