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Книги з теми "Ancient raw materials economies"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 червня 2024

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1

T, Nicholson Paul, and Shaw Ian 1961-, eds. Ancient Egyptian materials and technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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2

Terradas, Xavier, Nuno Ferreira Bicho, and Telmo Pereira. The exploitation of raw materials in prehistory: Sourcing, processing and distribution. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.

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3

Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Gestione dell'acqua in Europa (XII-XVIII Secc.) / Water Management in Europe (12th-18th centuries). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-700-9.

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Water was a source of wealth which facilitated, fostered or brutally halted economic development in the Ancien Regime. Lack of hygiene meant that water was used less for drinking than other drinks, but as a raw material, source of energy, cooling, rinsing and cleansing agent, water was unequalled. It played a role in public and private relaxation and in health. Water also proved to be an ideal, safe and cheap means of transporting goods and ideas. Urban historians have long pointed to the enormous comparative advantage enjoyed by towns and regions whose favourable maritime or riverine location gave them access to cheap water-borne transport. But water just as often posed a threat to economic development and prosperity, whether due to its absence or its specific composition or level of pollution or to uncontrollable abundance. This duality is still present today in our modern, globalised society. While huge quantities of fresh, potable water are wasted in the West, free or cheap access to fresh and abundant water supplies remains a major challenge for millions of individuals on the planet. Major floods in different parts of the world regularly cause economic damage and endless human suffering. With a Settimana devoted to the management of the water supply, excluding related topics as water consumption, water transport and the use of water in agriculture and industry, the Istituto Datini is seeking to draw attention.

4

Miller, Rebecca Catherine. Lithic resource management during the Belgian early Upper Paleolithic: Effects of variable raw material context on lithic economy = Gestion des ressources lithiques pendant le paléolithique supérieur ancien en Belgique : effets des contextes variables des matières premières sur l'économie lithique. Liege: Universite de Liege, 2001.

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5

Knopf, Thomas, Alexandra David, Dieter Rehfeld, Frank Hillebrandt, Constance von Rüden, Michael Roos, Silviane Scharl, et al. The RITaK Conferences. 2013-2014: Raw Materials, Innovation, Technology of Ancient Cultures - RITaK 1. Edited by Petra Eisenach, Thomas Stöllner, and Arne Windler. Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/dbm.139.

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Globally, raw materials play a central role and are a key factor in determining the economic power and growth of modern states, confederations and coalitions. The extraction and supply of raw materials is a main driving force in global trade today, but has also profoundly influenced human economic and cultural history. In order to elucidate the importance of mineral ores in pre-modern societies, PhD students and staff at the Leibniz graduate school “Raw Materials, Innovation and Technology of Ancient Cultures” [RITaK] – a co-operation between the German Mining Museum [Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, DBM] and the Ruhr-University Bochum [RUB] – were involved in interdisciplinary research. This publication contains the results of the international RITaK end-of-project conference, held from the 27th-29th of September, as well as contributions to the RITaK workshop “Perspectives for an Economic Archaeology”, held on the 22nd and 23rd of November 2013. At a theoretical and model-building level, the first seven articles provide archaeological, sociological and economic perspectives on the diverse economic, cognitive, cultural and social feedback processes set in motion by the appropriation and use of raw materials. The following contributions focus on different archaeological and historical cultures in Europe, Central Asia and the Mediterranean area from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Raw material processing and preparation, metal recycling, prehistoric and historic mining, the exchange mechanisms involving raw materials and their products, as well as technology and knowledge transfer, are all covered. Together, the 23 contributions to this volume offer the possibility for intensive engagement with the theme of resources and their influence on and entanglement with human behaviour, mentalities, knowledge acquisition, technological and social developments and even the relationship between people and their environments and the human appropriation of space.

6

Steffian, Amy, Patrick Saltonstall, and Linda Finn Yarborough. Maritime Economies of the Central Gulf of Alaska after 4000 . Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.19.

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Alaska’s central gulf coast encompasses four environmentally diverse regions stretching from Prince William Sound to the Pacific coast of the Alaska Peninsula. Despite their unique geographic and biological settings, these regions have a distinct and cohesive cultural history. Here, the historic distribution of Alutiiq or Sugpiaq peoples reflects the distribution of prehistoric cultures, illustrating a broadly unified evolutionary trajectory. Archaeological data from the past 4,000 years suggest the development of prosperous, permanent villages from smaller, more fluid foraging communities through human ingenuity—the ability to harvest resources with increasing efficiency and to manage inevitable fluctuations in the availability of foods and raw materials in a productive but dynamic environment. Together, changes in climate, population growth, technological innovation, and interaction with other peoples shaped the central gulf’s ancient societies into the powerful corporate groups recorded historically.

7

Matthews, Emily. The Weight of Nations : Material Outflows from Industrial Economies. World Resources Institute, 2000.

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8

(Editor), Paul T. Nicholson, and Ian Shaw (Editor), eds. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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9

Ancient Egyptian Materials And Technology. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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10

Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Emerging Economies as Growth Drivers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0008.

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The role of emerging markets is changing in the twenty-first century, from the traditional provider of low-cost, labor-intensive goods to a global growth engine. These emerging economies are growing at double the rate of advanced economies because of technology and global connectivity. Traditionally they have been big exporters of commodities and raw materials to the rest of the world. The export of commodities has contributed significantly to the development of industrial and physical infrastructure in many countries around the world. However, emerging markets are also lucrative markets and an important source of growth for many international companies as they export their products or increase their presence in these markets by opening subsidiaries or through joint venture mechanisms. Today these markets are coming into their own, moving from sole source exporters feeding the world’s growth to becoming increasingly significant normative economic members of the global family.

