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Rufino, Mariana C. "The value of animal-sourced foods." Nature Food 1, no. 6 (June 2020): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0101-2.
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Headey, Derek, Kalle Hirvonen, and John Hoddinott. "Animal Sourced Foods and Child Stunting." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100, no. 5 (July 31, 2018): 1302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay053.
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Balehegn, Mulubrhan, Zeleke Mekuriaw, Laurie Miller, Sarah Mckune, and Adegbola T. Adesogan. "Animal-sourced foods for improved cognitive development." Animal Frontiers 9, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfz039.
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Thoma, Greg, and Daesoo Kim. "69 Animal Sourced Foods Role in Sustainable Nutrition." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Amid growing concern regarding the food system are calls to reduce or eliminate animal sourced foods (ASF) from human diets. Despite the green revolution and consequent increase in crop yields, nutrient deficiencies are still problematic, particularly in developing regions. In the US, ASF provide 24% of energy, 48% of protein, approximately 50% of the essential amino acids and essential fatty acids as well as the micronutrients (White and Hall, 2017). This presentation introduces a framework for evaluation and discusses remaining knowledge gaps regarding the role of ASF in sustainable food systems that provide nutritious diets. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) was used to provide an accounting of environmental and sustainability characteristics of food production systems. LCA has an explicit goal the identification of tradeoffs between stages in the supply chain and tradeoffs across environmental dimensions. In a published study (Kim et al., 2020) using a hybrid lifecycle assessment technique, it was shown that while vegetarian diets resulted in lower environmental impacts across several environmental categories, that the US non-vegetarian recommended dietary guidelines led to increases for many categories. This is driven by the increased consumption of less calorically dense foods and changes in the patterns of food loss and waste. Ongoing studies of US beef production systems are providing insight into factors behind the variability in sustainability driven by practice and location. One management practice receiving attention is Adaptively Managed Paddocks (AMP). Sequestration estimates were combined with process model simulations of cow calf finishing operations. One system used conventional grain finishing and the other used grass finishing. The potential mitigation of GHG emissions from the potential sequestration is significant. Complete assessment of the role of ASF in healthy diets from sustainable food systems requires a full understanding of the benefits and costs of alternatives and informed decisions based on understanding of tradeoffs.
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Davis, Teresa A. "68 Nutritional Importance of Animal-Sourced Foods in a Healthy Diet." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.058.
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Abstract Animal-sourced foods are nutrient-dense foods that provide substantial amounts of high-quality protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that are challenging to obtain solely through the consumption of plant-based foods. Numerous studies have documented that animal-sourced foods provide crucial nutrients that support the growth and development of children, maintenance of muscle mass in adults, and mitigation of sarcopenia in the elderly. Animal-sourced foods also can play an important role in weight management, prevention of anemia, and promotion of muscle mass and strength in exercising individuals. Although some epidemiological or observational studies have raised concerns that animal-sourced foods may increase the risk for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, other epidemiological and clinical studies do not support these assertions. The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, published by the United States Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services, support the role of animal-sourced foods in the diet at every stage of life. Lean meat is a high-quality protein source that is nutrient dense and low in calories and thus, plays an important role in a healthy diet.
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Xing, Li, Tao Lin, Xiongzhi Xue, Jiakun Liu, Meixia Lin, and Yu Zhao. "Urban Metabolism of Food-Sourced Nitrogen among Different Income Households: A Case Study Based on Large Sample Survey in Xiamen City, China." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112842.
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Food consumption is fundamental for urban households if they are to sustain production and daily life. Nitrogen resulting from food consumption has significantly contributed to pollutant emissions in urban ecosystems. Taking Xiamen city, a rapid urbanizing area of southeast China as a case study, we evaluated the food-sourced nitrogen consumption of households based on a large simple onsite questionnaire survey, as well as differences between households in the consumption of plant-based and animal-based foods. A material flow analysis (MFA) was conducted to simulate the urban metabolism of food-sourced nitrogen and environmental emissions among different income groups. The impacts of household attributes, plant-based food consumption, and animal-based food consumption on environmental nitrogen emissions were examined with a structural equation model (SEM). Our results show that the surveyed households’ diets were more plant-based and less animal-based. Aquatic products and livestock were the source of 43.7% of food-sourced nitrogen, and 84.5% of the food-sourced nitrogen was discharge into the environment through direct discharge and waste treatment. Soil, water, and air emissions accounted for 62.8%, 30.1%, and 7.1% of the food-sourced nitrogen, respectively. Household income, household size, and household area are all associated with accelerating increases of nitrogen emissions released into the environment, though middle-income group households have the highest food-sourced environmental nitrogen emissions. On this basis, we discuss how to better manage the urban metabolism of food-sourced nitrogen, so as to improve urban household consumption, lower nitrogen emissions, and improve food security.
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Tamim Rahman, Kazi, Md Ruhul Amin, and M. Salauddin Palash. "Demand for Selected Animal Sourced Protein Food Items in United States." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0056.
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AbstractConsumers’ preference for food is ever-changing from carbohydrate to protein since protein plays a vital role in the balanced and healthy growth of human being. Among different sources of protein, animal sourced protein foods are getting popularity over time in United States. How demand for animal sourced protein food items are changing, and to be specific which animal food items are preferred by consumers are necessary to know both for producers and suppliers. This study estimates consumer demand for animal sourced food items in U.S. employing linear approximation of AIDS (LA-AIDS) model. Monthly per capita consumption expenditure data on aggregate and disaggregate animal protein items and price indices at national level from 1995 to 2016 have been collected from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of United States. The data consists of monthly per capita consumption expenditure on beef and veal, pork, other meats, poultry, and fish and seafood, and their price indices. The result shows exogenous growth in the budget share of all meat items. Estimated expenditure and cross price elasticities suggest that all goods are normal in nature and substitute to each other. In addition, weak separability test suggests that meat items are separable from non-meat items. The findings of the study would be helpful understanding consumer preferences and behavior for allocating budget among different sources of animal protein.
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White, Robin R. "66 Environmental Impacts of Animal-Sourced Foods: Historical Trends and Future Opportunities." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.056.
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Abstract There is considerable debate within the scientific literature surrounding the role of animal-source foods (ASF) in sustainable food systems. Much of that debate centers on the environmental impacts of ASF. Although exact values vary with geographical location, data source, temporal focus, production strategies, and other factors, it is without doubt that ASF contribute notably to the environmental impacts of agriculture systems. The contributions of animal agriculture to environmental impacts globally has been used repeatedly as justification to downscale or eliminate consumption of ASF; however, this logic is predicated on the assumption that omission of livestock from the food production system would result in impact reductions proportional to current contributions. Simulations of the potential impacts of animal agricultural removal from the U.S. suggest this assumption may not hold. As such, there is a need to better understand the nature of ASF environmental impacts, to explore scenarios intermediate to current production practices and wholescale omission of ASF, and to prioritize potential strategies to address the societal challenges presented by the environmental impacts of ASF. These objectives of this work are to: 1) review the importance of critical context clarifications when discussing the environmental impacts of ASF; 2) explore the historical changes in the environmental impacts of ASF; and 3) highlight emerging areas of opportunity to enhance the environmental impacts of ASF. When considering the impact of ASF it is critical to contextualize discussions within geographical, temporal, and production-relevant scopes as relative impacts and conclusions drawn vary dramatically across different levels of these factors. Within the context of historical, U.S. agricultural systems, industry consolidation and productivity enhancement has contributed to notable improvements in the environmental footprints of ASF; however, absolute emissions in some industries are constant or increasing with time. Future efforts to enhance environmental impact should focus on productivity enhancement and direct impact mitigation to simultaneously address environmental footprints and absolute impacts.
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Adesogan, Adegbola T. "67 Importance of Animal-Sourced Foods and Barriers to Their Adoption Globally." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.057.
