Дисертації з теми "Anacrobic wastewater treatment processes"
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See, Hwee J. "Optimisation of water and wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272064.
Повний текст джерелаEscalona, Hernández Ivonne Graciela. "Membrane-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284445.
Повний текст джерелаBisfenol A (BPA) y tartrazina (TAR) pertenecen al grupo de compuestos que son potencialmente dañinos para la recuperación de aguas residuales. BPA es un perturbador del sistema hormonal o disruptor endocrino, mientras que la TAR es un colorante azo. Variedad de industrias, especialmente la industria papelera y textil producen un gran volumen de aguas residuales que están contaminadas con BPA y colorantes. Por lo tanto, los efluentes que contiene tanto BPA como colorantes, deben ser gestionados de manera eficiente con la finalidad de evitar problemas ambientales vinculados a ellos. Durante la última década, varios métodos para la eliminación de BPA y TAR de aguas residuales han sido probados, resultando ser eficaces y potencialmente aplicables a gran escala. Sin embargo, la mayoría de ellos todavía enfrentan problemas de costes, lo cual exige su desarrollo. La nanofiltración (NF) ofrece una solución adecuada para la eliminación de BPA y colorantes de las soluciones acuosas debido a su capacidad para remover sustancias orgánicas disueltas. Es por ello que en esta tesis, la NF en flujo cruzado usando membranas poliméricas fue utilizada para remover BPA y TAR de soluciones acuosas. Adicionalmente, la degradación de BPA y TAR durante los tratamientos por Fenton, ozonación y enzimático bajo diferentes condiciones de operación, en combinación con su posterior NF fueron ensayados. Resultados indican que tanto el BPA como la TAR pueden ser eficientemente degradados por estos procesos. El uso de un sistema integrado membrana-reactor mostró el potencial y las limitaciones del uso de los procesos de oxidación avanzada en conjunto con membranas de NF para la remoción del BPA y de la TAR. En general elevadas eficiencias de remoción fueron alcanzadas con las diferentes membranas de NF utilizadas.
Bisphenol A (BPA) and tartrazine (TAR) belong to the compounds which are potentially harmful during wastewater reclamation. BPA is a typical Endocrine Disrupting Chemical and TAR is an azo dye. Variety of industry, especially paper and textile industries produces a large volume of wastewater that is polluted with BPA and dyes. Therefore, BPA and dyes-charged effluents need to be efficiently managed in order to avoid environmental problems linked to them. During the last decade, several methods for BPA and TAR removal of wastewater have been found effective and potentially applicable for scaling up. However, most of them still face cost problems, thus demanding further development. It is generally accepted that nanofiltration (NF) offers an adequate solution for the removal of BPA and dyes from the aqueous solutions owing to its capacity to remove dissolved organics. In the present thesis, crossflow NF using thin film composite polymeric membranes were applied to reject BPA and TAR from aqueous solutions. Additionally, the degradation of BPA and TAR during Fenton’s, ozonation and enzymatic processes under different operational conditions, in combination with subsequent NF of low concentration remnant BPA and TAR and compounds derived from oxidation was investigated. Results indicate that BPA and TAR could be degraded efficiently in aqueous phase by Fenton, ozonation and enzymatic processes. The use of a membrane-reactor integrated system for BPA and TAR degradation demonstrated the potential and limitations of using advance oxidation processes, operated in a recycling mode coupled to a NF membrane. In general, high BPA and TAR removal efficiencies for several NF membranes were achieved.
Yalfani, Mohammad Sadegh. "New catalytic advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/34768.
Повний текст джерелаRegarding to the improvement of Advanced Oxidation Processes for wastewater treatment, new catalytic Fenton process and catalytic ozonation were designed and studied in the removal of organic pollutants from water. Fenton process was performed using in situ generated hydrogen peroxide, which was produced from formic acid and oxygen over alumina-supported palladium catalyst. Then, the system was fully heterogenized by using bimetallic Pd-Fe catalyst and applied successfully for different categories of organic pollutants. The combination of the above oxidation process with hydrodechlorination led to high efficiency in the degradation of chlorophenols. The performance of different hydrogen substitutes in the Fenton process using in situ generated hydrogen peroxide showed higher efficiency of hydroxylamine for neutral solutions. Concerning the development of new catalytic materials for catalytic ozonation, the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds was performed using dawsonite-derived copper catalysts. The copper incorporated into the structure of dawsonite indicated higher activity in catalytic ozonation with respect to the calcined sample, soluble copper and aluminasupported copper oxide.
