Дисертації з теми "Anaerobic Digestor"
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Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca. "Sistema condominial de coleta de esgoto e tratamento em decanto-digestor seguido de alagados construídos. Estudo de caso: município de Nova Redenção - BA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-27022009-154750/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was developed in the city of Nova Redenção, located in the region of the Chapada Diamantina in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. In this city there are serious problems of environmental sanitation as well as in other within the country. Lack of financial and human resources is a factor that complicates the resolution of this problem. It is believed that studies and improvements in technologies for simplified collection and treatment of domestic sewage are in line with the peculiarities of these locations and are, today, important topics for research. This proposal was aimed at the design, installation and evaluation of a \'condominial\' sewerage (CS) in the village portion of the township, where live approximately 250 people. The objective of the study was also the design, installation and start of the sewage treatment system - septic tank followed by sub-superficial flow constructed wetlands. The acceptance of the CS by the community and its operation were evaluated. The treatment system was characterized in terms of removal of organic matter (OM), solids (TSS), nutrients (N and P) and Escherichia coli. The hydrodynamics of the system units was studied, using tracer. The water balance of constructed wetlands has been done. The \'condominial\' sewerage demonstrated, as well as in other experiences, good and proper application in communities with similar characteristics to this study. The community did not accept only the small diameter used, due mainly to their fear of clogging. Complaints from neighbors about the tubes passing through backyards were not registered. The treatment system study showed, after eleven weeks of monitoring, 85% of removal of COD and 86% of BOD5, 90% of removal of TSS, the removal of ammonia nitrogen, total and soluble fósfoto were: 25%, 36% and 40% respectively. The removal of E. coli was 2.1 logarithmic units. The sand used, of a very fine particle size, has particularly affected the hydrodynamics of the constructed wetlands, creating a sheet of water on the support material. It reduced the hydraulic detention time of the flooded water, which may be the cause of low efficiency.
Castano, Juan Mauricio. "Anaerobic Digestion of Low Rate Digesters in Temperate Climates." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345220853.
Повний текст джерелаMoraes, Luciana de Mattos. "Avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaerobia de lodos de esgoto provenientes de reatores anaerobios sequenciais." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257154.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O potencial de aplicabilidade do processo anaeróbio pode ser avaliado a partir do conhecimento de poucas características dos resíduos a serem tratados. Uma avaliação preliminar dessas características pode auxiliar na escolha do sistema de tratamento mais adequado, permitindo, dessa forma, estimativas de produção de sólidos biológicos, de requisitos de nutrientes, de produção de metano, etc. A caracterização dos resíduos, por meio de testes de biodegradabilidade, é de fundamental importância, uma vez que os resíduos apresentam grande variabilidade quanto à qualidade, quantidade, Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e presença de compostos orgânicos refratários. Acrescentam-se ainda outras características importantes ao tratamento anaeróbio, notadamente pH, alcalinidade, nutrientes inorgânicos, temperatura e a eventual presença de compostos potencialmente tóxicos. Durante esse trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaeróbia de lodos de esgoto estabilizados por reatores anaeróbios, utilizando testes simplificados de bancada, visando promover um maior conhecimento sobre a cinética de biodegradação dos lodos. De forma a agregar informações complementares sobre os lodos estudados realizou-se também a identificação morfológica dos diferentes grupos de microrganismos responsáveis pelo processo de digestão anaeróbia. A metodologia desenvolvida propõe a determinação da ¿biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ dos lodos de esgoto por meio do monitoramento da produção e da composição do biogás (quanto às concentrações de CH4 e CO2). Os testes foram realizados em frascos de 280mL de volume preenchidos com 50% do seu volume com proporções de lodo e água de forma a garantir uma concentração de Sólidos Voláteis em torno de 10mg.L-1; os