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Abstract Globally, over 200 million children experience physical and mental underdevelopment due to a variety of reasons, particularly inadequate nutrition. In low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), hidden hunger, a condition in which diets are deficient in micronutrients essential for physical and mental development, is a common problem. Compared to plant-source foods, animal-source foods (ASF) contain higher quality and more bioavailable forms of several essential micronutrients as well as essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher quality protein. Due to the critical role these macro and micronutrients play in children's cognitive and physical development, ASF should be a vital component of their diets. Studies have demonstrated compelling evidence on the potential of ASF consumption by infants, children, pregnant, and lactating women to aid cognitive development of children. However, the evidence, is not conclusive, as some studies, especially those with confounding factors, showed no positive relationship between ASF consumption and cognitive development. Due to logistical, methodological and ethical difficulties, most studies that examined the effect of ASF on cognitive development are retrospective observational studies that do not enable effective separation of confounding factors. Producing conclusive evidence that can influence nutrition policy and guidelines will require large-scale, controlled interventional studies, preferably across countries or cultures. Unfortunately, per capita consumption of ASF, especially by infants, children, and mothers, in LMIC is very low compared to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. This is due to multiple and complex factors. First, there is the issue of unaffordability, which is due to a large extent to the low livestock productivity among smallholders who are the main livestock producers in LMIC. Even when ASF is affordable, there are many socio-economic, cultural, and religious barriers that limit ASF consumption by children and women. To prevent cognitive impairment among children in LMIC, concerted multisectoral approaches are needed. These should aim to improve livestock productivity in LMIC, generate robust policy-influencing evidence about their dietary importance and raise awareness about the value of ASF in the diet.
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Forero-Cantor, Germán, Javier Ribal, and Neus Sanjuán. "Levying carbon footprint taxes on animal-sourced foods. A case study in Spain." Journal of Cleaner Production 243 (January 2020): 118668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118668.
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Chungchunlam, Sylvia M. S., Paul J. Moughan, Daniel P. Garrick, and Adam Drewnowski. "Animal-sourced foods are required for minimum-cost nutritionally adequate food patterns for the United States." Nature Food 1, no. 6 (June 2020): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0096-8.
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Zaharia, Sonia, Shibani Ghosh, Robin Shrestha, Swetha Manohar, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Bernard Bashaasha, Nassul Kabunga, et al. "Sustained intake of animal-sourced foods is associated with less stunting in young children." Nature Food 2, no. 4 (April 2021): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00259-z.
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Ludwig-Borycz, Elizabeth, Heidi Guyer, Abeer Aljahdali, and Ana Baylin. "Organic Food Consumption Is Associated with Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Older Adults in the USA." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa068_014.
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Abstract Objectives To explore the association between organic food consumption and inflammatory biomarkers, c-reactive protein (CRP) and cystatin C (CysC). Methods This analysis uses data from the nationally representative, longitudinal panel study of Americans over 50, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The mean age of the analytic sample (n = 3623) was 64.3 (SE 0.3) years old with just over half (54.3%) being female. Dietary data was collected in 2013 from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) as well as questions on organic food consumption in the past year. Biomarkers CRP and CysC were collected in blood serum or plasma in 2016. The Alternative Mediterranean diet score (A-MedDiet) was created using the FFQ to assess the quality of study participants' overall diet. Crude and adjusted linear regression models were constructed to assess the association between consumption of organic foods and log-transformed CRP and CysC, accounting for the complex sample design. Results Log CRP and log CysC were both inversely associated with consuming organic food after adjusting for potential confounders (CRP: β = −0.082; P-value = 0.0284; CysC: β = −0.042; P-value < 0.0001). Additional adjustments for the A-MedDiet attenuated the results. Log CysC remained statistically significant [β = −0.028; P-value < 0.0064] with consumption of organic animal sourced foods driving the association: milk [β = −0.034; P-value = 0.0098], eggs [β = −0.025; P-value = 0.0494], and meat [β = −0.032; P-value = 0.0061]. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that organic food consumption is inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation CRP and CysC. The results suggest that organic food may be a potential protective factor in chronic disease, particularly in regard to consumption of animal-sourced foods. Funding Sources HRS is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging, and is conducted by the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
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Wynn Mitscherlich, Christopher C., Vera-Magdalena Voss, Muhammad Azher Bhatti, Lars Olav Eik, Karl Behrendt, and Peter C. Wynn. "Balancing international trade and local production for food and nutrition security: animal-sourced foods’ contribution to human welfare." Animal Frontiers 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab058.
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Sodagari, Hamid Reza, Penghao Wang, Ian Robertson, Ihab Habib, and Shafi Sahibzada. "Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human-Food-of-Animal-Origin Interface in Australia." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071192.
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Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen that plays a significant role in foodborne human salmonellosis worldwide through the consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin. Despite a considerable reduction in human salmonellosis outbreaks in developed countries, Australia is experiencing a continuous rise of such outbreaks in humans. This review of the literature highlights the reported non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in humans as well as the occurrence of the pathogen in foods from animal sources throughout Australia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections from food animals are more often associated with at-risk people, such as immunocompromised and aged people or children. Although several animal-sourced foods were recognised as the catalysts for salmonellosis outbreaks in Australia, egg and egg-based products remained the most implicated foods in the reported outbreaks. This review further highlights the antimicrobial resistance trends of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates at the human–food interface, with a focus on clinically important antimicrobials in humans, by collating evidence from previous investigations in Australia. The rise in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, especially to antimicrobials commonly prescribed to treat human salmonellosis, has become a significant global public health concern. However, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Australia is considerably lower than in other parts of the world, particularly in terms of critically important antimicrobials for the treatment of human salmonellosis. The present review adds to our understanding of the global epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella with emphasis on the past few decades in Australia.
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Franklin, Adrian. "Human-Nonhuman Animal Relationships in Australia: An Overview of Results from the First National Survey and Follow-up Case Studies 2000-2004." Society & Animals 15, no. 1 (2007): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x169315.
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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of results from an Australian Research Council-funded project "Sentiments and Risks: The Changing Nature of Human-Animal Relations in Australia." The data discussed come from a survey of 2000 representative Australians at the capital city, state, and rural regional level. It provides both a snapshot of the state of involvement of Australians with nonhuman animals and their views on critical issues: ethics, rights, animals as food, risk from animals, native versus introduced animals, hunting, fishing, and companionate relations with animals. Its data point to key trends and change. The changing position of animals in Australian society is critical to understand, given its historic export markets in meat and livestock, emerging tourism industry with its strong wildlife focus, native animals' place in discourses of nation, and the centrality of animal foods in the national diet. New anxieties about risk from animal-sourced foods and the endangerment of native animals from development and introduced species, together with tensions between animals' rights and the privileging of native species, contribute to the growth of a strongly contested animal politics in Australia.
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Wu, Guoyao. "136 Beef as a Functional Food for Improving Human Nutrition and Health." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.128.
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Abstract Beef is an abundant source of all proteinogenic amino acids (AAs; in both adequate amounts and balanced ratios) and physiologically essential nonproteinogenic AAs (taurine and β-alanine). The content and bioavailabilities of proteinogenic AAs in beef are greater than those in plant-sourced foods. Taurine (a potent anti-oxidant) is essential for the integrity and functions of tissues, including eyes, heart, and skeletal muscle, whereas β-alanine is required for the production of antioxidative and neuromodulatory dipeptides. Furthermore, beef contains a large amount of creatine (essential for energy metabolism in tissues, particularly brain and skeletal muscle), anti-oxidative dipeptides (carnosine and anserine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an anti-inflammatory nutrient that maintains intestinal integrity and inhibits colitis). There are myths that plants provide all nutrients that are available in animal-sourced foods. However, taurine, vitamin B12, creatine, carnosine, and anserine are absent from plants, whereas β-alanine and 4-hydroxyproline are low or negligible in plants. Like other animal-sourced foods, beef plays an important role in the optimum growth of children and the prevention of anemia in humans, as well as maintaining muscle mass, delaying ageing, and mitigating sarcopenia in adults, while meeting the high demands of exercising individuals for high-quality protein. Some epidemiological studies raised concern that the consumption of red meat might increase risks for chronic diseases in humans, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancers. However, findings from many epidemiological and clinical studies do not support these claims. Beef-derived AAs and other nutrients enhance the metabolism (e.g., nitric-oxide and glutathione syntheses) and the functions of monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cells of the immune system, thereby helping the human host to kill pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The latter include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Therefore, beef is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development, and health.