Tapia, Tlatelpa Tecilli. "Optoelectronic optimization of photocatalytic processes for wastewater treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667685.
Повний текст джерелаLa contaminación del agua es un problema alarmante que pone en peligro la salud de todos los seres vivos. La industria textil está catalogada como una de las industrias más contaminantes, puesto que para realizar sus procesos de teñido y acabado requieren de una gran cantidad de recursos hídricos; desde hace décadas esta industria ha usado los Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (AOPs) al presentar diversas ventajas (e. g. destrucción de sustancias tóxicas, reducción de metales pesados, permitir su uso en conjunto con otros procesos, entre otros). Entre los AOPs, sobresale la fotocatálisis heterogénea, por su alta eficiencia para la remoción de contaminantes, incluidos los colorantes azoicos. Para realizar un proceso fotocatalítico, es necesario tener un fotorreactor, el cual requerirá de un fotocatalizador y al menos una fuente de iluminación que active el catalizador. Este tipo de fotorreactores pueden presentar diversos problemas, tales como, el uso fotocatalizadores de alto costo, la generación de subproductos tóxicos en algunos fotocatalizadores de bajo, el alto consumo eléctrico causado por la utilización de fuentes tradicionales de iluminación e incluso dificultades con la geometría de los fotorreactores. Por lo tanto la comunidad científica ha intentado optimizar los procesos fotocatalíticos, algunos científicos han trabajado en la generación de nuevos fotocatalizadores para poder utilizarlos en longitudes de onda generada por fuentes de iluminación de bajo coste (e. g. luz visible), no obstante, lo que en muchas ocasiones incrementa el precio del fotocatalizador. Otro enfoque se encuentra en la reducción del consumo eléctrico optando por la sustitución de las lámparas tradicionales por iluminación de bajo consumo, por ejemplo, iluminación LED; sin embargo, actualmente esta sustitución se realiza de manera arbitraria, por lo que en ocasiones algunos autores dudan de la capacidad de utilizar estas fuentes en este tipo de procesos. Además al intentar mejorar las fuentes de iluminación puede alterarse el fotorreactor, por lo que es importante tomar en consideración sus características para lograr una mejora significativa. Esta tesis se enfoca en una optimización optoelectrónica para mejorar la eficiencia de las fuentes de iluminación utilizadas en reactores fotocatalíticos. Para ello se ha generado una metodología para calcular arreglos de LEDs utilizando modelos de irradiancia uniforme, esta irradiancia debe ser homogénea, con energía suficiente para fotoactivar el catalizador y sustituir las lámparas tradicionales, evitando la alteración química de los fotocatalizadores; asimismo, se ha diseñado e implementado un reactor fotocatalítico a escala de laboratorio con iluminación ultravioleta ajustada a sus características (geometría, dimensiones, entre otros) para trabajar con un fotocatalizador de bajo coste (TiO2) en la decoloración de agua con colorantes textiles. Para finalizar se ha diseñado e implementado un sistema de monitorización in-situ para la decoloración de aguas teñidas, este tipo de monitorización evita la toma de muestras de durante el proceso, sin alterar la geometría del reactor ni disminuir el volumen de agua tratada del reactor.
McMahan, Erin K. "Impacts of rainfall events on wastewater treatment processes." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001609.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Bel Maud. "Techniques for the evaluation of wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10437.
Повний текст джерелаJelić, Aleksandra. "Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98403.
Повний текст джерелаDesde hace más de cuarenta años se ha detectado la presencia de fármacos en el ciclo de aguas, sobre todo debido a los avances en la química analítica que han permitido el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías analíticas para la determinación de estos compuestos de modo fiable y a bajas concentraciones. Las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDARs) han sido identificadas como la ruta principal de entrada de fármacos de origen humano en el medioambiente. Por tanto, el principal objetivo de esta tesis ha sido el estudio de la presencia, destino y eliminación de 43 fármacos seleccionados, durante el tratamiento convencional realizado en las EDARs. Los compuestos estudiados fueron seleccionados en base a los índices de consumo en España, a la frecuencia de detección en aguas residuales y además en base a la posibilidad de ser analizados bajo las mismas condiciones experimentales. Estos compuestos pertenecen a diferentes clases terapéuticas, i.e. antiinflamatorios no esteroideos , los agentes que reducen los lípidos séricos, ansiolíticos y antiepilépticos, los agentes bloqueadores beta-adrenérgicos, agonistas β2 adrenérgico, antagonistas H2 , antibióticos, inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, diuréticos y antidiabéticos. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó la cromatografía de líquidos acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem (LC-MS/MS), empleando un sistema híbrido triple quadrupolo/trampa de iones lineal. Como segundo objetivo hemos considerado evaluar tratamientos avanzados alternativos al tratamiento convencional para la eliminación de un fármaco antiepiléptico, la carbamazepina, uno de los compuestos más recalcitrantes al tratamiento biológico convencional. Se procedió a estudiar su degradación en medio acuoso mediante dos procedimientos a escala laboratorio: a) biodegradación utilizando el hongo ligninolitico Trametes Versicolor en un reactor fluidizado por pulsos de aire operando en modo batch y continuo, y b) oxidación avanzada mediante un tratamiento fotocatalitico en presencia de TiO2 bajo irradiación UV-A y solar, y aplicando la radiación UV en combinación con ultrasonidos (sonofotocatálisis). Para la evaluación de los tratamientos alternativos, se identificaron los productos de transformación de la carbamazepina, y se evaluó la toxicidad de las muestras tratadas. Se utilizó la LC-MS/MS con analizador de tipo cuadrupolo-tiempo de vuelo. También se evaluó la toxicidad de las muestras tratadas.
