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Статті в журналах з теми "Analogue Gauges"
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Kuzmych, L. V., D. P. Ornatskyi, and V. P. Kvasnikov. "Simulation of the analogue interface for remote measurements." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2019-2-39-47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work is aimed at finding possibilities for increasing the accuracy of measurements and interfering analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges by introducing a new structural scheme, which is shown on the Fig. 1. It shows us the Schematic of the electrical functional analog interface for remote measurement using multiplexer and resistive strain gauges, which contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others – exemplary resistors.By introducing a new structural scheme, it will be possible to increase the accuracy of measurements and impedance of analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges. In this case, unlike the classical method of model measures, this method is distinguished by the «indistinguishability» of the measuring line, which makes it possible to compensate for a greater number of influential factors, in particular, the correlated noise of operational amplifiers and noise caused by the presence of the overall ground loop, the resistance of analogue switches and lines of communication.At the Fig. 2 we can see the electric model of the measuring channel in the software Elektronic Workbench.From the analysis of the simulation results it was found that the random additive component of the error would dominate. Since in the simulation of the only random component of the error there is a quantization error, the use of the differential method of measuring the output voltage will significantly improve the metrological characteristics.
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Ornatskyi, D., L. Kuzmych, and V. Kvasnikov. "The Analogue Interface for Remote Measurements Using Multiplexer and Resistive Strain Gauges." Metrology and instruments, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.9-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An analogue interface circuit that contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling is developed. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others — exemplary resistors. This work is aimed at finding possibilities for increasing the accuracy of measurements and interfering analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges by introducing a new structural scheme, which is shown on the Fig.2.
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Fosalau, Cristian, Cristian Zet, and Daniel Petrisor. "Multiaxis inclinometer for in depth measurement of landslide movements." Sensor Review 35, no. 3 (June 15, 2015): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2014-0718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The paper aims to present a device devoted to detect and measure earth displacements produced by landslides. This device is an inclinometer type geotechnical instrument. It is widely known that landslides are categorized among the most destructive disasters that yearly produce huge damages and even human lives losses. Design/methodology/approach – The principle of operation is based on measuring the deformation produced during soil layers sliding to a rod vertically mounted into the ground. The rod deformation is detected by highly sensitive strain gauges developed by authors using the stress impedance effect occurring in non-magnetostrictive magnetic amorphous microwires. The gauges are mounted in bridge configurations along the rod, beside the corresponding analogue and digital signal processing circuitry. Findings – The landslide transducer is able to calculate the displacement of the soil layers at different levels of depth and the direction of the landslide. It has been tested in laboratory in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. A resolution of less than 1 mm has been achieved for displacement detection, whereas orientation may be calculated with about a maximum accuracy of less than 20 degrees. Research limitations/implications – Problems occurred in the manufacturing process of the gauges because of the quite large dispersion of the microwire parameters, as well as with gluing the gauges on the rod, that is compulsory to be well done, otherwise the gauges relaxation occurs with consequence in time stability decay. Originality/value – With respect to other commercial devices, our inclinometer is characterized by high sensitivity and also by possibility of 3D measuring, it being able to gauge in depth the amplitude and orientation of the landslide.
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Świłło, Sławomir, and Robert Cacko. "A New Approach for Evaluation True Stress–Strain Curve from Tensile Specimens for DC04 Steel with Vision Measurement in the Post-Necking Phases." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents an experimental evaluation of deformation of flat samples during uniaxial tensile testing, including uniform deformation and post-necking phases. The authors recommend a specially designed vision extensometer and simplified image processing method for analytical correction of triaxial test results for extended stress–strain curve estimation. A modified correction model is proposed, based on the application of Gaussian functions, to determine the neck geometry of the tested sample. The vision extensometer can monitor a specimen’s elongation using two fibre-optic gauges inserted into the material. Measurements taken from the vision extensometer are compared with readings from analogue gauges within the range of uniform deformation. The analytical correction model’s ability to correctly assess the extended true stress–strain curve in the post-necking phase was investigated. Image processing forms the basis of an efficient method for identifying the contour of the specimen’s neck. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to verify the proposed solutions and assess the results obtained for the uniform and post-neck deformation phases. The change in thickness of the sample was experimentally measured throughout the tensile test with a digital gauge sensor and compared with the results of the digital image correlation.
