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Книги з теми "And Correlations: BasicConcepts and Methods"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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1

Driscoll, John C. Spatial correlations in panel data. [Washington, D.C.]: World Bank, Policy Research Dept., Macroeconomics and Growth Division, 1995.

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2

L, Bishop Michael, Fody Edward P, and Schoeff Larry E, eds. Clinical chemistry: Techniques, principles, correlations. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

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3

de, Waterbeemd Han van, ed. Structure-property correlations in drug research. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 1996.

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4

de, Waterbeemd Han van, ed. Structure-property correlations in drug research. Austin, TX: R.G. Langes Co., 1996.

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5

NATO Advanced Study on Propagation of Correlations in Constrained Systems (1990 Cargèse, France). Correlations and connectivity: Geometric aspects of physics, chemistry, and biology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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6

Ellen, Shapiro Barbara, ed. Electromyography and neuromuscular disorders: Clinical-electrophysiologic correlations. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998.

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7

L, Bishop Michael, Fody Edward P, and Schoeff Larry E, eds. Clinical chemistry: Principles, procedures, correlations. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

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8

Z, Ali Syed, ed. Atlas of urinary cytopathology with histopathologic correlations. New York: Demos Medical, 2010.

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9

Luna, Antonio Bayés de. Electrocardiography in ischemic heart disease: Clinical and imaging correlations and prognostic implications. Malden, Mass: Blackwell/Futura, 2008.

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10

Koss, Leopold G. Introduction to gynecologic cytopathology, with histologic and clinical correlations. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

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11

D, Jacobstein Mark, ed. Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease: Anatomic, angiographic, and echocardiographic correlations. St. Louis: Mosby, 1988.

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12

Luna, Antonio Bayés de. The surface electrocardiography in ischemic heart disease: Clinical and imaging correlations and prognostic implications. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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13

“Data Mining Concepts & Techniques”. 3rd ed. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2011.

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14

Endometrial Cytology With Tissue Correlations. Springer, 2009.

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15

W, Bishop John, Stanley J. Robboy, and John A. Maksem. Endometrial Cytology with Tissue Correlations. Springer, 2009.

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16

Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, Correlations. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2017.

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17

Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders: Clinical-Electrophysiologic Correlations. Saunders, 2012.

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18

Bishop, Michael L., Edward P. Fody, and Larry E. Schoeff. Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Procedures, Correlations. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.

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19

Shapiro, Barbara E., and David C. Preston. Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders: Clinical-Electrophysiologic-Ultrasound Correlations. Elsevier, 2020.

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20

Jaffe, Allan S., and Alan S. Maisel. Cardiac Biomarkers: Case Studies and Clinical Correlations. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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21

Cardiac Biomarkers: Case Studies and Clinical Correlations. Springer International Publishing AG, 2016.

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22

Karimi, Reza. Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences with Patient Care Correlations. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2014.

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23

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences with Patient Care Correlations. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2014.

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24

Mantegna, Rosario N., and H. Eugene Stanley. Introduction to Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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25

Mantegna, Rosario N., and H. Eugene Stanley. Introduction to Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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26

Mantegna, Rosario N., and H. Eugene Stanley. Introduction to Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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27

Mantegna, Rosario N. Introduction to econophysics: Correlations and complexity in finance. Cambridge, UK ; New York :Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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28

Stanley, H. Eugene, and Rosario N. Mantegna. Introduction to Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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29

Mantegna, Rosario N., and H. Eugene Stanley. Introduction to Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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30

Archaeometry: Colloquium 3. : Dating methods : comparisons and correlations : Colloquium 4. : Digital image processing ... Forlı̀: ABACO, 1996.

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31

Bianconi, Ginestra. Structural Correlations of Multiplex Networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0007.

