Дисертації з теми "Analyse thermique – Modèles mathématiques"
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Recouvreur, Philippe. "Etude du comportement thermique d'un compartiment moteur automobile : modélisation et analyse système." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2371.
Повний текст джерелаChabot, Christian. "Analyse numérique du changement de phase solide-liquide autour d'un tube horizontal soumis à une sollicitation thermique périodique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26949.
Повний текст джерелаThis master thesis presents a mathematical and numerical model to analyze the behavior of a latent solid-liquid heat storage unit represented by a tube surrounded by phase change material. The system is undergoing an oscillating load of heating and cooling. A scale analysis predicts the behavior of the system with regard to the main governing dimensionless numbers. A normalized parameter is proposed to delineate designs in which conduction dominates compared to those in which natural convection dominates. The study reveals the impact of major thermal storage unit design parameters on its operation and deepens our knowledge in the field of phase change with natural convection. Various indicators, such as the size of the thermally affected zone around the tube, the molten or solidified volume and a frequency analysis, have been developed to analyze the system performance. Correlations are proposed to easily determine the system behavior.
Wang, Xi. "Prédiction et analyse numérique d’écoulements turbulents avec transfert thermique dans des cavités ventilées à l’aide d’un modèle à relaxation elliptique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10075/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to predict numerically turbulent airflow with heat transfer in indoor environment using an elliptic relaxation model. This approach named v² -f has been proposed for modelling near-wall turbulence. In this study, numerical investigations have been carried out in three configurations and validated on available experimental data and numerical results from the models considered, k -[epsilon]RNG model of Yakhot & Orszag, k -[omega] SST model of Menter and Reynolds stress model. The analysis and comparison of results obtained shows that the v² -f model provides a better prediction for the velocity fields and temperature fields with a reasonable computational time. All comparisons of thermal comfort indices suggest that
Lafon, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse, stabilité thermique et frittage d'hydroxyapatites carbonatées." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/01944990-650e-4d4b-8a6b-6fb386bd453c/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSingle-phased B-type carbonated apatites (substitution of phosphate ions by carbonate ions) Ca10-xx(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2-xx (with 0 £ x £ 2) were synthesised by precipitation in aqueous media with regulated pH and temperature conditions, in order to produce bone substitutes. The ratio of carbonate substitution in the apatite was controlled by the carbonate to phosphorus (C/P) molar ratio of reagents and increased with it. Powders were single phased of apatitic structure if (C/P) did not exceed 1. For higher values, the synthesis led to a biphasic precipitate CaCO3 or CaO and apatite. The decarbonatation reaction under partial pressures of water vapour, CO2 and inert gas was governed by a bivariant equilibrium. It implies an apatitic solid solution made of two constituents and a secondary phase of CaCO3 or CaO. Thermodynamically, the decarbonatation reaction depended only on the partial pressure of CO2 and on the initial composition of the apatite. However, the reaction is catalysed by water vapour. In the same time but independently of the B sites decarbonatation equilibrium, depending on the temperature, partial pressures of CO2 and H2O the A sites ("hydroxide" sites) can loss or gain carbonate or hydroxide ions according to a trivariant system of two equilibria between three constituents of an apatite solid solution. A partial pressure of CO2 in the sintering atmosphere allowed to prevent the decarbonatation of the B sites at temperatures authorizing the densification of the materials. So, the different compositions synthesised in this study could be densified beyond 95%. The sintering temperature decreased when the carbonate substitution ratio in B sites of the apatite increased, but raised when the carbonate substitution ratio in A sites augmented. The presence of water vapour in the sintering atmosphere enhanced the sintering by inhibiting A sites carbonatation
Rouaud, Cédric. "Gestion thermique du véhicule hybride et étude du refroidissement de l'électronique de puissance." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2252.
Повний текст джерелаFor decreasing the engine's consumption and pollutant emissions, automobile makers are developing hybrid electric vehicles incorporating an electric motor and power electronics leading to new under-hood thermal constraints. This is why we first present the tests results of a new common cooling circuit for all the vehicle components. With the aim of developing new energy management strategies between the components, we have chosen the nodal method to simulate the thermal behaviour of the engine, the electric motor, the power electronics and the cooling circuit. The second part of this thesis deals with a thermal-hydraulic analysis of several power electronics cooling methods, which has led us to choose the multiple jet impingement cooling. Several tests have been made for characterising the performances of this technique and enabled us to establish an optimal configuration. The last part shows the thermal simulation results run with the help of an innovative reduction method of thermal models applied to the power electronics. This technique allowed us to have a low cost of time simulation and will permit, in the future, the real-time control of the hybrid electric vehicle components
Martins, Olivier. "Méthodologie d'analyse thermique multi niveaux de systèmes électroniques par des modèles compacts." Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00569192.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past few years, the size of transistors has drastically decreased which enables to design smaller components and to add more and more components in electronic Systems. The transistor technology réduction and the rise of the operating frequency hâve caused a dramatic increase of power density in Integrated Circuits and a high température rise of the component that can affect its performances. The aim of the thesis is to suggest a new methodology to build boundary condition independent compact thermal models of complex electronic Systems. This methodology enables to split the Systems in éléments, to build a compact thermal model of each élément and to connect them to model the thermal behaviour of the whole System. The Flex-CTM methodology enables to perform a thermal analysis at an early stage of a system's design flow and has numerous advantages than existing thermal models
Orlhac, Xavier. "Etude de la stabilité thermique du verre nucléaire. Modélisation de son évolution à long terme." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20183.
Повний текст джерелаCantillon, Marielle. "Influence de gradients thermiques dans un mélange de jets turbulents." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11320.