Bernat, Camí Xavier. "Treatment of biorefractory wastewater through membrane-assisted oxidation processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8583.
Повний текст джерелаWater scarcity is one of the major challenges for assuring a sustainable development. Among other measures, research into efficient wastewater treatment systems to deal with biorefractory wastewaters, which need to be amended before their biological degradation, is required. The Fenton process is an advanced oxidation process that can be used as potential pre-treatment for this purpose. However, the pre-treatment presents two main limitations: the use of iron salts as homogeneous catalyst, which are continuously thrown away in the reactor effluent, and the high consumption of oxidant, which is partially wasted. The present thesis aims at studying the improvement of the Fenton process applied on phenolic wastewater through its coupling with membrane technologies such as nanofiltration, membrane emulsification or membrane reactors. The coupling allows confining the catalyst and increasing the oxidation efficiency, thus enhancing the treatment efficiency in environmental and economic terms.
Ghasemzadeh, Shahram M. S. "Effect of Hydraulic Fracturing Waste in Wastewater Treatment Processes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1471254155.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez-Estrella, Jorge Gonzalez. "Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Processes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347117.
Повний текст джерелаBorea, Laura. "Advanced MBR processes for wastewater treatment and energy production." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2491.
Повний текст джерелаMore stringent standards on water quality along with the shortage of vater resources have led to the development of advanced wastewater treatment processes, in order to ensure the respect of discharge limits and the reuse of trated water... [edited by author]
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Li, Wen. "Improvement of Biological Processes of Inland Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190742.
Повний текст джерелаROCHA, MANOELA DEMORI LACOMBE PENNA DA. "USE OF ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES FOR PULP MILL WASTEWATER TREATMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32797@1.
Повний текст джерелаCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente trabalho avalia a utilização de dois diferentes tipos de POA, Fenton-Zero - processo Fenton utilizando ferro zero valente: Fe0/H2O2 - e UV/H2O2 para o tratamento de efluente de indústria de celulose tratado biologicamente. Os parâmetros observados foram DBO, DQO, COT, cor e ABS280nm (medida de compostos ligninícos). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em batelada, em escala de laboratório e utilizando efluente real de indústria de celulose tratado biologicamente. Para os testes com o processo Fenton Zero foram realizados experimentos de acordo com um planejamento fatorial 2 elevado a 3, investigando a influência das variáveis pH, dosagem de peróxido de hidrogênio e massa de ferro zero valente fornecida por volume de solução. Como fonte de ferro foi utilizada lã de aço comercial nas concentrações de 5,5 g/L, 6,5 g/L e 7,5 g/L. As concentrações iniciais de peróxido de hidrogênio estudadas foram de 456,9 mg/L, 913,7 mg/L e 1370,6 mg/L e os valores de pH variaram entre 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5. Foram obtidas médias de remoção de 57,1 por cento de DQO, 67,2 por cento de DBO, 90,5 por cento de Cor, 83,4 por cento de compostos lignínicos e 54 por cento de COT, além de 9,52 mg/L de DBO final e 60,1 mg/L de DQO final. Já os testes com o sistema UV/H2O2 foram conduzidos com o único objetivo de polimento do efluente para reuso pelo processo. Desta maneira, o pH utilizado foi o natural do efluente (7,5) e três doses de H2O2 foram aplicadas, 4,0 g/L, 5,0 g/L e 6,0 g/L estando estas em excesso.