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Multiplex networks encode relevant information in their correlated structure, including interlayer degree correlation, link overlap, weight–topology correlations in weighted multiplex networks and activity of the nodes. Interlayer degree correlations among a pair of layers indicates for instance whether or not the hub nodes of one layer are also hub nodes in the other. Link overlap indicates that a finite fraction of nodes are connected in more than one layer. Weight–topology correlations of weighted complex networks reveal that the weight of the links is not random, but often correlated with the link overlap. Finally, the nodes of a multiplex network might be connected only in a subset of the network, leading to a heterogeneity node activity. This chapter identifies the main multiplex network measures for characterizing these correlations, and evaluates their significance using statistical and information theory methods and novel multiplex network measures, including multilinks and multidegrees.

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32

Megahed, Mosaad. Histopathology of Blistering Diseases: With Clinical, Electron Microscopic, Immunological and Molecular Biological Correlations. Springer, 2004.

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33

Diagnostic imaging of the head and neck: MRI with CT & PET correlations. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.

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34

Megahed, Mosaad. Histopathology of Blistering Diseases: With Clinical, Electron Microscopic, Immunological and Molecular Biological Correlations Textbook and Atlas. Springer, 2012.

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35

Megahed, Mosaad. Histopathology of Blistering Diseases: With Clinical, Electron Microscopic, Immunological and Molecular Biological Correlations Textbook and Atlas. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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36

(Editor), Salvador Gonzalez, Melissa Gill (Editor), and Allan C. Halpern (Editor), eds. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Cutaneous Tumors: An Atlas with Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histological Correlations. Informa Healthcare, 2008.

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37

Velkushanova, Konstantina, Linda Strande, Mariska Ronteltap, Thammarat Koottatep, Damir Brdjanovic, and Chris Buckley, eds. Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780409122.

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Faecal sludge management is recognized globally as an essential component of city-wide inclusive sanitation. However, a major gap in developing appropriate and adequate management and monitoring for faecal sludge is the ability to understand and predict the characteristics and volumes of accumulated faecal sludge, and correlations to source populations. Since standard methods for sampling and analysing faecal sludge do not currently exist, results are not comparable, the actual variability is not yet fully understood, and the transfer of knowledge and data between different regions and institutions can be challenging and often arbitrary. Due to this lack of standard analytical methods for faecal sludge, methods from other fields, such as wastewater management, and soil and food science are frequently applied. However, these methods are not necessarily the most suitable for faecal sludge analysis, and have not been specifically adapted for this purpose. Characteristics of faecal sludge can be different than these other matrices by orders of magnitude. There is also a lack of standard methods for sampling, which is complicated by the difficult nature of in situ sampling, the wide range of onsite sanitation technologies and potential sampling locations, and the diverse heterogeneity of faecal sludge within onsite containments and within cities. This illustrates the urgent need to establish common methods and procedures for faecal sludge characterisation, quantification, sampling, and modelling. The aim of this book is to provide a basis for standardised methods for the analysis of faecal sludge from onsite sanitation technologies, for improved communication between sanitation practitioners, and for greater confidence in the generated data. The book presents background information on types of faecal sludge, methods for sample collection, health and safety procedures for handling, case studies of experimental design, an approach for estimating faecal sludge at community to city-wide scales, modelling containment and treatment processes, recipes for simulants, and laboratory methods for faecal sludge analysis currently in use by faecal sludge laboratories. This book will be beneficial for researchers, laboratory technicians, academics, students and sanitation practitioners. ISBN13: 9781780409115 eISBN: 9781780409122

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38

Organisation of goal-directed behaviour: Development of experimental methods and analysis of chronic and acute effects of alcohol on correlations between brain potentials. Oulu: Universitatis ouluensis, 1994.

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39

Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Multiple particle tracking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0004.

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The fundamentals and best practices of multiple particle tracking microrheology are discussed, including methods for producing video microscopy data, analyzing data to obtain mean-squared displacements and displacement correlations, and, critically, the accuracy and errors (static and dynamic) associated with particle tracking. Applications presented include two-point microrheology, methods for characterizing heterogeneous material rheology, and shell models of local (non-continuum) heterogeneity. Particle tracking has a long history. The earliest descriptions of Brownian motion relied on precise observations, and later quantitative measurements, using light microscopy.

