Статті в журналах: "Angular distribution analysis"

1

Leitner, O., Z. J. Ajaltouni, and E. Conte. "An angular distribution analysis of decays." Nuclear Physics A 755 (June 2005): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.051.

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2

Guo, Li, Mingqing Liu, Ronghua Lu, Shensheng Han, and Jing Chen. "Analysis of above-threshold ionization by “Wigner-distribution-like function” method." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 4 (September 18, 2019): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000569.

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AbstractAbove-threshold ionization (ATI) is one of the most fundamental processess when atoms or molecules are subjected to intense laser fields. Analysis of ATI process in intense laser fields by a Wigner-distribution-like (WDL) function is reviewed in this paper. The WDL function is used to obtain various time-related distributions, such as time-energy distribution, ionization time distribution, and time-emission angle distribution and so on, of atoms in laser field pulses with different laser parameters. For the linearly polarized laser pulses, the time-energy distribution intuitively shows from a quantum point of view the relationship between the ionization moment and the final energy and clearly reveals the origin of interference structures in the photoelectron spectrum. In particular, for linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulses, all calculated distributions show the dependence of electron behavior on the ionization time, emission direction, and carrier-envelope phase (CEP). For elliptically polarized few-cycle pulses, we calculate the angular distribution, ionization time distribution, and time-emission distribution, which are compared with the semiclassical calculations. Analysis shows that the offset angle (difference between positions of the peaks in the angular distributions obtained by two methods) in the angular distributions does not correspond to the offset time (difference between positions of the peaks in the ionization time distributions obtained by two methods) in the ionization time distributions, which implies that the attosecond angular streaking technique based on this correspondence between the offset angle and time is in principle inaccurate. Furthermore, the offset time cannot be interpreted as tunneling time.

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3

Luo, Suichu, and David C. Joy. "A new method for quantitative analysis of EELS." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 950–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172486.

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Techniques to remove plural scattering from electron energy loss spectra (EELS) are important in bot hmicroanalysis and other quantitative applications of electron spectroscopy. The techniques used are either based on convolution, or Fourier transform deconvolution, methods, in which either the elastic scattering angular correction or both elastic and inelastic angular corrections are not included. In this work we propose a new method based on both angular and energy loss three-dimension Poisson statistics which includes elastic and inelastic mixed angular scattering correction in order to obtain more accurate quantitative analysis for EELS.The electron scattering distribution determined by angular and energy loss three-dimension Poissonstatistics is given by:where IT is the total incident electron intensity; t is the sample thickness; λi, λe and λT are inelastic , elastic and total scattering mean free paths; Si (θ) and Se(θ) are normalized single inelastic and elastic angular scattering distributions respectively, F(E) is the single scattering normalized energy loss distribution.

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4

Lees, Karen, Stephen Roberts, Pari Skamnioti, and Sarah Gurr. "Gene Microarray Analysis Using Angular Distribution Decomposition." Journal of Computational Biology 14, no. 1 (January 2007): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2006.0098.

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5

Tracheva, Natalya V., and Sergey A. Ukhinov. "Two-dimensional projection Monte Carlo estimators for the study of angular characteristics of polarized radiation." Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling 33, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rnam-2018-0016.

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Abstract The paper presents a Monte Carlo algorithm for the study of bidirectional angular characteristics of a scattered polarized radiation based on projection expansion of the density of the corresponding angular distribution over hemispherical harmonics. The results of numerical estimation of two-dimensional angular distributions of the intensity and the polarization degree of the radiation passed through and reflected from optically thick layers of scattering and absorbing substance are presented.

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6

BERNUI, ARMANDO, THYRSO VILLELA, and IVAN FERREIRA. "ANALYSIS OF THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF COSMIC OBJECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 13, no. 07 (August 2004): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271804005304.

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We investigate a method that reveals anisotropies in the angular distribution of cosmic objects. In particular, we investigate ensembles with ~ 1000 objects, which is the interesting case of some astronomical catalogs. Considering test ensembles generated with a variable degree of anisotropy, we calculate the probability of any pair of objects to be separated by a given angular distance and compare this result with the same probability for a purely isotropic ensemble. We show that the use of sub-ensembles of the original full sky test ensemble, namely partial catalogs containing objects in the polar cap regions, can reveal, at any scale, possible angular correlations in the original full sky distribution. We also show the robustness of this method by comparing it with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and χ2 statistical tests.

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7

Teng, Fei, Yun Lin, Yanping Wang, Wenjie Shen, Shanshan Feng, and Wen Hong. "An Anisotropic Scattering Analysis Method Based on the Statistical Properties of Multi-Angular SAR Images." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2020): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132152.