The present work evaluates the use of two different types of AOP: the Zero-Fenton - process using zero valent iron - and UV/H2O2 for the treatment of pulp mill wastewater biologically treated. The observed parameters were BOD, COD, TOC, color and ABS280nm (measure of lignin compounds). The experiments were conducted in batch, lab scale and with real wastewater from biological treatment of a cellulose plant in Brazil. For the Fenton process, experiments were carried out according to a factorial design 23 investigating the influence of the variables pH, hydrogen peroxide dosage and zero-valent iron mass supplied by solution volume. As iron source, commercial steel wool was used in the concentrations of 5.5 g / L, 6.5 g / L and 7.5 g / L. The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide studied were 456.9 mg / L, 913.7 mg / L and 1370.6 mg / L and pH values ranged from 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5. The average removal rate was 57.1 per cent COD, 67.2 per cent COD, 90.5 per cent Color, 83.4 per cent lignin compounds and 54 per cent TOC. Also 9,52 mg/L of final BOD and 60,1 mg/L of final COD. The trials with the UV/H2O2 system, on the other hand, were conducted with the sole objective of polishing the effluent for reuse in the process. The pH used was the effluent s natural (7.5) and three excess doses of H2O2 were applied.
Dias, Edgard Henrique Oliveira. "Bacteriophages as surrogates of viral pathogens in wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9606c027-b1ad-4204-91e2-b906a842e888.
Повний текст джерелаAzhar, Muhammad Rizwan. "Synthesis of Nanomaterials and their Integration in Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69405.
Повний текст джерелаIervolino, Giuseppina. "Advanced oxidation processes for food industry wastewater valorization and treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2616.
Повний текст джерелаThe research of new eco-friendly technologies that enable the production of energy is nowadays one of the topics of greatest interest to the scientific community. The population has chosen to break free from the use of fossil fuels, and this leads to the study and development of processes for the production of clean energy starting from biomass. However, at the same time, the concern of the industry is also the disposal and treatment of wastewater. Starting from these considerations, it is advisable to develop processes that, under mild conditions, allow to obtain interesting hydrogen or methane yields. This objective could be achieved through the use advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as heterogeneous photocatalysis, photo-Fenton like reaction and photoelectrocatalysis. So, an interesting approach is to explore, in parallel to wastewater treatment, the possibility to produce also an energy source such as hydrogen and/or methane from the degradation of organic substance present in wastewater by AOPs. Considering the characteristic of food industries wastewaters, it is interesting to evaluate the performances of advanced oxidation processes for their treatment aimed to the valorization, through the conversion of specific substances (sugars), in order to obtain compounds with high energetic value, but also for removing substances hardly biodegradable (such as food dyes) that could be present in these industry wastewaters. In this PhD thesis it has been studied the performances of the photocatalytic process for the hydrogen production from food industries wastewaters. In particular, starting from synthetic solution containing glucose, it was evaluated the effect of the presence of noble metals on the semiconductor surface and the effect of the photoactive support (TiO2). Subsequently, providing for the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis to industrial level, the study has been directed to the formulation of a noble metal free photocatalyst with good performances in the production of hydrogen and in the degradation of the sugars present in the solutions. The final formulation was represented by LaFeO3 (a perovskite with semiconducting properties) prepared by combustion flame method. To improve the performances under visible light, LaFeO3 was modified with Ru (Ru-LaFeO3), whose cost is much lower than those of Pd, Pt or Au. Always perspective of the application of the process to industrial level, it was developed a structured photocatalyst for solving the problems related to the photocatalyst separation after the treatment. In particular it was studied the efficiency of magnetic Fe2O3 as support for Ru-LaFeO3. It was also investigated the photoelectrocatalytic process for the hydrogen production, considering the general aspects of the process, the advantages and in particular the attention has been focused on the electrodeposition process for the synthesis of Fe2O3 based photoanodes. Finally, the aim has been the application of the photocatalytic process on a real wastewater coming from the washing process of the fruit (especially cherries). It was not underestimated the presence of food dyes in these types of wastewater. For this reason it was evaluated the efficiency of photo-Fenton process in the removal of several food dyes (such as Red Allura and Tartrazine) using LaFeO3 deposited on corundum monoliths. In addition, it has been evaluated the possibility to couple the photocatalytic process (used for the valorization of the wastewater through the production of hydrogen) to the optimized photo-Fenton system to completely remove the not-biodegradable substances still present in the wastewaters recovered after the photocatalytic treatment using Ru-LaFeO3 supported on magnetic Fe2O3 particles. [edited by author]
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Mancuso, Giuseppe. "Enhancement of wastewater and sludge treatment processes by hydrodynamic cavitation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367789.