Повний текст джерелаRouzaud, Hélène. "Quelques propriétés mathématiques d'un modèle de flammes sphériques avec pertes de chaleur." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30074.
Повний текст джерелаMousseau, Pierre. "Analyse et modélisation des transferts thermiques en aval de la filière dans le procédé d'extrusion de profilés polymères." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2130.
Повний текст джерелаRavary, Serge. "Etude du comportement thermique des pistons de moteur diesel automobile : modélisation, expérimentation, analyse système du moteur." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2276.
Повний текст джерелаThieblin, Sophie. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement thermique d'un moteur électrique soumis à des régimes de charge et de vitesse variables - application au moteur de traction d'un véhicule électrique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2323.
Повний текст джерелаHachette, Rémy. "Réduction de modèle thermique par identification : utilisation pour des conditions aux limites variables, couplage à un modèle détaillé." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11048.
Повний текст джерелаDhyser, Yann. "Analyse numérique de résultats expérimentaux dans le but d'établir la perméabilité intrinsèque de matériaux d'enrochement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30228/30228.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRazi, Yazdan Pedram. "Contribution à l'étude de l'action des vibrations sur les écoulements de convection thermique ou solutale en présence ou en l'absence de gravité." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30234.
Повний текст джерелаIn the present work, we study the effect of the action of mechanical vibration on the convective motion in mono and multi-component fluids in the presence or in the absence of gravity. In the framework of the Boussineq approximation, the induced convective motion due to the temperature field in the presence of gravitational and vibrational fields are studied. In the first part of this work, the linear and weakly non-linear stability analysis of Horton-Rogers-Lapwood problem under the effect vertical vibration (parallel to the temperature gradient) has been carried out. Two different approaches (time-averaged and direct methods) are used to study the thermal stability analysis of this problem. By applying the results obtained from the scale analysis method to the coefficients of the Mathieu equation, the criteria for comparing the results from these two stability analysis approaches are found. In the second part of this work, the influence of directions of vibration of high frequency and small amplitude on the onset of Soret driven convection is addressed. The linear stability analysis in an infinite horizontal layer filled by a binary mixture is performed. The stability of quasi-equilibrium solution for an arbitrary direction of vibration in the presence or in the absence of gravity for long wave mode is then examined. For this case, an analytical relation giving the critical parameter is found. .
Vallet, Guy. "Sur des problèmes non linéaires provenant des transferts thermiques dans des systèmes dispersés subissant des changements de phase." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3017.
Повний текст джерелаSong, Runmeng. "Modélisation numérique de la solidification et du refroidissement lors d'un procédé de fonderie." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD309.
Повний текст джерелаFrăţila, Radu. "Modélisation numérique de la perte d'aimantation d'aimants permanents sous les contraintes magnétique et thermique rencontrées dans les dispositifs électriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at developing a numerical tool able to simulate the behavior of permanent magnets while taking into account the demagnetization induced by various factors such as geometry, induced field and temperature. The demagnetization model is based on an analytical expression (the Marrocco equation). It requires the identification of four parameters and the implementation of polynomial variation laws for some of them in order to be able to take into account the demagnetization. This model has been implemented in the finite element calculation code code_Carmel. In order to also take into account the influence of temperature the model was coupled to a thermal calculation code, SYRTHES. To validate this tool, an experimental device has been developed. Initially the permanent magnet eddy current losses model has been validated using a loss balance procedure that combines both experimental and numerical approaches. This validation allows then to provide a good estimation of the temperature rise that appears inside the magnets. Finally the permanent magnet demagnetization model has been validated by comparing different global and local calculated values with measured ones. These results showed a good agreement and demonstrated a good ability of the proposed method to take into account the behavior of demagnetization of permanent magnets under the influence of induced magnetic field and temperature
Aimé, Noël. "Aide à la conduite sûre des réacteurs chimiques discontinus en marche normale ou incidentielle vis-à-vis du danger d'emballement thermique." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD422.
Повний текст джерелаHakim, Ebrahim. "Analyse par éléments finis des coques minces axisymétriques sous chargements mécaniques et thermiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0004.
Повний текст джерелаAmodeo, Jonathan. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation plastique de MgO monocristallin : du laboratoire au manteau terrestre." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10080/document.
Повний текст джерелаSurface geological events, like volcanos and earthquakes, are due to the internal dynamics of the Earth which tends to release its internal heat. Inside the Earth's mantle, solid rocks are plastically strained under extreme conditions of pressure, temperature and strainrate. In spite of recent experimental progress, it is still impossible to reach such conditions of deformation. This is why we propose an alternative approach, based on the multi-scale modeling of plasticity, from the laboratory conditions to the Earth's mantle. We have choosen to apply our model to magnesium oxide which is a phase present in the lower mantle.From core properties, we modeled a dislocation thermally activated mobility law based on the kink pair theory. Then, we have incorporated it inside a Dislocation Dynamics code to describe the collective behaviour of dislocations throughout numerical strain experiments. Here we show that MgO mechanical properties depends significantly on pressure and strainrate
Ferahta, Fatima Zohra. "Etude du transfert thermique dans la lame d'air d'un capteur solaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4754.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to study the solar thermal collectors. Thus, we seek to understand the mechanisms of natural convective heat transfer in the air gap of a solar collector, in order to find an optimal design which allows adequate thermal control and energy performance.Part of this thesis is devoted to the numerical simulation using fluent, based on the development of natural convection model in an inclined parallelepiped air gap of solar collector. Fluent CFD software is based on the finite volume method. The simulations were carried out to determine the velocity and temperature fields under the effect of the air gap thicknesses, the heat flux provided to the absorber and the presence of obstacles in the air gap. The results show the effect of the air gap thickness on the flow regime, which can be steady or unsteady. These simulations were performed with and without the coupling of convection-radiation in the air gap. Values of the coefficient of heat transfer was calculated for different cases and a comparison for both cases with and without taking into account radiation was made. The numerical study was followed by an experimental work based on the study of solar collector. To reduce heat losses, experiments were carried out to evaluate the thermal behavior of solar collector under external conditions (sunshine, temperature...etc) and the coolant flow rate for various gap air thicknesses. The results show the effect of the air gap thickness on the thermal performance and the importance of having an optimum thickness for better performance. Similarly, the introduction of barriers also contributes to improve the performance of the solar collector
Baleynaud, Jean-Michel. "Contribution a la modelisation de l'habitat solaire passif : validation et etude de facteurs de sensibilite." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30052.