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Ornatskyi, D., L. Kuzmych, and V. Kvasnikov. "Simulation of the Analogue Interface for Remote Measurements Using Multiplexer and Resistive Strain Gauges." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2019.31-36.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The simulation of the analog interface circuit based on the measuring amplifier with differential inputs and the ultrasonic scheme and algorithm of non — destructive additive — multiplicative correction have been made. Such schematic of the analog interface reduces the influence of input correlated noise of operational amplifiers and network drives on the «general» resistance.
The Fig. 1 shows us the Schematic of the electrical functional analog interface for remote measurement using multiplexer and resistive strain gauges, which contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others — exemplary resistors.
At the Fig. 2 we can see the electric model of the measuring channel in the software Elektronic Workbench.
From the analysis of the simulation results it was found that the random additive component of the error would dominate. Since in the simulation of the only random component of the error there is a quantization error, the use of the differential method of measuring the output voltage will significantly improve the metrological characteristics.
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Almeida, Rafael Bartimann de, and Adelsom Soares Filho. "Vegetation and soil natural defense: an experiment with students of basic education." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 23, 2020): e429996915. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes actions performed in the Development Plan of the municipal school Domingos Gonçalves Gomes, in the city of Campo Grande-MS. The aim was to analyze the importance of vegetation on rainfall interception from a sample of Inga Fagifolia (a tree popularly known as ingazeiro), searching an approximation between scientific research and students of basic education. For this, a rainfall monitoring was performed by means of digital rain gauge and handmade analogue rain gauges – made by the students themselves. Monitoring the rates of rainfall interception by vegetation allowed new discussions in the classroom based on the fundamental concepts of Geography, especially Landscape. This research took place during the autumn of 2017 and was elaborated by the students of the 9th grade of Elementary School. The findings pointed out to the effectiveness of the use of handmade rain gauges, manufactured with PET bottles (two liters), during the rainfall monitoring and indicated that the Ingazeiro specimen can retain up to 86.67% of rainfall. The students realized the importance of vegetation for the soil protection and the importance of scientific research for generation data that will help with planning and environmental management. Finally, we expect that this project will be maintained, motivating more students to study through practical environmental education activities.
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Rosca, Adrian Sorin, Nicolae Craciunoiu, Ionut Daniel Geonea, and Leonard Ciurezu Gherghe. "Experimental measurement of the cutting forces and wear of the drill in processing X17CrNi16-2 martensitic stainless steel." Mechanical Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-269-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. For the optimum setup of an industrial manufacturing process, it can be important to know the drilling forces and moments. In many cases, theoretical estimates are not accurate enough, especially when dealing with new materials, and experimental measurements are mandatory. This paper presents the design of a dynamometer comprising a one-spoked wheel elastic component to measure the drilling thrust force and the drilling moment. A finite element analysis was made, using Ansys software, to find the most favorable position for the strain gauges. One set of strain gauges was bonded to spokes to determine the torque, and a second set was bonded to the other two spokes to quantify the axial thrust force. After dynamometer manufacturing, a calibration operation is achieved, and tests are performed by measuring the drilling forces, thrust, and torque on American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 1020 steel. The analogue signals from the gauges were recorded using a computer with a data acquisition device. Tool wear is studied, and the results are presented in the paper. A good agreement between results from the literature and computations demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of this measuring instrument.
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SURESH, R., P. K. RAVICHANDRAN, J. P. GUPTA, S. B. THAMPI, S. KALYANASUNDARAM, and P. RAJESH RAO. "On optimum rain rate estimation from a pulsed Doppler Weather Radar at Chennai." MAUSAM 56, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i2.950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A 10 cm S-band Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) has been installed as a replacement of an outlived analogue S-band radar at Cyclone Detection Radar (CDR) station, Chennai during September-October, 2001. Technical specifications and capabilities of this DWR have been briefly mentioned in this paper. The digital data obtained from this DWR have been used for the period November-December, 2001 to estimate the rain rate based on the Marshall-Palmer relationship between the radar reflectivity factor (z) and the rain rate (R). The relation z = 267R1.345 estimates well the rain rate as measured by the self recording rain gauges located within 100 km radius from the DWR. This relationship has been tested for its operational applicability during March 2002 - December, 2003 and found that the accumulated precipitation from the radar estimation was within an error of 15% from the rain gauge measured values. Information on the twenty four hours accumulated areal distribution of precipitation can be used by the water managers and operational hydrologists for the effective water management over the catchments since the error in rain rate estimation over a wider area is relatively small in comparison to point rainfall estimation.