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Vergeer, Laura, Lana Vanderlee, Christine M. White, Vicki L. Rynard, and David Hammond. "Vegetarianism and other eating practices among youth and young adults in major Canadian cities." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900288x.
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AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of youth and young adults in major Canadian cities with self-reported vegetarian dietary practices and examine efforts to alter their diets.Design:Data were collected in autumn 2016 via web-based surveys. Respondents reported vegetarian dietary practices (vegan, vegetarian or pescatarian) and efforts in the preceding year to consume more or less of several nutrients, food groups and/or foods with particular attributes. Logistic regression models examined sociodemographic correlates of each vegetarian dietary practice and differences in other eating practices by diet type.Setting:Participants were recruited from five major Canadian cities.Participants:Youth and young adults, aged 16–30 years (n 2566).Results:Overall, 13·6 % of respondents reported vegetarian dietary practices: 6·6 % vegetarian, 4·5 % pescatarian and 2·5 % vegan. Sex, race/ethnicity, self-reported frequency of using the Nutrition Facts table and health literacy were significantly correlated with self-reported vegetarian dietary practice (P < 0·01 for all). Efforts to consume more fruits and vegetables (66·8 %) and protein (54·8 %), and less sugar (61·3 %) and processed foods (54·7 %), were prevalent overall. Respondents with vegetarian dietary practices were more likely to report efforts to consume fewer carbohydrates and animal products, and more organic, locally produced, ethically sourced/sustainably sourced/fair trade and non-GM foods (P < 0·01 for all), compared with those without these reported dietary practices.Conclusions:Nearly 14 % of the sampled youth and young adults in major Canadian cities reported vegetarian dietary practices and may be especially likely to value and engage in behaviours related to health-conscious diets and sustainable food production.
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Habib, Ihab, Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed, and Mushtaq Khan. "Current State of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review." Foods 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102369.
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Foodborne infections caused by bacterial pathogens are a common cause of human illness in the Middle East, with a substantial burden of economic loss and public health consequences. This review aims at elucidating recent literature on the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogens in the food chain in the Arab countries, and to consolidate available evidence on the public health burden and the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the concerned three pathogens. The reviewed evidence points to a scarcity of understanding of the magnitude of NTS in the food chain in the Arab countries. Additionally, not much work has been done at the molecular characterization level to address the source-attribution of NTS in the Arab World. Very few surveys have been done on Campylobacter in the food chain in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. There is a gap in quantitative (counts/numbers) surveillance efforts for Campylobacter in the chicken meat supply across all Arab countries, despite the availability of some qualitative (presence/absence) surveillance data. While there are several reports on L. monocytogenes in animal-sourced foods, notably in North African Arab countries, fewer are published on L. monocytogenes in plant-sourced foods. Information on the L. monocytogenes serotypes and strain diversity circulating in the Arab region is widely lacking. Antibiotic resistance in the three pathogens is not fully understood across the Arab region, despite some reports indicating varying trends at the human–food interface. The literature evidence presented in this review stresses that Salmonella, Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes continue to challenge food safety and public health in the Arab countries.
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Adegboye, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim. "Potential Use of Edible Insects in Complementary Foods for Children: A Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084756.
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Background: Childhood malnutrition is an important public health problem. Animal protein provides essential amino acids in a more adequate pattern than plant-based protein. However, the production of sufficient animal-sourced protein to feed the growing world population is a serious challenge. This review aims to explore the evidence on the use of edible insects as an alternative source of protein and micronutrients in complementary foods for children and their potential to address childhood malnutrition. Methods: Searches were conducted in two electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane. The reference lists of included studies were also searched. Results: Twelve studies were included in this review. All insect-enriched formulations (e.g., biscuits, cereals, porridge, paste, etc.) exceeded the daily recommended amount of protein and fat for children’s complementary foods and showed good acceptability. Only two studies assessed the efficacy of insect-enriched foods on nutritional indicators and found no effect on the reduction of stunting and wasting. However, one study found improvements in the haemoglobin levels and fewer cases of anaemia in the intervention group. Conclusions: Insect-enriched complementary foods for children are safe, acceptable and have the potential to tackle micronutrient deficiencies. More studies are needed to examine their effect on nutritional status in children.
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Gerber, Suzannah, and William Masters. "Nutrient Composition of Plant-Based Substitutes for Animal-Sourced Foods: Evidence From Packaged and Processed Meats in 30 Countries." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.013.
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Abstract Objectives To compare the nutrient composition of plant-based (PB) to animal-sourced (AS) items sold in 30 countries, and identify associated changes in national nutrient supply. Methods Using Euromonitor data from 30 countries for 2015–2021 we identified the main items contributing to PB and AS processed meat sales, and used their nutrient composition (calories, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, fiber, sugar, protein, and sodium) to quantify the impacts of change in sales on the nutrient density of sales in each country and in total. Results Since 2014 total calories from PB meat rose a total of 3.1%/yr to 9.9 million kcal in 2021, in contrast to sales of AS processed meat which rose by about 1%/yr to 30.6 million kcal. In 2021, the energy in AS processed meat was 59% fat (22% kcal from saturated fats), 28% protein and 10% carbohydrates (3% kcal from sugar), with 0.21 g fiber, and 1.07 g sodium per 100 kcal. In comparison, energy in PB meats sold in 2021 was 41% fat (8% kcal from saturated fat), 31% protein and 13% carbohydrate (2% kcal from sugar), 2.17 g fiber and 0.56 g sodium per 100 kcal. The average annual changes in sugar were + 11% in AS and −4.1% in PB; sodium + 4% in PB and −1% in AS; and saturated fat + 12.6% in PB and −0.2% in AS. Conclusions Isocaloric substitution of PB meat for AS processed meats would lower density by 14% for saturated fats and 18% for total fats, while raising density by 3% for both protein and carbohydrates, raising fiber intake by 1.99 g/100 kcal, and lowering sodium intake by 0.51 g/100 kcal. Differences between items, and reformulation over time of both AS and PB products would affect these results and may explain observed changes in this period. On average since 2015, the rise of PB meats has led to healthier food composition of the processed meats category regarding these nutrients of concern. Overall, PB alternatives have a preferential nutritional profile to AS processed meat. Funding Sources NIFA National Needs Fellowship.
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Jarmul, Stephanie, Zara Liew, Andrew Haines, and Pauline Scheelbeek. "Climate change mitigation in food systems: the environmental and health impacts of shifting towards sustainable diets, a systematic review protocol." Wellcome Open Research 4 (December 17, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15618.1.
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Food systems contribute greatly to global climate change due to their substantial contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and resource allocation. In addition, current food systems fail to deliver healthy and sustainable foods for all, with obesity as well as undernourishment remaining a pertinent global issue. Mounting pressures such as population growth and urbanisation urge rapid and transformational adaptations in food systems to sustainably feed a growing population. Sustainable diets have been promoted as a potential climate change mitigation strategy, and are characterized by high plant based foods and reduced animal-sourced and processed foods. While the evidence base on the potential health and environmental impacts of shifts towards sustainable diets has been growing rapidly over the past decade, there has been no recent synthesis of the evidence surrounding the health and climate mitigation benefits of sustainable consumption patterns. This systematic review will synthesize the evidence of both empirical and modelling studies assessing the direct health outcomes (such as all-cause mortality and body mass index) as well as environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use etc.) of shifts towards sustainable diets. Eight literature databases will be searched to identify studies published between 1999-2019 that report both health and environmental outcomes of sustainable diets. Evidence will be mapped and subsequently analysed based on the comparability of results and reported outcomes.
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Headey, Derek D., and Harold H. Alderman. "The Relative Caloric Prices of Healthy and Unhealthy Foods Differ Systematically across Income Levels and Continents." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 11 (July 23, 2019): 2020–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz158.