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40

Durán, Juan I., Rainer Reisenzein, and José-Miguel Fernández-Dols. Coherence Between Emotions and Facial Expressions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0007.

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The phrase “facial expression of emotion” contains the implicit assumption that facial expressions co-occur with, and are a consequence of, experienced emotions. Is this assumption true, or more precisely, to what degree is it true? In other words, what is the degree of statistical covariation, or coherence, between emotions and facial expressions? In this chapter, we review empirical evidence from laboratory and field studies that speaks to this question, summarizing studies results concerning expressions of emotions frequently considered as “basic”: happiness-amusement, surprise, disgust, sadness, anger and fear. We provide general and separate emotion mean correlations and proportions as coherence estimates as using meta-analytic methods.

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41

Johnson, Jeff W., and Sarah A. Hezlett. Modeling the Influence of Personality on Individuals at Work: A Review and Research Agenda. Edited by Susan Cartwright and Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0004.

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The purpose of this article is to review research relevant to understanding the processes through which personality influences work outcomes. It first provides an overview of personality constructs prominent in the literature on personality at work. Next, the article reviews recent research on personality measurement, including: issues associated with different measurement methods; and how the level of measurement and alternative personality taxonomies influence relationships between personality and work outcomes. It summarizes models describing the processes underlying observed correlations between personality traits and both attitudes and performance. The article then presents an integrated model of the relationship between personality and performance that pulls together aspects of each model reviewed. This model highlights the mediating role attitudes play in the path from personality to performance. The article closes with a research agenda suggested by the integrated model.

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42

Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Graphs with hard constraints: further applications and extensions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0007.

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This chapter looks at further topics pertaining to the effective use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo to sample from hard- and soft-constrained exponential random graph models. The chapter considers the question of how moves can be sampled efficiently without introducing unintended bias. It is shown mathematically and numerically that apparently very similar methods of picking out moves can give rise to significant differences in the average topology of the networks generated by the MCMC process. The general discussion in complemented with pseudocode in the relevant section of the Algorithms chapter, which explicitly sets out some accurate and practical move sampling approaches. The chapter also describes how the MCMC equilibrium probabilities can be purposely deformed to, for example, target desired correlations between degrees of connected nodes. The mathematical exposition is complemented with graphs showing the results of numerical simulations.

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43

Haspelmath, Martin. A Typological Perspective on Indefinite Pronouns. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235606.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the goals and methods of a typological perspective on indefinite pronouns. It begins with an overview of language typology and the reasons why typological research is very important to our understanding of human language. It then considers the four steps involved in a typological study. First, the domain of phenomena to be compared across languages is delimited by formulating a definition that is cross-linguistically applicable. Second, the space of typological variation is mapped out by providing a complete taxonomy of the various means by which the phenomenon under discussion is expressed in different languages. Third, correlations between individual structural options and other parts of the grammar are identified and formulated as implicational universals. Fourth, explanations for these universals are sought. General problems of typological sampling are highlighted and the two samples used in the typological study are described: the 40-language sample and the 100-language sample.

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44

Newman, Mark. The configuration model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0012.

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A discussion of the most fundamental of network models, the configuration model, which is a random graph model of a network with a specified degree sequence. Following a definition of the model a number of basic properties are derived, including the probability of an edge, the expected number of multiedges, the excess degree distribution, the friendship paradox, and the clustering coefficient. This is followed by derivations of some more advanced properties including the condition for the existence of a giant component, the size of the giant component, the average size of a small component, and the expected diameter. Generating function methods for network models are also introduced and used to perform some more advanced calculations, such as the calculation of the distribution of the number of second neighbors of a node and the complete distribution of sizes of small components. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of extensions of the configuration model to directed networks, bipartite networks, networks with degree correlations, networks with high clustering, and networks with community structure, among other possibilities.

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45

Bandyopadhyay, Arindam. Basic Statistics for Risk Management in Banks and Financial Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849014.001.0001.