Повний текст джерелаBerthonnaud, Pierre. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'étude mathématique des écoulements diphasiques turbulents ou réactifs." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30090.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez, Hermosilla Wilfrido Arturo. "Estudio del comportamiento en fatiga de un acero SAE 1045 recubierto con WC-10%Co-4%Cr depositado mediante proyección termica de alta velocidad." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10121/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present research work has been carried out in order to study the influence of the surface preparation of a SAE 1045 steel substrate on its fatigue behavior after coating with WC-10%Co-4%Cr deposited by HVOF thermal spraying. Prior to HVOF deposition, the substrate was prepared in three different surface roughness conditions, in order to provide mechanical bonding to the coating. The microstructural analysis of the coated systems was carried out employing SEM techniques. The substrate surface roughness was evaluated by means of optical perfilometry and the adherence of the coating to the substrate was studied employing interface indentation techniques. The elastic modulus of both substrate and coating was determined by means of ultrasound techniques. The fatigue behavior of the substrate-coating system was investigated under rotating bending conditions (R = - 1), employing maximum alternating stresses in the range of 358-420 MPa. A numerical simulation, employing a FEM commercial code, was carried out in order to describe the fatigue behavior of the coated systems. This investigation has allowed a better understanding of the fatigue behavior of the coated systems obtained by HVOF thermal spraying and the correlation of such a behavior with important parameters such substrate roughness, coating microstructural characteristics and its adherence to the substrate
Kanouni, Hassani Rams, and Hassani Rams Kanouni. "Impact de l'incertitude sur la gestion de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles : une analyse en temps continu par la programmation dynamique et les options réelles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18709.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse utilise la mathématique et la théorie de l'économie financière pour étudier la gestion de la pollution, la valeur d'une centrale électrique thermique et le prix d'une ressource naturelle non renouvelable. Elle est composée de trois essais. Le premier essai analyse la décision d'investir afin de réduire les émissions d'un polluant de type stock sous deux types d'incertitude : économique (ce qui rend les émissions stochastiques car elles sont une conséquence de l’activité économique) et environnementale (ce qui affecte directement le stock de polluant). La littérature économique récente semble indiquer qu'en présence d'incertitude et de coûts irréversibles, l'action d’investir devrait être retardée. Nous utilisons des concepts de la théorie des options réelles et formulons ce problème de planificateur central comme un problème d'arrêt optimal en temps continu. Nous dérivons la règle d'arrêt correspondante et montrons que lorsque l'incertitude environnementale ou économique est suffisamment élevée, il est optimal d'investir immédiatement pour réduire les émissions. Ces résultats ont des implications sur la gestion des stocks de polluant stock, notamment pour la gestion des gaz à effet de serre. Le second essai s’appuie sur la théorie des options réelles pour évaluer la valeur d’une centrale électrique dans un marché déréglementé. Ce travail est motivé par la vague de déréglementation qui a sévi récemment dans le secteur de l'électricité. La littérature existante cherche plutôt à trouver la valeur d'option de vente d'une certaine quantité d'électricité à un moment donné dans le futur ou modélise la décision d'opérer une centrale électrique par simulation. Notre formulation considère qu'une usine de production d'électricité peut être dans deux états (à l'arrêt ou en fonctionnement); dans chaque état, la firme possède une option « call américaine » sur l'autre état et le passage d'un état à l'autre est coûteux. Nous supposons que le « spark spread » suit un processus de retour à la moyenne avec changements de régime et nous utilisons des données du marché californien pour notre application empirique. Nous montrons qu'avec la prise en compte des coûts de suspension et de génération d'électricité, il y a un effet d'hystérésis: les seuils de spark spread pour les décisions de produire et d'arrêter la production diffèrent. Nous utilisons ensuite ces règles de fonctionnement à court terme dans une méthodologie basée sur des simulations Monte Carlo pour estimer la valeur de la centrale. Le troisième essai rend plus générale la formulation du modèle de Gaudet et Khadr (1991) en considérant une fonction d'utilité non espérée afin de dériver une généralisation de la règle d'Hotelling. Alors que dans le cadre de l'utilité espérée la différence entre le taux de rendement espéré de l'actif risqué (la ressource non renouvelable) et celui d'un actif certain égale une prime de risque qui ne dépend que du coefficient d'aversion relative au risque et de la covariance entre la consommation et le rendement de l'actif risqué, cela n'est plus vrai avec notre fonction d'utilité plus générale. Nous montrons que la prime de risque dépend alors aussi de l'élasticité de substitution intertemporelle (qui n'est plus nécessairement égale à l'inverse du coefficient d'aversion relative au risque), de l'incertitude de l'utilité indirecte et de l'incertitude de l'utilité marginale de la richesse. La prise en compte de ces paramètres additionnels peut avoir des conséquences importantes. Supposons en effet que l'élasticité de substitution intertemporelle soit suffisamment élevée et que l'incertitude de l'utilité indirecte soit suffisamment faible relativement à celle de l'utilité marginale de la richesse. Alors, même si le consommateur est riscophobe et si la covariance entre la consommation et le rendement de la ressource non renouvelable est positive, il est possible que le consommateur exige une prime pour détenir l'actif risqué. Le taux de rendement espéré de ce dernier est inférieur au taux de rendement certain. Ce résultat est bien entendu exclu dans le cas de l'utilité espérée.
