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Статті в журналах з теми "Analysis by backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD)"
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Goehner, R. P., and J. R. Michael. "Microdiffraction phase identification in the scanning electron microscope (SEM)." Powder Diffraction 19, no. 2 (June 2004): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1757450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The identification of crystallographic phases in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been limited by the lack of a simple way to obtain electron diffraction data of an unknown while observing the microstructure of the specimen. With the development of charge coupled device (CCD)-based detectors, backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns, alternately referred to as electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) patterns, can be easily collected. Previously, EBSD has been limited to crystallographic orientation studies due to the poor pattern quality collected with video rate detector systems. With CCD detectors, a typical EBSD can now be acquired from a micron or submicron sized crystal using an exposure time of 1–10 s with an accelerating voltage of 10–40 kV and a beam current as low as 0.1 nA. Crystallographic phase analysis using EBSD is unique in that the properly equipped SEM permits high magnification images, EBSDs, and elemental information to be collected from bulk specimens. EBSD in the SEM has numerous advantages over other electron beam-based crystallographic techniques. The large angular view (∼70°) provided by EBSD and the ease of specimen preparation are distinct advantages of the technique. No sample preparation beyond what is commonly used for SEM specimens is required for EBSD.
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Hauegen, Christien G., Fabiane R. Freitas da Silva, Fernanda A. Sampaio da Silva, Jefferson Fabricio Cardoso Lins, and Marcos Flavio de Campos. "EBSD Texture Analysis of NdFeB Magnets." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The crystallographical texture is relevant information for NdFeB magnets, since the maximum energy product is directly related to orientation of the crystals. EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) is a very suitable tool for preferred orientation measurement of NdFeB magnets. The advantages of EBSD against X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pole figures for texture determination are discussed. EBSD identifies misaligned grains, and this is not feasible with XRD pole figures. EBSD is also helpful on the identification of oxides.
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Wright, Stuart I., Matthew M. Nowell, and David P. Field. "A Review of Strain Analysis Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 3 (March 22, 2011): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611000055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSince the automation of the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, EBSD systems have become commonplace in microscopy facilities within materials science and geology research laboratories around the world. The acceptance of the technique is primarily due to the capability of EBSD to aid the research scientist in understanding the crystallographic aspects of microstructure. There has been considerable interest in using EBSD to quantify strain at the submicron scale. To apply EBSD to the characterization of strain, it is important to understand what is practically possible and the underlying assumptions and limitations. This work reviews the current state of technology in terms of strain analysis using EBSD. First, the effects of both elastic and plastic strain on individual EBSD patterns will be considered. Second, the use of EBSD maps for characterizing plastic strain will be explored. Both the potential of the technique and its limitations will be discussed along with the sensitivity of various calculation and mapping parameters.
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Zhao, Shan-Rong, Chang Xu, and Chuan Li. "Identification of twins in muscovite: an electron backscattered diffraction study." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 234, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2018-2139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Twins in micas are difficultly identified due to mica’s hexagonal pseudosymmetry. Many theoretic studies on mica twins have been reported but experimental observations are very limited. In this paper, we present an electron backscattered diffraction analysis to identify twins in the muscovite in a quartz schist occurring in the UHP-HP metamorphic rock belt in Dabie Mountain, China. A trilling twin with twin law <310>/{110} is common in the muscovite. A six-couplet twin consisting of two trilling twins related by twin laws <110>/{130} and <001>/{001}(or <100>/{100}) has been discovered. This six-couplet twin contains many cross-twin relationships among the most common mica twin laws <310>/{110}, <110>/{130} and <001>/{001}. The composition plane for twin laws <110>/{130} and <001>/{001} is {001} which is reasonable in mica structure to form a twin by rotation around twin axes, and that for twin law <310>/{110} is irregular based on EBSD resolution. A possible misindexation of a trilling twin or a 3T polytype during EBSD test is discussed, which is helpful to distinguish a twin from a polytype in micas. The occurring frequency of twin law <310>/{110} is higher than that of twin laws <110>/{130} and <001>/{001}, which is consistent to the deducing result from mica structure analysis. This research provides a convenient and effective EBSD method to identify mica twins and an experimental method to distinguish a twin from a polytype in micas, which is a problem confusing researchers for many years.
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Dimitrova, Rositza, Roumen Petrov, Pavel Kuzmanov, Аngel Velikov та Valentin Manolov. "Electron Microscopy Investigations of А356 Alloy Modified with Nanoparticles". Metals 9, № 12 (1 грудня 2019): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two types of A356 alloy castings in initial and modified with nanoparticles condition produced by gravitational casting were studied. Samples, as-cut from the castings, were subjected to light optical microscopy (LM), thermal analyses, Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) analyses. Results, obtained by EBSD, confirmed that there is grain refinement in samples from castings with added nanoparticles compared to the initial ones. STEM analysis shows agglomerates of nanoparticles in examined foils. Nanoparticles’ position in the microstructure confirms the hypothesis that they act as nucleating sites during the alloy solidification, which is the reason for observed fine-grained microstructure.