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MacDonald, David B. "Do We Need Kiwi Lessons in Biculturalism? Considering the Usefulness of Aotearoa/New Zealand's Pākehā Identity in Re-Articulating Indigenous Settler Relations in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 49, no. 4 (November 4, 2016): 643–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423916000950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractCanada is beginning to slowly embrace an ethic of Indigenous-settler biculturalism. One model of change is afforded by the development of biculturalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand, where recent Indigenous Māori mobilization has created a unique model in the Western settler world. This article explores what Canada might learn from the Kiwi experience, focusing on the key identity marker Pākehā, an internalized and contingent settler identity, using Indigenous vocabulary and reliant on a relationship with Indigenous peoples. This article gauges Pākehā’s utility in promoting biculturalism, noting both its progressive qualities and problems in its deployment, including continued inequality, political alienation, and structural discrimination. While Canada has no Pākehā analogue, terms such as “settler” are being operationalized to develop a larger agenda for reconciliation along the lines recommended by the Truth and Reconcilliation Commission. However, such terms function best when channelled towards achieving positive concrete goals, rather than acting as rhetorical screens for continued inaction.
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Surmaini, Elza, Tri Wahyu Hadi, Kasdi Subagyono, and Nanang Tyasbudi Puspito. "PREDICTION OF DROUGHT IMPACT ON RICE PADDIES IN WEST JAVA USING ANALOGUE DOWNSCALING METHOD." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 1 (September 2, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v16n1.2015.21-30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia consistently experiences dry climatic conditions and droughts during El Niño, with significant consequences for rice production. To mitigate the impacts of such droughts, robust, simple and timely rainfall forecast is critically important for predicting drought prior to planting time over rice growing areas in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to predict drought in rice growing areas using ensemble seasonal prediction. The skill of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) seasonal prediction model Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) for predicting rice drought in West Java was investigated in a series of hindcast experiments in 1989-2010. The Constructed Analogue (CA) method was employed to produce downscaled local rainfall prediction with stream function (y) and velocity potential (c) at 850 hPa as predictors and observed rainfall as predictant. We used forty two rain gauges in northern part of West Java in Indramayu, Cirebon, Sumedang and Majalengka Districts. To be able to quantify the uncertainties, a multi-window scheme for predictors was applied to obtain ensemble rainfall prediction. Drought events in dry season planting were predicted by rainfall thresholds. The skill of downscaled rainfall prediction was assessed using Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) method. Results of the study showed that the skills of the probabilistic seasonal prediction for early detection of rice area drought were found to range from 62% to 82% with an improved lead time of 2-4 months. The lead time of 2-4 months provided sufficient time for practical policy makers, extension workers and farmers to cope with drought by preparing suitable farming practices and equipments.
Дисертації з теми "Analogue Gauges"
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Butera, Salvatore. "Synthetic gauge potentials and analogue gravity in Bose-Einstein condensates." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis multi-component, spinorial cold atomic gases are studied. We investigate first the new perspectives introduced by nonlinear, that is density dependent, synthetic gauge fields in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Such fields stem from a collisionally induced detuning in combination with synthetic magnetism arising from the light-atom coupling. The effective mean field dynamics of the condensate shows the appearance of an exotic nonlinearity which is proportional to the current in the system. It introduces a chirality, whose effects on the stability and dynamical properties of the rotating state of a condensate is investigated. We show that by properly shaping the profile and the magnitude of the light-matter interaction parameters, it may happen that the rotating state is energetically favorable compared to the corresponding non-rotating one. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of the nonlinear field on the dynamics of a vortex in a condensate. We obtain the equation of motion for the vortex core, showing the appearance of an extra force which is explicitly depending on the number of particles that are in the system. Furthermore, we consider the implications of the same type of density-dependent fields in the context of analogue gravity. We show that they provide an extra degreeof- freedom that can be exploited in order to design effective non-trivial spacetimes experienced by phonons. In the framework of analogue models of gravity, we finally discuss the perspectives of two-dimensional systems, and address the problem of the black hole lasing effect in the spin modes of the system. By developing a Gross-Pitaevskii theory for the problem, we prove the onset of the lasing instability, and the phenomenon of mode conversion at the horizons. To this aim we consider both homogeneous and harmonically trapped condensates.