Using tools from mathematical finance and economic theory, this thesis studies the impact of uncertainty and irreversibility on decision-making related to the management of pollution, energy production, and the extraction of a non-renewable resource. It consists of three essays. The first essay analyzes the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant under two types of uncertainty: economic (emissions are stochastic because of changes in economic activity) and environmental (which affects directly the stock of pollutant). A number of recent papers find that the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant should be delayed in the presence of sunk costs and uncertainty. Using concepts from the theory of Real Options, we formulate a social planning problem in continuous time, derive the corresponding optimal stopping rule, and show that when economic or environmental uncertainty is large enough, it is optimal to invest immediately to reduce emissions. These results have implications for the management of stock pollutants and particularly for global warming. The second essay is concerned with the valuation of energy generating assets in a deregulated electricity market. The recent wave of deregulation initiatives in the electricity industry has created the need to value energy-generating assets in an uncertain environment in order to facilitate their sale. However, a number of authors have noted discrepancies between valuations predicted by a conventional cost-benefit approach and observed transactions. In this chapter, I analyze the importance of explicitly accounting for technological constraints in the generation process by modeling the decision to start and stop the production of electricity by a gas-powered plant. With the inclusion of these constraints, the generator may be in two different states, idle or generating electricity. In either state its operator has a call option to switch to the other state. These options depend on the spark spread (the difference between the price of electricity and the price of the fuel used to generate it, adjusted for equivalent units), which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process with regime changes. I use data from the California deregulated market to estimate the thresholds for starting and stopping production. These results are entered in a simple simulation framework to estimate the value of the electricity-generating asset in a competitive market. I find significant differences between a standard cost-benefit analysis and this Real Options approach. In my third essay, I derive a testable form of the price dynamics of a non-renewable natural resource in the context of a general equilibrium portfolio choice model where the representative agent has a non-expected utility function. The non-renewable nature of the resource introduces an element of irreversibility in the portfolio choice. An analog of Hotelling's rule is derived. In an expected utility framework, the difference between the rate of return of the risky asset (the non-renewable resource) and that of the riskless one equals a risk premium that depends only on the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the covariance between consumption and the return of the risky asset. I show that with this more general specification of the utility function, the risk premium depends also on the instantaneous elasticity of substitution (IES, which is not necessarily equal to the inverse of the coefficient of relative risk aversion), the uncertainty of the indirect utility function and the uncertainty of the marginal utility of wealth. These results have important consequences. If the IES is large enough and if the uncertainty of the indirect utility function is small enough, a risk-averse consumer may be willing to pay a premium to hold the risky asset even though the covariance between its return and consumption is positive. This case is of course excluded in the expected utility framework.
Using tools from mathematical finance and economic theory, this thesis studies the impact of uncertainty and irreversibility on decision-making related to the management of pollution, energy production, and the extraction of a non-renewable resource. It consists of three essays. The first essay analyzes the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant under two types of uncertainty: economic (emissions are stochastic because of changes in economic activity) and environmental (which affects directly the stock of pollutant). A number of recent papers find that the decision to invest to reduce the emissions of a stock pollutant should be delayed in the presence of sunk costs and uncertainty. Using concepts from the theory of Real Options, we formulate a social planning problem in continuous time, derive the corresponding optimal stopping rule, and show that when economic or environmental uncertainty is large enough, it is optimal to invest immediately to reduce emissions. These results have implications for the management of stock pollutants and particularly for global warming. The second essay is concerned with the valuation of energy generating assets in a deregulated electricity market. The recent wave of deregulation initiatives in the electricity industry has created the need to value energy-generating assets in an uncertain environment in order to facilitate their sale. However, a number of authors have noted discrepancies between valuations predicted by a conventional cost-benefit approach and observed transactions. In this chapter, I analyze the importance of explicitly accounting for technological constraints in the generation process by modeling the decision to start and stop the production of electricity by a gas-powered plant. With the inclusion of these constraints, the generator may be in two different states, idle or generating electricity. In either state its operator has a call option to switch to the other state. These options depend on the spark spread (the difference between the price of electricity and the price of the fuel used to generate it, adjusted for equivalent units), which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process with regime changes. I use data from the California deregulated market to estimate the thresholds for starting and stopping production. These results are entered in a simple simulation framework to estimate the value of the electricity-generating asset in a competitive market. I find significant differences between a standard cost-benefit analysis and this Real Options approach. In my third essay, I derive a testable form of the price dynamics of a non-renewable natural resource in the context of a general equilibrium portfolio choice model where the representative agent has a non-expected utility function. The non-renewable nature of the resource introduces an element of irreversibility in the portfolio choice. An analog of Hotelling's rule is derived. In an expected utility framework, the difference between the rate of return of the risky asset (the non-renewable resource) and that of the riskless one equals a risk premium that depends only on the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the covariance between consumption and the return of the risky asset. I show that with this more general specification of the utility function, the risk premium depends also on the instantaneous elasticity of substitution (IES, which is not necessarily equal to the inverse of the coefficient of relative risk aversion), the uncertainty of the indirect utility function and the uncertainty of the marginal utility of wealth. These results have important consequences. If the IES is large enough and if the uncertainty of the indirect utility function is small enough, a risk-averse consumer may be willing to pay a premium to hold the risky asset even though the covariance between its return and consumption is positive. This case is of course excluded in the expected utility framework.