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Small, J., and J. Michael. "Phase Identification of Individual Particles by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600014458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKP) were first observed by Alam et al. in 1954. J.A. Venables and C.J. Harland made the initial observation of BEKP and in the scanning electron microscope in 1973. In 1996, Goehner and Michael developed an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system that uses a 1024 × 1024 pixel CCD camera coupled to a thin scintillator rather than photographic film. In their system, the quality of the raw patterns is improved by the use of “flat fielding” which normalizes the raw image to a “flat field” reference image that contains the image artifacts, including background, but not the crystallographic information. Automated pattern analysis is carried out using a Hough transform to locate bands and band edges in the pattern. The resulting crystallographic information is coupled with the elemental information from energy or wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry and the phase is identified is made through a link to a database such as the Powder Diffraction Files published by ICDD. An indexed pattern of the suspected phase is then synthesized for comparison to the unknown. This system is marketed commercially by Noran Instruments and offers the first practical method for rapid identification of unknown crystallographic phases in the SEM.
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Lee, Tae-Ho, Heon-Young Ha, Byoungchul Hwang, Sung-Joon Kim, Eunjoo Shin, and Jong Wook Lee. "Scale-Bridging Analysis on Deformation Behavior of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Steels." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S5 (August 2013): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613012385.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractScale-bridging analysis on deformation behavior of high-nitrogen austenitic Fe–18Cr–10Mn–(0.39 and 0.69)N steels was performed by neutron diffraction, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two important modes of deformation were identified depending on the nitrogen content: deformation twinning in the 0.69 N alloy and strain-induced martensitic transformation in the 0.39 N alloy. The phase fraction and deformation faulting probabilities were evaluated based on analyses of peak shift and asymmetry of neutron diffraction profiles. Semi in situ EBSD measurement was performed to investigate the orientation dependence of deformation microstructure and it showed that the variants of ε martensite as well as twin showed strong orientation dependence with respect to tensile axis. TEM observation showed that deformation twin with a {111}⟨112⟩ crystallographic component was predominant in the 0.69 N alloy whereas two types of strain-induced martensites (ε and α′ martensites) were observed in the 0.39 N alloy. It can be concluded that scale-bridging analysis using neutron diffraction, EBSD, and TEM can yield a comprehensive understanding of the deformation mechanism of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic steels.
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Zhang, Yucheng, Ping Lai, Huiping Jia, Xinhua Ju, and Guibin Cui. "Investigation of Test Parameters on EBSD Analysis of Retained Austenite in TRIP and Pipeline Steels." Metals 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9010094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article we discuss the effect of different test parameters on the analysis of retained austenite in TRIP590, TRIP780 and X90 steels, by means of Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. By analyzing the measuring retained austenite content under different conditions, the optimal test parameters were obtained. The retained austenite content measured both by the EBSD and XRD methods were also compared. The results showed that the test parameters had a great influence on the measured results of retained austenite content in steel by the EBSD method. The higher the indexing rate, the better the precision of the measured results. The step size used for EBSD analysis should not exceed 1/5 of the average grain size of retained austenite. The scanning area for EBSD retained austenite analysis in TRIP and pipeline steels should be no less than 0.068 mm2, which is recommended to be performed by multiple small fields.
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Osborn, William A., Mark J. McLean, and Brian Bush. "Selected Area Electron Beam Induced Deposition of Pt and W for EBSD Backgrounds." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 1 (February 2019): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618016173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractApplying high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) to materials without regions that are amenable to the acquisition of backgrounds for static flat fielding (background subtraction) can cause analysis problems. To address this difficulty, the efficacy of electron beam induced deposition (EBID) of material as a source for an amorphous background signal is assessed and found to be practical. Using EBID material for EBSD backgrounds allows single crystal and large-grained samples to be analyzed using HR-EBSD for strain and small angle rotation measurement.
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Russakova, Alyona, Darya Alontseva, and Tatyana Kolesnikova. "The Effect of Deformation and Irradiation with High-Energy Krypton Ions on the Structure and Phase Composition of Reactor Steels." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents some results of a complex research of 12Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel in the initial, deformed and irradiated ( 8436Kr+14, E=130MeV, Fmax=9x1015 ions/сm2) states using magnetometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD – analysis). Application of the EBSD method revealed differences between the non-irradiated and irradiated 12Cr18Ni10Ti steel specimens consisting in the fact that in the surface layer of an irradiated sample α-and ε - phases are formed. It was established that the fluence value affects the amount of magnetic α-phase. The study of the martensite α-phase morphology showed that in the deformed steel specimens there is αʹ- martensite of two scale levels.