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Thacker, Allen J. "The impact of the transition from analog to digital process display gauges on human error and safety in the chemical industry." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79).
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Khan, Mumtaz Ahmad, and Bhagwat Swaroop Sharma. "A study of three variable analogues of certain fractional integral operators." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/95821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with a three variable analogues of certain fractional integral operators introduced by M. Saigo. Resides giving three variable analogues of earlier known fractional integral operators of one variable as a special cases of newly defined operators, the paper establishes certain results in the form of theorems including integration by parts.
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Dashtestani, Raheleh, and Aziz Bozkurt. "Ultraljudsanemometer och energieffektivisering av inbyggda system." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report describes an ultrasound anemometer and its evaluation. This anemometer is a possible alternative for the automated weather stations which will be built in Africa as a part of WIMEA-ICT project. The project is done in cooperation with Norad and different universities in Africa and Norway. The report covers the assembly of the ultrasound anemometer and evaluation of both software and hardware in this embedded system. Two different type of the anemometer are assembled. The hardware and the software of the anemometers and the whole systems as embedded systems are tested. In addition, the whole system is analyzed and suggestions to increase the energy efficiency of the systems are given.Den här rapporten beskriver en ultraljudsanemometer och en utvärdering av den. Denna anemometer är ett tänkbar alternativ för automatiserade väderstationer som ska upprättas i Afrika som en del av WIMEA-ICT projektet. Projektet sker i samarbete med Norad och olika universitet i Afrika och i Norden. Rapporten avhandlar hopsättningen av ultraljudsanemometern och utvärderingen av både hårdvara och mjukvara i detta inbyggda system. Två olika prototyper av anemometern monterades. Dessa testades ur aspekter som hårdvara, mjukvara samt i helhet som ett inbyggt system. Vidare gjordes en analys av hela systemet och förslag till energieffektivisering för systemet gavs.
Книги з теми "Analogue Gauges"
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Kachelriess, Michael. Gauge theories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802877.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After reviewing electrodynamics as the special case of an abelian gauge theory, this local symmetry is generalised to non-abelian gauge theories. The curvature of space-time is introduced as analogue of the non-abelian field-strength. Non-abelian gauge theories are quantised using the Fadeev–Popov method and the resulting Feynman rules are derived.
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Boniface, Jacqueline. A process of generalization. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines Ernst Kummer’s creation of ideal factors, which provides an interesting example of generalization within the set of complex numbers. Kummer developed a theory of ideal numbers in order to generalize arithmetical properties of natural numbers by extending these properties to certain complex numbers. His goal was to make complex numbers analogous to natural ones. This article first considers Kummer’s use of several analogies, primarily with arithmetic and chemistry, to come up with ideal factors of complex numbers. It then situates Kummer’s investigations on complex numbers with respect to Carl Friedrich Gauss’s work and compares his theory of ideal factors with Richard Dedekind’s ideals theory. It shows that Kummer’s method of generalization is premised on the distinction he articulated between ‘permanent’ and ‘accidental’ properties of complex numbers. This distinction draws from Kummer’s conception of mathematics, which was essentially different from those espoused by Gauss and Dedekind.
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Kachelriess, Michael. Quantum Fields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802877.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book introduces quantum field theory, together with its most important applications to cosmology and astroparticle physics, in a coherent framework. The path-integral approach is employed right from the start, and the use of Green functions and generating functionals is illustrated first in quantum mechanics and then in scalar field theory. Massless spin one and two fields are discussed on an equal footing, and gravity is presented as a gauge theory in close analogy with the Yang–Mills case. Concepts relevant to modern research such as helicity methods, effective theories, decoupling, or the stability of the electroweak vacuum are introduced. Various applications such as topological defects, dark matter, baryogenesis, processes in external gravitational fields, inflation and black holes help students to bridge the gap between undergraduate courses and the research literature.