outros 50% constituíram o ¿headspace¿ que, após os frascos terem sido vedados, foi preenchido com N2. Os ensaios foram realizados em mesa agitadora (150rpm), sob temperatura controlada (35°C) e tiveram a duração de 15 dias, monitorando-se a cada 2 dias, a pressão interna do frasco e a composição do biogás. A avaliação da ¿biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ das amostras de lodo foi quantificada por meio da determinação da taxa específica máxima de produção de CH4 (KCH4) e da taxa específica máxima de produção de CO2 (KCO2), as quais representam os ¿coeficientes de biodegradabilidade intrínseca¿ e foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de modelos matemáticos ajustados aos perfis de concentração molar de CH4 e CO2 em função do tempo. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de biodegradabilidade refletiram, de maneira geral, o comportamento dos reatores anaeróbios seqüenciais (Sistema B) operados em escala real com TDHs de 30, 20 e 10 dias, indicando que a metodologia desenvolvida permitiu a estimativa de ¿coeficientes de biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ de lodos de esgoto por meio de testes simplificados de bancada com boa reprodutibilidade
Abstract: The potential of applicability of an anaerobic process can be evaluated from the knowledge of some characteristics of the residues to be treated. A preliminary evaluation of these characteristics can assist in the choice of a more suitable treatment system, what allows to estimate the production of biological solids, requirements for nutrients, methane production, etc. The characterization of the residues, through biodegradability tests, is of fundamental importance, once that the residues present a great variability for the quality, amount, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the presence of refractory organics. There are other important characteristics for the anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge, like pH, alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, temperature and the presence or not of very toxic compounds. During this work, a methodology for the evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge, stabilized by anaerobic reactors was developed using simplified bench tests, aiming to know more about the kinetics of biodegradation of sludge. With the intention to add complementary information about the studied sludge, it was also achieved the morphologic identification of the different groups of microorganisms that are responsible for the anaerobic digestion process. The developed methodology considers the determination of the ¿intrinsic anaerobic biodegradability¿ of sewage sludge through the monitoring of the production and of the composition of biogas (concentrations of CH4 and CO2). The tests had been carried out in bottles of 280mL filled with 50% of its volume with sludge and water ratios to guarantee a volatile solids concentration about 10mg.L-1; the other 50% constituted the ¿headspace¿ that, after the bottles had been hinted, were filled with N2. The assays had been carried through in a shaker (150rpm), under controlled temperature (35°C) and had the duration of 15 days, monitoring the pressure inside the flask and the composition of the biogas in every 2 days. The evaluation of the ¿intrinsic anaerobic biodegradability¿ of the sludge was quantified through the determination of the maximum specific tax of production of CH4 (KCH4) and of the maximum specific rate of CO2 production (KCO2), which represent the intrinsic biodegradability coefficients¿ and had been achieved through the application of mathematical models adjusted to the profiles of molar concentration of CH4 and CO2 in function of the time. The results obtained in the biodegradability tests had reflected, in a general way, the behavior of the sequential anaerobic reactors (System B) operated in real scale with HDTs (Hydraulic Detention Time) of 30, 20 and 10 days, indicating that the developed methodology allowed to estimate the ¿intrinsic biodegradability coefficients¿ of sewage sludge through simplified bench tests with good reproducibility
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Kidby, David W. "Biogas hydrogen as an indicator of digester instability in anaerobic sewage sludge digesters." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280473.
Повний текст джерелаVelho, Douglas Ferreira. "Digestão anaeróbia de resíduos de restaurantes: partida do reator e avaliação do biofertilizante." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5823.
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Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
FUNDEPE - Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa
Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro S. A.