Повний текст джерелаMancuso, Giuseppe. "Enhancement of wastewater and sludge treatment processes by hydrodynamic cavitation." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2000/1/PhD_Thesis_Mancuso_Giuseppe.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTyldesley, Kathryn Victoria. "The effects of wastewater treatment processes on the oestrogenic and anti-androgenic activity of UK wastewater treatment works effluent." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441795.
Повний текст джерелаNorström, Anna. "Treatment of domestic wastewater using microbiological processes and hydroponics in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183.
Повний текст джерелаConventional end-of-pipe solutions for wastewater treatment have been criticized from a sustainable view-point, in particular regarding recycling of nutrients. The integration of hydroponic cultivation into a wastewater treatment system has been proposed as an ecological alternative, where nutrients can be removed from the wastewater through plant uptake; however, cultivation of plants in a temperate climate, such as Sweden, implies that additional energy is needed during the colder and darker period. Thus, treatment capacity, additional energy usage and potential value of products are important aspects considering the applicability of hydroponic wastewater treatment in Sweden.
To enable the investigation of hydroponic wastewater treatment, a pilot plant was constructed in a greenhouse located at Överjärva gård, Solna, Sweden. The pilot plant consisted of several steps, including conventional biological processes, hydroponics, algal treatment and sand filters. The system treated around 0.56-0.85 m3 domestic wastewater from the Överjärva gård area per day. The experimental protocol, performed in an average of twice per week over a period of three years, included analysis and measurements of water quality and physical parameters. In addition, two studies were performed when daily samples were analysed during a period of two-three weeks. Furthermore, the removal of pathogens in the system, and the microbial composition in the first hydroponic tank were investigated.
Inflow concentrations were in an average of around 475 mg COD/L, 100 mg Tot-N/L and 12 mg Tot-P/L. The results show that 85-90% of COD was removed in the system. Complete nitrification was achieved in the hydroponic tanks. Denitrification, by means of pre-denitrification, occurred in the first anoxic tank. With a recycle ratio of 2.26, the achieved nitrogen removal in the system was around 72%. Approximately 4% of the removed amount of nitrogen was credited to plant uptake during the active growth period. Phosphorus was removed by adsorption in the anoxic tank and sand filters, natural chemical precipitation in the algal step induced by the high pH, and assimilation in plants, bacteria and algae. The main removal occurred in the algal step. In total, 47% of the amount of phosphorus was removed. Significant recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus through harvested biomass has not been shown. The indicators analysed for pathogen removal showed an achieved effluent quality comparable to, or better than, for conventional secondary treatment. The microbial composition was comparable to other nitrifying biological systems. The most abundant phyla were Betaproteobacteria and Planctomycetes.
In Sweden, a hydroponic system is restricted to greenhouse applications, and the necessary amount of additional energy is related to geographic location. In conclusion, hydroponic systems are not recommended too far north, unless products are identified that will justify the increased energy usage. The potential for hydroponic treatment systems in Sweden lies in small decentralized systems where the greenness of the system and the possible products are considered as advantages for the users.
Norström, Anna. "Treatment of domestic wastewater using microbiological processes and hydroponics in Sweden /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Yue-ping, and 陳裕萍. "Simulation and analysis of biological wastewater treatment processes using GPS-X." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255437.
Повний текст джерелаBuck, Andrew. "Characterisation of chemical processes operating within a biological wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409874.
Повний текст джерелаSriwiriyarat, Tongchai. "Computer Program Development for the Design of IFAS Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32065.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Wu, Shimin, and Shimin Wu. "Fate of Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists During Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623167.
Повний текст джерелаDa, Silva Bradley. "Development of catalytic microreactors by plasma processes : application to wastewater treatment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066447.
Повний текст джерелаA key aspect in overcoming the energy and environmental challenges is to improve the efficiency of existing and new processes. Nowadays, almost all major chemicals are produced by catalytic processes. However, a better understanding of the reaction pathways and kinetics is needed. In the field of wastewater treatment, catalytic ozonation is a typical example of this problem. In this study, catalytic microreactors were used as innovative analytical tools for the determination of kinetics of catalytic ozonation and were elaborated by using low pressure plasma processes for the deposition and activation of iron and oxide-based catalysts on polymer-based materials. Catalytic ozonation with pyruvic acid as a refractory probe compound was performed with both catalysts. HPLC measurements showed the inactivity of the iron oxide layer compared to the cobalt oxide one which led to 20 % of degradation. The effect was doubled when the latter was post-treated by an argon plasma, demonstrating the role and importance of the plasma post-treatment step. A numerical study dealing with the reactions taking place on the surface of the catalyst was carried out using the Comsol Multiphysics software and showed that the model partially fitted the experimental data due to the lack of information. However, access to the reactions rate constants of the intermediate species generated during the catalytic ozonation step could be achieved through the use of the Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy technique and would lead to an efficient tool to predict the relevance and the direction of future improvement strategies regarding catalyzed chemical reactions
Vagadia, Aayushi R. "Comparison of Bacterial and Viral Reduction across Different Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977800.