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The scatterings of many targets are aspect dependent, which is called anisotropy. Multi-angular synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a suitable means of detecting this kind of anisotropic scattering behavior by viewing targets from different aspect angles. First, the statistical properties of anisotropic and isotropic scatterings are studied in this paper. X-band chamber circular SAR data are used. The result shows that isotropic scatterings have stable distributions in different aspect viewing angles while the distributions of anisotropic scatterings are various. Then the statistical properties of single polarization high-resolution multi-angular SAR images are modeled by different distributions. G 0 distribution performs best in all types of areas. An anisotropic scattering analysis method based on the multi-angular statistical properties is proposed. A likelihood ratio test based on G 0 distribution is used to measure the anisotropy. Anisotropic scatterings can be discriminated from isotropic scatterings by thresholding. Besides, the scattering direction can also be estimated by our method. AHH polarization C-band circular SAR data are used to validate our method. The result of using G 0 distribution is compared with the result of using Rayleigh distribution. The result of using G 0 distribution is the better one.

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8

Chikuse, Yasuko. "The matrix angular central Gaussian distribution." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 33, no. 2 (May 1990): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-259x(90)90050-r.

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9

KIM, YONG JOO, and MOON HOE CHA. "SECOND-ORDER EIKONAL MODEL ANALYSIS OF16O+16OELASTIC SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics E 10, no. 04n05 (August 2001): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301301000563.

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We analyze the elastic scattering angular distributions of the16O +16O system at Elab=480 MeV and 704 MeV within the framework of the second-order eikonal model based on Coulomb trajectories of colliding nuclei. The diffractive oscillatory structure observed in the elastic angular distribution could be explained due to the interference between the near- and far-side scattering amplitudes. The presence of a nuclear rainbow in this system is evidenced through a classical deflection function. The effective optical potential is developed from the second-order non-eikonal phase shifts.

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10

Eifler, Matthias, Boris Brodmann, Barbara Linke, Alexander Müller, and Jörg Seewig. "Comprehensive angular scattering distribution analysis for resource-efficient manufacturing." Procedia CIRP 120 (2023): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.09.007.

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11

Siegmann, Bärbel, and Rainer Hippler. "Angular Distribution of Hydrogen Fragment Ions in H+ - H2 Collisions." Australian Journal of Physics 52, no. 3 (1999): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph99021.

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The angular distribution of H+ fragment ions produced in 5–25 keV H+–H2 collisions was investigated in coincidence with Lyman-α photons. The observed photons arise from electron capture to the projectile H(2p) state and/or from the fragmentation of the H2 molecule via 2sσg, 2pσu or 2pΠ u states of the excited H+2* ion. An analysis of the measured angular distributions has been performed to distinguish the separate degenerate channels available to an emitted Lyman-α photon. The results show similarities to the data of Lindsay et al. (1987) who measured the non-coincident angular distribution of H+ fragment ions within the same energy range.

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12

TRIPATHI, R., K. SUDARSHAN, S. SODAYE, A. GOSWAMI, A. V. R. REDDY, and K. MAHATA. "FISSION FRAGMENT ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION IN 24Mg INDUCED REACTIONS ON 192Os AND 197Au." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 02 (February 2008): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130800946x.

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Angular distributions of fission fragments have been measured in 24 Mg + 192 Os and 24 Mg + 197 Au reactions at E lab = 128 MeV which is close to entrance channel Coulomb barrier. Experimental angular anisotropies were in reasonably good agreement with those calculated using the statistical theory. Analysis of the angular distribution data of the present study and of our earlier measurement in 19 F + 197 Au reaction has shown that contribution from non-compound nucleus fission in these systems is not significant.

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13

Zhang, Jiachi, Liu Liu, Zhenhui Tan, Kai Wang, and Tao Zhou. "Analysis of Joint Angular Distribution for Nonreciprocal Beams via the Mixture of Gaussian Distribution Based on Ray-Tracing." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3505181.

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Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology can not only provide huge data rates but also overcome the severe propagation attenuation effect, especially in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands by utilizing beamforming. The nonreciprocal beam is a novel transmission pattern, which indicates that transceivers adopt asymmetrical beamwidths. Such a special pattern can achieve fast beam alignment and alleviate equipment costs. Thorough knowledge of the corresponding wireless channel is pivotal to the system design and optimization, which remains to be investigated. In this paper, we first propose a 3-dimensional (3-D) channel model based on ray-tracing, which is capable of reflection simulation. Based on this model, the ray-based beamforming mechanism is illustrated. The angular distribution is pivotal to beam channel modeling and characterization since transceiver beams filter rays in the angular domain. Then, we conduct an omnidirectional antenna-based channel simulation in an urban macro-cell scenario via the ray-tracing platform. On this basis, we focus on the distribution of the quasiangles, i.e., angles between departure/arrival reflected rays and the line-of-sight (LoS) path. We find that gamma distribution is a better option to fit the quasiarrival angular distribution than the von Mises distribution. Furthermore, to characterize the relationship between quasiangles of departure (AoD) and quasiangles of arrival (AoA), the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is adopted and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate the unknown parameters of GMM. Our findings provide useful insights to beam channel modeling, which should take the joint angular distribution into consideration.