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
O crescente aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos, somado às formas inadequadas de tratamento e disposição contribuem de forma direta e significativa com a problemática ambiental. Diante deste cenário, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas que permitam outros benefícios além da disposição final apropriada. A digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa viável e economicamente interessante para tratamento da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Considerando que em nosso país a fração orgânica é predominante nos resíduos sólidos urbanos, correspondendo em média a mais de 40% na composição, ao mesmo tempo que reduz o volume de resíduos enviados para os aterros sanitários, o processo gera produtos como o biogás e biofertilizante para uso agrícola. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a tratabilidade da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos domésticos provenientes do preparo e pós consumo das refeições de um restaurante universitário em um reator operado por batelada e qualificar as características do biofertilizante gerado. Para atingir este objetivo, a pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas, sendo que na etapa inicial foram realizadas quatro bateladas nas quais foram analisadas a proporção adequada de resíduos e inóculo para partida do reator sem que ocorresse acidificação. A segunda etapa consistiu na realização de seis bateladas, nas quais foram monitorados os principais parâmetros de operação e a terceira etapa onde foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos do biofertilizante gerado ao final dos ensaios da segunda etapa. Os resultados da primeira etapa apontaram que a proporção de 6:1 em termos de sólidos totais voláteis, sendo lodo proveniente de um reator UASB e resíduos sólidos putrescíveis respectivamente, apresentaram uma partida adequada do sistema, sem que ocorresse acidificação, com o pH variando entre 6,9 e 7,7. Na segunda fase o monitoramento dos principais parâmetros de operação permitiu que no decorrer dos ensaios a proporção em termos de STV fosse reduzida, chegando a 1:1 de inóculo e substrato respectivamente, na batelada 10, portanto permitindo o tratamento de uma quantidade maior de resíduos em relação aos ensaios iniciais. Os resultados obtidos no monitoramento apontaram que o pH manteve-se dentro da faixa considerada ideal entre 6,0 e 8,0, porém o período de vinte e dois dias adotado como tempo de retenção mostrou-se insuficiente para degradação e consequente remoção da matéria orgânica, sendo que apenas a batelada 10 mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de STV 8,1% e carbono orgânico total 33,5%. A análise física do biofertilizante gerado no final de cada ensaio apontou umidade acima do permitido pela legislação, sendo indicado apenas para uso via aspersão. Quimicamente o biofertilizante apresentou insuficiência de nitrogênio, evidenciada nas elevadas relações C:N iniciais e finais obtidas e carência de macronutrientes como fósforo cujos resultados ficaram abaixo de 1%, mínimo imposto pela legislação e potássio, elemento que não foi detectado na pelo equipamento utilizado. A qualidade sanitária do composto atendeu a legislação quanto a presença de ovos viáveis de helmintos, sendo que todos os ensaios apresentaram resultados inferiores a uma unidade/4g, porém apresentou resultados acima do limite estabelecido para coliformes termotolerantes. O teste de germinação confirmou a ausência da fitotoxidade dos produtos.
The increase in the generation of municipal solid waste, together with the inadequate forms of treatment and disposal contribute directly and significantly to the environmental problems. In this scenario, it is necessary to develop alternatives to other benefits in addition to the appropriate disposal. Anaerobic digestion is a viable alternative and economically interesting for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Whereas in our country the organic fraction is predominant in urban solid waste, corresponding to an average of over 40% in the composition, at the same time reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills, the process generates products such as biogas and biofertilizers for agricultural use. This research aimed to evaluate the treatability of the organic fraction of household waste from the preparation and after consumption of meals from a university restaurant in a reactor operated by batch and qualify the characteristics of the generated biofertilizers. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted in three phases, with the initial phase were held four batches were analyzed in which the proportions of the waste and inoculum for starting the reactor without acidification occurred. The second stage consisted of six batches, which were monitored in the main operating parameters and the third stage where we evaluated the chemical, physical and microbiological biofertilizer generated at the end of the second stage trials. The first step results indicated that the ratio of 6: 1 in terms of total volatile solids, and sludge from a UASB reactor and solid waste putrescible respectively, showed a suitable starting system without occur acidification to pH between 6.9 and 7.7. In the second stage, the monitoring of key operating parameters allowed during the experiment the proportion in terms STV be reduced, reaching 1: 1 inoculum and substrate respectively in the batch 10, thus allowing treatment of a larger quantity of waste compared to the initial test. The results showed that monitoring the pH was maintained within the range considered optimal between 6.0 and 8.0, but the period twenty-two days adopted as the retention time was insufficient to degradation and subsequent removal of matter organic, and only the batch 10 was effective in removing STV 8.1% and 33.5% total organic carbon. Physical analysis of biofertilizers generated at the end of each test pointed humidity above those permitted by law and is intended only for use via spraying. Chemically biofertilizer showed nitrogen deficiency, evidenced in the high ratios C: Initial N and obtained final and lack of nutrients such as phosphorus whose results were below 1% minimum required by the legislation and potassium, an element that was not detected in the equipment used. The sanitary quality of the compound met the legislation for the presence of viable helminth eggs, and all tests showed lower results to a unit / 4G, but showed results above the limit for fecal coliforms. The germination test confirmed the absence of phytotoxicity of products.
Ledesma, Lina Marcela Sánchez. "Produção de estruvita a partir de esgoto doméstico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-14082015-144656/.