Colombiano, Jérémy. "Approche multi-échelle pour la caractérisation de la réaction au feu sur un matériau bois. Développement d'une méthodologie pour l'ingénierie de la sécurité incendie. Validation of a Pyrolysis Model of Wood Thermal Decomposition under Cone Calorimeter." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0017.
Повний текст джерелаIncreasingly, fire safety relies on fire safety engineering. This involves, in particular, using calculation codes, performing numerical simulations aimed at defining the safety rules to be applied. Thus, numerous studies have made it possible to improve the calculation codes and define the bases and technical guides to be respected for carrying out these studies. However, while this is true in the field of fire resistance, evacuation or smoke control, it is not yet the case in the field of reaction to fire. The latter represents how the material will behave as a fuel and it characterizes the ability of that material to ignite and contribute to a fire.In this context, the objective of this thesis work is to study and predict the kinetics of thermal decomposition, combustion and flame propagation of wood material. For this, the working method adopted is multi-scale, both experimental and digital. This approach allows initially to simplify the phenomena in order to determine the properties of the material, then to add complexity on an increasing scale, in order to identify the processes controlling the propagation of flame and to define the bases for an engineering study. In total, 4 working scales were studied:- At a small scale, which concerns only the solid phase. It permits to extract some properties of the material by working on samples of the order of a milligram. The properties extracted are the thermal and kinetic properties, essential to characterize the heating and thermal decomposition of the material on a larger scale.- At medium scale, including the influence of the gas phase within particularly the development of the flame on the surface of the sample. The samples are of the order of a hundred grams with a thickness identical to the final application of the product. The objective is first to identify the combustion parameters of the material, such as the heat of combustion, the rate of formation of soot, carbon monoxide, etc. Secondly, it concerns the numerical validation of all the properties extracted (thermal, kinetic and combustion properties) by comparison with the experimental data (rate of heat release, loss of mass, temperatures, etc. ).- At the intermediate scale, using samples of the order of one kilogram. It takes into account the propagation of flame on the surface of the sample. Therefore, the processes driving this propagation are studied. This scale is used to assess the ability of the code to predict the kinetics of flame propagation. Two modes of propagation are investigated: counter-current and co-current. This scale also makes it possible to establish certain bases for carrying out a reaction to fire engineering study.- At final scale, two studied modes of propagation are coupled. The objective is then to validate the observations made at the previous scale and to support the basis for an engineering study
Castro, Roman Manuel de Jesús. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la solidification des pièces coulées en fonte à graphite spheroidal : influence de la vitesse de refroidissement et de l'inoculation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_CASTRO_ROMAN_M_J.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBörner, Reina. "Modélisation d'échangeur de chaleur : analyse théorique et expérimentale du comportement en régime transitoire : particularisation aux capteurs solaires et optimisation des systèmes moteurs associés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL011N.
Повний текст джерелаSinama, Frantz. "Étude de la production d'électricité à partir de l'énergie thermique des mers à l'île de la Réunion : modélisation et optimisation du procédé." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873263.
Повний текст джерелаMunaretto, Fabio. "Étude de l'influence de l'inertie thermique sur les performances énergétiques des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01068784.
Повний текст джерелаMontrol-Amouroux, Tristan. "Étude et modélisation thermique simplifiée d’un équipement roue et frein aéronautique en phase de pré-étude." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0081.
Повний текст джерелаFor several years, expectations of aircraft manufacturers and airlines have risen as far as reduction of aircraft weight and turn-around time are concerned. Mass reduced wheel and brake equipments tend to reach higher maximal temperature and need to be cooled down more efficiently. Therefore, equipments need to be better designed in terms of heat transfer, especially from the early design phases (i.e. right from the request for proposal). Brake cooling is insured by transient and multi-modal heat transfer, involving particularly, surface-to-surface thermal radiation, natural convection and heat conduction. Furthermore, because of the geometric complexity of the system, three-dimensional heat transfer should be considered. The first aim of this work is to develop a simplified representation of the heat transfer, inside the equipment and with the outdoor, leading to a better acknowledgment of its thermal comportment. This would eventually provide to the engineers some guidelines to a way to help the decision forecast and improve the thermal design of wheel and brake equipments. Secondly, a simplified thermal model should be developed, in order to fill the lack of dedicated tools ,in the preliminary design stage, to predict the thermal comportment. To predict thermal fields, in such a complex system, modelisation approaches, such as finite volume or finite-element methods (the use of CFD in the case of coupled convection/conduction problems) are commonly used in industry. Despite their ability to provide suitable and accurate results, that kind of numerical methods don't fit with the preliminary design stage requirements, especially in term of implementation and calculation time. On the opposite, model based on RC thermal network seems to meet the requirements of fast calculation time and implementation time thanks to fully adapted parameterization
Louarn, Sylvain. "Études expérimentales et simulation numérique d'un procédé thermique de séchage : application au traitement des boues." Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIS300.