Дисертації з теми "Analysis by backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD)"
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Aydogan, Eda. "Processing And Characterization Of Textured Barium Ferrite Ceramics." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614465/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Technological advances results in the fact that quite a large number of electronic equipment interacts with its environment leading to the malfunction of the devices. This brings about the necessity of using proper electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers/shields to avoid such interactions. In order to absorb EM waves in a large frequency band from several MHz to GHz, barium hexaferrite (BaHF) ceramics which are produced as textured ceramics as well as in multilayered form can be used. Textured ceramics are processed by tape casting using templated grain growth (TGG) phenomenon. In order to obtain textured ceramics, BaHF powders and platelets are required as raw materials in such a way that during sintering small size powders are directioned by large platelet surfaces. In this study, ferrite powders were synthesized by mixed oxide technique while the platelets were produced by both molten salt synthesis (MSS) and reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) methods. In the case of platelet synthesis by MSS, effects of calcination temperature and time as well as type and composition of the flux on the formation and morphology of platelets were investigated based on the XRD and SEM results. Studies have shown that KCl flux led to the formation of sharper platelet morphology, while NaCl resulted in more round shapes. However, extent of BaHF formation in the case of NaCl was higher when compared to KCl flux due to its higher wettability characteristic, and hence faster interaction with the raw materials. Since the aspect ratio of the synthesized platelets was only ca. 2-4, these platelets were not efficient for further TGG studies. Alternatively, BiFeO3 (BiF) particles having ~30-40 &mum average size were synthesized as seed crystals for the synthesis of BaHF platelets by RTGG method. After the washing of these platelets with dilute HNO3, pure BaHF powders and platelets were directed by tape casting which was followed by sintering using TGG phenomenon. Degree of achieved texturing in the processed ceramics was studied using Rietveld analysis, pole figure measurement and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD).
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Amalaraj, Akash Savio. "5D Grain Boundary Characterization from EBSD Microscopy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8816.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge of the full 5-degree Grain Boundary Character Distribution (GBCD) is vital to understanding properties, such as gas diffusivity, that are dominated by grain boundary character. Surface characterization techniques, such as Electron Backscattered diffraction (EBSD), can provide only 4 of the 5 GB characteristics (the rotation between the neighboring grains, and the trace of the GB on the surface). The inclination of the GB in the direction normal to the surface is not known. A previous study indicated that the GB inclination could be recovered by correlating the Electron Backscattered patterns (EBSPs) of sample points near the GB with EBSPs taken from the centers of the neighboring grains. The resultant transition curve could be compared with theoretical curves obtained from MonteCarlo simulations of electron yield from the two grains. However, a practical method based upon this study was never implemented. Here, a few microscopy and image filters have been applied to the EBSPs to improve the image quality. Also, several experiments have been conducted to verify and validate the interaction volume of the materials used to produce theoretical transition curves, in order to receive more accurate results. In this work, it is hypothesized that transition curves obtained from considering individual band intensities from the EBSPs will give more informative transition curves. The filtered EBSPs from the band intensities coupled with the accurate interaction volume values, should give us more reliable and repeatable transition curves, and that a more detailed comparison of the experimental and simulated transition curves will give higher fidelity results, in terms of GB inclination determination.
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Dylewski, Benoît. "Caractérisation expérimentale multi-échelles et multi-techniques du rail prélevé en service : de la déformation plastique sévère et des évolutions de microstructure à l'amorçage de fissures par Fatigue de Contact de Roulement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse est dédiée à la caractérisation de la déformation plastique sévère et des évolutions de la microstructure engendrées dans les rails en service, conduisant à leur fissuration par Fatigue de Contact de Roulement. L’amorçage de ces fissures en surface et leur propagation en profondeur mettent en jeu des phénomènes à l’échelle de la microstructure qui peuvent entrainer à l’échelle macroscopique des écaillages de surface ou même conduire à des ruptures brutales de rails en cours de fonctionnement. Pour améliorer la compréhension de ces différents phénomènes en sous surface, une méthodologie expérimentale multi-échelles et multi-techniques a été conduite sur des rails prélevés en cours de service. Dans un premier temps, la présence d’un gradient tridimensionnel de microstructure, de cristallographie et de propriétés mécaniques engendré par les contacts répétés avec les roues a été mise en évidence dans la tête du rail au cours de son fonctionnement. Par le biais d’une campagne de prélèvement de rails en circulation à différents chargements, les stades de mise en place de ces gradients et la déformation plastique accumulée dans la tête de rail ont ensuite pu être évalués, de même que leurs évolutions par rapport aux passages des roues sur le rail et au développement des fissures. Cette étude contribue ainsi à une meilleure appréhension des mécanismes d’endommagement en fatigue de contact de roulement des rails en fonctionnement et pourra fournir une base de données solide pour les travaux à venir dans le domaineThis work is dedicated to the characterization of severe plastic deformation and microstructure evolution induced in rails in service, leading to cracks initiation by Rolling Contact Fatigue. Initiation of these surface cracks and in-depth propagation involve several phenomena at the microstructure