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ABSTRACT Background Relative prices of healthy/unhealthy foods have been implicated in the obesity epidemic, but never extensively quantified across countries or empirically linked to undernutrition. Objectives This study compared relative caloric prices (RCPs) for different food categories across 176 countries and ascertained their associations with dietary indicators and nutrition outcomes. Methods We converted prices for 657 standardized food products from the 2011 International Comparison Program into caloric prices using USDA Food Composition tables. We classified products into 21 specific food groups. We constructed RCPs as the ratio of the 3 cheapest products in each food group, relative to the weighted cost of a basket of starchy staples. We analyzed RCP differences across World Bank income levels and regions and used cross-country regressions to explore associations with Demographic Health Survey dietary indicators for women 15–49 y old and children 12–23 mo old and with WHO indicators of the under-5 stunting prevalence and adult overweight prevalence. Results Most noncereal foods were relatively cheap in high-income countries, including sugar- and fat-rich foods. In lower-income countries, healthy foods were generally expensive, especially most animal-sourced foods and fortified infant cereals (FICs). Higher RCPs for a food predict lower consumption among children for 7 of 9 food groups. Higher milk and FIC prices were positively associated with international child stunting patterns: a 1-SD increase in milk prices was associated with a 2.8 percentage point increase in the stunting prevalence. Similarly, a 1-SD increase in soft drink prices was associated with a reduction in the overweight prevalence of ∼3.6 percentage points. Conclusions Relative food prices vary systematically across countries and partially explain international differences in the prevalences of undernutrition and overweight adults. Future research should focus on how to alter relative prices to achieve better dietary and nutrition outcomes.
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Ehleringer, James R., Stephannie Covarrubias Avalos, Brett J. Tipple, Luciano O. Valenzuela, and Thure E. Cerling. "Stable isotopes in hair reveal dietary protein sources with links to socioeconomic status and health." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 33 (August 3, 2020): 20044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914087117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in hair sampled from 65 communities across the central and intermountain regions of the United States and more intensively throughout 29 ZIP codes in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, revealed a dietary divergence related to socioeconomic status as measured by cost of living, household income, and adjusted gross income. Corn-fed, animal-derived proteins were more common in the diets of lower socioeconomic status populations than were plant-derived proteins, with individual estimates of animal-derived protein diets as high as 75%; United States towns and cities averaged 57%. Similar patterns were seen across the socioeconomic status spectrum in the Salt Lake Valley. It is likely that corn-fed animal proteins were associated with concentrated animal-feeding operations, a common practice for industrial animal production in the United States today. Given recent studies highlighting the negative impacts of animal-derived proteins in our diets, hair carbon isotope ratios could provide an approach for scaling assessments of animal-sourced foods and health risks in communities across the United States.
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Geburt, Katrin, Elke Herta Albrecht, Marcel Pointke, Elke Pawelzik, Martina Gerken, and Imke Traulsen. "A Comparative Analysis of Plant-Based Milk Alternatives Part 2: Environmental Impacts." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 8424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148424.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human food production is the largest cause of global environmental changes. Environmental benefits could be achieved by replacing diets with a high amount of animal-sourced foods with more plant-based foods, due to their smaller environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the three most common plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs)—oat, soy, and almond drink—in comparison with conventional and organic cow milk. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were calculated by the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint method, in addition to the single issue methods “Ecosystem damage potential” and “Water scarcity index”. PBMAs achieved lower impact values in almost all 12 of the calculated impact categories, with oat drink and the organic soy drink being the most environmentally friendly. However, when LCA results were expressed per energy and by the protein content of the beverages, the ranking of the beverages, in terms of their environmental impacts, changed greatly, and the results of PBMAs approached those of milk, particularly with regard to the protein index. The study highlights the importance of considering a broader range of impact categories when comparing the impacts of PBMAs and milk.
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Fresán, Ujué, and Joan Sabaté. "Vegetarian Diets: Planetary Health and Its Alignment with Human Health." Advances in Nutrition 10, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019): S380—S388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT To maintain planetary health, human activities must limit the use of Earth's resources within finite boundaries and avoid environmental degradation. At present, food systems account for a substantial use of natural resources and contribute considerably to climate change, degradation of land, water use, and other impacts, which in turn threaten human health through food insecurity. Additionally, current dietary patterns, rich in animal products and excessive in calories, are detrimental to both population and planetary health. In order to resolve the diet-environment-health trilemma, population-level dietary changes are essential. Vegetarian diets are reported to be healthy options. Most plant-sourced foods are less resource intense and taxing on the environment than the production of animal-derived foods, particularly meat and dairy from ruminants. This review article explores simultaneously the environmental sustainability of vegetarian diets, and its alignment with people's health. In general, the progression from omnivorous to ovolactovegetarian and vegan diets is associated with increased environmental sustainability. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from vegan and ovolactovegetarian diets are ∼50% and ∼35% lower, respectively, than most current omnivore diets, and with corresponding reductions in the use of natural resources. Concomitant health benefits could be obtained by shifting from current dietary patterns to sustainable vegetarian diets. Thus, there seems to be an alignment of health and environmental outcomes for vegetarian diets. Although this shows the human health and environmental sustainability benefits of vegetarian diets in high-income countries, questions remain about the challenges in other contexts and the political will to promote meat-free diets as the social norm.
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Arias-Granada, Yurani, Zachary T. Neuhofer, Jonathan Bauchet, Paul Ebner, and Jacob Ricker-Gilbert. "Foodborne diseases and food safety in sub-Saharan Africa: Current situation of three representative countries and policy recommendations for the region." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2021.16(2).12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the current state of food safety preparedness and response in three representative countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Kenya, Senegal and South Africa. We focus on foodborne diseases associated with the microbial contamination of animal-sourced foods. The results of our analysis indicate that governments in all three countries have official programmes to limit foodborne diseases and mitigate the effects of outbreaks. However, the population in these three countries continues to experience a high burden of foodborne diseases, and knowledge of the specific causes and mitigation of these diseases in SSA is lacking. Furthermore, there is a need for more and better food safety education programming, as we found no study that has collected a representative sample to estimate the level of public awareness of foodborne pathogens in any of the three countries studied. Evidence also suggests that institutional capacity around food safety in both the public and private sectors is insufficient due to limited financial investment and technical capacity. We end by providing suggestions for improving food safety preparedness and response in the region.
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Kim, Sung Woo, John F. Less, Li Wang, Tianhai Yan, Viswanath Kiron, Sadasivam J. Kaushik, and Xin Gen Lei. "Meeting Global Feed Protein Demand: Challenge, Opportunity, and Strategy." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 7, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Feed protein supplements are one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how the expected expansion of animal production, driven by the rising world population and living standards for more animal-sourced foods, is creating a global shortage of feed protein supply. Because ruminants, chickens, and pigs contribute to 96% of the global supply of animal protein and aquaculture is growing fast, means of meeting the feed protein requirements of these species are elaborated. Geographic variation and interdependence among China, Europe, and North America in the demand and supply of feed protein are compared. The potential and current state of exploration into alternative feed proteins, including microalgae, insects, single-cell proteins, and coproducts, are highlighted. Strategic innovations are proposed to upgrade feed protein processing and assessment, improve protein digestion by exogenous enzymes, and genetically select feed-efficient livestock breeds. An overall successful and sustainable solution in meeting global feed protein demands will lead to a substantial net gain of human-edible animal protein with a minimal environmental footprint.
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Mackay, Sally, Ana Renker-Darby, Ella Robinson, Grace Shaw, and Gary Sacks. "Development of a Proposed Set of Indicators for Assessing Food Company Commitments and Practices Regarding Environmental Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 10315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is widespread recognition that a transformation of food systems is needed to improve environmental sustainability. As part of efforts to hold food companies accountable for their role in improving the environmental sustainability of food systems, there is a critical role for monitoring and benchmarking of company actions. This study aimed to develop a proposed set of metrics for assessing the commitments and practices of food companies regarding environmental sustainability. Guided by an inventory of existing sustainability reporting frameworks and benchmarking initiatives, we proposed 37 indicators for assessment, categorised into ten domains, covering strategy, packaging, greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, water, biodiversity, food waste, compliance and reducing animal-sourced foods. We refined the indicators after consultation with academic experts. We discussed implementation feasibility with sustainability managers from three major food companies in New Zealand. Feedback highlighted the need to pilot test methods for applying the indicators in practice, including assessment of a company’s impact across the supply chain, refining indicator scoring criteria, and weighting indicators based on company- and sector-specific priority areas of focus. Assessment of food companies using the proposed set of metrics can improve accountability for action and inform government regulatory responses.