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14

B. Otgooloi, N. Enkhbat, and J. Oyunbileg. "Systematical Analysis on angular Distribution of Bremsstrahlung radiation in microtron MT-22." Физик сэтгүүл 15, no. 309 (March 15, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/physics.v15i309.253.

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The systematic analysis has been made the measurement results of the relative angular distribution of gamma quantium with 11-22 MeV energy which is induced by bremsstrahlung within 2-3 g/cm optimal geometrical region of target nucleus. We are shown that relative intensity distribution of gamma radiation with energy 11-22 MeV, induced by stopped electrons with various thicknesses at heavy and lighter target nucleus as an exponential form within angular region 0°-14o

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15

Zhang, Kai, Qiang Wang, Pan Pan Yao, and Zhong Ding. "Analysis on Angular and Torsional Deformation of Open Front Press." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.123.

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The angular deformation and torsional deformation are investigated by FEM on open front press with nominal press force of 1600kN. The FEM mold of press is established by processing contact, constraints, and loads. The angular deformation of frame and torsional deformation of slide are analyzed based on the analyses of distribution of equivalent stress and deformation. The influence work force of open front press to angular deformation and torsional deformation are obtained.

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16

Mei, Chuan Zhi, Lin Hua Piao, and Bao Li Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of the Drum-Shape Cavity Fluidic Gyroscope Sensitive Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4511.

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Against the deflect that the existing fluidic gyroscope airflow channel structure was easy to cause the flocculating flow. This paper presented a kind of elliotic-drum flow cavity structure. Using the finite element method, calculated the flow field in the closed cavity at different angular velocity input. The results showed that the gas flow path of the main airflow distribution was streamlined, there did not form the vortex area which could reduce the energy additional losses, when the angular rate input changed, then the jet flow field distribution didnt keep equal and symmetrical, the jet speed difference at the hot sensitive wire changed with angular velocity, thus revealing the drum-shape cavity fluidic gyroscope sensitive mechanism.

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17

Nakamura, So, Shinichi Inoue, Yoshinori Igarashi, Hiromi Sato, and Yoko Mizokami. "Analysis of Gloss Unevenness and Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function in Specular Reflection." Journal of Imaging 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10060146.

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Gloss is associated significantly with material appearance, and observers often focus on gloss unevenness. Gloss unevenness is the intensity distribution of reflected light observed within a highlight area, that is, the variability. However, it cannot be analyzed easily because it exists only within the highlight area and varies in appearance across the reflection angles. In recent years, gloss has been analyzed in terms of the intensity of specular reflection and its angular spread, or the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In this study, we develop an apparatus to measure gloss unevenness that can alter the angle with an angular resolution of 0.02°. Additionally, we analyze the gloss unevenness and BRDF in terms of specular reflection. Using a high angular resolution, we measure and analyze high-gloss materials, such as mirrors and plastics, and glossy materials, such as photo-like inkjet paper and coated paper. Our results show that the magnitude of gloss unevenness is the largest at angles marginally off the center of the specular reflection angle. We discuss an approach for physically defining gloss unevenness based on the BRDF.

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18

Takashina, M., та Y. Sakuragi. "Analysis of 12C(α, α′) using α condensate model wave function". Modern Physics Letters A 21, № 31n33 (30 жовтня 2006): 2341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306021967.

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We analyze the inelastic scattering of the α+12 C system leading to the [Formula: see text] state in 12 C at incident energies of E α=139 MeV ~ 240 MeV using α condensate model wave function, and investigate the affection of the large nuclear radius of [Formula: see text] on the inelastic angular distribution. It is found that the oscillation pattern in inelastic angular distribution is sensitive to the extent of transition density rather than the nuclear radius of the excited state.

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19

Hughes, P. C., and G. M. T. D’Eleuterio. "Modal Parameter Analysis of Gyroelastic Continua." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171881.