Повний текст джерелаWithin an approach of wastes global valorization, sludge generated by municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater treatment plants is mostly re-used in valorization processes. In most of the cases, these recycling processes first make it necessary to reduce significantly the water content in upstream sludge. Generally, the first step of this type of process is a mechanical dewatering phase followed by a thermal drying phase in order to reach a dry content of 80%. As dehydration is directly linked to the amount of energy brought to the product, it is necessary to develop a high energy efficient drying process. This thesis focuses on developing and validating a complete numerical tool for designing a heat pump assisted sludge dryer. The experimental setup within the LIMATB lead to the establishment of the drying kinetics of sludge plates submitted to convective and conductive heat intakes. Thanks to the analysis and the comparison of experimental data, the impact of operating parameters (air temperature, humidity and velocity, contact temperature) on the drying time and the product deformation can be observed. A coupled heat and mass transfer 1D model is validated by various experiments. The taking into account of an effective diffusion coefficient, which integrates the influence of cracks, has been proven relevant to access to the evolutions of temperature and water content gradients in the product. New drying scenarios with variable air conditions and product flipping have been simulated. Then, this model has then been combined to a global multizone tunnel dryer model. It integrates the circulation of sludge in the dryer and the evolution of air characteristics as it goes through each zone. Simulations permit to predict the dry content as a function of the air conditions in dynamic regime. Meanwhile, an additional computing module has been developed with a view to designing the heat pump system
Belgacem, Bouzida Aïssa. "Méthodes calorimétriques appliquées aux systèmes métalliques : 1) Thermodynamique du système (MO, GA) et première approche du système (NB, GA) : 2) Mesure automatique des capacités thermiques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10464.
Повний текст джерелаMerheb, Rania. "Fiabilité des outils de prévision du comportement des systèmes thermiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969036.
Повний текст джерелаGrosjean, Catherine. "Anisotropie de comportement en fluage thermique de tubes gaine et de tubes guide en alliages de Zirconium. Développements expérimentaux et résultats." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT019G.
Повний текст джерелаFuel rods and cladding tubes in zirconium are essential structural parts of Pressurized Water Reactors. There are submitted in service to aggressive environment (vapour at ~320°C, 155 bars, and irradiation) and to multiaxial mechanical loadings leading to thermal creep which has to be quantified. The present work aims to determine the effects of 3 parameters on the mechanical behaviour of different zirconium alloys: the loading path, the metallurgical state (stress-relieved, recrystallized) and the chemical composition. The first step to take was to develop a new device adapted to different geometries of tubes, and to validate it by comparing experimental results obtained upon the stress-relieved Zircaloy 4 to bibliographical results. Second, a large database has been constituted on the M5® in order to highlight the effects of an overloading or of cycling on the circumferential stress, and of the loading path (application of the axial then the circumferential stress, or the contrary or proportional loading). Then by comparing the behaviour of the recrystallized and the stress-relieved Zircaloys 4, the effects of the metallurgical state on this hexagonal alloy on the creep behaviour have also been studied. Lastly, the effects of oxygen, stain and iron have been quantified due to 5 other alloys (M5® low and high oxygen, Q12, Q32 and Q42). The last step of this work corresponds to the model of the macroscopic behaviour of 2 alloys (M5® and Zircaloy 4) with isotropic and anisotropic criteria to prove the necessity of developing a new and strong model adapted to highly anisotropic alloys like Zirconium alloys
Tang, Fu-Jiao. "Investigation numérique sur l'échangeur de chaleur installé dans des sols peu profonds." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/TANG_Fujiao_2019_ED269.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаShallow geothermal energy is an energy that can help humanity to reach the goal of sustainable development. Ground-Coupled Heat Pump system is traditionally used to benefit this energy. As a main element of the system, ground heat exchanger performance directly influences its energy efficiency. The shallow ground heat exchangers are normally installed in soils, which show high heterogeneity of hydrothermal properties along the soil profiles. The main objective of this project is identifying how ground heat exchanger behaves in the soil. In summary, the following investigations were conducted: the first is introducing hydrothermal transfer in the numerical modeling of Borehole Heat Exchanger installed at a site in Alsace region (France); the second is identifying the factors influencing the performance of a shallow Borehole Heat Exchanger installed in soils; the third is conducting sensitive analysis of Thermal Response Tests for Borehole Heat Exchanger installed in soils; the fourth is identifying the performance difference of a numerical simulation model with Neumann and Dirichlet boundaries on the ground surface for a Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger
Merai, Mouna. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des transferts thermique/hydrique et de la croissance microbienne au cours du transport frigorifique de carcasses de porc." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to develop an approach allowing to predict the evolution of the microbial load on the surface of pork carcasses during a refrigerated transport according to the operating conditions (temperature and humidity of the blowing air) and initial conditions (temperature profile at the outlet of the slaughterhouse cold room). Since microbial growth depends mainly on temperature and water activity, it is necessary to study heat and mass transfer the transfer within and around the carcasses. These phenomena depend on the circulation of air in the refrigerated vehicle loaded with hundreds of half-carcasses which makes the geometry particularly complex.Thus, this work involves various disciplines: fluid mechanics, heat transfer and predictive microbiology. The coupling of these three disciplines makes it possible to provide scientific answers as to the sanitary quality of the pork carcasses.By conducting experiments on a semitrailer loaded with pork carcasses on a reduced scale, the air flows could be characterized by 2D Doppler laser velocimetry in two air distribution configurations (with and without air ducts). In addition, local convective heat transfer coefficients could be estimated at the surface of different parts of pork carcasses and at different positions in the reduced-scale trailer. A simplified model of the airflow has been established, that makes it possible to identify the "risk zones" in the loaded semi-trailer (low air circulation and low convective transfer coefficients).Based on the results of the experimental laboratory scale study and those collected during actual refrigerated transport, the variability of the parameters characterizing the air circulating around the carcasses could be estimated. This