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Mashhoon, Bahram. Field Equation of Nonlocal Gravity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In extended general relativity (GR), Einstein’s field equation of GR can be expressed in terms of torsion and this leads to the teleparallel equivalent of GR, namely, GR||, which turns out to be the gauge theory of the Abelian group of spacetime translations. The structure of this theory resembles Maxwell’s electrodynamics. We use this analogy and the world function to develop a nonlocal GR|| via the introduction of a causal scalar constitutive kernel. It is possible to express the nonlocal gravitational field equation as modified Einstein’s equation. In this nonlocal gravity (NLG) theory, the gravitational field is local, but satisfies a partial integro-differential field equation. The field equation of NLG can be expressed as Einstein’s field equation with an extra source that has the interpretation of the effective dark matter. It is possible that the kernel of NLG, which is largely undetermined, could be derived from a more general future theory.
Частини книг з теми "Analogue Gauges"
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Pandit, Sangeeta, and Neel P. Padia. "Ergonomic Design Analysis of Analogue Micrometer Screw Gauge." In Sustainable Material, Design, and Process, 205–29. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003242291-10.
Повний текст джерела
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Kopeć, Grzegorz, and Paweł Nowak. "Vision System for Acquiring Results from Analog Gauges." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 332–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29993-4_41.
Повний текст джерела
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Hetzroni, Guy, and Noah Stemeroff. "Mathematical Analogies in Physics: The Curious Case of Gauge Symmetries." In Mathematical Knowledge, Objects and Applications, 229–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21655-8_11.
Повний текст джерела
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Zheng, Feidong, Xueyi Li, Fan Zhang, and Ping Mu. "Evolution of Undular Surges in a Navigation Channel." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 394–405. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAn undular surge is a secondary wave characterized by free-surface undulations over the body of a positive wave. The formation of undular surges is strongly linked to the departure of pressure distribution from hydrostatic due to the combined effects of wave nonlinearity and dispersion. In navigation channels, undular surges may be generated by the filling or emptying operation of lock chambers. The propagation of undular surges is associated with the periodic flow variations, and therewith they can cause impulse motion responses of navigation ships and even navigation accidents in some instances. In the present study, the free-surface and hydrodynamic properties of undular surges induced by the emptying operation of lock chambers were experimentally investigated. Detailed free-surface and velocity measurements were performed with a series of capacitance wave gauges and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter in a horizontal rectangular water wave channel. Both nonbreaking and breaking surges were recognized and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the wave face of a nonbreaking undular surge could be accurately described by solitary wave theory. However, the velocity distributions beneath the surge deviated significantly from the solitary wave solution. Based on the experimental results, a formula relating the longitudinal velocity component to free-surface elevation was established. Overall, this study provided new insights into the analogy of an undular surge and a solitary wave.
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"Comparative gauges for copper winding wires." In Analog Electronics, 284–85. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075064416-7/50017-8.
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"Comparative gauges for copper winding wires." In Analog Electronics, 326–27. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-434-90723-6.50023-7.
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Cheng, Ta-Pei, and Ling-Fong Li. "Quantum gauge theories." In Gauge theory of elementary particle physics, 175–87. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198506218.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This means that the zero norm states in ℋ2 will not contribute to physical matrix elements and all important physics are contained in the space ℋ3. The presence of ℋ1 and ℋ2 is to maintain the Lorentz and gauge invariance. This is exactly analogous to the Gupta-Bleuer quantization formalism of QED.
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Madikiza, Lucky. "Broadcast Digital Migration Policy in South Africa." In Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy, 33–48. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-847-0.ch003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All countries in the world, are compelled to migrate their analogue terrestrial television systems to digital by the year 2015 as stipulated by the International Telecommunications Union. The old analogue transmission signals will be eventually switched off and so countries need to upgrade their television systems so that they can receive digital signals. This has necessitated government intervention in the form of policies or strategies to manage this transition process from analogue to digital. This chapter looks at the transition from analogue to digital terrestrial television migration in South Africa. It considers South Africa’s Digital Migration Policy as a framework meant to advance the introduction of digital terrestrial television. Since the process is still in motion and we are looking at a start of a transition period towards the eventual cut-off date of analogue signals in 2015, there are therefore no definite conclusions about whether the South African case can be considered entirely successful. The effort of this chapter is merely to gauge the policy effort and rollout activities made thus far towards digital migration, highlighting potential drawbacks.
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Polyakov, A. M. "Quark Confinement, Superfluidity, Elasticity. Criteria and Analogies." In Gauge Fields and Strings, 73–84. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203755082-5.