scale which can lead to surface spalling at the macroscopic scale or even to brutal failure of the rail during its service. To improve understanding of these various phenomena beneath the rail surface, an experimental, multi-scales and multi-techniques methodology has been followed on rails removed from service. In the first part of results, the presence of a three-dimensional gradient of microstructure, of crystallography and of mechanical properties induced by the repeated contacts with wheels has been highlighted in a rail head during its service. Then, by means of a field analysis campaign of rails removed from service at several accumulated loads, the different stages of in-depth gradients development and plastic deformation accumulated in the rail head have been estimated in relation with total accumulated tonnage and cracks initiation. This study contributes to improve the understanding of the damage mechanisms in rolling contact fatigue of rails in service and the modeling of rail plasticity and crack propagation by including anisotropy of the running band and effect of in-depth microstructure evolution
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Yuan, Hui. "3D morphological and crystallographic analysis of materials with a Focused Ion Beam (FIB)." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0134/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’optimise la tomographie par coupe sériée dans un microscope ‘FIB’, en utilisant soit l’imagerie électronique du microscope à balayage (tomographie FIB-MEB), soit la diffraction des électrons rétrodiffusés (tomographie dite EBSD 3D). Dans les 2 cas, des couches successives de l’objet d’étude sont abrasées à l’aide du faisceau ionique, et les images MEB ou EBSD ainsi acquises séquentiellement sont utilisées pour reconstruire le volume du matériau. A cause de différentes sources de perturbation incontrôlées, des dérives sont généralement présentes durant l'acquisition en tomographie FIB-MEB. Nous avons ainsi développé une procédure in situ de correction des dérives afin de garder automatiquement la zone d'intérêt (ROI) dans le champ de vue. Afin de reconstruction le volume exploré, un alignement post-mortem aussi précis que possible est requis. Les méthodes actuelles utilisant la corrélation-croisée, pour robuste que soit cette technique numérique, présente de sévères limitations car il est difficile, sinon parfois impossible de se fier à une référence absolue. Ceci a été démontré par des expériences spécifiques ; nous proposons ainsi 2 méthodes alternatives qui permettent un bon alignement. Concernant la tomographie EBSD 3D, les difficultés techniques liées au pilotage de la sonde ionique pour l'abrasion précise et au repositionnement géométrique correct de l’échantillon entre les positions d'abrasion et d’EBSD conduisent à une limitation importante de la résolution spatiale avec les systèmes commerciaux (environ 50 nm)3. L’EBSD 3D souffre par ailleurs de limites théoriques (grand volume d'interaction électrons-solide et effets d'abrasion. Une nouvelle approche, qui couple l'imagerie MEB de bonne résolution en basse tension, et la cartographie d'orientation cristalline en EBSD avec des tensions élevées de MEB est proposée. Elle a nécessité le développement de scripts informatiques permettant de piloter à la fois les opérations d’abrasion par FIB et l’acquisition des images MEB et des cartes EBSD. L’intérêt et la faisabilité de notre approche est démontrée sur un cas concret (superalliage de nickel). En dernier lieu, s’agissant de cartographie d’orientation cristalline, une méthode alternative à l’EBSD a été testée, qui repose sur l’influence des effets de canalisation (ions ou électrons) sur les contrastes en imagerie d’électrons secondaires. Cette méthode corrèle à des simulations la variation d’intensité de chaque grain dans une série d’images expérimentales obtenues en inclinant et/ou tournant l’échantillon sous le faisceau primaire. Là encore, la méthode est testée sur un cas réel (polycritsal de TiN) et montre, par comparaison avec une cartographie EBSD, une désorientation maximale d'environ 4° pour les angles d’Euler. Les perspectives d’application de cette approche, potentiellement beaucoup plus rapide que l’EBSD, sont évoquéesThe aim of current work is to optimize the serial-sectioning based tomography in a dual-beam focused ion beam (FIB) microscope, either by imaging in scanning electron microscopy (so-called FIB-SEM tomography), or by electron backscatter diffraction (so-called 3D-EBSD tomography). In both two cases, successive layers of studying object are eroded with the help of ion beam, and sequentially acquired SEM or EBSD images are utilized to reconstruct material volume. Because of different uncontrolled disruptions, drifts are generally presented during the acquisition of FIB-SEM tomography. We have developed thus a live drift correction procedure to keep automatically the region of interest (ROI) in the field of view. For the reconstruction of investigated volume, a highly precise post-mortem alignment is desired. Current methods using the cross-correlation, expected to be robust as this digital technique, show severe limitations as it is difficult, even impossible sometimes to trust an absolute reference. This has been demonstrated by specially-prepared experiments; we suggest therefore two alternative methods, which allow good-quality alignment and lie respectively on obtaining the surface topography by a stereoscopic approach, independent of the acquisition of FIB-SEM tomography, and realisation of a crossed ‘hole’ thanks to the ion beam. As for 3D-EBSD tomography, technical problems, linked to the driving the ion beam for accurate machining and correct geometrical repositioning of the sample between milling and EBSD position, lead to an important limitation of spatial resolution in commercial softwares (~ 50 nm)3. Moreover, 3D EBSD suffers from theoretical limits (large electron-solid interaction volume for EBSD and FIB milling effects), and seems so fastidious because of very long time to implement. A new approach, coupling SEM imaging of good resolution (a few nanometres for X and Y directions) at low SEM voltage and crystal orientation mapping with EBSD at high SEM voltage, is proposed. This method requested the development of computer scripts, which allow to drive the milling of FIB, the acquisition of SEM images and EBSD maps. The interest and feasibility of our approaches are demonstrated by a concrete case (nickel super-alloy). Finally, as regards crystal orientation mapping, an alternative way to EBSD has been tested; which works on the influence of channelling effects (ions or electrons) on the imaging contrast of secondary electrons. This new method correlates the simulations with the intensity variation of each grain within an experimental image series obtained by tilting and/or rotating the sample under the primary beam. This routine is applied again on a real case (polycrystal TiN), and shows a max misorientation of about 4° for Euler angles, compared to an EBSD map. The application perspectives of this approach, potentially faster than EBSD, are also evoked