information served as boundary conditions for a model of heat and mass (water) transfer within the most sensitive part at the microbiological level: the ham. This 3D model, solved by the finite element method, makes it possible to predict the evolution of the temperature, the water content and the microbial load (Pseudomonas) on the surface of the lean part of the ham for different scenarios. The results showed that if the transport begins while the heart of the carcasses is still warm (15°C instead of 7°C according to current regulation) the growth of microorganisms on the surface of pork carcasses is generally not more between slaughter and arrival at the cutting site.Finally, a field study validated the data obtained at the laboratory scale and carried out an energy study. It appears that whatever the percentage of warm carcasses in the semi-trailer, the cooling capacity of the cooling system is generally sufficient to evacuate the heat of the carcasses.This study has made it possible to develop a method that characterizes airflow and heat transfer methods in a particularly complex geometry. It showed the interest of coupling transfer models and predictive microbiology models. Experiments at the laboratory scale were built by reproducing the real conditions as closely as possible thanks to the support of specialists in the meat sector. Thus the model carcasses were made in molds obtained by 3D printing from X-Ray scanners of real carcasses. The results of this study are directly usable by the profession and the public authorities for the adaptation of the refrigerated transport regulations. The approach developed may be adapted for similar problems in very congested ventilated enclosures
Ennassiri, Hamza. "Analyse magnéto-vibroacoustique des machines synchrones discoides à commutation de flux dédiées aux véhiculex électriques hybrides." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH36/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis deals with the issue of vibroacoustic emissions from the first design phases of electrical machines in order to have robust, reliable and above all efficient machines that meet the constraints in a wide range of applications and especially electrical vehicles. This manuscript is not only interested in the identification and highlighting the vibroacoustic problem, but above all to brought solutions and response elements to certain constraints. Knowing that the vibroacoustic problem is too vast and complex, this thesis focuses on vibroacoustic aspects of electromagnetic origin. To do so, the methods of noise reduction are presented but only the passive reduction solutions are used. These solutions are based on the design and optimization of efficient and less noisy electrical machines. This brings us back to the core of this work, which is the development of tools and multi-physics models combining the criteria of genericity, speed, accuracy and simplicity of coupling. In this context, several electric, magnetic, mechanical, thermal and acoustic models are presented. Different coupling strategies and modeling approaches are investigated. Conclusions are drawn each time according to the needs for the application use case
Feppon, Florian. "Shape and topology optimization of multiphysics systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX080/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to shape and topology optimization of multiphysics systemsmotivated by aeronautic industrial applications. Shape derivatives of arbitraryobjective functionals are computed for a weakly coupled thermal fluid-structuremodel. A novel gradient flow type algorithm is then developed for solving genericconstrained shape optimization problems without the need for tuning non-physicalmetaparameters. Motivated by the need for enforcing non-mixing constraints in thedesign of liquid-liquid heat exchangers, a variational method is developed in orderto simplify the numerical evaluation of geometric constraints: it allows to computeline integrals on a mesh by solving a variational problem without requiring theexplicit knowledge of these lines on the spatial discretization. All theseingredients allowed us to implement a variety of 2-d and 3-d multiphysics shapeoptimization test cases: from single, double or three physics problems in 2-d, tomoderately large-scale 3-d test cases for structural design, thermal conduction,aerodynamic design and a fluid-structure interacting system. A final opening chapterderives high order homogenized equations for perforated elliptic systems. These highorder equations encompass the three classical regimes of homogenized modelsassociated with different obstacle's size scalings. They could allow, in futureworks, to develop new topology optimization methods for fluid systems characterizedby multi-scale patterns as commonly encountered in industrial heat exchanger designs
Pinson, Laura. "Analyse et représentation des épisodes de caniculaires en zones urbaines denses : de la durée à la conception d'un indice de dangerosité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1061/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in its 4th report underlines that the European cities will be impacted by more frequent and more intense scorching episodes due to the climatic modifications taking place during the XXIth century. Peculiar climatic areas, significantly hotter than their surroundings, cities amplify the phenomenon of the urban heat island (UHI). In the example of Paris, the urban islands of heat can exceed by 8°C to 10°C the temperatures measured a few kilometers away. This effect is all the more fatal as heat wave periods become more and more regular (2003, 2006, 2010, 2015). The knowledge on the heat wave phenomenon requires to put in relation spatial and temporal data so as to define high-risk areas.To be able to simulate a heat wave, the SURFEX-TEB model, designed by Météo-France, and CNRS, was chosen. It allows to estimate the temperature in town from weather conditions of the highest atmospheres. These forecasts are particularly important in heat wave periods where temperature differences between cities and suburban areas can exceed 8°C. The heat wave risk, resulting from the UHI, is complex to both understand and represent.To characterize, understand and represent the heat wave by the means of the SURFEX-TEB model, we made a data fusion with measures realized during the 2015 heat wave in Paris. This assimilation highlights, for instance, the accumulation phenomena and the impact of the apartments configuration on the inside and outside temperatures. Our various configurations allowed to confirm the importance of taking into account the internal temperatures during heat waves periods.This research thus proposes a specific and technical perspective of the heat waves representation. Its objectives are a better representation of heat waves and a sharper estimation of their dangerousness according to the phenomenon duration, its intensity and the urban and human features. Maps describing the heat wave and its dangerousness are highlighted thanks to the elaboration of a public Web site.The results of this research rise an interrogation on the thresholds of heat wave. They underline the importance to introduce an internal threshold of heat wave and demonstrate the role of the urban configuration, particularly the types of house. This should contribute to better take into account the dangerousness of heat waves and to improve the mitigation of their effects
Mohammedi, Mehdi. "Modélisation en régime dynamique de structures d'habitation couplées a leurs équipements énergetiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0710.