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This paper builds on the theory of gyroelastic dynamics presented in a recent paper by the authors. An elastic continuum with a continuous distribution of stored angular momentum (called gyricity) is considered. We introduce the modal parameters (coefficients) thereof, including integrals of the mode shapes, and show they must satisfy a number of useful identities. In addition to the coefficients (pα and hα) associated with momentum and angular momentum which also arise in the dynamics of a purely elastic body, there is a third coefficient (gα) wholly attributable to the gyricity distribution. The modal parameter analysis presented here is an extension of that for purely elastic continua. The analysis concludes with a simple demonstration of the theoretical results using a spatially discretized model of a cantilevered rod.

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20

Yu, Yushu, Jinglin Li, Xin Li, and Yi Yang. "Error Uncertainty Analysis in Planar Closed-Loop Structure with Joint Clearances." Metals 11, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111872.

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For planar closed-loop structures with clearances, the angular and positional error uncertainties are studied. By using the vector translation method and geometric method, the boundaries of the errors are analyzed. The joint clearance is considered as being distributed uniformly in a circle area. A virtual link projection method is proposed to deal with the clearance affected length error probability density function (PDF) for open-loop links. The error relationship between open loop and closed loop is established. The open-loop length PDF and the closed-loop angular error PDF both approach being Gaussian distribution if there are many clearances. The angular propagation error of multi-loop structures is also investigated by using convolution. The positional errors of single and multiple loops are both discussed as joint distribution functions. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the proposed methods.

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21

Olorunfunmi, S. D., and A. Bahini. "Microscopic Analysis of Elastic Scattering Angular Distributions for Five Different Density Distribution of 9Be Nucleus." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 84, no. 4 (July 2021): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778821040244.

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22

Sabuncu, Mustafa. "Coupled vibration analysis of blades with angular pretwist of cubic distribution." AIAA Journal 23, no. 9 (September 1985): 1424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.9102.

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23

Zhang Xusheng, 张旭升, 何川 He Chuan, and 撖芃芃 Han Pengpeng. "Intensity Distribution Analysis of Axicon Lens by Numerical Angular Spectrum Method." Acta Optica Sinica 32, no. 12 (2012): 1207001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201232.1207001.

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24

Poirier, Michel, and Jean-Christophe Pain. "Angular momentum distribution in a relativistic configuration: magnetic quantum number analysis." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 145002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac10f9.

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25

TYLER, DAVID E. "Statistical analysis for the angular central Gaussian distribution on the sphere." Biometrika 74, no. 3 (1987): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/74.3.579.

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26

Dirner, A., V. V. Glagolev, J. Hlaváčová, N. B. Ladygina, G. Martinská, and J. Urbán. "Analysis of the spectator-angular distribution in the light-nuclei reactions." European Physical Journal A 8, no. 4 (July 2000): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070072.

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27

Yao, Jian. "Angular Transmittance Analysis of a Novel Thermotropic Material." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/538164.

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This paper uses inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method and Monte Carlo method for the simulation of the spectral angular transmittance of a novel kind of thermotropic material at different temperatures. The results show that the collimated light takes the major part at the beginning of the switching process and the scattered light is negligible. However, the scattered light increased to high above 80% of the total transmitted light with the largest angle distribution of scattered light about 30 degrees as temperature elevated.

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28

Si, Jia Yong, Ze Hao Hu та Li Ping Zhong. "Finite Element Analysis of β-Titanium during Equal Channel Angular Extrusion". Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (листопад 2011): 1702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1702.

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The finite element analysis was applied to evaluate the respective influences of die geometry and process conditions on plastic strain distribution for β-titanium (Ti-13V11Cr3Al) during the equal channel angular extrusion. It was found that optimum ECAE die geometry is strongly material dependent. Optimal strain homogeneity in the Ti-13V11Cr3Al alloy may be achieved at r (inner radius) =5mm, R (outer radius) =3mm. The equivalent plastic strain increases with increasing friction coefficient. And the better homogeneity of the equivalent plastic strain distribution can be achieved when m=0.1. The faster is the ram speed, the lower is the homogeneity of the equivalent plastic strain distribution. The back-pressure can increase the strain level across the workpiece and prevent the problem of surface cracking induced by tensile stresses. The distribution of the plastic strain is not temperature sensitive between 400°C and 600°C.

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29

Tamagno, Pierre, Pascal Archier, Cyrille De Saint Jean, and Gilles Noguère. "New 23Na evaluation in the resolved resonance range taking into account both differential and double differential experiments." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023911006.