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Erieau, Philippe. "Étude expérimentale et analyse numérique de l'influence des hétérogénéités induites par la déformation à froid sur la recristallisation primaire d'un acier IF-Ti." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail se situe dans la thématique de l'influence des procédés de mise en forme sur le comportement des matériaux métalliques. La thèse a consisté à étudier le développement d'hétérogénéités induites par la déformation au cours du laminage, ainsi que leur effet sur la germination et la croissance de nouveaux grains. La caractérisation du comportement mécanique et de recuit a permis d'identifier les lois de comportement et de recuit. L'étape suivante a consisté, à l'aide du maillage 3D d'agrégats cristallins et d'une loi de comportement du monocristal intégrée dans la méthode des éléments finis, à étudier l'influence de l'interaction intergranulaire 3D, en compression plane, sur le développement des hétérogénéités. Cet effet est faible, d'où la possibilité d'effectuer des calculs 2D représentatifs. Pour simuler la recristallisation, un intérêt a été porté à l'estimation de l'énergie stockée. Il est montré que le travail plastique ne représente pas cette énergie, au contraire de la densité de dislocations. Différents types d'hétérogénéités ont ensuite été étudiés, à l'aide de calculs éléments finis, et ont été comparés à des résultats de la littérature. Il a été montré qu'une forte déformation locale n'est pas toujours associée à une forte énergie stockée, ou à un fort gradient d'orientation. L'effet résultant en recristallisation est discuté. Ensuite, une comparaison du champ d'orientation a été effectuée entre les déformations expérimentale et numérique d'un agrégat, et un très bon accord est trouvé. Le recuit expérimental de l'agrégat est effectué, et les microstructure et texture résultantes sont comparées aux résultats d'un calcul Monte Carlo prenant les résultats éléments finis comme données initiales. Un accord qualitatif est obtenu, et permet de dégager l'importance du gradient d'énergie, d'orientation et du voisinage sur la germination et la croissance des grains, et sur le développement des texture et microstructure recristallisées.
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Medy, Jean Rony. "Évaluation des effets de taille et d'architecture sur les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de fils composites métalliques cuivre/niobium fabriqués par déformation plastique sévère." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2312/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les fils composites Cu/Nb étudiés ici sont d'excellents candidats pour les bobines non destructives générant des champs magnétiques pulsés intenses (B ≥ 100T). Ils sont fabriqués par Accumulative Drawing and Bundling (ADB) et sont constitué de renforts continus de Nb dans une matrice multi-échelles de Cu. Ces travaux rentrent dans le cadre du projet METAFORES (ANR-12-BS09-0002), visant l’évaluation des effets de taille et d’architecture sur les propriétés des conducteurs Cu/Nb. L’objectif principal consiste donc à caractériser leur microstructure et leurs propriétés à chaque étape de la fabrication par différentes techniques de caractérisation. Des essais mécaniques et électriques montrent une augmentation de la limite d’élasticité avec l’affinement de la microstructure tout en conservant une conductivité électrique adéquate. Les études de la texture globale par DRX ont mis en évidence trois composantes de texture de fibre dont deux pour la matrice de Cu (<111> et <100>) et une composante unique <110> pour le Nb. On retrouve ces trois composantes de texture dans les analyses locales (EBSD), cependant les proportions relatives des composantes du Cu varient en fonction du nombre de cycles ADB.Les essais de déformation in-situ sous neutrons ont mis en évidence des comportements élasto-plastique et purement élastique des familles de grains {111} du Cu et {110} du Nb respectivement, quels que soient les échantillons. Pour la famille {200} du Cu, le comportement mécanique varie en fonction du nombre de cycles ADB. Tous ces résultats viendront nourrir les simulations effectuées dans le cadre du projet METAFORES (Thèse de Tang Gu, ENSAM-Paris/Mines ParisTech)High strength and high conductivity Cu/Nb composites studied here are very good candidates for the design of magnets generating high pulsed magnetic fields (B ≥ 100T). They are fabricated by Accumulative Drawing and Bundling (ADB) and are constituted with a multi-scale Cu matrix embedding continuous Nb filaments that are distributed in a controlled manner. This study is performed within the framework of the METAFORES project (ANR-12-BS09-0002) aiming at assessing size and architecture effects on properties of these Cu/Nb conductors. The main purpose is therefore to characterize the microstructure and properties of these conductors at different stages of the fabrication process. Mechanical and electrical results show an increase in yield strength while maintaining adequate electrical conductivity. Global texture studies confirm three fiber texture components: two for the Cu matrix (<111> and <100>) and a single component <110 > for Nb. These three texture components are also observed at the local scale analysis (EBSD); however the volume fractions of the Cu components locally depend on the number of ADB cycles.In-situ deformation tests under neutrons reveal elasticplastic and purely elastic behaviors of the {111} Cu and {110} Nb grains family respectively, whatever the samples. However, for the {200} Cu grains family, mechanical behavior strongly depends on the number of ADB cycles. These results will feed the simulations conducted in the METAFORES project (Thesis of Tang Gu, ENSAM-Paris / Mines ParisTech)
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Azzopardi, Alban. "Evolution microstructurale à haute température de barrières thermiques déposées par évaporation : influence sur la conductivité thermique et le module d'élasticité." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066010.