Повний текст джерелаThe shortage of the phosphorus sources and high-energy consumption associated to the nitrogen fertilizers production will be problems in the future. The nutrient recovery from wastewater as struvite has been considered as an alternative to alleviate these problems. In Latin America, production of struvite from wastewater is not yet a wellknown technology and therefore the purpose of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena involved. This research work was performed in three phases: 1) production of struvite from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluent; 2) production of struvite from anaerobic digester supernatant of enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (ADS-EBPR) and 3) influence of calcium in the struvite produced in the phase 2. In three phases, the magnesium concentrations were adjusted to obtain the preset phosphorus:magnesium (P:Mg) ratios and the pH was adjusted between 8,00 and 10,50. The results of the first phase showed that it is not possible to produce struvite in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor effluent in the tested conditions. However, removal of nitrogen and phosphorus was observed because amorphous calcium and magnesium phosphates were produced. The results of the second phase showed that it is possible to produce struvite in the ADS-EBPR and the molar consumptions of phosphate (PO43-), ammonia (NH4+) and magnesium (Mg2+) or removals (%) should not be the only parameters to evaluate the struvite formation, because other compounds crystallize or precipitate and reduce the quality of the mineral. In the similar conditions tested in this phase, a P:Mg ratio 1:2 and pH 9,50 assure maximum nutrients recovery as struvite with minimum impurities concentration, facilitating its subsequent use as fertilizer. The results of the third phase showed that amorphous calcium or magnesium phosphates were produced on the struvite surface.
Racz, Tiffany A. "Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater-Grown Algae Biomass With Optimized Biogas Yields and Nutrient Solubilzation." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2245.
Повний текст джерелаTang, Jing. "Comparison of Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digestion Performance in Gas-lift and Bubble Column Digesters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46319.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Ganidi, Nafsika. "Anaerobic digestion foaming causes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3450.
Повний текст джерелаChristodoulides, Jacqueline S. "Mixing in anaerobic digesters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533276.
Повний текст джерелаPeruzzo, Vanessa Verona. "Estudo da acidogênese e metanogênese aplicada no tratamento da vinhaça da cana-de-açúcar." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/2900.
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Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguêz de Mello, CENPES.
The vinasse, wastewater of the process, presents in its composition a COD of 20 to 100 g COD.L-1 and an excellent biogas production potential through anaerobic digestion. To evaluate the biogas production capacity, experiments were carried out under the gradual effect of organic volumetric load (OVL) and A/M ratio, evaluating the methanogenic step. Considering that sulfuric acid is added to the ethanol production process to prevent bacterial contamination, the interference of the addition of different sulfide concentrations in the process at pH 7.0 and 7.5 was evaluated. The fermenter was fed with Na2S.9H2O, varying the concentration of the S2- ion from 0 to 1000 mg.L-1. In order to obtain good efficiency in the production of methane, the acidogenic step was also evaluated. For this, the same concentrations of biomass and substrate were maintained, however, the pH to was adjusted 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5. In the methanogenic stage a satisfactory reduction of the organic load present in the vinasse was achieved, with removal efficiency in the range of 82.0% and 90.3% for mesophilic process. A polynomial fit was performed to evaluate the specific production of methane, ranging from 379 mL CH4.h-1 to 872 mL CH4.h-1 and a methanogenic activity of 0.33 mmol CH4.gSVT-1 h-1 at 0.77 mmol CH4.g SVT-1 h-1. For the sulfetogenic stage, the pH considerably affected the performance of the methanogenic archaea, with a more pronounced inhibition at pH 7.5. The lowest concentration tested, 50 mg S2-.L-1, resulted in an inhibition of 31.85% inhibition pH 7.0 and 67% at pH 7.5. The highest concentration, 1000 mg S2-.L-1, the inhibition was 59.75% and 94.07% respectively. Higher concentrations of propionic and acetic acid were reached at pH 5.0 and 5.5, with 1374.66 and 1477.23 mg C3H6O2.L-1 and 993.05 and 767.80 mg CH3COOH.L-1. Higher rates of VFA production occurred at pH 6.5, yielding 8.82 mmol.d-1 gSVT-1 and 7.99 mmol.d-1 gSVT-1 for acetic acid for propionic acid. Cumulative methane production in the first 60 hours increased 2210 mL, 5300 mL, 7210 mL and 7620 mL CH4, respectively to pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5.
Lehtinen, Silja. "Building a Small Scale Anaerobic Digester in Quelimane." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214458.