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"Lab 5: Strain-Gauge Pressure Sensor." In Applied Analog Electronics, 291–99. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811254420_0021.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Analogue Gauges"
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Lauridsen, Jakob, Julius Grassmé, Malte Pedersen, David Jensen, Søren Andersen, and Thomas Moeslund. "Reading Circular Analogue Gauges using Digital Image Processing." In 14th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007386000002108.
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Lauridsen, Jakob, Julius Grassmé, Malte Pedersen, David Jensen, Søren Andersen, and Thomas Moeslund. "Reading Circular Analogue Gauges using Digital Image Processing." In 14th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007386003730382.
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Blaswich, Michael, and Derek J. Taylor. "Effects of Variable Inlet Guide Vane Settings on Axial Compressor Blade Vibration in an Industrial Gas Turbine." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes an experiment on a GHH BORSIG Type THM 1304-10 Gas Turbine engine to test the effects of variable vane setting on the vibration behaviour of the blades in all 10 stages of the axial compressor. The rotor was fitted with a network of strain-gauges. An analogue telemetry system was arranged using standard hardware and special application software to display in real-time and to log the full range of frequencies and amplitudes for all instrumented blades. The data acquisition system is described together with a presentation of the live display which allowed engineers to interact with measured results to maximise the benefits of the test whilst all strain-gauges were still functional. Tests were arranged to maximise the vibration data collected at all points before gauge mortality was experienced. Prior to the test, blades were vibrated statically to determine shapes of the first four vibration modes. The paper discusses the fixing techniques for the gauges, the modal shape measurement technique and the calibration of the strain-gauges. The telemetry system architecture and multiplexing arrangement are described together with examples of typical test data and the conclusions concerning the effects on blade vibration of different variable inlet guide vanes (IGV) settings.
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Elenes, Egleide Y., Esra Roan, Ruxandra C. Marinescu, and Haden A. Janda. "Development and Validation of a 2D/3D Finite Element Model of a Composite Hemipelvis." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of mechanical analogue composite bone models for a range of biomechanical analyses and testing procedures has grown rapidly since their introduction by Sawbones (Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc., Vashon, WA). The advantages of these composite bones over cadaveric human bones include less variability among specimens, ready availability, lower costs and ease of handling. The fourth generation of Sawbones is now commercially available, which include human femurs, tibiae, humeri and hemipelves. A number of these composite bone models have been mechanically evaluated, i.e. the femur and tibia models, but others such as the hemipelvis have been neglected. However, the composite hemipelvis has been used in several biomechanical research studies; therefore, mechanical validation of the hemipelvis is required. For this study, a robust finite element (FE) model was constructed to investigate the mechanical behavior of a composite left hemipelvis bone model. A computer tomography (CT) scan of the analogue was obtained to produce a computer aided volumetric model. This model was imported and discretized in ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, RI). In order to reduce computational costs, two-dimensional (2D) shell elements were used to mesh the thin cortical bone layer, while the cancellous bone region was meshed with solid, three-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral elements. A series of FE tests were performed on various shell-solid element domains, to ensure the use of 2D shell elements to model the cortical layer. Once the shell-solid approach was confirmed, a FE model of the hemipelvis was constructed and validated against strain gauge data from quasi-static loading experiments. Three rosette strain gauges (Vishay Micro-Measurements, Raleigh, NC) were mounted on regions of interest along the pubic body, inferior ramus and ischium of the composite hemipelvis. The hemipelvis was fully restrained in a custom-built fixture while quasi-statically loaded using an MTS Mini Bionix II to control the application of 600 N (MTS Systems Corp, Eden Prairie, MN). Maximum and minimum principal strains were calculated from the strain gauge readings and compared to FE predictions of strain at the mounting location of the strain gauges.
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Harvey, N. W., and T. V. Jones. "Measurement and Calculation of End Wall Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics on a Nozzle Guide Vane in Annular Cascade." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detailed measurements of surface static pressures and heat transfer rates on the aerofoil and hub end wall of an annular nozzle guide vane (in the absence of a downstream rotor) are presented. Heat transfer rates have been measured using thin film gauges in an annular cascade in the Pyestock Isentropic Light Piston Cascade. Test Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and cascade geometry are fully representative of engine conditions. The results of 3-D calculations of surface Mach number and 2-D calculations of aerofoil heat transfer are presented and compared with the measurements. A new method of calculating end wall heat transfer using the axisymmetric analogue for three-dimensional boundary layers is described in detail. The method uses a 3-D Euler solver to calculate the inviscid surface streamlines along which heat transfer coefficients are calculated. The metric coefficient which describes the lateral convergence or divergence of the streamlines is used to include three-dimensional effects in the calculation. The calculated heat transfer rates compare well with the measured values. Reference is made to surface flow visualization in the interpretation of the results.