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Thurecht, Rachael L., Fiona E. Pelly, and Sheri L. Cooper. "The influence of current food and nutrition trends on dietitians’ perceptions of the healthiness of packaged food." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 12 (April 27, 2020): 2124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019005044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjective:To investigate the influence of current food and nutrition trends on dietitians’ perceptions of the healthiness of packaged foods.Design:This observational study used a cross-sectional survey. Participants rated (strongly disagree to strongly agree) the extent to which a range of factors, independent of the energy, nutrient and ingredient content, influenced their perceptions of the healthiness of packaged foods. Two open-ended questions allowed for participants to list additional items they considered important.Setting:Online survey.Participants:Australian dietitians (n 117).Results:The greatest consensus was a positive influence of the fit within the core food groups and presence of seasonal ingredients, and a negative influence of an increasing number of additives. Mixed opinions were obtained for GM ingredients, locally sourced ingredients, labelling of animal welfare and organic certification. Nutritional indicators received a split where almost half of participants disagreed/strongly disagreed that they positively influenced their perception of healthiness. Content analysis of open-ended responses (n 53, 45 %) revealed four broad categories as important in considering healthiness: ‘a whole food approach’, ‘marketing and labelling’, ‘product information’ and ‘context of diet’. A small number of responses (count of 6, 5 %) reported that packaging, advertising and features such as celebrity endorsement were a negative influence.Conclusions:Dietitians have a broad concept of the healthiness of packaged foods, which incorporates elements of food safety, wholeness of the ingredients and marketing. Providing unified messages to the consumer can help to build the public perception of dietitians as experts in nutrition advice and counselling.
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Muggaga, Christopher, D. Ongeng, B. Mugonola, I. Okello-Uma, NA Kaaya, and D. Taylor. "Seasonal variability in food and nutrition security among children 0-3 years in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 103 (September 27, 2021): 18474–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.103.16920.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Optimal nutrition and good feeding of infants and young children are among the most important determinants of their health, growth and development. Due to unimodal climate in Karamoja sub-region, north eastern Uganda, achieving food security remains a development challenge in the area impacting negatively on the nutrition and health status of infants and young children. The current study, therefore, is important in providing the basis for season-based interventions to improve food and nutrition security in Karamoja sub-region. A longitudinal study involving 267 lactating mothers during harvesting season and 380 during planting season was conducted. Data were collected using Individual level Dietary Diversity questionnaire, 24-Hour Dietary Recall, and Anthropometry and were analyzed statistically. The findings indicated that except Abim district, 77.8-97.8%of the lactating mothers never attended school; 75-100% depend on subsistence farming. Lactating mothers (29.9-41.9%) introduced complementary foods to their infants at 6 months, while the age at first introduction of any food to the infant was mostly between 4-6 months. Dietary quality of complementary foods was low across all the districts; 6.7-38.9% of the children ate foods from four or more of the seven food groups in the previous day (Minimum Dietary Diversity) in both seasons. Complementary foods were characterized by plant food sources. With exception of milk and milk products, proportion of children who consumed animal-sourced foods was low, ranging from 0% in meats to 8.9% in fish and sea foods. Energy and nutrient intakes varied according to age groups of the children across districts and season. The proportion of children below -2 Z-score also varied according to districts and it is generally higher during the planting season than the harvesting season. The median of the z-scores for height-for age and Mid Upper Arm Circumference for age ranged from -1 to -2.5. In conclusion, there were variations and disparities in dietary diversity, energy and nutrient intake as well as nutrition status of infants and young children across season and districts in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda. Therefore, interventions to combat malnutrition among children 0-3 years need to take into account seasonal variations for each of the geographical locations in Karamoja sub-region.
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Herforth, Anna, Mary Arimond, Cristina Álvarez-Sánchez, Jennifer Coates, Karin Christianson, and Ellen Muehlhoff. "A Global Review of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines." Advances in Nutrition 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 590–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The objective of this review is to provide a concise, descriptive global review of current food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG), and to assess similarities and differences in key elements of a healthy diet articulated across countries. Information was sourced from the FBDG repository of the FAO, which catalogs FBDG for all countries where they are available, including a description of the food guide (the graphic representation of the dietary guidelines), a set of key messages, and downloadable documents provided by the countries. FBDG are currently available for 90 countries globally: 7 in Africa, 17 in Asia and the Pacific, 33 in Europe, 27 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 4 in the Near East, and 2 in North America. The year of publication of current versions ranges from 1986 to 2017 (mean 2009). This review provides summaries of the key messages and food guides that are used to communicate national dietary guidance, organized by food group, and evaluates the extent to which each set of FBDG includes existing recommendations articulated by the WHO. Some guidance appears nearly universally across countries: to consume a variety of foods; to consume some foods in higher proportion than others; to consume fruits and vegetables, legumes, and animal-source foods; and to limit sugar, fat, and salt. Guidelines on dairy, red meat, fats and oils, and nuts are more variable. Although WHO global guidance encourages consumption of nuts, whole grains, and healthy fats, these messages are not universally echoed across countries. Future frontiers in FBDG development include the incorporation of environmental sustainability and increased attention to sociocultural factors including rapidly changing dietary trends. Steps toward regional and global dietary recommendations could be helpful for refinement of country-level FBDG, and for clear communication and measurement of diet quality both nationally and globally.
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Hussein, Laila. "Zero hunger and malnutrition in the African continent is potentially feasible, if nutrition programs are prioritized politically and scientifically." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 9 (January 13, 2021): S93—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.9.s93-s108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
African countries and in particular the Sub Sahara ones contribute to the largest proportion of the global burden of poverty and associated diet-related diseases in all its forms, including micronutrient malnutrition. Malnutrition rates remain alarming: and stunting an indicator of chronic malnutrition is declining too slowly. The main objectives of the present article are to focus on 1- the current food supply and nutritional status among the vulnerable young population in African countries 2- Insight on the efforts towards reaching the global goal (2) for ending hunger within the context of the SDS2030. The methodology included urgent short- and medium-term interventions priorities programs implemented by foreign aids and international organizations for the management of severe and moderate malnutrition among African children. Details on the composition of the so-called ready-to-use foods used for treating malnourished children are presented. The outcomes of such programs with all their positives and negatives were put together as lessons to be learned and to close the information gap. The cost for treating one single malnourished child with these ready to use foods is in the range between 50 up to 200 US$. To make Goal 2 a reality by the year 2030, a number of scientific-based sustainable solutions were created and recommended for application. Maximizing the use of local food resources, and minimizing losses by applying the logarithm of linear modeling so that nutritious recipes can be formulated at the lowest cost. Capacity building of junior African academics and increased investments in research focusing on diet quality for optimizing the formulation of recipes for feeding infants and children. Strengthening scientific collaboration and exchange of visits and experiences between scientists from the 54 African countries. The establishment of an African Consortium with experts in the diverse areas of food systems to work together more effectively under the umbrella of the African Union. Keywords: African countries, Staple foods, Intake of animal-sourced foods, Severe and moderately malnourished children, Ready to use foods, SDG 2030, Sustainable nutrient-dense diets, Linear programming, Fermented foods, Intra Africa trade agreements, Political will.
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Hussein, Laila. "Zero hunger and malnutrition in the African continent is potentially feasible, if nutrition programs are prioritized politically and scientifically." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 9 (January 13, 2021): S93—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/10.51745/najfnr.4.9.s93-s108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
African countries and in particular the Sub Sahara ones contribute to the largest proportion of the global burden of poverty and associated diet-related diseases in all its forms, including micronutrient malnutrition. Malnutrition rates remain alarming: and stunting an indicator of chronic malnutrition is declining too slowly. The main objectives of the present article are to focus on 1- the current food supply and nutritional status among the vulnerable young population in African countries 2- Insight on the efforts towards reaching the global goal (2) for ending hunger within the context of the SDS2030. The methodology included urgent short- and medium-term interventions priorities programs implemented by foreign aids and international organizations for the management of severe and moderate malnutrition among African children. Details on the composition of the so-called ready-to-use foods used for treating malnourished children are presented. The outcomes of such programs with all their positives and negatives were put together as lessons to be learned and to close the information gap. The cost for treating one single malnourished child with these ready to use foods is in the range between 50 up to 200 US$. To make Goal 2 a reality by the year 2030, a number of scientific-based sustainable solutions were created and recommended for application. Maximizing the use of local food resources, and minimizing losses by applying the logarithm of linear modeling so that nutritious recipes can be formulated at the lowest cost. Capacity building of junior African academics and increased investments in research focusing on diet quality for optimizing the formulation of recipes for feeding infants and children. Strengthening scientific collaboration and exchange of visits and experiences between scientists from the 54 African countries. The establishment of an African Consortium with experts in the diverse areas of food systems to work together more effectively under the umbrella of the African Union. Keywords: African countries, Staple foods, Intake of animal-sourced foods, Severe and moderately malnourished children, Ready to use foods, SDG 2030, Sustainable nutrient-dense diets, Linear programming, Fermented foods, Intra Africa trade agreements, Political will.
