Дисертації з теми "Analyse clinique et génétique"
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Marçais, Ambroise. "Analyse intégrée génétique et épigénétique des lymphoproliférations malignes liées au virus HTLV-1 : de la biologie à la clinique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS183.
Повний текст джерелаAdult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a rare and mature T cell malignancy induced by the retrovirus HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) which bears a dismal prognosis. We have studied several molecular aspects of HTLV-1 induced lymphomagenesis on a retrospective cohort of ATL patients.First, we analyzed the global level of the DNA epigenetic mark hydroxymethylation (5hmc) as well as of enzymes implicated in its regulation in primary ATL cells. We observed a reduction of the 5hmc level in aggressive ATL compared to indolent forms with a positive correlation between the reduction of the 5hmc level, the decrease of the TET2 dioxygenase transcript and the patient overall survival. We found that somatic mutations in TET2 were present with a frequency of less than 10% but identified a SNP in TET2 locus whose frequency in ATL patients was higher compared to that of an ethnically matched control population.In a second part, we took advantage of a new technique of ligated mediated PCR followed with high throughput sequencing to analyze the viral integration architecture as a means of minimal residual disease detection. We demonstrate that this technique allows a better definition of the treatment response compared to actual consensus response criteria.Finally, we performed an integrated genomic analysis of a retrospective cohort of 60 ATL patients. We identified alterations targeting the TCR/NFKB signaling pathway, T cell trafficking and immune escape mechanisms, consistent with previous findings described in a Japanese ATL cohort. RNAseq analysis revealed the systematic perturbation of host gene expression secondary to viral integration and proceeding via the viral antisense leading to the production of a virus-host chimeric transcript production or the direct transcription termination of a host gene. Analysis of matched sequential samples of patients progressing from an indolent to an aggressive form revealed in most of the cases the acquisition of mutations affecting the TCR/NF-KB pathway. Analysis of sequential samples from patients who relapsed after a remission period also showed the acquisition of additional genetic alterations.These results underscore the specific nature of HTLV-1 induced lymphomagenesis, which proceeds on the one hand through mechanisms induced by the viral integration in the host genome, and consequent host-gene expression perturbation (viral first oncogenic hit) and on the other hand through secondary oncogenic mutations in various pathways, common to other mature B and T cell lymphoid malignancies
Rojas, Rojas Teresa Milagros. "Particularités du carcinome hépatocellulaire au Pérou : étude clinique, génétique et de médecine intégrative." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0549.
Повний текст джерелаLiver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. About 83% of liver cancer cases occur in the developing world. The preeminent histotype of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to the relevant literature, HCC is defined by patient profile corresponding grossly to cirrhotic males over 50 years old. The aims of the present work were thus to i) confirm at the molecular level the pecularity of Peruvian HCC; ii) evaluate the surgical intervention strategies for HCC in the clinical context encountered in Peru; iii) study the practices of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine ( TCAM) among patients; iv) widen the study to other low- and middle income countries in order to provide deeper insights on liver cancer. We found that Peruvian HCC displayed a unique mutation spectrum. Furthermore, we demonstrated that current therapeutic algorithms for liver cancer are not suited to the clinical context found in Peru. These therapeutic algorithms should be reevaluated in order to increase the number of patients who could be eligible for surgical intervention. Moreover, we characterized the fact that the majority of Peruvian HCC patients rely on phytotherapy in a complementary and alternative way. Finally, we undertook a preliminary clinical, epidemiological study on liver cancer in Cambodia. We delineated a clinical context distinct from the one described in Peru that also requires further clinical and scientific investigation
V, de Medeiros Paula F. G. "Syndromes liés à la délétion 22q11 : 1) Contribution à l'étude phénotypique : 2) Analyse cytomoléculaire de la taille de la délétion : 3) Recherche d'une corrélation clinique et moléculaire (Doctorat: Génétique Médicale)." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1M425.
Повний текст джерелаDiene, Seydina Mouhamadou. "Analyse génomique et moléculaire d'isolats cliniques de bactéries multi-résistantes aux antibiotiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5049.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter (E.P.A) species have become a major concern worldwide. The hospital-acquired infections caused by MDR bacteria have led not only to an increase in mortality, morbidity, and cost of treatment, but also continue to endanger the life of patients, especially those immunocompromised. Although the frequent misuse of antibiotic drug has greatly contributed to worldwide dissemination and resistance to antibiotics; recent studies have shown that these resistance determinants could emerge from ancient or environmental sources. Front of this worldwide concern, several studies have been reported with significant recommendations to conduct molecular epidemiology, and genomic studies, in order to control the increase and the dissemination of the antibiotic resistance. Moreover, during these last 10 years, we are witnessing the emergence and development of new technologies of high throughput sequencing and coinciding with an exponential increase of number of bacterial genomes sequenced today. Therefore, it is in this context that the project of this thesis was conducted with three essential objectives: (i) the genome sequencing of clinical MDR bacteria, the analysis and the identification of the mechanisms and the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance (ii) the achievement of molecular epidemiology studies from clinical MDR bacteria responsible of outbreak (iii) the development and implementation of molecular tools for monitoring and diagnosis of potential MDR bacteria
Zanetti, Andrea. "Genetic deciphering of early onset and severe retinal dystrophies and establishment of genotype/phenotype correlations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=7893&f=78266.