Повний текст джерелаBishop, Clark Paul. "The economics of anaerobic digestion." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2007/c_bishop_072307.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAftab, Shahbaz. "Anaerobic digestion of food wastes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283399.
Повний текст джерелаDapelo, Davide. "Gas mixing in anaerobic digestion." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6879/.
Повний текст джерелаClimenhaga, Martha Anne. "Anaerobic digestion of catering wastes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/73611/.
Повний текст джерелаRoberts, Keiron. "Anaerobic digestion of marine microalgae." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/388117/.
Повний текст джерелаGhoor, Tasneem. "Developments in anaerobic digestion modelling." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31718.
Повний текст джерелаArthur-Mensah, Kojo. "Anaerobic digestion of detergent wastewaters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288882.
Повний текст джерелаMontelius, Josefine. "Förbehandling av skogsindustriellt slam för ett ökat metanutbyte vid rötning : En kombination av termisk och kemisk förbehandling." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31178.
Повний текст джерелаIn the pulp and paper process 505 million tons of water are polluted annually, which has to be purified before it is returned to the surrounding lakes. When the water is treated bigger particles are first separated to form sludge, then dewatered and finally incinerated. The excess water is further treated were a type of sludge bio sludge is formed. The bio sludge contains high concentration of intracellular water, why it is expensive and energy demanding to dewater. It is also forbidden to dump organic waste since 2005, why a more economically attractive treatment of the water is anaerobic digestion. In the digestion organic compounds is converted into methane and carbon dioxide where the methane is the desired gas. The bio sludge also contains fiber residues and microorganisms with complex structure and is nutrient-poor, which makes it hard to digest. Some kind of disintegrating pretreatment is needed and co-digestion with a more nutrient-rich sludge to facilitate the digestion process. In this project thermal pretreatment in combination with chemical pretreatment was examined on bio sludge from Stora Enso Skoghalls bruk at Hammarö. The anaerobe digestion was done by two rounds whereof the first round thermal pretreated at 70C and the second at 140C. The chemical pretreatment was done by additive of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid at pH 9 and 11 for the bases and pH 2 and 4 for the acid. Also neutral samples (no chemical pretreatment) and a reference sample (no pretreatment) were done. The bio sludge were co-digested with municipal sludge from Fiskartorpets reningsverk in Kristinehamn which has a mesophilic bacterial culture. The anaerobic digestion lasted for 19 days per round at a temperature of 35C and were done batch wise in E-flasks provided with a small bag for gas collection. Totally 42 samples were made per round which consisted of seven measurement points and six replicates each for a good statistical basis. The results gave an indication of the highest methane production for the samples treated with calcium hydroxide at 140C and the neutral sample treated at 140C. The sample treated with calcium hydroxide at pH 9 and 70C gave the lowest production of methane followed by the reference sample. The samples treated with sodium hydroxide gave a lower methane production at 140C than at 70C while the acid treated samples had almost the same production at the two different temperatures. All the samples had in common a higher proportion of methane in the biogas when treated at 140C than at 70C. The results should be taken with caution since the distribution amongst the samples within the same pretreatment method sometimes is very high.
Torres, i. Castillo Ricard. "Estudi de la digestió anaeròbica en una i dues fases dels residus ramaders: estudi en planta pilot d'un sistema en dues fases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666135.
Повний текст джерелаTanneru, Charan Tej. "Anaerobic and Combined Anaerobic/Aerobic Digestion of Thermally Hydrolyzed Sludge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45880.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Andlay, Gunjan. "Commercialization of Anaerobic Contact Process for Anaerobic Digestion of Algae." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270240284.
Повний текст джерелаFagbohungbe, Michael. "Optimisation of small scale anaerobic digestion technology : anaerobic digestion process regimes for energy recovery from waste." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/79342/.
Повний текст джерелаNogueira, Ricardo Galbiatti Sandoval. "Enteric and feces methane emissions, fermentative ruminal parameters and feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-02052017-125157/.