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In 2012 CEA produced a entire new evaluation of sodium nuclear data for the release of the JEFF-3.2 evaluated nuclear data library. During the evaluation process performed with the CONRAD code, several differential measurements (total and discrete inelastic cross-sections) have been used. However double differential data (elastic angular distribution) that were yet available in the EXFOR database were not incorporated in the analysis at that time. The experimental elastic angular distribution were discarded because of it was impossible to obtain a good agreement for both angle-integrated cross-sections and double differential ones. The underlying cause of this disagreement is expected to be due to the attribution of quantum numbers to resonance and related channel amplitudes. Indeed these numbers are imposed during the analysis but impact differently angular distributions and angle-integrated cross-sections. An automated search for an accurate set of quantum numbers has been implemented in order to produce a reliable quantum numbers set. In this paper we present a new evaluation of Na-23 taking into account both differential and double differential measurements. The analysis performed with the CONRAD code reached the level of agreement with experimental data for the total and inelastic cross-sections but this time with a significant improvement for the elastic angular distributions. This new evaluation produced in the ENDF-6 format has then been tested and validated on critical facilities calculation (MASURCA and ZPPR) in different configurations (nominal and voided) in order to assess its performances.

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30

Zhang, Yu, Mengqi Zhang, Yawen Wang, and Liyang Xie. "Fatigue Life Analysis of Ball Bearings and a Shaft System Considering the Combined Bearing Preload and Angular Misalignment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082750.

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Bearing preload significantly affects the running performance of a shaft-bearing system including the fatigue life, wear, and stiffness. Due to the mounting error, the bearing rings are often angularly misaligned. The effects of the combined bearing preload and angular misalignment on the fatigue life of ball bearings and a shaft-bearing system are analyzed in this paper. The contact force distribution of angular contact ball bearings in the shaft-bearing system is investigated based on the system model. The system model includes the bearing model, and the shaft model is verified by comparing with the manufacturer’s manual and the results from other theoretical models, with the difference between the results from the present bearing model and manufacturer manual within 3%. The global optimization method is used to replace the Newton–Raphson algorithm to solve the ball elements’ displacements and friction coefficients, which improves the computation efficiency of the system model. The fatigue life of each bearing is evaluated with the consideration of the two preload methods and two angular misalignment cases. The fatigue life results show that the system life at the optimal angular misalignment is more than 1.5 times that without angular misalignment at the low preload value, and this ratio decreases as the preload value increases. The optimal angular misalignment of both the shaft-bearing system and the misaligned bearing is not always consistent, which depends on the preload value and bearing life. Both the constant-displacement preload and constant-force preload do not cause a significant difference in the highest system life. The different misaligned bearings can lead to different highest system lives as the preload value is low.

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31

Kelly, Keegan J., Eames A. Bennett, Matthew Devlin, John M. O’Donnell, and Mark Paris. "The Neutron Scattering Cross Section and Angular Distribution Measurement Program at LANL." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401004.

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Neutron scattering cross sections and angular distributions are leading terms in descriptions of neutron transport through any system. Despite the fundamental importance of nuclear data on these quantities, significant gaps in understanding and lack of experimental data persist in heavier elements and down to lighter structural materials, such as iron and aluminum. Recent measurements on carbon have also shown definitive proof that the neutron angular distribution can change with respect to the emission angle of γ-rays from inelastic scattering, thereby complicating γ-tagged measurements of inelastic neutron scattering. In this work, we describe the emerging program at Los Alamos National Laboratory for measurements of neutron scattering cross sections and neutron, γ-ray, and correlated n-γ angular distributions utilizing liquid scintillator detectors and the Correlated Gamma-Neutron Array for Scattering (CoGNAC) of CLYC scintillators. Currently, these detectors are operated simultaneously with the in-progress array of CLYC detectors in an inverted position, and data analysis techniques are being developed to span scattering measurements from light nuclei up through actinides. Preliminary results for measurements on 12C, 27Al, and 56Fe are presented here with a description of the analysis methods applied and anticipated capabilities of the full-scale detection system.

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32

Hellwig, Maren, Martin Köppen, Albert Hiller, Hans Koslowski, Andrey Litnovsky, Klaus Schmid, Christian Schwab, and Roger De Souza. "Impact of Surface Roughness on Ion-Surface Interactions Studied with Energetic Carbon Ions 13C+ on Tungsten Surfaces." Condensed Matter 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat4010029.

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The effect of surface roughness on angular distributions of reflected and physically sputtered particles is investigated by ultra-high vacuum (UHV) ion-surface interaction experiments. For this purpose, a smooth (R a = 5.9 nm) and a rough (R a = 20.5 nm) tungsten (W) surface were bombarded with carbon ions 13C+ under incidence angles of 30 ∘ and 80 ∘ . Reflected and sputtered particles were collected on foils to measure the resulting angular distribution as a function of surface morphology. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) were performed. Simulations of ion-surface interactions were carried out with the SDTrimSP (Static Dynamic Transport of Ions in Matter Sputtering) code. For rough surfaces, a special routine was derived and implemented. Experimental as well as calculated results prove a significant impact of surface roughness on the angular distribution of reflected and sputtered particles. It is demonstrated that the effective sticking of C on W is a function of the angle of incidence and surface morphology. It is found that the predominant ion-surface interaction process changes with fluence.