Повний текст джерелаEarly onset retinal dystrophies (EOSRD) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA - MIM204000) are the leading cause of incurable blindness in children. These diseases, clinically, genetically, and pathophysiologically variable, can be the sign of multisystemic syndromes, such as ciliopathies. They are mostly inherited in autosomal recessive manner, and several genes have been confirmed to be involved. However, the history and clinical expression of LCA are imperfectly understood and many mutations remain unknown. There is a need to continue deciphering these aspects to refine the understanding of pathophysiology. The identification of new responsible genes and the genotype-phenotype correlations are essential for disease management. Thanks to high-throughput gene panel-based sequencing of known LCA/EOSRD genes and investigation in clinical reference centres, the Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology (LGO) has identified the molecular causes of the disease in more than 80% of cases in a cohort of over 700 families. To date, 40 unresolved LCA/EOSRD families have been submitted to whole exome sequencing (WES), leading to the identification of candidate genes, which have been selected for functional validation. Deleterious GPATCH11 variants have been identified in six families comprising 12 affected individuals with retinal dystrophy, exhibiting neurological disorders and skeletal anomalies, providing compelling evidence that recessive mutations in the GPATCH11 gene are responsible for the disease. GPATCH11 is one of the lesser-explored G-patch domain containing proteins, which are known to contribute to the spliceosome. Four recessive mutations were identified, with the splice-site NM_174931.4: c.328+1G>T being common to four out of six families and affecting the consensus splice site of intron 4, causing exon 4 to be excluded from the transcript without breaking the reading frame and producing a shorter protein. Both wild-type and mutated GPATCH11 proteins are localised in the nucleoplasm with a diffuse pattern and in the centrosome of the primary cilia of fibroblasts, suggesting roles in RNA and cilia metabolism. The mouse model (Gpatch11delta5/delta5) generated at the Institute Imagine, carrying the deletion of exon 5 equivalent to exon 4 of human GPATCH11, replicates the patients' phenotypic defects, such as retinal dystrophy and behavioural abnormalities. Retina transcriptome analysis identified deregulated pathways in gene expression and splicing, impacting key processes, such as photoreceptor light responses, RNA regulation, and primary cilia-associated metabolism. Mass-spectrometry analysis found downregulated proteins involved in vision perception, synaptic function and RNA binding and splicing pathways, and upregulated proteins mostly involved in RNA processing and splicing (Publication 1). Furthermore, the involvement of GPATCH11 in the brain is currently being explored through immunostaining and transcriptome/proteome analysis, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure responsible for memory. Gpatch11delta5/delta5 mice are viable and develop normally, except that males are completely infertile and exhibit smaller than normal and empty testis. The cause of this infertility is under investigation in collaboration with an external laboratory (Part 2A, B)
Gutknecht, Lise. "Syndrome autistique et système sérotoninergique : approche génétique, biochimique et clinique." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2031.
Повний текст джерелаDupré, Nicolas. "Étude clinique et génétique de l'ataxie récessive de la Beauce." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25382/25382.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe ascertained 64 probands and affected members of 30 French-Canadian families all showing similar clinical features and originating from the same region of Quebec. After informed consent, we performed detailed clinical history, neurological examination, brain imaging, nerve conduction studies, and SYNE1 mutation detection of all available subjects. Based on the cases examined, Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia Type 1 is a cerebellar syndrome characterized by: recessive transmission; middle-age onset (mean 31.60 years, range 17-46); slow progression and moderate disability; significant dysarthria; mild oculomotor abnormalities; occasional brisk reflexes in the lower extremities; normal nerve conduction studies and diffuse cerebellar atrophy on imaging. We identified a total of 7 mutations in our population, thereby providing evidence of genotypic heterogeneity. Patients with different mutations did not show significant phenotypic heterogeneity. We expect that this disease will be a common cause of middle-age onset recessive ataxia worldwide.
Mouaffak, Fayçal. "Schizophrénie Ultra Résistante : un trouble neurodéveloppemental : caractérisation clinique et génétique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066725.
Повний текст джерелаDevouassoux, Shisheboran Mojgan. "Analyse génétique des tumeurs germinales : recherche d'instabilité génétique et caractéristiques génotypiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T132.
Повний текст джерелаMeria, René Claude. "La psychologie du comédien : analyse clinique et psychopathologie." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081962.
Повний текст джерелаRozé, Julie Hoornaert Alain Saffarzadeh Kermani Afchine. "Architecture osseuse et stabilité implantaire analyse pré-clinique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=28176.
Повний текст джерелаValeri, Antoine. "Etude génétique, épidémiologique et clinique du cancer de la prostate familial." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD07.
Повний текст джерелаBardou-Jacquet, Édouard. "Surcharges en fer rares d’origine génétique : caractérisation clinique, fonctionnelle, et biologique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S156/document.
Повний текст джерелаHFE related hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by an increased plasma transferrin saturation level, which causes iron overload. These anomalies are due to low hepcidin secretion, the key regulator of iron metabolism, and define the hepcidin deficiency phenotype. New forms of iron overload with similar phenotype were identified, but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The main objective of this work was to characterize the clinical, functional, and biological aspects of rare genetic iron overload with an hepcidin deficiency phenotype. We firstly analyzed a cohort of HH patients, archetype of hepcidin-deficiency and showed that liver transplantation cured the disease, demonstrating the major role of the liver in the phenotype. We then characterized iron overloads with high transferrin saturation related to abnormalities of iron transport: i) we reported a fifth case of patient with DMT1 gene mutations and demonstrated the pathogenicity of the mutation p.Asn491Ser; ii) we described 12 patients with heterozygous mutation of the TF gene, leading to serum transferrin decrease. The increase of transferrin saturation associated to the disease does not seem to be related to a hepcidin-deficiency, and the presence of cofactors may facilitate iron overload. We then described the impact of mutations in the TFR2 gene, which induce hepcidin-deficiency whose expression is heterogeneous but that can occur in young peoples. Then we tried to clarify in vitro the mechanisms linking mutations in the TFR2 gene to an abnormal decrease of hepcidin and showed that the p.Asn12Ile and p.Gly430Arg mutations alter the TFR2 protein intracellular trafficking while the p.Arg768Pro mutation alters its interaction with transferrin. Being unable to induce expression of hepcidin in response to transferrin, unlike some authors, but in agreement with others, we were not able to analyze the impact of mutations on signal transduction toward hepcidin. Our results help to clarify the mechanisms involved in the development of iron overload in rare high saturation of transferrin
Hebrard, Maxime. "Conception et développement d’un système d’aide au diagnostic clinique et génétique des rétinopathies pigmentaires." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13519/document.