Повний текст джерелаA problemática das emissões de gases de efeito estufa atribuída à produção de bovinos e melhorias na produtividade desses animais vem crescendo e se tornando cada vez mais importante. Bovinos emitem metano como parte do seu processo digestivo, e isto representa perda de energia para o animal. A decomposição das fezes gera metano, este pode ser recuperado por biodigestores e transformado em diferentes tipos de energia. Assim, objetivou-se quantificar o potencial de produção do metano entérico e da decomposição anaeróbia das fezes, bem como avaliar parâmetros ruminais e comportamentais de bovinos alimentados com caroço de algodão e vitamina E. Foram utilizadas seis vacas fistuladas não gestantes e não lactantes (876 kg±16). Os tratamentos foram: 1) Controle: dieta basal; 2) CA: dieta basal mais 30% de caroço de algodão; 3) CAVitE: dieta basal mais 30% de caroço de algodão mais 500 UI vitamina E. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino. Os resultados foram comparados por contrastes ortogonais e foram considerados significantes valores de P0,05. Não foram verificadas diferenças para o consumo de matéria seca (MS), bem como digestibilidade da MS e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Os animais suplementados com caroço de algodão passaram maior tempo comendo e ruminando e menor tempo em ócio. Houve redução na concentração e produção de acetato, butirato e da relação acetato:propionato dos animais que receberam caroço de algodão comparado ao controle. A inclusão do caroço de algodão provocou mitigação das emissões de metano entérico. Houve alteração nas características dos substratos utilizados para abastecer os biodigestores. No entanto, não foram verificadas diferenças para a produção total de biogás, rendimento de metano e capacidade dos biodigestores em recuperar a energia das fezes na forma de metano. A inclusão de 30% caroço de algodão pode ser utilizada como estratégia para mitigar metano entérico, sem causar perdas no consumo, digestibilidade dos alimentos e na biodigestão anaeróbia das fezes. Além disso, sua inclusão promoveu alterações favoráveis no comportamento ingestivo, nos produtos da fermentação ruminal, bem como na partição de energia do trato gastrointestinal. A vitamina E quando utilizada como antioxidante não possui efeitos sobre a fermentação ruminal, comportamento ingestivo e biodigestão anaeróbia das fezes, assim sua inclusão não é indicada devido a ausência de resultados favoráveis a sua utilização.
Ortega, Charleston Luis S. "Hyperthermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19271.
Повний текст джерелаLe procédé de digestion anaérobie, visant à traiter la fraction organique des déchets solides, a l'avantage d'être plus intéressant que le procédé d'enfouissement des déchets en termes d'impact sur l'environnement. Le procédé de digestion anaérobie opère à des températures mésophiles et permet la dégradation partielle des composés complexes. A des températures plus élevées, telles thermophiles et hyper thermophiles, la dégradation de ces composés est plus efficace. Par conséquent, l'objectif fut d'évaluer l'effet d'une transition de température de 35°C (mésophile) à 70°C (hyper-thermophile) sur les microorganismes anaérobiques et leur dégradation des déchets alimentaire. La méthodologie a été divisée en plusieurs étapes, soit: 1) une boue de traitement d'effluents industriels du type granulaire mésophile a été soumise à des température thermophiles et à un traitement visant à l'adapter au traitement des déchets alimentaires (Chapitre 3); 2) les populations microbiennes présentes pendant la phase de transition de température mésophile à thermophile ont été caractérisées par un outil moléculaire (PCR et DGGE-ADNr16S) (Chapitre 4); 3) un test en batch a été développé afin d'étudier les vitesses limitantes de dégradation des substrats (protéines et huile végétale) (Chapitre 5); 4) la boue préalablement adaptée aux températures thermophiles et au traitement des déchets a été soumise à des températures hyper-thermophiles. La performance du réacteur et les activités de production de méthane et de dégradation du substrat ont alors été évaluées (Chapitre 6). L'étape d'adaptation a consisté à augmenter la température d'un seul coup, de 35 à 55°C, afin d'adapter le
Lafitte-Trouque, Sandrine. "Enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369392.
Повний текст джерелаPeck, M. W. "Anaerobic digestion of separated cattle slurry." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373421.
Повний текст джерелаYirong, Chaowana. "Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366736/.
Повний текст джерелаVerma, Nitin. "Anaerobic Digestion: Factors Effecting Odor Generation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43768.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Frear, Craig. "Anaerobic digestion strategies for dairy manures." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/c_frear_061509.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF title page (viewed on July 31, 2009). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
Stephenson, Robert John. "A comparison of retained biomass anaerobic digester designs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26740.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
Campbell, Alison June. "The behaviour of pharmaceuticals in anaerobic digester sludge." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-behaviour-of-pharmaceuticals-in-anaerobic-digester-sludge(995bec06-33fd-4c74-96a3-db4aba5a1c30).html.