11

Ikram, Salima. Animals in ancient Egyptian religion. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.30.

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In addition to providing food, companionship, and raw materials for clothing, furniture, tools, and ornaments, animals also played a key role in religious practices in ancient Egypt. Apart from serving as sacrifices, each god had one or more animal as a totem. Certain specially marked exemplars of these species were revered as manifestations of that god that enjoyed all the privileges of being a deity during their lifetime and which were mummified and buried with pomp upon their death. Other animals, which did not bear the distinguishing marks, were mummified and offered to the gods, transmitting the prayers of devotees directly to their divinities. These number in the millions and were a significant feature of Egyptian religious belief and self-identity in the later periods of Egyptian history.

12

Wagner, Evamaria. Risikomanagement rohstoffexportierender Entwicklungslander (Allokation im marktwirtschaftlichen System). P. Lang, 1997.

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13

Whitridge, Peter. Classic Thule [Classic Precontact Inuit]. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.41.

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During the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries A.D., the ancestors of modern Inuit settled into the Eastern Arctic, building durable regional economies that were integrated through a far-flung trading network. Although cultural and economic diversity increased over time, a hallmark of this period was bowhead whaling, which supplied a significant proportion of the food, fuel, and raw materials consumed in many areas, and shaped social and political life by virtue of the importance of boat-crew-based organization. A western Arctic flavor to this pattern is reflected in the ubiquity of a combined dance house–men’s house and associated shared-mound house group, both of which decline or undergo substantial transformation during later precontact times, after a collapse of whaling coincident with the onset of the Little Ice Age.

14

Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Australia—The Hidden Jewel. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0012.

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The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

15

Sinharoy, Arindam, and Piet N. L. Lens, eds. Environmental Technologies to Treat Rare Earth Elements Pollution: Principles and Engineering. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062236.

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Rare earth elements (REE) have applications in various modern technologies, e.g., semiconductors, mobile phones, magnets. They are categorized as critical raw materials due to their strategic importance in economies and high risks associated with their supply chain. Therefore, more sustainable practices for efficient extraction and recovery of REE from secondary sources are being developed. This book, Environmental Technologies to Treat Rare Earth Elements Pollution: Principles and Engineering: presents the fundamentals of the (bio)geochemical cycles of rare earth elements and which imbalances in these cycles result in pollution.overviews physical, chemical and biological technologies for successful treatment of water, air, soils and sediments contaminated with different rare earth elements.explores the recovery of value-added products from waste streams laden with rare earth elements, including nanoparticles and quantum dots. This book is suited for teaching and research purposes as well as professional reference for those working on rare earth elements. In addition, the information provided in this book is helpful to scientists, researchers and practitioners in related fields, such as those working on metal/metalloid microbe interaction and sustainable green approaches for resource recovery from wastes. ISBN: 9781789062229 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062236 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062243 (ePUB)

16

Perera, S. A. C. N., and L. D. Amarasinghe, eds. Marching Towards a Bioeconomy. Institute of Biology, Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/bks.faps.00001.

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Bioeconomy has evolved as a solution to economic, social and environmental problems within and across all the sectors of world economies. It has brought about the materials technology shift from synthetics to bio-based raw materials to introduce sustainable technologies. Activities in the bioeconomy primarily involve the production of biomass from plants, animals, microorganisms and its conversion into bio-based products. Agriculture is a major component in a bioeconomy. Countries with a larger landmass have a competitive advantage in biomass production through agriculture hence a larger bioeconomy. Sri Lanka, with its limited land availability, cannot expand the land further for biomass production through traditional agriculture. The bioeconomy of Sri Lanka therefore have to move beyond traditional agriculture pursuing more scientific approaches for biomass production and conversion. The use of crops as a renewable industrial feedstock and the application of biotechnology are, therefore, indispensable for the implementation of sustainable development strategies in the country. The rich biodiversity on land and the sea of the country is still underutilized and has a great potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. There is a pressing need in the country to create a motivated society to pursue the promising prospects offered by the bioeconomy in development.

17

Bagnall, Roger S., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199843695.001.0001.

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Thousands of texts, written over a period of three thousand years on papyri and potsherds, in Egyptian, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Hebrew, Persian, and other languages, have transformed our knowledge of many aspects of life in the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. This book provides an introduction to the world of these ancient documents and literary texts, ranging from the raw materials of writing to the languages used, from the history of papyrology to its future, and from practical help in reading papyri to frank opinions about the nature of the work of papyrologists. It takes account of the important changes experienced by the discipline, especially within the last thirty years. The book includes work by twenty-seven international experts and more than one hundred illustrations.

18

Askari Chaverdi, Alireza, and Pierfrancesco Calieri, eds. From Palace to Town. Report on the multidisciplinary project carried out by the Iranian-Italian Joint Archaeological Mission on the Persepolis Terrace (Fars, Iran), 2008-2013. 4. Science for Archaeology. 2nd ed. Bradyous, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12977/from_palace_to_town_4b.

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The project started in 2008 by the Iranian-Italian Archaeological Mission in Fars, “From Palace to Town: An integrated multidisciplinary approach to Persepolis terrace and town”, had two main objectives, respectively in the fields of archaeology and conservation. The multidisciplinary approach of an up-to-date study of the past has included the application of physical and chemical investigations to the study of various classes of finds from the excavations at the sites of Persepolis West and Bagh-e Firuzi / Tol-e Ajori, representing the archaeological section of the project. This volume, the fourth of the series of final reports on the 2008-2013 project “From Palace to Town”, includes archaeometric studies on raw clay, ceramics, bricks, metals and bitumen. It makes available the large amount of data collected in these fields, and represents an important contribution to the knowledge of the production of these classes of archaeological materials from ancient Iran.