Повний текст джерелаDiagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa could be difficult regarding both to clinics or molecular issues. Firstly, there are rare diseases, so the prevalence of each pathology in the world population is very low. Secondly, the symptoms of diseases are very similar, so their phenotypic characterization is hard. Moreover, the eye and the visual process are complex and numerous genes' products are implicated. Although retinopathies are mainly monogenic and mendelian inherited diseases, the polymorphisms involved in these diseases are very diverse.These both observations lead us to develop two complementary methodological approaches in a view to better understand the retinopathies.The first approach aims to identify all the genes involved in the diseases using genotyping chips. For this purpose, we studied genetic linkage between single nucleotide variations and pathologies. The second approach leads to the representation of clinical knowledge. An ontological compound was built to make explicit the knowledge involved in the process of diagnosis. The data previously collected by experts were labeled by terms that were organized in a specific thesaurus. The clinic profiles of the patients and diseases were handled as features collections and were compared by similarity calculations. The goal of this work is to build a knowledge-based system for diagnosis
Forconi, Catherine. "Cytomégalovirus et survie à long terme des greffes d'organes solides : étude clinique et génétique." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3320/document.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing a solid organ transplant, and to prevent the risk of rejection, patients take immunosuppressive treatments that weaken their immune system and promote tumors and infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). This virus is the cause of clinical infectious syndromes but also many "indirect" effects which are not yet clearly understood. Our objectives were firstly to determine the impact of the CMV donor infection on the renal graft survival and secondly to identify factors related to the immune response of the host which can modulate the risk. We showed that the CMV donor is an independent risk factor for kidney graft loss, especially if the recipient is infected. The SNP PD-1.3 is a strong genetic risk factor for renal graft loss associated with CMV donor and this result is confirmed by a validation cohort of lung transplant patients. This work suggests a strong link between this SNP and the exhaustion of the immune response specific anti -CMV and highlights the importance of the pathophysiology associated with CMV on the observed clinical association
Alby-Averseng, Caroline. "Etude clinique et génétique des anomalies du corps calleux chez le foetus." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T037.
Повний текст джерелаCorpus callosum is the main cerebral commissure connecting homologous cortical areas in placental mammals. Malformations of corpus callosum (MCC) are the most frequent brain malformation at birth and are present in 5% of patients with neurodevelopmental delay. A good knowledge of genetics of corpus callosum development should pave the way to better clinical correlations for a more accurate genetic counselling. This is the challenge of the next decade. This thesis concerns a cohort of 138 fetuses with MCCs, well classified on neuropathological examination. It allowed 1/ to unravel the genetic causes of MCC through a triple approach combining CGH array, whole exome and NGS panels sequencing, with a considerable increase in the number of causes of MCC identified ; 2/ identification of a new gene in an extreme ciliopathy phenotype; and 3/ identification of novel ZBTB20 mutations , a gene recently identified as responsible for Primrose syndrome, showing that this syndrome is frequent among MCCs and allowing a precise clinico-radiological description of the syndrome. 4/ Several new candidate genes are under study
Olivier-Faivre, Laurence. "Etude clinique et cartographie génétique des dysplasies microméliques rares avec petite taille." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N120.
Повний текст джерелаBone dysplasias with short stature and micromelia correspond to a large group of diseases, often rare, not well-defined and without known molecular bases. The first goal of this work was to give a better definition of the nosologic features of some of them including Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Desbuquois dysplasia and acromicric dysplasia by analysing clinical and radiological features of series of patients ascertained through international collaborations. The second goal of this work was to identify the molecular basis of some bone dysplasias with short stature and micromelia. In particular, we found linkage to chromosome 19p13. 3-p13. 2 in autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome and. .
Roubertoux, Pierre L. "Analyse genetique et comportements sociaux." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05S002.
Повний текст джерелаDessay, Mariam. "Hétérogénéité clinique et moléculaire de la maladie osseuse de Paget." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70363.
Повний текст джерелаPaget's disease of bone (PDB) is the second most common bone disease after osteoporosis. It affects approximately 3% of the Caucasian population after the age of 55 years old. Thep.Pro392Leu mutation in the gene called SQSTM1, linked to PDB has been identified in halfof the familial forms in the French-Canadian population with an autosomal dominant modeof inheritance. However, this mutation does not fully explain the disease, in particular the cellular phenotype of osteoclasts. The objectives of this study were to better understand the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of PDB, by studying the early factors contributing to the development of the clinical phenotype of PDB in relative carriers of the p.Pro392Leumutation, by looking for a second modifier gene of p.Pro392Leu mutation in some families in our cohort and by studying the modulating effect of miR-16 on the expression of the SQSTM1 gene We reviewed research records from adult offspring carriers of the p.Pro392Leu mutation aged <90 years and their affected parent. In parents, we collected data on sex, age at diagnosis, number of affected bones, total serum alkaline phosphatase levels (tALPs). PDB extended phenotype assessment relying on tALPs, total body bone scan and skull and pelvis radiographs, was performed in offspring at inclusion in 1996 to 2009. An extended phenotypereassessment of these offspring by bone imaging and biochemical markers assay was carriedout between 2016 and 2018. The quantification of miR-16 and SQSTM1 was carried out respectively in plasma (97 participants) and in whole blood (83 participants) by quantitativeRT-PCR in carriers of the p.Pro392Leu mutation (patients with PDB or healthy carriers), innot mutated patients with PDB and healthy controls not mutated. MiR-16 expression was correlated with SQSTM1 gene expression and associations with age atdiagnosis, sex, tALPs and the number of affected bones were searched. Whole exome sequencing was performedusing a HiSeq 2500 with the Agilent XT protocol on four patients from two different families with PDB not carriers of any SQSTM1 mutation in which at least one other sibling with PDB was carrier of the p.Pro392Leu mutation. The clinical phenotype was defined by the age at diagnosis, tALPs level, number of affected bones in patients carrying the p.Pro392Leu and/orp.Val45Ile variant in two families (n=14 participants). The impact of the p.Val45Ile varianton the osteoclastic