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Althobaiti, Abdulrahman, Fadl Abdellatif, Ali Alrasheed, Hassane Trigui, Ahmed Alsaadi, and Sahejad Patel. "AR Gauge Scanner Mobile Application." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207441-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper showcases an innovative mobile application powered by IR4.0 technologies including augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI). The purpose of this application is to enable digital transformation of analog gauges, digitize their measurements, automate historical data storage, visualize trends, and provide useful information about the gauge to the operator. Utilizing this application will replace the current practice of manual recording of readings in order to reduce human errors as well as promote operational efficiency. With this application, the operator simply points the mobile device's camera towards the gauge and the image is converted to a digital measurement using computer vision algorithms. The digitized readings are sent to a remote database for recordkeeping and data analytics. In order to identify which gauge is being scanned, which is necessary for proper recordkeeping, the application detects a unique QR-code tag attached to the gauge. Additionally, the application utilizes AR technology to overlay gauge specific information (such as gauge type, safe operating range, fluid type, etc.) along with the digitized reading. Visualization of historical readings is another feature in the application that assists the operator in trend monitoring and decision making. Preliminary tests for the prototype application were carried out in a laboratory environment to demonstrate the working principle of this application. Although the technology is in its early stages of development, it shows promising results in terms of accuracy and speed of the computer vision algorithms to detect and digitize the analog gauges. The historical data recorded by the application can also be accessed via the control room using a web interface, where information from various gauges can be retrieved and visualized for analysis and monitoring. Overall, the presented application integrates computer vision and augmented reality to provide an effective solution for digitizing analog gauges while promoting digital transformation efforts within the industry.
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Minggu, Nur'ain, Latief Riyanto, Chang Siong Ting, Dahlila Kamat, Dylan Zhe Ho, Siti Nurdyana Zamdy, Ammar Kamarulzaman, Sanggeetha Kalidas, Chee Seong Tan, and Gordon Goh. "Fiber Optic DTS and DAS as an Alternative Interpreted Intelligent Completions Extended Abstract." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21824-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study aims to validate and track valve positions for all the zones applying recorded Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data interpretation in order to propose the best combination of downhole inflow control valve (ICV) openings, This is required to optimize Well X-2 multizone commingled production. Fiber DTS and DAS monitoring were relied on as an innovation against downhole conditions that has compromised the three out of four downhole dual-gauges and valve position sensors. For zonal water control purpose, ICV cycling and positioning have been attempted in 2019. The valve position tracking derived from the compromised downhole dual gauges and valve position sensors does not tally with the surface flow indication overall. Consequently, the original measurement intention of the permanently installed distributed fiber-optic which served as back-up zonal-rate calculation profiling and as potential sub-layer flow-contribution indicators is brought in as contingency zonal valve-opening tracking and guides that proved valuable for subsequent production optimization. First part of study involves interpretation of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data. Downloaded DTS data is depth matched and validated against known operating conditions like time of each cycling stage and surface well test parameters (i.e. Liquid Rate, Watercut, Tubing Head Pressure (THP), Total Gas, Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)), etc. To establish a baseline, several DTS traces of historical operating condition during a known stable period were selected, i.e. stable flowing condition at only Zone 4 stable shut-in condition at surface with only ICV Zone 4 is opened Downhole valve-position tracking can be interpreted alternatively from induced fiber temperature activities across the valve depth with a good temperature baseline benchmarking from DTS temperature profiling. Second part of study involves interpretation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data. The data was acquired under single flowing condition one month post-ICV cycling. Without any changes made on the well operating conditions, the well is flowing under same condition post ICV cycling. Inflow point detection using joint interpretation of DAS and DTS, where simultaneously DAS spectral content (depth-frequency) was analysed alongside DTS traces to further discriminate between inflow and other noise sources. Through i) acoustic amplitude analysis, ii) DTS inversion, iii) noise speed and flow speed computation, composite production allocation can be derived for Well X-2. Using the alternative co-interpretations based on fiber temperature and acoustic measurement, it is found and validated that Zone 1 ICV is Closed, Zone 2, 3 and 4 are in opened position and continuously producing at any cycles. This is in conflict of zonal production control understanding initially based on the compromised downhole sensors indicating that all the zonal valves are supposedly in fully closed position. In this case-study, DTS and DAS data has been proven useful and as an innovative, alternative monitoring to determine downhole valve opening with analogue to flow contribution derivation methodology. Therefore, anytime in the future where Well X-2 valves cycling is planned to be carried out, there is now a corresponding operating procedure that is incorporated onsite real-time fiber optic DTS and/or DAS data monitoring to validate tracked valves positioning.