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33

Ezra, Bar, Shimshon Kallush, and Ronnie Kosloff. "Dissociation in strong field: A quantum analysis of the relation between angular momentum and angular distribution of fragments." Chemical Physics Letters 756 (October 2020): 137845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137845.

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34

Jiang, Jonathan H., Remo Burn, Xuan Ji, Kristen A. Fahy, and Patrick Eggenberger. "Angular Momentum Distributions for Observed and Modeled Exoplanetary Systems." Astrophysical Journal 924, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3242.

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Abstract The distribution of angular momentum of planets and their host stars provides important information on the formation and evolution of the planetary system. However, mysteries still remain, partly due to bias and uncertainty of the current observational data sets and partly due to the fact that theoretical models for the formation and evolution of planetary systems are still underdeveloped. In this study, we calculate the spin angular momentum of host stars and the orbital angular momentum of their planets using data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive along with detailed analysis of observation dependent biases and uncertainty ranges. We also analyze the angular momentum of the planetary system as a function of star age to understand their variation in different evolutionary stages. In addition, we use a population of planets from theoretical model simulations to reexamine the observed patterns and compare the simulated population with the observed samples to assess variations and differences. We found the majority of exoplanets discovered thus far do not have the angular momentum distribution similar to that of planets in our solar system, though this could be due to the observation bias. When filtered by the observational biases, the model simulated angular momentum distributions are comparable to the observed pattern in general. However, the differences between the observation and model simulation in the parameter (angular momentum) space provide more rigorous constraints and insights on the issues that needed future improvement.

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35

Kciuk, Sławomir, and Paweł Martynowicz. "Special Application Magnetorheological Valve Numerical and Experimental Analysis." Solid State Phenomena 177 (July 2011): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.177.102.

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The paper addresses analytical, numerical and experimental aspects of the design of magnetorheological (MR) fluid valve. Magnetic flux in valve’s cross-section is analysed with the help of finite element method (FEM) software. Based on the magnetic field intensity distribution within valve’s MR fluid annular gap, simulation model of the shock absorber equipped with newly designed MR valves is developed. Prototypes of MR valve are built and embedded in the stationary barrier of the rotary shock absorber, instead of standard, passive check valves. Simulation and preliminary experimental results comprising resistance force values as a function of angular displacement and angular velocity are presented.

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36

Mikhailov, Gennady A., Natalya V. Tracheva, and Sergey A. Ukhinov. "A new kernel-projective statistical estimator in the Monte Carlo method." Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling 35, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rnam-2020-0028.

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AbstractIn the present paper, we propose a new combined kernel-projective statistical estimator of the two-dimensional distribution density, where the first ‘main’ variable is processed with the kernel estimator, and the second one is processed with the projective estimator for the conditional distribution density. In this case, statistically estimated coefficients of some orthogonal expansion of the conditional distribution density are used for each ‘kernel’ interval defined by a micro-sample. The root-mean-square optimization of such an estimator is performed under the assumptions concerning the convergence rate of the used orthogonal expansion. The numerical study of the constructed estimator is implemented for angular distributions of the radiation flux forward-scattered and backscattered by a layer of matter. A comparative analysis of the results is performed for molecular and aerosol scattering.

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37

Yu, Chunmiao, Yuanwen Cai, Weijie Wang, Wenjing Han, Zengyuan Yin, and Wenting Han. "Analysis and Compensation of Lorentz Force Magnetic Bearing Magnetic Flux Density Uniformity Error." Sensors 24, no. 9 (April 24, 2024): 2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092683.

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Aiming at the influence of the magnetic flux density uniformity error (MFDUE) of the Lorentz force magnetic bearing (LFMB) on the sensitivity accuracy of magnetically suspended control and sensing gyroscopes (MSCSGs) on the angular rate of a spacecraft, a high precision measurement method of the angular rate of a spacecraft based on the MFDUE compensation of LFMB is proposed. Firstly, the structure of MSCSG and the sensitivity principle of MSCSG to the spacecraft angular rate are introduced. The mechanism influencing the accuracy of MSCSG to spacecraft angular rate sensitivity is deduced based on the definition of magnetic flux density uniformity. Secondly, the 3D magnetic flux distribution of LFMB is analyzed using ANSYS. The relationship between the rotor tilt angle, tilt angular rate, and magnetic flux density is established. The induced current calculation model due to MFDUE is proposed, and the LFMB magnetic flux density error compensation is realized. Finally, the simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the induced current by the proposed method can reach 96%, and the simulation and the experiment show that the error compensation method can improve the accuracy of MSCSG in measuring the spacecraft angular rate by 12.5%.