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Dahl, Wendy J., Wei-Lun Hung, Amanda L. Ford, Joon Hyuk Suh, Jerémié Auger, Varuni Nagulesapillai, and Yu Wang. "In older women, a high-protein diet including animal-sourced foods did not impact serum levels and urinary excretion of trimethylamine-N-oxide." Nutrition Research 78 (June 2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.004.
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Kittisakmontri, Kulnipa, Julie Lanigan, Jonathan C. K. Wells, and Mary Fewtrell. "The Impact of Dietary Protein in Complementary Foods on Infant Growth and Body Composition in a Population Facing the Double Burden of Malnutrition: Protocol for a Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): e18112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Protein is an essential macronutrient with an important role during complementary feeding. Low protein intake contributes to undernutrition while high intake, especially from animal sources, may increase obesity risk. However, the influences of different protein sources (dairy, meat, and plants) on growth, and underlying mechanisms for these effects, are poorly understood. Animal-sourced foods provide both high-quality protein and iron and are recommended to improve iron status. However, it is unclear whether current dietary recommendations are adequate to support healthy growth and optimize iron status. These issues are of particular concern in countries facing the double burden of malnutrition, the coexistence of all forms of malnutrition. More evidence is needed to develop appropriate recommendations for these countries. Objective This study will investigate associations between protein intake during complementary feeding and growth, body composition, and iron status of infants in Thailand, a country facing the double burden of malnutrition. The study will also explore how different protein sources influence growth via the growth hormone—insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) axis and plasma amino acids. Methods A multicenter cohort study will be conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 150 healthy term infants aged 4-6 months with birth weight ≥2500 g. Demographic data, dietary intake, and anthropometry will be collected at 6, 9, and 12 months. Dietary intake will be assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls, 3-day food records, and food frequency questionnaires. Blood samples for iron status, growth hormone, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein III (IGFBP-3), and plasma amino acids and urine samples for body composition analysis using stable isotope dilution will be obtained at 12 months. Results The recruitment of study participants and data collection was undertaken from June 2018 to May 2019. Data and laboratory analyses are ongoing and are expected to be completed by December 2020. A total of 150 participants were enrolled, and 146 completed the study. We hypothesized that protein intake from animal-sourced foods in recommended quantities could support normal weight and length gain and lower the risk of undernutrition associated with similar amounts of plant-based protein. However, higher protein intake, especially from milk protein, may be linked to increased body fat via plasma amino acids and the growth hormone-IGF axis. Conclusions The results of this study will provide data on current complementary feeding practices, focusing on protein and iron intake in Thai infants. This information, combined with data on associations with infant growth and iron status, will help inform complementary feeding recommendations for this population and may be found relevant to other settings experiencing the double burden of malnutrition. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18112
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Elsayed, Mahmoud E., Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid, Attia El-Gedawy, Mahmoud M. Bendary, Reham M. ELTarabili, Majid Alhomrani, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri, et al. "New Insights into Listeria monocytogenes Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Attributes and Their Prospective Correlation." Antibiotics 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Listeriosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). A poor prognosis has been recorded for the invasive listeriosis, especially neurolisteriosis. In several countries throughout the world, foodborne infections with L. monocytogenes exceeded the legal safety limits in animal sourced foods. Therefore, we decided to investigate the variability, virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of this pathogen. Both phenotypic and genotypic methods were used for identifying L. monocytogenes isolates and confirming their virulence profiles. The antimicrobial resistances and their correlation analysis with the existence of virulence genes were detected. Additionally, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on L. monocytogenes inlA and inlB genes were undertaken. The prevalence rate (11.9%) and the resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes were shocking. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes were common among our isolates (64.9%). Fortunately, the resistance phenotypes were always associated with low virulence arrays and the MDR strains possessed low virulence fitness. Herein, the high genotypic and phenotypic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates and their weak clonality and adaptability highlighted the difficulty in controlling and managing this pathogen. Therefore, it is important to add more restriction guidelines from national authorities on the consumption of ready to eat foods.
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Olawumi, Akinyode, Esward Adeseye Alademerin, Sikiru Oluwole Banjo, and Rachel Ijisekan. "Socio-economic contributions of forest products to livelihoods in Yewa north local government ogun State Nigeria." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 9, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v9n1.olawumi.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study assessed contributions of forest products to nutrition and livelihoods in Yewa North Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. The main objective of the study found out the socio-economic contributions of the forest foods towards livelihoods in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The specific objectives; identified and described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identified the available edible forest/wild plants and animals in the study area, determined the socio-economic factors influencing the use of forest foods in the study area as well as described major problems facing forest food collection, processing, marketing and consumption in the study area. Three hundred and fifty (350) respondents randomly selected from major communities were interviewed with questionnaire. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Majority (65%) were males (88%) between 21 and 60 years. The principal household size was 6-10 (60%) persons; major occupation is farming (41%). Farm sizes were below a hectare. Majority (75%) lived in concrete houses and mud houses (22%). About half (45%) of the respondents uses water closets, pit latrines (32%) while 20% defecated in nearby bushes. Ninety percent possessed mobile phones for communication and 68% indicated availability of conventional medical facilities. Drinkable water was sourced from private boreholes (31%), public water (46%), streams (27%) and wells (12%). The source of energy is national grid (91%), kerosene stoves (56%) and firewood (28%). The respondents indicated high assets index in terms of household assets (81%) and farm assets (92%). Twenty-two plant species were identified of which 95% were eaten and twenty animal species were identified. Logistic regression model showed that sex and household size tended to increase the odds in favor of consumption of forest foods while age, educational farm size and tools owned tended to decrease consumption of forest foods. The principal problems confronting respondents were lack of storage facilities, poor transportation and shortage of wild foods during off seasons. The study concluded that forest products contribute significantly to livelihoods and recommends domestication and conservation.
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Fresán, Ujué, Maximino Alfredo Mejia, Winston J. Craig, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, and Joan Sabaté. "Meat Analogs from Different Protein Sources: A Comparison of Their Sustainability and Nutritional Content." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meat analogs are processed foods designed to mimic meat products. Their popularity is increasing among people seeking foods that are healthy and sustainable. Animal-sourced protein products differ in both their environmental impact and nutritional composition. The protein sources to produce meat analogs come from different plants. There is a lack of published research data assessing differences in these two aspects of meat analogs according to the plant protein source. This study compared the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of different types of meat analogs according to their main source of protein (wheat, soy, wheat and soy, or nuts), and their nutritional composition. We also compared totally plant-based products with those containing egg. We performed life cycle analyses of 56 meat analogs from ingredient production to the final commercial product. The nutrient profile of the meat analogs was analyzed based on ingredients. Descriptive statistics and differences between means were assessed through t-test and ANOVA. No differences in GHG emissions were observed among products with different major sources of protein. However, egg-containing products produced significantly higher amounts of GHG (p < 0.05). The nutritional composition of all meat analogs was found to be quite similar. Altogether, total plant-based meat analogs should be the choice for the sake of the environment.