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Danielsson, Olivia. "Effect of carbon activity on microstructure evolution in WC-Ni cemented carbides." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this work was to systematically study how the microstructure evolution is affected by the carbon activity in WC-Ni cemented carbides. Seven WC-9.59at%Ni alloys with different carbon activity were sintered at 1500 °C. From investigating these alloys, the carbon window has been experimentally evaluated using light optical microscopy and compared to theoretical carbon window calculated using Thermo-Calc. The overall microstructure of cross sections and raw surfaces have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the WC grain size and distribution have been evaluated using electron backscatter diffraction. It was found that the experimental carbon window was slightly wider than the theoretical carbon window. The WC grain size increased and the grain size distribution got wider with increasing carbon activity. In addition, the largest WC grains showed the largest grain growth by increasing carbon activity. By comparing the present results of grain size and distribution of WC-Ni to previous results of WC-Co, it was found that the WC grain growth was more pronounced and more influenced by the carbon activity.
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Li-YuRo and 羅力友. "Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) Analysis Techniques: Residual Strain and Dislocation Density Measurement." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81024500584668828716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
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It’s the first time in Taiwan using EBSD (electron back-scattering diffraction) techniques to analyze two dimensional distributions of residual strain and dislocation density. This thesis has two parts: firstly, using DIC (digital image correlation) and EBSD to measure two dimensional distribution of residual strain; secondarily, combining critical stress analysis and EBSD technique to calculate two dimensional distribution of dislocation density. Single aluminum, single copper and alumni nitride thin film on single silicon substance were chosen as experimental materials and performed using indentation testing. The maximum of residual tensile strain in the vicinity of the indentation tip is 0.02 for AlN/Si. The maximum value of residual strain and total dislocation density for 10g-indented single Al are 0.012 and m-2, respectively. In the case of single Cu using 5g nano-indentation, the maximum residual and total dislocation density are 0.041 and m-2, respectively. The maximum residual and total dislocation density are 0.087 and m-2 for single Cu loaded by 10g nano-indentation, respectively.
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Staraselski, Yauheni. "On the experimental design of the material microstructures." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design techniques of the components on the macro level are established in the scientific community, however are far behind from the real material performance limits. To obtain those limits, the deeper understanding of the material structure is required. The methods of a new comonents production through standard alloying are the basis of the modern material science manufacturing. The design of the materials with expected required performance limits is the next conceptual step for the materials scientist. As results, to make this step, the problem of a precise material structure analyses on the microstructural level is one os the major importance for the next generation materials design. The complexity of the material structure across the scales(macro-micro) requires a new non deterministic methods for better understanding of the connectivity betwen a materials performance and material microstructure features. This work presents a various new research methodologies and techniques of the material microstructure characterization and numerical design with future applications to the anlyses of the material behavior. The focus of the particular research was to analyse a new cross correlation function of the material structure on the micro length scale and develop a novel framework which allows a better understanding of various important material phenomenas such as failure initiation and recrystallization.
Частини книг з теми "Analysis by backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD)"
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Groeber, Michael A., David J. Rowenhorst, and Michael D. Uchic. "Collection, Processing, and Analysis of Three-Dimensional EBSD Data Sets." In Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science, 123–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88136-2_9.
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Mishin, Oleg V., Andrew Godfrey, and Dorte Juul Jensen. "Analysis of Deformation Structures in FCC Materials Using EBSD and TEM Techniques." In Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science, 263–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88136-2_19.
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Becker, Richard, and Hasso Weiland. "Use of EBSD Data in Mesoscale Numerical Analyses." In Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science, 181–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3205-4_16.
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Field, David P., and Mukul Kumar. "Electron Backscatter Diffraction." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) based technique that is used to obtain local information on the crystallographic character of bulk crystalline and polycrystalline materials. Topics discussed in this article include: EBSD system overview, multiphase analysis, and application to aluminum integrated circuit interconnects, dislocation structure analysis, analysis of grain boundary networks, and application to friction stir welding of aluminum alloys.
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Flores Valdés, Alfredo, Jesús Torres, and Rocío Ochoa. "Reaction Kinetics during Molten Aluminum Refining Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using the novel technique of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope, this article presents a comprehensive study on reaction kinetics during molten aluminum refining, applied to the removal of antimony using calcium additions and magnesium removal using silica additions. The determination of reaction products using the EBSD technique permitted to define stoichiometry of reactions taking place, as well as the clarification of the reaction mechanisms occurring during refining. Therefore, the kinetic parameters of interest such as rate constant values and activation energy of each process are obtained.
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Cavosie, Aaron J., and Luigi Folco. "Shock-twinned zircon in ejecta from the 45-m-diameter Kamil crater in southern Egypt." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(17).