Повний текст джерелаToday billions of people live without access to basic sanitation facilities, and thousands die every week due to diseases caused by fecal contamination associated with improper sanitation. It has thus become crucial for decision makers to have access to relevant and sufficient data to implement appropriate solutions to these problems. The Global Water Pathogen Project http://www.waterpathogens.org/ is dedicated to providing an up-to-date source of data on pathogen reduction associated with different sanitation technologies that are important if the world is to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health and sanitation provision. In this research, a subset of the Global Water Pathogen Project (GWPP) data is used to access the reduction of bacteria and viruses across different mechanical and natural sanitation technologies. The order of expected removal for bacteria during wastewater treatment was reported as highest for a membrane bioreactor (4.4 log10), waste stabilization pond (2.3 log10), conventional activated sludge (1.43 log10), anaerobic anoxic oxic activated sludge (1.9 log10), trickling filter (1.16 log10), and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (1.2 log10).
Furthermore, the order of expected removal for viruses was reported as highest for a membrane bioreactor (3.3 log10), conventional activated sludge (1.84 log10), anaerobic anoxic oxic activated sludge (1.67 log10), waste stabilization pond (1 log10), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (0.3 log10) and trickling filter (0.29 log10). It was found that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a statistically significant relation to the reduction of bacteria in an anaerobic, anoxic oxic treatment system. Similarly, a significant relation was found between the number of waste stabilization ponds in series and the expected reduction of bacteria. HRT was also found to be a significant factor in virus reduction in waste stabilization ponds. Additionally, it was observed that waste stabilization ponds, trickling filters, and UASB reactors could obtain a greater reduction in bacteria (5–7 log10) when combined with additional treatment (e.g., chemical disinfection or use of maturation ponds). Also, mechanized systems, such as activated sludge systems and membrane bioreactors, obtained a greater reduction (2–3 log10) of viruses when compared to a natural system. It was concluded that the selection of the best suitable technology for pathogen reduction depends on environmental, design, and operational factors as well as considering the performance of specific wastewater treatment systems individually as well as when combined with other treatment technologies that may provide added removal of microbial constituents.
Vagadia, Aayushi R. "Comparison of Bacterial and Viral Reduction Across Different Wastewater Treatment Processes." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7586.
Повний текст джерелаKapellakis, Iosif Emmanouil. "Olive mill wastewater management and treatment through soil, aquatic and solidification processes." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422022.
Повний текст джерелаLau, Shiew Wei. "Conditioning and dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge from municipal wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1594.
Повний текст джерелаSavage, Matthew John. "Integrated Treatment Processes For Primary Wool Scouring Effluent." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1125.
Повний текст джерелаCarini, Diane. "Treatment of industrial wastewater using chemical-biological sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) processes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13431.