phenotype (osteoclastogenesis, number of nuclei per osteoclast and bone resorption) was evaluated by in vitro differentiation of monocytes from peripheral blood intomature osteoclasts with RANKL and hMCSF for 21 days, in pagetic patient carriers of one and/or two variants, healthy carriers of these variants, pagetic patients not mutated and healthy controls not mutated. The complete clinical phenotyping to search for asymptomatic PDB in 36 healthy offspring carriers of the p.Pro392Leu mutation showed that among the 36 offspring with an updated phenotype, four of them developed a clinical phenotype of PDB characterized by monostoticor polyostotic increased bone uptake associated with typical radiographic lesions in the affected sites, representing an incidence of 1.83 per 1000 person-years. Moreover, the age at PDB diagnosis was delayed by 10 years in average in the adult offspring carriers thep.Pro392Leu mutation versus their affected parents. Our findings support the utility of a regular monitoring of the adult healthy offspring carriers of this mutation. The modulating effect of miR-16 on the expression of the SQSTM1 gene by gene expression quantificationled a non significant negative correlation of the expression of the SQSTM1 gene by miR-16in participant carriers of the p.Pro392Leu mutation, in patients mutated and not mutated butnot in healthy controls (-0.17103, -0.11583 vs 0.05624, NS). This result suggests a possible role for miR-16 as an epigenetic modifier in PDB. An analysis of the whole exome in two ofour large families with digenic inheritance allowed us to identify a new variant p.Val45Ile inthe DOCK6 gene which could be a modifier gene for the p.Pro392Leu mutation. This rare variant p.Val45Ile could reduce the severity of the clinical phenotype of PDB caused by the mutation in the SQSTM1 gene when the two variants are carried by the same patient. On the other hand, this new variant alone gives rise to a pagetic osteoclastic phenotype but lesss evere than the one observed with the p.Pro392Leu mutation alone. This thesis project thus provided a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PDB which could lead to better clinical management of patients with PDB and to the identification of new diagnostic or therapeutic possibilities, to regulate bone remodeling
Zhao, Wei. "Etudes pharmacocinétiques en pédiatrie : pré-requis, modélisation et analyse de la variabilité génétique et non-génétique." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P613.
Повний текст джерелаThe organ maturation, changes in body composition and ontogeny of metabolising enzymes and transporters are responsible for the developmental changes of pharmacokinetics in children. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the different steps of the pharmacokinetic studies in children (requirements, conduction and data analysis). The results will optimise drug use including therapeutic drug monitoring. The thesis includes studies concerning these different steps illustrated by examples 1) analytical requirements were demonstrated by the development of a highly sensitive analytical method of ciprofloxacin with micro-HPLC-MS, 2) the conduct and data analysis of classical pharmacokinetic studies were demonstrated with the example of antiretroviral drugs in HIV infected children, 3) the conduct and data analysis of population pharmacokinetic studies were illustrated by the use of immunosuppressants in renal transplant children. In addition, integration of pharmacogenetic variability was included in these studies. 4) the importance of population pharmacokinetic modelling for therapeutic drug monitoring was also demonstrated with two drugs frequently used in nephrology which are mycophenolate mofetil in patients with nephrotic syndrome and valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus infected patients. The thesis illustrates the different aspects of pharmacokinetic studies and primarily, modelisation in order to describe and explain pharmacokinetic variability in children and then optimise monitoring
Le, Dantec Corinne. "Mycobactéries atypiques : analyse génétique et distribution dans l'eau potable." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112332.
Повний текст джерелаA recent European directive addressed water intended for human consumption, i. E. Potable water, including drinking water, water used for food preparation and water for other domestic uses. Therefore, water used for personal hygiene is included in this definition. Thus, skin contact with contaminated water and the inhalation of aerosols generated from contaminated water may be risk factors legally covered by the directive. Atypical mycobacteria found in drinking water distribution systems are residents able to colonize, to survive, to persist and to grow in tap water and not contaminants from another source. The resistance of mycobacteria to common disinfectants and their tolerance to a wide range of pHs and temperatures allow them to persist in drinking water systems. In the first part of this study, we investigated the frequency of recovery of mycobacteria in the water distribution system of Paris and in two treatment plants, at some intermediate stages of treatment, providing drinking water of Paris. The Paris water distribution system is colonized by several species of mycobacteria, saprophytic and potentially pathogenic species. The lack of detectable mycobacteria at the end of the water treatment lines and the presence of mycobacteria in the treated water distribution system could be explained by the presence of biofilms in pipes. An additional study on chlorine disinfection of atypical mycobacteria showed that chlorination conditions used in the distribution system is not sufficient to eliminate mycobacteria, especially potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. In the second part, we identified the replication region of the 23-kb linear plasmid pCLP from Mycobacterium celatum. Thus, we constructed an E. Coli-mycobacteria shuttle vector may be used in both slow- and fast-growing species and in co-transformation experiments with other mycobacterial vectors. Complete sequence of pCLP revealed at least nineteen putative ORFs which twelve were expressed. Sequence analysis revealed similar loci in both M. Celatum pCLP and M. Tuberculosis chromosome and ORFs that are similar to genes of bacterial circular plasmids involved in partition and postsegregational mechanisms. In addition, we investigated the occurrence of linear plasmids in mycolic-acid-containing bacteria, a group of phylogenetically related actinomycetes. Linear plasmids were not present in all the strains of a particular species or genus, which suggests that they were independently acquired
Versini, Audrey. "Analyse génétique et phénotypique d'une addiction comportementale : l'anorexie mentale." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066344.
Повний текст джерелаMihaita, Sava Carmen. "Adaptations culturelles : une méta-analyse d'efficacité clinique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27332/27332.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRaud, Loann. "De la variabilité génétique à l’expression phénotypique des groupes sanguins : exemple du système Rh From genetic variability to phenotypic expression of blood group systems, in Transfusion Clinique et biologique 24(4), November 2017 Functional analysis of novel RHD variants: splicing disruption is likely to be a common mechanism of variant D phenotype, in Transfusion 59(4), April 2019 Weak D type 1, 2 and 3 subtype alleles are rare in the Western French population, in Transfusion medicine 29(3), June 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0012.