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT With an age of less than ~5000 yr and a diameter of 45 m, Kamil crater in Egypt is one of the youngest and smallest terrestrial impact craters known to date. Abundant evidence of shock-deformed sandstone has been reported from Kamil crater, including shatter cones, vesicular impact glass, high-pressure polymorphs of silica and car bon, planar deformation features (PDFs) and planar fractures (PFs) in quartz, dissociated zircon, melt veins, and intergranular melt, giving rise to a range of estimated shock pressures from ~20 to ~60 GPa. Here, we investigated shocked zircon from Kamil crater through characterization of microstructures in a centimeter-sized clast of shocked nonporous sandstone ejecta, previously described as containing quartz grains with PDFs and PFs, coesite, stishovite, diamond, and lechatelierite. Orientation analysis by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed that the quartz arenite consists of damaged detrital quartz grains surrounded by a matrix of either comminuted quartz or intergranular melt. Individual quartz grains are pervasively fractured (abundant PFs and PDFs); apparent isotropic crushing resulted in uniformly and highly dispersed orientation clusters on pole figures. Zircon grains are not abundant; however, four of 19 grains analyzed by EBSD contained {112} deformation twin lamellae, with individual lamellae ranging in length from 1 to 2 µm. Lengths of twin lamellae in Kamil zircon grains are anomalously short compared to those report-ed in shocked zircon from other impact structures, where individual lamellae are tens of micrometers long. Previous empirical studies have suggested that {112} twin lamellae in zircon form at ~20 GPa in non-porous target rocks, a finding supported by their coexistence, in some impactites, with high-pressure phases such as reidite. The only available experimental constraint, by diamond anvil cell, found {112} twins in zircon powder quenched at 20 GPa. The presence of coesite, stishovite, lechatelierite, and shocked quartz with PDFs in the studied sample is consistent with empirically derived pressure estimates of ~20 GPa for {112} twin formation in zircon in the ejecta sample from Kamil crater. Kamil thus represents the smallest and youngest impact structure where shock-twinned zircon has been reported. Given the apparent efficiency of {112} twin formation (21% of grains), shock-twinned zircon is here shown to provide a robust and readily identifiable record of shock deformation in a relatively common mineral at one of the smallest known terrestrial impact craters.
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Rickard, David. "The Crystallography of Pyrite Framboids." In Framboids, 110–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of even the most perfectly organized framboids show ring patterns indicative of randomly oriented particles. Therefore, framboids are not mesocrystals or extreme skeletal varieties of single crystals. Electron backscatter diffraction shows that the microcrystals within a framboid are not crystallographically aligned. Around half of the microcrystals in organized framboids have crystallographic orientations rotated 90º. The results of single crystal XRD and framboid EBSD studies clearly show that the microcrystals are self-organized rather than being the result of a crystallographic template or preexisting structural control. The pre-formed framboid microcrystals which are initially randomly organized throughout the framboid volume then, in some cases, begin to wholly or partly self-order. This is effected by rotation of the microcrystals until an ordered array is produced. The consequence of this rotation must be that the microcrystals are initially packed loosely enough for rotation to occur. The processes involved in the rotation could include forces intrinsic to the microcrystals themselves, such as surface forces, or forces imposed from outside the framboid, such as Brownian motion. The fundamental driving force for microcrystal rotation and the development of organized microcrystal arrays in framboids is entropy maximization.
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Kovaleva, Elizaveta, and Dmitry A. Zamyatin. "Revealing microstructural properties of shocked and tectonically deformed zircon from the Vredefort impact structure: Raman spectroscopy combined with SEM microanalyses." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(18).
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Finite deformation patterns of accessory phases can indicate the tectonic regime and deformation history of the host rocks and geological units. In this study, tectonically deformed, seismically deformed, and shocked zircon grains from a granite sample from the core of the Vredefort impact structure were analyzed in situ, using a combination of Raman spectroscopy, backscatter electron (BSE) imaging, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping, electron probe microanalyses (EPMA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) qualitative chemical mapping, and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging. We aimed to reveal the effects of marginal grain-size reduction, planar deformation bands (PDBs), and shock microtwins on the crystal structure and microchemistry of zircon. Deformation patterns such as PDBs, microtwins, and subgrains did not show any significant effect on zircon crystallinity/metamictization degree or on the CL signature. However, the ratio of Raman band intensities B1g (1008 cm–1) to Eg (356 cm–1) slightly decreased within domains with low misorientation. The ratio values were affected in shocked grains, particularly in twinned domains with high misorientation. B1g/Eg ratio mapping combined with metamictization degree mapping (full width at half maximum of B1g peak) suggest the presence of shock deformation features in zircon; however, due to the lower spatial resolution of the method, they must be used in combination with the EBSD technique. Additionally, we discovered anatase, quartz, goethite, calcite, and hematite micro-inclusions in the studied zircon grains, with quartz and anatase specifically being associated with strongly deformed domains of shocked zircon crystals.
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"Identification of Meteoritic Minerals in Reflected Light, by Backscattered Electron Imaging, and by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis." In Meteorite Mineralogy, 92–100. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108613767.006.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Analysis by backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD)"
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Burnett, T. L., T. P. Comyn, E. Merson, and A. J. Bell. "Electron-Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) as a domain analysis technique in BiFeO3-PbTiO3." In 2007 Sixteenth IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isaf.2007.4393276.
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Younan, Hua, Liu Binghai, Liao Jinzhi Lois, Hsieh Chialun, Zhang Xi, and Li Xiaomin. "Studies of Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) Analysis Technique and Its Applications in Wafer Fabrication and Advanced Packaging." In 2022 IEEE 24th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc56328.2022.10013159.