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Reynolds, Lawrence. "452 The importance of animals to food security and agricultural sustainability." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Worldwide nearly a billion people are estimated to be malnourished, including 140 million children under age 5, leading to permanent impairment of their physical and cognitive development (WHO; http://www.unscn.org/layout/modules/resources/files/rwns5.pdf). In addition, 1 in 9 humans worldwide do not have regular access to clean, healthy drinking water, and 1 in 4 use a drinking water source contaminated with feces [WHO (World Health Organization); https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water]. Providing adequate food and water will become an even bigger challenge during the remainder of this century given the projected nearly 50% increase in the world’s population [from its current 7.6 to 11.2 billion by 2100; Garland, Science 346:234–7, 2014 and World Population Prospects, UN, 2015 (the U.S. is projected to experience a similar increase in population; https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2014/demo/popproj/2014-summary-tables.html)]. These problems are why the top 2 of the United Nation’s 17 current “Sustainable Development Goals” are to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere” (Goal 1) and to “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture” (Goal 2). Because most arable land worldwide is already in use, and water and energy also are limiting, increased production of food will require a substantial increase in efficiency (Reynolds et al., Journal of Nutrition 145:1377–9, 2015). This talk will discuss how animal-sourced foods, when consumed in appropriate amounts as part of a balanced diet, provide essential nutrients for humans and are important to a healthy diet. In addition, we will discuss how animals are critical to continuation of the “Green Revolution,” which will be key to the sustainability of agricultural systems. In addition, addressing various potential problems associated with production of food animals, including water availability and quality, greenhouse gas emissions, animal welfare, overgrazing, food waste, and complexity of the food system(s), will require highly motivated and well-trained animal scientists.
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Rahman, Md Mizanoor, Khan Shahidul Huque, Nani Gopal Das, and Md Yousuf Ali Khan. "Comparative market supply of protein from livestock and fish in the selected urban areas of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v4i1.32403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted with the objectives to determine the market availability of animal sourced foods (ASF) and fish, and their share in the supply of biomass and protein through visiting the wet markets of metropolitan and municipality areas of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A preset questionnaire was used for recording the biomass weight of different ASF and fish in every four days interval in March, 2016. It was found that the supply of ASF (beef, chevon, chicken and egg) and fish in the metropolitan markets (80.20 and 35.89 t/d, respectively) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than any municipality wet market in the district (7.66 and 3.03 t/d, respectively). The market supply of biomass and its protein value of ASF were 3.64 and 4.33 times higher than fish. The chicken shared the highest amount of protein (28.19 %) followed by fish (26.8%), beef (26.21%), eggs (11.46%) and chevon (7.34%) during the study period. However, this initial work does not include milk, and the wet market of ASF and fish may have seasonal variations which needs to be explored through further research. In addition to them, socioeconomic status of consumers and regional variations are important which needs to be studied for addressing resource base safe food production help the strategic reduction of food insecurity in the country by 2030.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(1): 29-36, April 2017
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Cappelle, K. M., G. P. Munkvold, and J. D. Wolt. "Meta-effect of insect resistant maize on fumonisin B1 in grain estimated by variance-weighted and replication-weighted analyses." World Mycotoxin Journal 12, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fumonisins are a class of mycotoxins occurring in foods and feeds at concentrations that may be of concern to human and animal health. Meta-analysis was used to predict the probability of fumonisin B1 (FB1) exposure reduction that may be achieved in the maize grain supply regionally over time through use of insect resistant (Bt) varieties and how analytical outcomes may be influenced by data richness. All analyses showed the positive effect of Bt maize to reduce FB1 concentrations in grain relative to comparable non-Bt maize, but the effect size was smaller for variance-weighted data than for the less statistically robust data sets. Variance weighted data indicated a 14 to 18% decrease in FB1 concentrations in Bt maize relative to a comparable non-genetically engineered variety, whereas a replication weighted approach indicated a 67% decrease. Understanding the effects of data selection criteria on outcomes of meta-analyses are useful in policy considerations related to the benefits of wide-area adoption of fumonisin mitigation practices, such as for economic analysis of the benefit of widespread Bt adoption, prediction of both short and long-term exposures to FB1 in feed rations and understanding variation of FB1 presence in maize sourced for food products.
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Gormaz, Teresita, Sandra Cortés, Ornella Tiboni-Oschilewski, and Gerardo Weisstaub. "The Chilean Diet: Is It Sustainable?" Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food systems are one of the main contributors to climate change. Sustainable diets are one strategy to mitigate climate change. Assessments and estimations at a national level are lacking, especially in the Global South, probably due to a lack of national surveys of food consumption and a limited interest in sustainable diets information. The objective of this study is to estimate and describe the carbon and water footprint of the Chilean population’s diet in an overall estimation desegregated by region, age, sex, socioeconomic level and their main characterizations. This study is based on a secondary data analysis from the National Survey of Food Consumption made in 2010. The carbon and water footprint of the food subgroups/person/day were estimated. The results are compared by sex, age group, socioeconomic level, and macro zone. A carbon footprint of 4.67 kg CO2eq and a water footprint of 4177 L, both per person/day, were obtained. Animal-sourced foods, such as dairy and red meat, were responsible for 60.5% of the total carbon footprint and 52.6% of the water footprint. The highest values for both footprints were found in the following groups: men, adolescents, young adults, people with a higher socioeconomic level, and residents in the southern area of the country. The carbon footprint and water footprint values in Chile generated by food consumption would be above the world averages. Transforming the Chilean food system into a more sustainable one with changes in eating patterns is urgently required to attain this transformation.
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Sámano, Reyna, Hugo Martínez-Rojano, Luis Ortiz-Hernández, Oralia Nájera-Medina, Gabriela Chico-Barba, Estela Godínez-Martínez, Ricardo Gamboa, and Estefanía Aguirre-Minutti. "Dietary and Nutrient Intake, Eating Habits, and Its Association with Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring’s Birth Weight in Pregnant Adolescents." Nutrients 14, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 4545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pregnant adolescents’ diet and eating habits are inadequate; however, their association with gestational weight gain (GWG) is uncertain. We aimed to analyze whether there is an association between dietary and nutrient intake and eating habits with GWG among pregnant adolescents and their offspring’s birth weight. A longitudinal study was performed with 530 participants. We assessed GWG and applied several tools, such as a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall, to obtain dietary and nutrient intake and eating habits. The birth weight of adolescents’ offspring was registered. Later, we performed crude and adjusted Poisson models. The mean age was 15.8 ± 1.3 years. Of all food groups, the lowest frequency of adequate intake corresponded to vegetables (7%) and legumes (10.2%). Excessive (36.8%) and insufficient (40.9%) GWG were observed. Pregnant adolescents with inadequate legumes intake increased the probability of excessive GWG: (PR 1.86 95% CI 1.00–3.44). Cereals and grains were positively associated with GWG: (PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.18–2.29). Energy, macronutrient intake, and eating habits were not associated with GWG. Offspring’s small gestational age (SGA) increased when pregnant adolescents had inadequate sugar-sweetened beverages intake: PR (1.58, 95% CI 1.01–2.49) and when pregnant adolescent watched television (TV). In our sample of Mexican adolescents, dietary and nutrient intake and eating habits were inadequate. Excessive dietary intake from cereals, grains, and animal-sourced foods along with insufficient legumes were associated with excessive GWG. Watching TV while adolescents ate was associated with the birth weight of the offspring.
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Coleman, Fiona, Akhter Ahmed, Shalini Roy, and John Hoddinott. "Gender Differences in Diet Quality and Quantity in Rural Bangladesh. Are Men Still Favored?" Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objectives Studies from Bangladesh have long documented pro-male biases in intrahousehold food allocation. However, many of these earlier studies were conducted against the backdrop of caloric scarcity and since then, food availability and affordability in the country have significantly improved. This study re-examines gender differences in diet quantity and quality in rural Bangladesh with 2012 data. Methods The study uses 24-hour dietary recall data collected in 2012 (12,970 individuals within 5,000 households, ages 15+) from ultra-poor rural Bangladeshi households and OLS regressions to test for gender differences in constructed diet measures. Measures include caloric intake, Caloric Adequacy Ratio (CAR: intake divided by estimated requirements based on sex, occupation, and life stage), Dietary Diversity Score (DDS; range 0–10), Global Dietary Quality Score (DGQS; range 0–49), food group intakes (intake per GDQS food group, grams), and ratios of food group intake to total intake. Between-household differences are accounted for by adjusting for demographic and geographic factors. Results Preliminary results show that men consume more calories than women (mean kcal: male = 2217.99, female = 2022.25, p < 0.001), but women consume more in reference to their caloric needs (CAR: m = 0.75, f = 0.90, p < 0.001). Men also score higher on diet quality measures (DDS: m = 3.43, f = 3.32, p < 0.001; GDQS: m = 8.27, f = 7.69, p < 0.001) and have greater mean intakes in 18 of the 25 GDQS food groups, but the absolute magnitude of male-female differences is small (e.g., < 10 gr. differences in all animal sourced foods). Moreover, compared to women, men did not consume significantly higher proportions of nutrient-dense foods groups. Conclusions Results indicate that while men's intake quantities and diet quality scores are marginally higher, the slight male advantage disappears when energy requirements and food group proportions are accounted for. Accordingly, the study results do not provide evidence of male favoritism in household food allocation. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (award T32DK007158), German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, UK Department for International Development, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, UN Development Programme, World Food Programme.