Повний текст джерелаRh system is the most complex and polymorphic blood group system. It’s driven by two homologous genes RHD and RHCE and contains 55 antigens, including the D antigen, carried by the RhD protein, is the most immunogenic and has a major interest in terms of public health. Currently, several hundred variants alleles are listed in the RHD gene, resulting in high phenotypic variability of the D antigen expression. In most cases, blood typing of individuals with a D variant is often not available by serological approaches, so molecular analyses should be used to identify potential defects and deduce the corresponding phenotype. Nevertheless, the interpretation of these rare variants and their consequences on the antigen expression often remain difficult. In this work, we are more specifically interested in three categories of variants: splicing variants, synonymous variants and missense variants. We studied the molecular and cellular impact of these variants by developing functional genetic approaches and observed their respective effects on the splicing alteration and/or on the D antigen expression. This work has provided an overview of the different molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic variability of the Rh system, in particular the interpretation of rare variants affecting the canonical splice sites and the splicing regulatory elements, using a minigene splicing assay developed in our laboratory. Then, beyond the fundamental interest of the functional characterization of these variants, in association with serological analyses, it presents a diagnostic interest in the functional interpretation of certain ambiguous phenotypes. Then, beyond the fundamental interest of the functional characterization of these variants, in association with serological analyses, it presents a diagnostic interest in the functional interpretation of certain ambiguous phenotypes and thus guide the biologist in the management of transfusion and pregnancy
Legendre, Marine. "Le syndrome CHARGE : étude clinique et moléculaire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT1406/document.
Повний текст джерелаCHARGE syndrome is a rare disorder of multiple congenital anomalies ascribed to a CHD7 gene mutation in 60% to 90% of cases. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge regarding molecular and clinical aspects of the syndrome in order to optimize the management of these patients with severe disability. Antenatal diagnosis remains challenging in many instances and a detailed clinicopathological survey in a series of 40 fetuses allowed us to refine the clinical description of CHARGE syndrome in fetuses, describe some novel features and set up diagnostic criteria. An endocrinologic study of 42 patients showed a hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in 97% of cases. For this reason, it should be considered as a major symptom of the syndrome. An early screening should lead to a hormonal replacement therapy which dramatically impacts the condition.A study of a French cohort of 119 patients found that deafness and semi-circular canals hypoplasia were the most frequent symptoms (followed by hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, arhinencephaly and external ears anomalies) and the only features statistically associated with a mutation in the CHD7 gene. A detailed study of the data is still going on.The syndrome is mainly due to de novo and private truncating mutations of the CHD7 gene but we report an intriguing hot spot of intronic mutations located in IVS25. Combining computational in silico analysis and ex vivo minigene assays, we explained this mutation hot spot by a particular genomic context, including a distant branch point, and confirmed the pathogenicity of these mutations
AUDEBERT, FRANCOISE. "Analyse clinique et pharmacocinetique des envenimations par les viperes europeennes." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077217.
Повний текст джерелаBAROIS, DUMEIGE CHRISTINE. "Analyse comparative d'une evaluation diagnostique informatisee et d'un entretien clinique." Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIEM105.
Повний текст джерелаLIEBAERT, CHRISTOPHE. "Analyse du comportement du rachis cervical : etude clinique et biomecanique." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M334.
Повний текст джерелаGautier, Christian. "Analyse statistique et évolution des séquences d'acides nucléiques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19034.
Повний текст джерелаKhaled, Abdel-Sabour. "Analyse des gènes ZmOCL et PK8 impliqués dans l'embryogenèse précoce du maïs." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0315.
Повний текст джерелаGuerardel, Audrey. "Analyse de deux gènes candidats physiologiques et positionnels de l'obésité humaine CART et PCSK1." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S012.
Повний текст джерелаCommon obesity is a multifactorial disease, whose recent increase, is related to the modernization of life. This epidemic is the consequence of a physical inactivity and an unlimited access to over-nutrition and consumption of caloric food. Nevertheless, many familial studies and the identification of monogenic forms of obesity indicate that genetic factors are also involved. All determinants of the polygenic forms are still unknown, recent studies show the role of genes in the signalling of insulin (ENPP1) and metabolic pathways of neurotransmitters (GABA, serotonin) which would predispose to obesity in a sedentary, high calorie lifestyle. The identification of genetic factors in the polygenic diseases such as obesity is assessed by direct studies of physiological genes and by indirect analyses with positional candidate genes located in chromosomal regions of linkage to phenotype traits. Two genome wide-scans on French Caucasian families show the importance of the locus 5cen-q. Among many genes located in this region ; CART (5q12-q13) and PCSK1 (5q15-q21) genes are expressed in the central nervous system (principally in the hypothalamus) and are involved in the control of food intake and the regulation of energy homeostasis. The analysis of a 5,4 Kb region of the CART gene (Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript), including the promoter, 3 exons, introns and the 3'UTR, resulted in the identification of a promoter SNP (SNP-3608T>C) which is associated with the polygenic obesity. In a general population, this polymorphism is also associated, with subfractions of plasma cholesterol and apolipoproteins which suggests that the CART gene maybe implicated in lipid metabolism and atherogenesis. Within a Danish study of menopausal women, the SNP-3608T>C was shown to effect remodelling of the bone mass (on arm BMD). PCSK1 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin type 1) Gene code for a neuroendocrine member of the family of subtilisin-like proprotein convertases and is important for the maturation of pro-hormones and neuropeptides precursors such as the proinsulin and POMC. PCSK1 gene mutations are responsible for a number of rare monogenic forms of severe obesity. The analysis of this gene in a polygenic context enabled the identification of frequent mutations including a non-synonymous exonic variant which is associated with adult and/or childhood polygenic obesity. The genetic approach validates physiological hypotheses and improves current understanding of metabolic pathways, and suggests a pleiotropic effect of the CART gene and that the CART and PCSK1 genes are implicated in polygenic obesity
Chaaya, Nancy. "Anticorps catalytiques et répertoires immuns murins : analyse génétique, biochimique et bio-informatique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2495.