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The book provides an engaging account of theoretical, empirical, and practical aspects of various statistical methods in measuring risks of financial institutions, especially banks. In this book, the author demonstrates how banks can apply many simple but effective statistical techniques to analyse risks they face in business and safeguard themselves from potential vulnerability. It covers three primary areas of banking risks—credit, market, and operational risk, and in a uniquely intuitive, step-by-step manner, the author provides hands-on details on the primary statistical tools that can be applied for financial risk measurement and management. The book lucidly introduces concepts of various well-known statistical methods such as correlations, regression, matrix approach, probability and distribution theorem, hypothesis testing, Value at Risk (Vary), and Monte Carlo simulation techniques and provides a hands-on estimation and interpretation of these tests in measuring risks of the financial institutions. The books strike a fine balance between concepts and mathematics to tell a rich story of thoughtful use of statistical methods. The book will be of much interest to academics, risk managers, bankers, and consultants and general readers too. It emphasizes on specific risk measurement tools and techniques with data applications, templates required for data collection and analysis, numerous excel-based illustrations as well as analysis in econometric packages. Excel-based hands-on and use of econometric packages like STATA, EVIEWS, and @RISK will help practitioners, academia, and students to connect theory with application.

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46

Alice and Bob Meet Banach: The Interface of Asymptotic Geometric Analysis and Quantum Information Theory. American Mathematical Society, 2017.

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47

Ross, John, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel O. Vlad. Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195178685.001.0001.

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In a chemical system with many chemical species several questions can be asked: what species react with other species: in what temporal order: and with what results? These questions have been asked for over one hundred years about simple and complex chemical systems, and the answers constitute the macroscopic reaction mechanism. In Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms authors John Ross, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel Vlad present several systematic approaches for obtaining information on the causal connectivity of chemical species, on correlations of chemical species, on the reaction pathway, and on the reaction mechanism. Basic pulse theory is demonstrated and tested in an experiment on glycolysis. In a second approach, measurements on time series of concentrations are used to construct correlation functions and a theory is developed which shows that from these functions information may be inferred on the reaction pathway, the reaction mechanism, and the centers of control in that mechanism. A third approach is based on application of genetic algorithm methods to the study of the evolutionary development of a reaction mechanism, to the attainment given goals in a mechanism, and to the determination of a reaction mechanism and rate coefficients by comparison with experiment. Responses of non-linear systems to pulses or other perturbations are analyzed, and mechanisms of oscillatory reactions are presented in detail. The concluding chapters give an introduction to bioinformatics and statistical methods for determining reaction mechanisms.

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48

Boothroyd, Andrew T. Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862314.001.0001.

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The book contains a comprehensive account of the theory and application of neutron scattering for the study of the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. All the principal experimental techniques available at national and international neutron scattering facilities are covered. The formal theory is presented, and used to show how neutron scattering measurements give direct access to a variety of correlation and response functions which characterize the equilibrium properties of bulk matter. The determination of atomic arrangements and magnetic structures by neutron diffraction and neutron optical methods is described, including single-crystal and powder diffraction, diffuse scattering from disordered structures, total scattering, small-angle scattering, reflectometry, and imaging. The principles behind the main neutron spectroscopic techniques are explained, including continuous and time-of-flight inelastic scattering, quasielastic scattering, spin-echo spectroscopy, and Compton scattering. The scattering cross-sections for atomic vibrations in solids, diffusive motion in atomic and molecular fluids, and single-atom and cooperative magnetic excitations are calculated. A detailed account of neutron polarization analysis is given, together with examples of how polarized neutrons can be exploited to obtain information about structural and magnetic correlations which cannot be obtained by other methods. Alongside the theoretical aspects, the book also describes the essential practical information needed to perform experiments and to analyse and interpret the data. Exercises are included at the end of each chapter to consolidate and enhance understanding of the material, and a summary of relevant results from mathematics, quantum mechanics, and linear response theory, is given in the appendices.

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49

Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.

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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.

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