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Headey, Derek D., and Giordano Palloni. "Stunting and Wasting Among Indian Preschoolers have Moderate but Significant Associations with the Vegetarian Status of their Mothers." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 1579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Background India has high rates of child undernutrition and widespread lactovegetarianism. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine how nutrition outcomes varied among Indian preschool children in relation to the vegetarian status of their parents. Methods The 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey (NSS) were used to explore associations between parental vegetarian status and child stunting and wasting at ages 0–59 mo and anemia at ages 6–59 mo. In the NFHS, self-reports on usual consumption of foods were used to classify maternal diets, whereas in the NSS lactovegetarianism was defined at the household level. Results Compared with children of nonvegetarian mothers, children aged 24–59 mo of lactovegetarian mothers were 2.9 percentage points (95% CI: −4.0, −1.9) less likely to be stunted and children aged 6–23 mo were 1.6 points less likely to be wasted (95% CI: −3.0, −0.03), whereas children aged 6–23 mo with vegan mothers were 5.2 points more likely to be stunted (95% CI: 0.1, 9.4). When compared with nonvegetarian households, lactovegetarian households had better socioeconomic status and were more likely to consume dairy frequently. Children in nonvegetarian households consumed nondairy animal-sourced foods (ASFs) with relatively low frequency. The frequency of maternal dairy consumption was significantly associated with lower risks of child stunting and wasting. Conclusions Anthropometric outcomes differed by maternal vegetarian status, which is itself strongly associated with socioeconomic position, location, religion, and caste.
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Sumiati, Yeti, Tatty A. Ramli, Jejen Hendar, Hilmi Ayu, M. Dwivo Rahayu, and Rais M. Shidiq. "OBTAINING HALAL CERTIFICATE FOR PROCESSED ANIMAL FOOD IN GARUT REGENCY IS CONNECTED WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF HALAL ABATTOIR ACCORDING TO THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i9.2019.617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skin crackers are foods whose raw materials come from animals. As one of the leading culinary products in Garut Regency, the production of Sukaregang skin crackers is the result of people's economic activities that contribute to improving economic prosperity. Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee will be effective in 2019, where halal products are required to have a halal certificate, before including the halal label on the packaging. The purpose of this article is to analyze the acquisition of processed animal skin certificates in Garut Regency from the perspective of the Minister of Agriculture's regulation. The conclusion of this article is that Halal products must meet the halal and thayyib requirements. Products whose raw materials come from processed animals must come from Halal Certified Abattoirs, raw materials for Sukaregang skin crackers originating from leather supplied from Abattoirs that have no evidence that these raw materials are sourced from halal certified abattoirs, so 2019 targets are difficult to meet and will affect the people's economy. In Indonesia, there are still few Slaughterhouses that have been halal certified, as well as in Garut Regency there are no Halal Slaughterhouses that are certified.
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Hassan, R., S. Tecle, B. Adcock, M. Kellis, J. Weiss, A. Saupe, A. Sorenson, et al. "Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) and Salmonella Weltevreden infections linked to imported frozen raw tuna: USA, March–July 2015." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 11 (June 8, 2018): 1461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFoodborne non-typhoidal salmonellosis causes approximately 1 million illnesses annually in the USA. In April 2015, we investigated a multistate outbreak of 65 Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections associated with frozen raw tuna imported from Indonesia, which was consumed raw in sushi. Forty-six (92%) of 50 case-patients interviewed ate sushi during the week before illness onset, and 44 (98%) of 45 who specified ate sushi containing raw tuna. Two outbreak strains were isolated from the samples of frozen raw tuna. Traceback identified a single importer as a common source of tuna consumed by case-patients; this importer issued three voluntary recalls of tuna sourced from one Indonesian processor. Four Salmonella Weltevreden infections were also linked to this outbreak. Whole-genome sequencing was useful in establishing a link between Salmonella isolated from ill people and tuna. This outbreak highlights the continuing foodborne illness risk associated with raw seafood consumption, the importance of processing seafood in a manner that minimises contamination with pathogenic microorganisms and the continuing need to ensure imported foods are safe to eat. People at higher risk for foodborne illness should not consume undercooked animal products, such as raw seafood.
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Springmann, Marco, H. Charles J. Godfray, Mike Rayner, and Peter Scarborough. "Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 21, 2016): 4146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523119113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What we eat greatly influences our personal health and the environment we all share. Recent analyses have highlighted the likely dual health and environmental benefits of reducing the fraction of animal-sourced foods in our diets. Here, we couple for the first time, to our knowledge, a region-specific global health model based on dietary and weight-related risk factors with emissions accounting and economic valuation modules to quantify the linked health and environmental consequences of dietary changes. We find that the impacts of dietary changes toward less meat and more plant-based diets vary greatly among regions. The largest absolute environmental and health benefits result from diet shifts in developing countries whereas Western high-income and middle-income countries gain most in per capita terms. Transitioning toward more plant-based diets that are in line with standard dietary guidelines could reduce global mortality by 6–10% and food-related greenhouse gas emissions by 29–70% compared with a reference scenario in 2050. We find that the monetized value of the improvements in health would be comparable with, or exceed, the value of the environmental benefits although the exact valuation method used considerably affects the estimated amounts. Overall, we estimate the economic benefits of improving diets to be 1–31 trillion US dollars, which is equivalent to 0.4–13% of global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2050. However, significant changes in the global food system would be necessary for regional diets to match the dietary patterns studied here.
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Wan, Yi, Kana Wu, Liang Wang, Mingyang Song, Edward Giovannucci, and Walter Willett. "Dietary Fat and Fatty Acids Intake in Relation to Risk of Colorectal Cancer." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab036_026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objectives Epidemiologic evidence for specific types and sources of dietary fat and individual fatty acid with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconclusive. We aimed to comprehensively examine the associations of intake of specific types (saturated-, monounsaturated-, polyunsaturated-, and trans-) and sources (animal-, dairy-, and vegetable-) of dietary fat and fatty acids with CRC risk. Methods We prospectively followed-up 65,550 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1986–2014) and 45,684 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2014). Dietary intake was assessed every 4 years using food frequency questionnaires. Self-reported CRC cases were confirmed through medical record review. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR for intakes of dietary fat and fatty acids and CRC risk. Results During 2,705,560 person-years of follow-up, 2726 incident CRC cases were confirmed. Intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to be positively associated with the risk of CRC (HR comparing extreme quintiles 1.21; 95% CI 1.00, 1.47; P = 0.06 for trend) compared with total carbohydrates. This positive association was mainly driven by MUFA from animal sources (MUFA-As) (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02, 1.53; P = 0.02 for trend). The positive association between MUFA-As and CRC was attenuated after adjusting for red and processed meat consumption (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.94, 1.46). Other types and sources of fat intake and individual fatty acid intake were not associated with CRC risk. Isocalorically replacing MUFA-As with equivalent energy (5%) from carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with a trend towards a lower risk of CRC (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.77, 1.01). Conclusions Higher intake of MUFA-As was associated with higher CRC risk compared with total carbohydrates or carbohydrates from whole grains, possibly due to other components of animal-sourced foods. We did not find clear associations between other types and sources of dietary fat and CRC risk. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (UM1 CA186107, P01 CA87969, and U01 CA167552)