Повний текст джерелаIn the late 80s, catalytic antibodies have been discovered in the serum of patients, especially patients with auto-immune diseases. Some of the catalytic antibodies appear to have a beneficial effect on health while others are deleterious. In order to understand the link between catalytic antibodies and immune system pathologies, previous work leaded to 4 single chain Fragment variable (scFv) libraries exposed on phage surface, representing different genetic backgrounds and immunological states. The scFvs, composed with the variable regions of the heavy (H) and light (L) chains, are encoded by immunoglobulin gene subgroups V(H), D(H), J(H), V(L) and J(L). With the objective to decipher the potential origin of catalytic antibodies, a statistical representation of each subgroup within each repertoire has been done, based on more than 300 000 sequences. The NGS data analysis showed a variable expression of some gene subgroups (comprising “rare” ones) between the 4 libraries showing that the genetic background and/or the immunological state influence immunoglobulin gene subgroup expression. Then, we investigated the presence of antibodies with potent active sites in the libraries by molecular modelling. Libraries express more putative catalytic antibodies than others depending on the genetic background and the immunological state profile. Finally, in the objective to validate this in silico approach, an in vitro approach was considered. 5 scFvs exposed on phage surface have thus been selected during a previous work by iterative process on the basis of their catalytic activity: β-lactamase like activity. Each of them displays a unique primary and tertiary structure. The scFvs exposed on the phage surface must be catalytically active while expressed in soluble form too. One of the selected scFvs, P90C2, was optimized and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria in the form of inclusion bodies and then solubilized and refolded. Although soluble P90C2 fully retained its binding activity, its catalytic potency was completely lost. Further experiments aimed to i) optimize refolding protocol, ii) study the impact of scFv codon-optimization, and iii) show the influence of the pIII fusion protein on the scFv catalytic activity
Misson, Julie. "Le signal phosphate chez "Arabidopsis thaliana" : analyse génétique et moléculaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11060.
Повний текст джерелаPhosphate is an essential nutrient for plant development and metabolism. Plants have developed numerous responses in order to grow in soils often limiting in this element. In order to have a global vision of these responses, we have performed a transcriptional analysis on "Arabidopsis thaliana" to identify the targets of phosphate. The 700 genes found modulated by Pi have been classified following their functions and their regulation (induction/repression by Pi starvation, root/leaves expression, « early » or « late » modulation using transfer experiments). A Pi-starvation-induced gene, the high affinity Pi transporter Pht1;4 has been characterized. Using insertion mutants lines, we have shown the role of this transporter among its homologues from the Pht1 family. It contributes to 40% of Pi uptake capacity of the Pi starved plant. One of the insertion line, pht1;4-1, contains a GUS reporter gene fused to the Pht1;4 promoter, allowing the determination of the expression pattern of this gene in external cell layers of the root only in Pi limiting condition. We have used this line as a visual control of Pht1;4 regulation in a genetic screen to identify mutants deregulated in Pi signal transduction pathway. In the progeny of pht1;4-1 mutagenized seeds, we have isolated five mutants par (phosphate abnormal response), which exhibited a constitutive expression of Pht1;4 independently of the Pi supply condition. Their characterization shows that they are affected in various Pi starvation responses and are probably mutated in the transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation of this gene
Jeannesson, Elise. "Analyse génétique et transcriptomique du transporteur ABCB1 en physiopathologie cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10130/document.
Повний текст джерелаABCB1 is an ubiquitously expressed membrane transporter. Resistance to drugs is associated with genetic variations of its gene and with modulation of its expression through the PXR transcription factor. Given that ABCB1 could also transport cholesterol, our goal was to conduct a genomic and transcriptomic analysis of ABCB1 based on the following hypotheses: 1) ABCB1 variants would partly explain plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, and 2) ABCB1 expression profile in PBMCs would be a new, and easily available, cardiovascular biomarker. We have determined frequency of ABCB1 variants in 371 subjects from the STANISLAS cohort. We have shown in these healthy people that ABCB1 variants modulate lipid concentrations, sometimes in a sex-dependant manner. Significant associations were also observed in subjects with a high cardiovascular risk. In addition, DNA microarray analysis showed that most of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transcription factors are constitutively expressed in PBMCs of healthy subjects. ABCB1 and PXR were measured by quantitative RT-PCR in 83 subjects from the STANISLAS cohort. They are both expressed in PBMCs but their expressions do not correlate. Finally, there is no association between ABCB1, or PXR, expression in PBMCs and lipid plasma concentrations in healthy subjects. To conclude, ABCB1 variants would modulate lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. However, from our results, we cannot propose ABCB1 expression in PBMCs as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. It would be of interest to reproduce this study in PBMCs of people at high cardiovascular risk or in an in vitro model of PBMCs with induction studies of ABCB1 expression
Ravaz, Nathalie. "Croissance de populations levuriennes mixtes : effet Killer : analyse et modélisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT058G.
Повний текст джерелаSichel, François. "Galactosyltransferase et cancer de l'ovaire : analyse clinique et étude d'un modèle expérimental humain." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN4018.
Повний текст джерелаDrynda, Antoine. "Construction et analyse de vecteurs rétroviraux pour l'étude de l'intégration rétrovirale et le transfert de gènes." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10042.
Повний текст джерелаBouchard, Jean-Pierre. "Ils ont tué père et mère : analyse clinique du parricide pathologique." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU2036.