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Samanoodi, R., A. Alrasheed, A. Felemban, A. Althobaiti, Y. Alnumay, H. Trigui, A. Algethmi, A. Alsomali, and S. Patel. "AI-Powered Mobility Application for Field Inspection Rounds." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216996-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive system to improve and enhance the field operator rounds through digitalization of routine inspection and operation tasks which are typically performed manually in most facilities. The paper will outline a combination of various systems that were developed and integrated to digitize critical gauges, level indicators and other relevant instrument data recorded for process monitoring and detecting any abnormalities. Additionally, the gauge digitization process was enabled through the use of computer vision and artificial intelligence. A robust architecture was developed that features an AI-based mobile application running on a tablet, a backend remote server that publishes on a frontend dashboard. The AI based application utilizes a tablet’s camera to digitize analog gauges and record other critical instruments. Starting by the commonly used circular analog gauges, the mobile application uses advanced computer vision techniques to predict the readings in real-time. The server was developed with a database to store the digitized data collected through the application. The dashboard was developed to analyze and visualize the data through interactive charts for monitoring, analytics, and forecasting. The developed systems were deployed in an oil and gas facility such that the current manual process was replaced by the proposed technologies presented in the paper. The system has now been deployed for 5 months and is being used on a daily basis by the facility operators. A total of approximately 25,000 records have been collected and stored in the developed backend server. Through this system the operators were enabled to take measurements and readings in challenging scenarios such as acute viewing angles, hard to reach areas, distant measurements, various lighting conditions without sacrificing data collection integrity. The AI prediction algorithm managed to predict readings of industrial analog gauges achieving accuracies greater than 90%. The collected data by the operators was visualized effectively on the dashboard providing management and engineers a mechanism to extract and verify field process measurements as needed. Finally, the implementation of the system has replaced the manual paper-based recording process fostering sustainable technological solutions. Due to the constraints of accessing cloud services in oil and gas facilities, the AI algorithm was optimized to run on an edge device such as tablet with limited computational capabilities. Moreover, the AI algorithm introduces a reliable and systematic way of data collection that eliminates randomness and normalizes human bias. Additionally, Analog gauges digitization process enables automatic cross-validation with other digital transmitter twins which can be used to detect instruments malfunctioning and process upset.
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Howells, Ben, James Charles, and Roberto Cipolla. "Real-time analogue gauge transcription on mobile phone." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw53098.2021.00269.
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Abu Talib, Abd Rahim, Andrew J. Neely, Peter T. Ireland, and Andrew J. Mullender. "Detailed Investigation of Heat Flux Measurements Made in a Standard Propane-Air Fire-Certification Burner Compared to Levels Derived From a Low-Temperature Analogue Burner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents detailed heat flux measurements to a flat plate from an ISO2685 [1] standard, large propane fuelled burner used throughout the industry in aero-engine fire-certification. The authors have developed a custom-built heat transfer gauge to measure the heat flux from the burner under isothermal wall conditions. The heat flux from the standard burner is normally calibrated using either a watercooled copper tube or a Gardon gauge, each positioned at a single location. There are no reports in the literature of a detailed survey of heat flux distribution for the burner and the results are therefore of great interest to thermal engineers. These measurements provide benchmark data to allow the heat flux distribution from the ISO burner to be compared to levels derived from the low-temperature analogue burner developed by the authors. The analogue burner uses liquid crystals to measure heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic wall temperature on scale models of engine components and provides key data to facilitate the successful design of components used in fire zones. The objective of this paper is to further validate the low-temperature analogue burner technique developed by the authors which simulates the standard large propane-air burner for fire-certification in aero engine.