Повний текст джерелаHolloway, Ryan W. "Forward osmosis for concentration of anaerobic digester centrate." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436020.
Повний текст джерелаBouaziz, Alexandre N. (Alexandre Nathanel). "Design of an anaerobic digester in Quebec, Canada." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90008.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84).
.In response to the future Quebec, Canada regulations prohibiting landfilling of organic matter by 2020, EBI, a waste management company located near Montreal is considering constructing an anaerobic digester. This thesis focuses on designing a scalable prototype based on the waste types available from the existing facilities of the company and the Montreal area. Based on an extended literature review and a feedstock analysis realized for this project, the study covers the elements composing an anaerobic digestion facility, the design criteria and calculations as well as a preliminary cost assessment and scalability strategy to help EBI realize the project.
by Alexandre N. Bouaziz.
M. Eng.
Jeyanayagam, Samuel S. "Engineering analysis of a Chinese-type anaerobic digester." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49800.
Повний текст джерелаDavis, Owen S. "Heat transfer through anaerobic digester concrete tank walls." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29909.
Повний текст джерелаConklin, Anne. "Acetoclastic methanogenesis : a key to anaerobic digester stability /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10131.
Повний текст джерелаMachado, Francisca LÃvia de Oliveira. "Co-anaerobic digestion of microalgae and glycerol from biodiesel residual." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8714.
Повний текст джерелаMicroalgae, microscopic life forms with photosynthetic capacity, produce oxygen thanks to light energy. Due to this capacity, microalgae are used for sewage treatment in stabilization ponds, however, this activity generates a large amount of microalgal biomass. In view of this excess of biomass production and its disposal in water bodies produces unpleasant effects, it has been evaluated the re-use of this biomass as a substrate for methane production in anaerobic digestion. Since microalgae have a rigid cell wall, the application of microalgae hydrolysis tests was necessary in order to improve its biodegradability. Heat pretreatment for 30 minutes at 120ÂC and 1 kgf/cm2 resulted in the best pretreatment applied. In order to improve C/N ratio, residual glycerol coming from biodiesel production was used to perform co-digestion with microalgae. Residual glycerol coming from biodiesel production (1Kg of glycerol per 10 Kg of biodiesel generated) is an impure residue which is also produced at large scale as a byproduct from the trans-esterification of fats and oils. In fact, the presence of impurities limits its applications. In this study, different COD/N ratios of 20 (phase 2), 40 (phase 3) and 70 (phase 4) were tested and the organic loading rate (OLR) applied ranged from 0,06 to 0,75 kg/m3.d. In the phase 1 only microalgae was used on the influent. Two modified UASB reactors were used. One of them was fed with pretreated microalgae, while the other one was fed with non-pretreated microalgae. Both of them were operated in co-digestion with glycerol. COD removal efficiencies ranged between 40% and 90%. Biogas produced presented values of 73% and 84% for each bioreactor treating pretreated and non-pretreated microalgae, respectively. Neither nitrogen nor ammonia and total and volatile suspended solids was significantly removed. Moreover, microalgae were the sole source of macro and micro-nutrients in this work. Sodium bicarbonate was used as a buffer during the phase 4, since pH fall down enough to harm the anaerobic digestion process at the beginning of phase 4. Based on the maintenance of adequate VFA/Alk ratios, both reactors presented a stable operation, specially the reactors treating pre-treated microalgae. Instability periods were mainly observed in some operation phases in the reactor without pretreatment. Specific methanogenic activity tests were carried out in order to evaluate the quality of the inoculum in terms of activity and methane production. Methane production presented a mean value of 0,26 g DQO-CH4/g SSV.d.