Повний текст джерелаKarjalainen, S. M. (Satu Maaria). "Identification of processes leading to long-term wastewater purification in northern treatment wetlands." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212777.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Kosteikkopuhdistamot, jotka on rakennettu luonnonkosteikoille, voivat tehokkaasti vähentää erilaisten maankäyttömuotojen ja pistekuormituslähteiden vesistökuormitusta. Niiden käyttöikää pohjoisilla alueilla ei kuitenkaan tunneta hyvin. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan kosteikkopuhdistamoissa tapahtuvia biologisia, kemiallisia ja fysikaalisia prosesseja, joilla on vaikutusta ravinteiden ja kiintoaineen pidättymiseen. Yhteensä 15 eri-ikäisen kosteikkopuhdistamon toimintaa tutkittiin veden ja turpeen laadun sekä kasvihuonekaasumittausten avulla. Näistä vanhinta kosteikkoa oli tutkimusta tehdessä käytetty 18 vuotta turvetuotannon valumavesien puhdistukseen. Tyypillisesti kosteikkopuhdistamot pidättivät ravinteita ja kiintoaineita tehokkaasti jopa 18 vuoden käytön jälkeen. Typenpoistossa sedimentaatio, nitrifikaatio-denitrifikaatio ja kasvien ravinteidenotto olivat tutkituilla kosteikoilla tehokkaita prosesseja. Kosteikkopuhdistamoiden typpioksiduulipäästöt (N2O) ilmaan eivät kuitenkaan ole merkittäviä ilmastonmuutoksen aiheuttajia, koska tällaisten kosteikkopuhdistamoiden kokonaispinta-ala on pieni. Anammox- (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) ja muiden viimeaikoina muissa tutkimuksissa havaittujen typpiprosessien merkitys kosteikoilla tulisi vielä selvittää. Fosforin adsorptiokyky kosteikkopuhdistamoilla pysyi tehokkaana 12 vuoden tutkimusjaksolla, koska niissä adsorptiopintoja oli joko vapaana tai niitä vapautui absorptio- ja desorptioprosessien seurauksena. Kosteikkopuhdistamolla fosforin kertyminen turpeen muodostuksessa arvioitiin vähäiseksi, tosin kertymistä ei ole tarkkaan määritetty pohjoisilla kosteikkopuhdistamoilla, joihin tulee ravinteikasta vettä. Turvetuotannon valumavesissä ja jätevedenpuhdistamoilta tulleissa vesissä orgaanisten humusaineiden rautaan ja alumiiniin sitoutuneen fosforin suodattuminen ja sedimentoituminen olivat muita todennäköisiä fosforin pidättymismekanismeja kosteikoilla. Turvetuotannon valumavesissä rauta oli alumiinia merkittävämpi tekijä fosforin pidättymisessä. Rautaan sitoutunut fosfori on kuitenkin altis desorptiolle hapettomissa olosuhteissa, kun taas alumiiniin sitoutunut fosfori pidättyy pysyvämmin. Kiintoaines pidättyi kosteikkopuhdistamoissa yleensä hyvin, vaikka pidättyneen aineen osuudessa kokonaiskuormituksesta oli suurta vaihtelua yksittäisissä kosteikkopuhdistamoissa eri vuosina ja eri vuodenaikoina. Muutokset virtaamissa vaikuttivat kiintoaineksen kulkeutumiseen ja pidättymiseen. Kiintoaines pidättyy sedimentaatiossa, jonka suuruuteen vaikuttaa kiintoaineen partikkelikoko. On todennäköistä, että vanhojen turvetuotantoalueiden korkean humusasteen pienikokoiset turvepartikkelit erodoituvat helpommin kuin pintaturpeen vähemmän hajonneet partikkelit. Heikentynyt kiintoaineen pidättyminen saattaa aiheutua myös kosteikkopuhdistamoiden oikovirtauksien kehittymisestä, muutoksista sedimentin kulkeutumistavoissa ja liian harvoista näytteenotoista, jolloin ei pystytä riittävän tarkasti arvioimaan kiintoaineksen pidättymistä. Kosteikkopuhdistamot voivat olla ideaalisia jätevesien puhdistamiseen ja ovat osoittaneet hyvää puhdistustehokkuutta myös pitkäaikaisessa käytössä pohjoisissa olosuhteissa. Siten ne ovat laajasti sovellettavissa, kunhan niiden käyttömahdollisuuksien rajoitteet on otettu huomioon
Kordi, Javad. "Processes and drivers of biological and chemical Phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38814.
Повний текст джерелаDE, ARANA SARABIA MARIA EUGENIA. "THE EXCESS SLUDGE PRODUCTION DURING THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT. SLUDGE REDUCTION BY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908166.
Повний текст джерелаLitteken, Garrett Michael. "IMPACT OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT ALUM SLUDGE RESIDUALS ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2246.
Повний текст джерелаMaeng, Sung Kyu. "Effect of a silver-bearing photoprocessing wastewater and silver compounds on biological treatment processes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19024.
Повний текст джерелаHansson, Henrik. "TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED BY WOOD-BASED DRY INDUSTRIES: ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES & ELECTROCOAGULATION." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36437.