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Ji, Lingkang, Li Meng, Yang Li, Chunyong Huo, and Yaorong Feng. "EBSD Study on Transverse Tensile X80 Grade Pipeline Steel." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transverse tension testing was carried out on an X80 grade linepipe to investigate the deformation behavior and the evolution of microstructure by means of SEM-EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) technique. Test results show that uniform elongation could achieve up to 7% in transverse tension for an X80 linepipe. Microstructural analysis shows that primary equiaxed ferrite grains obviously changed after the tension test to elongate along the length of pipeline body, but the substructure did not increase much revealing that the ferrite in X80 steel could contribute to a certain extent for ductile deformation. Orientation imaging of EBSD analysis displays that the texture components, such as γ-texture, and a little Goss and Copper texture, occurred after deformation. Otherwise, a small amount of primary α-texture still remains. It can be recognized that X80 has good deformational stability.
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Koblischka-Veneva, A. D., M. R. Koblischka, F. Muecklich, S. Murphy, Y. Zhou, and I. V. Shvets. "Crystallographic orientation analysis of magnetite thin films by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)." In INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2006.375455.
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Postolnyi, Bogdan, Oleksandr Bondar, Marek Opielak, Przemysław Rogalski, and João Pedro Araújo. "Structural analysis of multilayer metal nitride films CrN/MoN using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)." In Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies 2016, edited by Marian Vladescu, Razvan Tamas, and Ionica Cristea. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2243279.
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PIRES, M. V. "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as a tool for analysis of metal flow in aluminum extrusion." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to analyze the crystallographic texture within extruded AA6005 hollow profiles, allowing for the analysis of metal flow through various extrusion porthole die designs of different metal deformation conditions. Control of metal flow through a die design is necessary to meet industry demands for faster-running dies, tighter tolerances, thinner walls, and reduced extrusion loads. A standard die was compared with an innovative die design that doubled the extrusion exit speed. Analysis of metal flow was performed to provide additional insight into the uniformity of the metal flow, especially near the extrusion welds. Finite element method simulations were performed to predict the die exit temperature and plastic strain distributions. Local texture varied across the core and surface regions of the tube wall but remained consistent between both extrudates. A peripheral coarse grain structure was found within both extrudates, due to their elevated exit die temperatures.
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Postolnyi, B. O., and J. P. Araujo. "Structural analysis of Arc-PVD multilayer metal nitride coatings CrN/MoN using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)." In 2016 International Conference on Nanomaterials: Application & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap.2016.7757249.
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Ren, Jie, Geping Li, Fusen Yuan, Ben Wang, Fuzhou Han, Muhammad Ali, Yingdong Zhang, Wenbin Guo, and Bo Gao. "Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties in Different Deformation Regions of the Compressed Zr-4 Alloy With Lamellar Structure." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the present work, the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of the compressed Zr-4 alloy with lamellar structure has been studied systematically. In the compression test of Zr-4 alloy with reduction of 70% at 650°C, the severe deformed area (SDA) and difficult deformed area (DDA) formed. The differences in DDA and SDA including microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties were investigated, using electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that a large number of equiaxed grains appeared in SDA due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), while coarse lamellar grains were still the main microstructure in DDA, showing that the DDA was the intermediate between the initial alloy and SDA. Furthermore, the discontinuous recrystallization mechanism was proposed. According to electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the predominant texture formed in SDA and DDA made normal direction of its {0001} planes of α phase parallel to the compression direction, and another stronger texture in SDA made the normal direction of part {0001} planes ∼15° away from the compression direction. The observed texture difference in SDA and DDA mainly resulted from the DRXed grains. To evaluate the influence of SDA on the mechanical properties of the Zr-4 alloy, microhardness tests were employed. The alloy in SDA had been proved to be strengthened compared to DDA, which was due to both the grain refinement and the texture diversity.
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O'Neill, William, Matt Gill, Walter Perrie, Peter Fox, and D. Prior. "Analysis of femtosecond (775nm) and nanosecond (355nm) micromachined Ni surfaces using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) (Invited Paper)." In Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Jim Fieret, Peter R. Herman, Tatsuo Okada, Craig B. Arnold, Friedrich G. Bachmann, Willem Hoving, Kunihiko Washio, et al. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.598484.
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Prasad, S. V., J. R. Michael, C. Battaile, P. G. Kotula, and B. S. Majumdar. "On the Evolution of Friction-Induced Nanostructures in Single Crystal Nickel." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have investigated the fundamental phenomena governing the friction-induced microstructures in single crystal nickel. Friction measurements were made using a unidirectional linear wear tester against a hard Si3N4 ball so that deformation is confined to the softer Ni surface. To minimize the environmental effects on friction, we conducted the experiments in dry nitrogen atmosphere. A high precision rotary stage was designed and built to enable friction measurements to be made in specific crystallographic directions. Measurements were made on (100), (110) and (111) crystal faces. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy was used to prepare cross-sections of wear scars suitable for electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The EBSD data revealed the formation of low-angle grain boundaries leading to the development of fine-grained equiaxed recrystallized substructues underneath the wear scars. The extent of subsurface deformation and the steady state friction coefficients were strongly dependent on the crystal orientation. At higher contact stresses, TEM analysis confirmed the formation of fine-grained equiaxed nanocrystalline grain structures. Subsequent friction tests on these nanostructured layers performed at much reduced contact stresses showed significant reductions in the friction coefficients. The role of the friction-induced nanostructures on the mechanisms of metallic friction is discussed.