Повний текст джерелаParricide has always been considered as "the crime of all crimes". This rare very little stuidied homicide is still an unclear phenomenon. After having reconsidered the repressive and clinical history of the crime, this research, based on 37 parricide cases 15 matricides, 15 patricides, 7 double parricides) commited by men over 17 and mentally disturbed, tries to fill in this gap this study brings forward evidence of the aggressors' pre-existing and generally ancient motivations, that in favour of provoking factors, are the origin of these violent and archaic actings out. Thanks to this statement, it is possible to identify the factors of alert or parricide risk. The detection of these factors can lead to preventing parricide and its attempts. It seems possible to extend these conclusions to other human pathological aggressions. They can also be of judical interest in terms of mental estimation and concerning the trend of certain crime inquiries
Jonard, Laurence. "Surdités progressives d'origine génétique : analyse des gènes SLC26A4, COCH, WFS1 et étude pangénomique." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066591.
Повний текст джерелаPlauchu, Henri. "Étude d'une concentration géographique de la maladie de Rendu et Osler : aspects clinique, génétique, démographique et épidémiologique." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1H074.
Повний текст джерелаMorice-Picard, Fanny. "Etude clinique et génétique de l’albinisme oculocutané : développement d’outils de diagnostic moléculaire et recherche de nouveaux gènes." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22101/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur work focused on oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) by studying its clinical and molecular aspects. Despite a thorough analysis of the known genes involved in oculocutaneous albinism, 15% of patients remain without diagnostic at the molecular level indicating that mutations are located in unexplored regions and are undetected by standard techniques or that other genes are involved in albinism. We established a clinicomolecular database describing more than 400 patients and developped molecular tools in order to improve molecular diagnostic including a custom high resolution array-CGH dedicated to the four OCA genes (TYR, OCA2, TYRP1 and SLC45A2). We also used different strategies to identify new genes. Array-CGH allows us to detect large deletion in TYR, OCA2 and SLC45A2 and a complexe rearrangement in OCA2 in 2 unrelated patients. We identified, in 5 patients presenting with a non syndromic OCA, mutations in SLC24A5, recently associated with OCA6. Exome sequencing of 6 different patients allows us to identify candidate genes, for which further studies are required to confirm their involvement in OCA pathogenesis. The results of this work allowed us to delineate clinical and genetics aspects of more than 400 OCA patients and to identify new molecular mechanisms leading to OCA and candidates genes for which exact nature of their functions has to be understood. Giving the complexity of pigmentary system development and its regulation, identification of new genes leading to OCA could help to better understand OCA and take care of patients
Boulling, Arnaud. "Recherche et analyse fonctionnelle de variants génétiques associés aux pancréatites chroniques." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES3206.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a relapsing inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Over the past 12 years, genetic studies of hereditary, familial, and idiopathic forms of CP have made great progress in defining the disease pathogenesis. Identification of gain-of-function missense and copy number mutations in the PRSS1 gene (encoding the cationic trypsinogen) and loss-of-function variants in the SPINK1 gene (encoding pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI)), has firmly established the pivotal role of prematurely activated trypsin within the pancreas in the etiology of CP. Aim of the study: As encountered in many disease-associated genes, a major challenge is interpretation of the identified variations in terms of their likely clinical consequences. The main aim of this work was to functionaly analyse all the already described or newly found variations Located in the coding region and the 5’ regulatory region (5’ RR) of the SPINK1 gene. Results: We functionally analyzed 12 5’ RR variations and 10 missense mutations (three Located in the signal peptide whereas the 7 others in the mature peptide). The resulting findings suggested that SPINK1 variations can be divided into three categories, depending upon their localization in the gene. Thus, the 5’ RR variations resulted in a loss of transcription, whereas missense mutations in the signal and mature peptides resulted in an intracellular degradation either by blocking translocation of the pre-peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum or by redirecting the mis-folded mature peptides to cytosolic proteasomes. In addition, a rough correlation between the severity of the functional defect, the genetic findings and the risk to develop CP of each category of variations was observed. Signal peptide mutations are the most deleterious alterations and can cause the hereditary form of CP. Mature peptide mutations lead to a moderate to high loss of function but are almost invariably found in sporadic cases of CP. Finally, 5’ RR variations often result in minor or moderate reduction of gene expression and generally represent a low risk factor. Conclusion: This work was the first to systematically assess the functional impact of the SPINK1 variations in mammalian cell cultures. Our findings clarified the role of the diverse SPINK1 variants in the etiology of CP and resulted in a better understanding of the genotype/phenotype relationship
Vodovar, Nicolas. "Analyse génétique et génomique de l' interaction entre Drosophila melanogaster et Pseudomonas entomophila." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066366.
Повний текст джерелаFrançois, Mariel. "Détection de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite C : signification clinique et biologique." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3801.
Повний текст джерелаNébor, Danitza. "Etude des facteurs génétiques et cellulaires impliqués dans la variabilité de l'expression clinique de la drépanocytose." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0359.
Повний текст джерелаSickle cell anemia is a monogenic disease caused by a single base change in the β-globin gene characterized by a heterogeneous clinic expression. We studied genetic and cellular factors involved for this clinical variability. We showed a lower frequency of α-thalassemia in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients an a delay of the median age of albuminuria onset in 55 subjects with α-thalassemia suggesting a protective effect of α-thalassemia against glomerulopathy. We also described an increase of circulating leukocytes and plasmatic IL-8 and RANTES chemokines in patients expressing DARC receptor for chemokines on their red blood cells with no effect on the studied complications. In children, we observed a increase of total microparticles (MPs) mostly derived from platelets, erythrocytes, monocytes and endothelial cells. Platelets, erythrocytes and monocytes derived MPs are negatively correlated with HbF level. Our results also show that children treated with hydroxycarbamide (HC) exhibited lower total MP concentration as a consequence of decreased MPs shed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells suggesting that like erythrocytes, endothelial cells are cellular targets of HC. In Jamaican SCA adults, we observed higher total erythrocyte and platelet derived MPs compared to control but there was no difference in the profiles of MPs expression according to the disease severity
Perrier, Xavier. "Analyse de la diversité génétique : mesures de dissimilarité et représentations arborées." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20201.