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38

R., Dario E. Rodas, Antonio Padilha-Feltrin, and Luis F. Ochoa. "Distribution transformers modeling with angular displacement: actual values and per unit analysis." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 18, no. 4 (December 2007): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592007000400009.

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39

YAMASHITA, Takako, and Kozo TSUNOYAMA. "Surface Analysis of Steel Products by Angular Distribution Measurement in the XPS." Tetsu-to-Hagane 73, no. 16 (1987): 2306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.73.16_2306.

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40

Elizarov, A. Yu, and I. I. Tupitsyn. "Analysis of the angular distribution of Auger electrons in a Xe atom." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 97, no. 4 (October 2003): 658–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1625056.

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41

Bao, Nguyen Dien Quoc, Le Hoang Chien, Chau Van Tao, and Trinh Hoa Lang. "Analysis of 12C+12C scattering using different nuclear density distributions." Science and Technology Development Journal 21, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v21i3.431.

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Elastic 12C+12C angular distributions at three bombarding energies of 102.1, 112.0 and 126.1 MeV were analyzed in the framework of optical model (OM) and compared to the experimental data. The reality of the OM analysis using the double folding potential depends on the chosen nuclear density distributions. In this work, we use two available models of nuclear density distributions obtained from the electron scattering experiments and the density functional theory (DFT). The OM results show that the former gives better description of the 12C nuclear density distribution than the latter. Therefore, the DFT should be worked on for improving the nuclear density description of 12C in the future.

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42

Xu, Tengfei, Lihua Yang, and Kai Wang. "Characteristics of Duplex Angular Contact Ball Bearing with Combined External Loads and Angular Misalignment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175756.

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As a kind of common phenomenon in practical engineering, misalignment error considerably changes the working performance of bearing. However, it has rarely attracted attention in the study of duplex angular contact ball bearings (DACBBs). To evaluate the influence of misalignment on DACBB, an analytical model of DACBB considering combined loads and angular misalignment is established for back-to-back, face-to-face, and tandem configurations. According to the geometrical relationship inside the bearing, the deformations caused by external load and angular misalignment are systematically analyzed. On this basis, the effects of external load, axial preload, and angular misalignment on the displacement, maximum contact load, contact load distribution, contact angle, and fatigue life of DACBB are analyzed. The results demonstrate the high dependence of the contact load and contact angle on the above factors. Angular misalignment causes the fluctuation of contact load and contact angle distributions along the azimuth angle of a rolling ball. Nonlinear relationships between fatigue life of DACBB, angular misalignment, and axial preload are obtained. The occurrence of angular misalignment considerably decreases the fatigue life of DACBB. The results suggest the necessity of angular misalignment analysis for DACBB.

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43

Boeyens, Jan C. A. "Angular Momentum in Chemistry." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0311.

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Noting that current chemical theory is based almost exclusively on electronic energy and spin variables the equal importance of orbital angular momentum is explored in this paper. From its classical definition the angular momentum of electrons in an atom is shown to obey Laplace’s equation, which automatically leads to discrete values in terms of spherical harmonics. This analysis assumes a continuous distribution of electronic charge, which resembles a fluid at equilibrium. It serves to elucidate the success and failure of Bohr’s conjecture and the origin of wave-particle duality. Applied to atoms, minimization of orbital angular momentum leads to Hund’s rules. The orientation of angular momenta in lower-symmetry molecular environments follows from the well-known Jahn-Teller theorem.

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44

Xian-Wen, Huang, Zhi-Shu Yao, Wang Bing-Hui, Zhou Ai-Zhao, and Peng-Ming Jiang. "Soil-Rock Slope Stability Analysis under Top Loading considering the Nonuniformity of Rocks." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9575307.

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Soil-rock slopes are widely distributed in central or western China. With the development of transportation, many subgrades are being built on mountainsides and therefore, slope stability has to be estimated under high loadings. To obtain better estimation results, a new rock contour establishing algorithm was developed, capable of considering interlock effect between rocks. Then, computed tomography (CT) and unconfined triaxial tests with ring top loadings were conducted. Based on rock distribution characteristics (obtained by CT photos) and the appearance of shear failure surfaces in slopes under ring top loadings, four rock skeleton status and five shear failure surface developing models were introduced. Based on the developed rock contour establishing algorithm, ten groups (twelve models per group) were established and calculated by finite element method (FEM). After this, normalized ultimate loading increasing multiple N, which was the ultimate loading ratio of rock-containing slope to uniform soil slope, was introduced to evaluate the influence of rock distributions on slope stability. The value of N was increased with the increase of rock content due to rock skeleton status. The values of N in slopes with angular rocks were about three times higher than those with round rocks which was due to complex geometric shape and distribution characteristics of angular rocks. Then, considering different slope angles (50°–60°), rock contents (0%–60%), and rock shapes (round and angular), the ultimate loading increasing multiple N of soil-rock slopes under high loadings was calculated and suggested for engineering designs. Finally, based on the failure surfaces of numerical modes, three typical failure modes were developed, which could be reference for designers to deal with slopes.