As microalgas, seres microscÃpicos com capacidade fotossintÃtica, produzem oxigÃnio na presenÃa de energia luminosa. Devido a isso as microalgas sÃo utilizadas para tratamento de esgotos em lagoas de estabilizaÃÃo, porÃm essa atividade gera uma grande quantidade de biomassa algal. Tendo em vista a produÃÃo dessa biomassa e sua destinaÃÃo em corpos hÃdricos provocando efeitos desagradÃveis, buscou-se avaliar a reutilizaÃÃo dessa biomassa como substrato para produÃÃo de metano a partir da digestÃo anaerÃbia. Devido à presenÃa de uma parede celular rÃgida, verificou-se a necessidade da aplicaÃÃo de testes de hidrÃlise para as microalgas com a finalidade de melhorar sua biodegradabilidade, sendo observado o melhor prÃ-tratamento aplicado, o tÃrmico por 30 minutos a 120ÂC e 1 kgf/cm2. Para melhorar a relaÃÃo C/N, utilizou-se o glicerol residual do biodiesel para realizaÃÃo de co-digestÃo com microalgas. O glicerol residual do biodiesel (1 kg de glicerol para cada 10 kg de biodiesel produzido), alÃm de ser um resÃduo impuro, à tambÃm produzido em grande escala como subproduto da transesterificaÃÃo de Ãleos e gorduras e sem muitas aplicaÃÃes devido exatamente a presenÃa de impurezas. Foram testadas relaÃÃes DQO/N de 20 (fase 2), 40 (fase 3) e 70 (fase 4), alÃm da relaÃÃo apenas das microalgas (fase 1), sendo as COV aplicadas, variando de 0,06 a 0,75 kg/m3.d. Foram utilizados dois reatores semelhantes ao UASB (UASB modificado), nos quais continham microalgas brutas e prÃ-tratadas, ambos em co-digestÃo com o glicerol. As remoÃÃes de DQO variaram de 40 a 90%. O biogÃs produzido teve rendimentos de atà 73% para o reator degradando microalgas prÃ-tratadas e 84% para o reator degradando microalgas brutas. NÃo houve remoÃÃes significativas de amÃnia e sÃlidos suspensos totais e volÃteis, tambÃm nÃo foram utilizados macro e micronutrientes, sendo esses nutrientes fornecidos apenas pelas microalgas. O bicarbonato de sÃdio como tampÃo foi utilizado apenas na Ãltima fase (fase 4), devido a queda do pH para uma faixa nÃo aceitÃvel para digestÃo anaerÃbia, no inÃcio dessa fase. As condiÃÃes de estabilidade foram mantidas, baseadas na relaÃÃo AGV/Alc, que se manteve em faixas aceitÃveis, principalmente para o reator operando microalgas prÃ-tratadas, sendo observado valores indicativos de instabilidade em algumas fases no reator sem prÃ-tratamento. Foi realizado teste de atividade metanogÃnica especÃfica para avaliar o lodo de inÃculo quanto a atividade e produÃÃo de metano, obtendo-se valor mÃdio de 0,26 g DQO-CH4/g SSV.d.
Alsaigh, Ahmad. "Anaerobic digestion of fatty slaughterhouse waste optimising the digestion process." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21377/.
Повний текст джерелаMonson, Kevin D. "The effect of various control actions on anaerobic digester performance." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2004. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-effect-of-various-control-actions-on-anaerobic-digester-performance(fe5cc949-4123-4827-a530-8f0a7ec5848e).html.
Повний текст джерелаYan, Jing-Qing. "Anaerobic digestion of cheese whey in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31898.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Siddiqui, Zuhaib. "Optimisation of Hydrogen and Methane Production from Co-digested Food Waste and Biosolids using Phase Separated Anaerobic Digestion." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521530.
Повний текст джерелаDemitry, Morris Elya. "Anaerobic Digestion Process Stability and the Extension of the ADM1 for Municipal Sludge Co-Digested with Bakery Waste." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4945.
Повний текст джерелаPathak, Ankit Bidhan. "Anaerobic Co-Digestion of High Strength Food Waste with Municipal Sewage Sludge: An assessment of Digester Performance and gas production." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48596.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Wendland, Claudia. "Anaerobic digestion of blackwater and kitchen refuse." Hamburg : GFEU, 2008. http://d-nb.info/995843090/34.
Повний текст джерелаNordlander, Eva. "System studies of Anaerobic Co-digestion Processes." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36515.
Повний текст джерелаKearney, Theresa Elizabeth. "Survival of pathogenic bacteria in anaerobic digesters." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334706.
Повний текст джерелаYadav, Vibhash Kumar. "Anaerobic digestion of high-sulphate molasses wastewater." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327828.
Повний текст джерелаKasapgil, Bahar. "Two-phase anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386051.
Повний текст джерела