Повний текст джерелаHéritier, Anne. "Génétique et physiopathologie du syndrome de Lowe, analyse des aspects neurologiques." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4397&f=28947.
Повний текст джерелаLowe's syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder associated with loss of function mutations in the OCRL gene. It is characterized by congenital cataract, proximal renal tubulopathy and neurological signs. Currently, the pathophysiology of neurological signs is still unclear. My thesis focuses on the study of cellular and molecular bases of neurological signs of Lowe's syndrome.We began by mimicking the pathology in vitro using neurons from the mouse hippocampus where we inhibited OCRL expression. We investigated the consequences of this loss on neuronal phenotypes reported in various models of intellectual disability. We also explored primary cilia formation during in vitro differentiation. We then analyzed the role of OCRL1 in mouse cortical brain formation using in utero electroporation of shRNA in the brain of mouse embryos.We identified different phenotypes disrupted by the loss of OCRL expression in Lowe's syndrome. Neurons inhibited for OCRL are on average smaller with fewer branches and a less complex arborization. This lack of dendritogenesis suggests that OCRL plays a role in dendritogenesis. By studying precisely the dendrites, we observe a dysregulation of the formation of dendritic spines associated with a defect of synaptogenesis.When OCRL is inhibited, there is a defect in ciliogenesis. This primary cilia defect is also reflected in vivo by a delay in the cortical migration of neurons inhibited for OCRL. Thus OCRL also has a role in neurons ciliogenesis.These abnormalities thus constitute cellular and molecular bases of the pathophysiology of the neurological signs of the disease.OCRL mutations were observed not only in patients with classic Lowe's syndrome, but also in patients with more moderate disease (almost no neurological and ocular signs), classified as Dent-2. Other patients present an intermediate symptomatology between the two pathologies showing the existence of a clinical continuum between Dent-2 disease and Lowe's syndrome. This situation suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to compensate for the loss of enzymatic function. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms leading to restricted clinical manifestations are still poorly understood.The second part of my thesis explores the compensation mechanisms existing between Lowe and Dent-2 patients.Studies in the laboratory have shown that fibroblasts from Lowe and Dent-2 patients have different phenotypes and identified a gene, PLCβ1, as being differently expressed in Lowe and Dent patients. PLCβ1 being involved in the same metabolic pathways as OCRL. We therefore investigated phenotypes of Lowe patient’s fibroblasts that were less severe in Dent-2 patient’s fibroblasts. Inhibition of PLCβ1 in Lowe patient’s fibroblasts allowed us to observe that the fibroblasts have a "Dent-2 type phenotype". Reciprocally, when overexpressing PLCβ1 in Dent-2 fibroblasts, we found that the fibroblasts exhibit a "Lowe-like phenotype".This work suggests that PLCβ1 is a modifier gene of Lowe's syndrome, and that it has a role in the heterogeneity of the neurological signs associated with OCRL mutations. My project was to evaluate PLCβ1 as a modifier gene of Lowe's syndrome. We tested this hypothesis, by modulating PLCβ1 in neurons downregulated for OCRL. Neurons both inhibited for OCRL and PLCβ1, have phenotypes almost similar to controls for all the parameters we studied previously. The modulated neurons for both OCRL and PLCβ1 are on average larger with more branches and a more complex arborization than the neurons KO for OCRL. We observe a restoration of the density of the dendritic spines and synapses, a denser actin network and an improvement of the ciliogenesis defect.All these results confirm the hypothesis of the involvement of PLCβ1 in the phenotypic variability of neurological signs between Lowe syndrome and Dent-2 disease, and that PLCβ1 is a modifier gene of Lowe's syndrome
Terenina-Rigaldie, Elena. "Mise en évidence et analyse de régions chromosomiques influençant la consommation d'alcool et la réactivité émotionnelle chez le rat : étude comportementale et moléculaire." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21043.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is the delaited study of the relationships between alcohol consumption and emotional reactivity in the rat and the search for the molecular genetic mechanisms influencing these phenotypes. The High-Ethanol Preferring line of rats (HEP) is characterized by high voluntary consumption of alcohol. A QTL search identified a locus on chromosome 4 linked to the consumption of a 5% alcohol solution offered as a free choice with water (names Coet5). In the same region, was found a QTL related to the reinforcement properties of saccharin and emotional reactivity. In order to confirm and analyse the influence of this QTL, two groups of animals contrasted for their genotypes at Coet5 were selected on the basis of genetic markers. To study more precisely the location of Coet5, we developed a congenic line. These results confirm the influence of this locus on alcohol intake and emotional reactivity traits, and suggest a pleiotropic effect of the gene(s) involved
Michoud, Edouard. "Analyse d'images dynamiques en biologie et médecine : applications à la microcirculation clinique et expérimentale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE19002.
Повний текст джерелаDoray, Bérénice. "Epidémiologie, clinique, génétique et prévention des malformations congénitales : registre des malformations congénitales d’Alsace 1995-2009." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ083/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Registry of congenital malformations of Alsace is one of the five registries of congenital malformations of metropolitan France. As a member of EUROCAT network, it provides a continuous registration for congenital malformations and chromosome abnormatities among the 23,000 annual births recorded in the two departments of Alsace (corresponding to approximately 3% of all births in France).This system is a crucial tool for clinical, epidemiological and public health studies.Our study concerns the 15-year period 1995-2009 period, marked by a major development of fetal medicine and prenatal diagnosis. The total prevalence of congenital malformations is 3.6%. The 6,845 registered cases are divided into 80.3% of livebirths, 18.7% terminations of pregnancy and 1% of stillbirths. The study emphasizes an increasing rate of prenatal diagnosis from 26.1% in 1995 to 46.5% in 2009. The study about orofacial clefts demonstrates these advances in prenatal diagnosis with increasing detection rates from 43% (1995-1999) to 53% (2000-2004) and 66% (2005-2009).This period is also marked by an important evolution in the field of medical practices, including the setting-up of multidisciplinar centres of prenatal diagnosis which contribute to an easier diffusion of knowledge between professionals