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45

Palchikova, Irina G., Igor V. Latyshov, Evgenii S. Smirnov, Vasilii A. Vasiliev, Alexander V. Kondakov, and Irina A. Budaeva. "Computer Vision in Analyzing the Propagation of a Gas–Gunpowder Jet." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010006.

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A method of mathematically processing the digital images of targets is developed. The theoretical and mathematical justification and the experimental validation of the possibility of estimating the amount of gunshot residue (GSR) and determining the GSR distribution over the target on the basis of its digital image is provided. The analysis of the optical density in selected concentric rings in the images reveals the radial dependence of soot distribution in the cross section of a gas–gunpowder jet. The analysis of the optical density in selected sectors of the circle reveals the angular dependence of the soot distribution in the gas–gunpowder jet cross section. It is shown that the integral optical density averaged over a selected area in the target image characterizes the mass of GSP deposited on it. It is possible to quantify the differences in the radial and angular distributions of the thickness of the GSR layer on various targets obtained both with the help of weapons of different types at the same distances and with the help of weapons of the same type at different distances, by calculating the distribution of optical density on their digital images.

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46

Frank, Douglas G., Teresa Golden, Frank Lu, and Arthur T. Hubbard. "Direct Imaging of Epitaxial Layers by Auger Electrons." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 5 (May 1990): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400059686.

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It has recently been demonstrated that the surface atomic structure of materials can be imaged by means of Auger electrons. Angular distribution Auger microscopy (ADAM) produces subatomic resolution images of atomic structure by measuring and displaying the complete angular distribution of Auger electrons emitted from atoms near the surface of a solid material or thin film. Auger angular distributions contain the “silhouettes” of surface atoms “backlit” by emission from atoms located deeper in the solid. The locations and shapes of these silhouettes directly reveal the relative positions of atoms near the surface.Consequently, ADAM is an exciting new technique for characterizing materials surfaces and epitaxially grown surfaces.Auger electrons have been employed for surface elemental analysis and depth- profiling for many years. The limited escape-depth of Auger electrons makes Auger spectroscopy inherently sensitive to the surface region. Depth profiling of materials, often performed in combination with ion etching, is widely used. ADAM offers the possibility of nondestructively obtaining profiles and structural information concerning buried interfaces and can also yield images of atomic structure.

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47

Ishikawa, Motoki, Kakuta Ishida, Reika Kanya, and Kaoru Yamanouchi. "Angle-Resolved Time-of-Flight Electron Spectrometer Designed for Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Electron Scattering and Diffraction." Instruments 7, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments7010004.

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We developed an apparatus for measuring kinetic energy and two-dimensional angular distributions of femtosecond laser-assisted electron scattering (LAES) signals with a high detection efficiency, consisting of a photocathode-type ultrashort pulsed electron gun, a gas injection nozzle, an angle-resolved time-of-flight analyzer, and a time-and-position sensitive electron detector. We also established an analysis method for obtaining the kinetic energy and two-dimensional angular distributions of scattered electrons from raw data of their flight times and the detected positions at the detector recorded using the newly developed apparatus. From the measurement of the LAES processes of Ar atoms in a femtosecond near-infrared intense laser field, we obtained a two-dimensional angular distribution image of the LAES signals and showed that the detection efficiency of the LAES signals was raised by a factor of 40 compared with that achieved before in 2010.

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48

Baxter, S. M., C. L. Morfey, and Richard K. Cook. "Angular Distribution Analysis in Acoustics by S. M. Baxter and C. L. Morfey." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, no. 6 (December 1987): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.395621.

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49

Borowski, S., T. Klüner, and H. J. Freund. "Complete analysis of the angular momentum distribution of molecules desorbing from a surface." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 19 (November 15, 2003): 10367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1618212.

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50

DIEHL, M. "ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTONS IN THE TRANSVERSE PLANE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 04 (February 10, 2006): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032368.

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Elastic nucleon form factors constrain the spatial distribution of quarks in the impact parameter plane. A recent analysis found that the average impact parameter of quarks strongly depends on their longitudinal momentum, and obtained an estimate of the orbital angular momentum carried by valence quarks in the proton.

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