Повний текст джерелаBrufau, Hélène. "Analyse et modélisation de dynamiques de végétation." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0191.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Yanjun. "Production of γ-valerolactone from the hydrogenation of levulinic acid or alkyl levulinates : calorimetry and kinetic study Application of the concept of Linear Free Energy Relationships to the hydrogenation of levulinic acid and its corresponding esters Thermal risk assessment of levulinic acid hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR02.
Повний текст джерелаFossil energy plays a fondamental role in the economy, society and politics. Till now, different renewable energy are explored to be an alternative for energy supply, such as wind, solar, hydro and biomass energy. Among these renewable energy, biomass is regarded as the organic carbon source which can be applied for production of fuels, chemicals or materials. Among the bio-based chemicals, production of platform molecules such as levulinic acid (LA) and its esters is one of attractive way for biomass valorization. LA and its esters can be obtained through hydrolysis and alcoholysis of cellulose or hemicellulose. By further hydrogenation, γ-valerolactone (GVL) is produced and it is also regarded as a platform molecule for further upgrading to biofuels and chemicals with wide application. To scale-up the hydrogenation reaction and to find the optimum operating conditions towards safety and cost, the following questions must be answered : - What is the thermal risk of this reaction? ; - Which starting materials to choose (LA or esters)? ; - For a better energy integration of this process, how to measure the reaction enthalpies? Herein, at first, thermal risk assessment for hydrogenation of LA to GVL catalyzed by Ru/C in water was performed. A simplified kinetic model including energy balance under near-adiabatic conditions was developed to estimate the kinetic constants and thermal risk parameters of this reaction system. Through this thermal risk assessment, it was possible to know the safe operation conditions for this reaction system, i.e., preventing the risk of thermal runaway. Secondly, a structure-reactivity approach was carried out using the concept of Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFER). i.e., Taft equation. The Taft equation (LFER) was applied to hydrogenation of LA and its corresponding esters to GVL catalyzed over Ru/C. GVL was used as a solvent to allow the solubility of the different reactants, namely, LA, methyl levulinate (ML), ethyl levulinate (EL) and n-butyl levulinate (BL). It was demonstrated that the kinetics of the first step, i.e., hydrogenation of LA, ML, EL or BL to the corresponding intermediates and the kinetics of the second step, i.e., ring-closure follow Taft equation. The polar and steric effect of the substituents were evaluated, and it is shown that polar effect governs the kinetics of both reaction steps. Thirdly, the estimation of reaction enthalpies by calorimetry experiments was done. The estimation of such thermodynamic constants by using different thermodynamic models can be hazardous, because in this study GVL was used as a solvent and there are no data concerning the intermediates. Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate (ML) to GVL catalyzed over Ru/C was selected for this study. A method which links calorimetry measurement with composition analysis was developed to determine the reaction enthalpies of the overall reaction and two consecutive steps. It was found that the overall reaction enthalpy was -51.5 kJ/mol of GVL produced, which indicates that the reaction for production of GVL from ML is exothermic. The reaction enthalpy for the first hydrogenation step was calculated to be -58.66 kJ/mol of ML consumed, and for the reaction enthalpy for the second ring-closure step was calculated to be +7.16 kJ/mol of GVL produced
Arnault, Axel. "Simulation et optimisation de l'intégration de matériaux à changement de phase dans une zone thermique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28549/28549.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJuntharee, Pongpol. "Quelques modèles mathématiques de jonctions." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833161.
Повний текст джерелаGuenoun, Smail. "Transfert thermique dans les dispositifs mécaniques soumis aux frottements : modélisation et expérimentation." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100196.
Повний текст джерелаAnalytical, numerical and experimental tools are developed in this thesis to determine the temperatures and the thermal contact parameters in solids subjected to frictional heating. This friction takes place I the periphery of rotating machines. We were interested in two types of contacts: (i) ring-rollers of a bearing; made of 3 cylinders with parallel axes and (ii) disc-sector; equivalent to the brush-collector contact of an electric generator. For the first configuration we propose, on the one hand, an analytical model to determine the heat partition coefficient and the temperatures of the 3 solids, and on the other hand, a numerical modeling to study the convection phenomena in the bearing gap. For the second configuration, an experimental study serve to complete the analytical and numerical models developed to determine the temperatures, the partition of heat flux at the sector-disc contact and the thermal contact parameters. This latter are estimated through inverse methods. We present the evolution of temperatures and the partition of heat flux for the two studied configurations and we analyze the tendencies observed as a function of the physical parameters involved. We propose correlations for the Nusselt number associated to the convection in the cavity formed by the rings and the rollers of the bearing. The experimental study, together with the analytical model developed for the sector-disc device, made it possible to estimate the intrinsic heat partition coefficient and the thermal contact resistance from the temperature measurements taken at different points of the sector and disc
Montavon, Ghislain. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation heuristique de la formation d'un dépôt en projection thermique : : application à la mise en forme par projection thermique." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESAA001.
Повний текст джерелаGueye, Dieng Khadidiatou. "Analyse du risque technique de la branche incapacité-invalidité." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10254.
Повний текст джерелаPham, Tuan Minh. "Modélisation et analyse de la distribution de contenus dans un réseau DTN." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066554.
Повний текст джерела