Повний текст джерелаTrä är ett material med ett stort antal möjliga användningsområden. Inom träindustrin har utvecklingen av vattenbehandlingsmetoder varit inriktat på de branscher som har vatten som en del av produktionen, såsom papper- och massaindustrin. Men det finns en stor och potentiellt växande sektor inom träindustrin som har försummats, den utgörs av industrier som inte har vatten som en del av produktionen, t.ex. trägolv och trämöbel industrier. Trots detta så producerar dessa industrier fortfarande relativt kraftigt förorenade avloppsvatten med t.ex. COD-värden upp till 30000 mg/l men i relativt låga volymer. Dessa avloppsvatten uppkommer vid rengöring av maskiner och städning av lokaler, varefter de oftast efter utspädning med dricksvatten skickas till det kommunala reningsverket. Väl där späds det förorenade vattnet vidare ut med annat inkommande vatten men passerar dock till stor del obehandlat och släpps ut i mottagande vattendrag eller så fastnar föroreningarna i avloppsslamet. Dagvatten är en annan typ av förorenat vatten från dessa "torra industrier" som ofta genereras i stora volymer och innehåller föroreningar som lakats från de trämaterial som förvaras i de stora upplag som ofta förekommer vid denna typ av industrier. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att öka kunskapen och kompetensen för att kunna miljömässigt riktigt och ekonomiskt billigt behandla industriavloppsvatten lokalt på plats inom trävaruindustrin, genom att använda en trä-golvsindustri som fallstudie. Fokus lades på kombinerade behandlingsmetoder och lösningar som skulle kunna vara lämpliga både för industriavloppsvatten och dagvatten. Ett antal behandlingstekniker har undersökts; elektrokoagulering studerades både som en fristående behandling och i kombination med aktivt kol. Den kombinerade behandlingen gav en COD-reduktion på ungefär 70 %. Flera avancerade oxidationsprocesser (AOP) studerades också, och en COD-reduktion på cirka 70% uppnåddes med en kombination av UV-ljus och Fenton behandling. Den mest framgångsrika behandlingen var ozon i kombination med UV-ljus där en COD-reduktion runt 90 % uppnåddes varvid en avsevärd förbättring av den biologisk nedbrytbarhet på det behandlade avloppsvattenet erhölls. Ozon visade sig också vara effektivt för nedbrytning av organiska föreningar (ca 70% COD reduktion) och förbättrade den biologiska nedbrytbarheten av föroreningarna i dagvattnet från den studerade industrin. Resultaten har visat att ozon kan anses vara ett lämpligt alternativ för att behandla industriavloppsvatten inom trävarusektorn och möjligen för att öka den biologiska nedbrytbarheten av dagvattnet från dessa industrier
Integrated Approach for Handling of Industrial Wastewater and Stormwater
Triple Helix Collaboration on Industrial Water Conservation in Småland and the Islands
Trahern, Patti Gremillion. "A comparative study of freeze-thaw processes for conditioning wastewater and water treatment sludges." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53845.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Khalid, Muhammad Imran. "Development of an intelligent dynamic modelling system for the diagnosis of wastewater treatment processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1153.
Повний текст джерелаBadmus, Kassim Olasunkanmi. "Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater with combined advanced oxidation." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6785.
Повний текст джерелаPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are very tenacious wastewater contaminants with negative impact on the ecosystem. The two major sources of POPs are wastewater from textile industries and pharmaceutical industries. They are known for their recalcitrance and circumvention of nearly all the known wastewater treatment procedures. However, the wastewater treatment methods which applied advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are documented for their successful remediation of POPs. AOPs are a group of water treatment technologies which is centered on the generation of OH radicals for the purpose of oxidizing recalcitrant organic contaminants content of wastewater to their inert end products. Circumvention of the reported demerits of AOPs such as low degradation efficiency, generation of toxic intermediates, massive sludge production, high energy expenditure and operational cost can be done through the application of the combined AOPs in the wastewater treatment procedure. The resultant mineralisation of the POPs content of wastewater is due to the synergistic effect of the OH radicals produced in the combined AOPs. Hydrodynamic cavitation is the application of the pressure variation in a liquid flowing through the venturi or orifice plates. This results in generation, growth, implosion and subsequent production of OH radicals in the liquid matrix. The generated OH radical in the jet loop hydrodynamic cavitation was applied as a form of advanced oxidation process in combination with hydrogen peroxide, iron (II) oxides or the synthesized green nano zero valent iron (gnZVI) for the treatment of simulated textile and pharmaceutical wastewater.
Costa, Giuseppe Alessio. "Implementation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (ebpr) wastewater treatment processes enriched with different microbial communities." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8017/.
Повний текст джерелаBasset, Olivé Núria. "A contribution to resource recovery from wastewater. Anaerobic processes for organic matter and nitrogen treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/346348.
Повний текст джерелаUn dels reptes de les estacions depuradores d'aigües residuals (EDAR) és aconseguir una elevada eficiència d'eliminació de contaminants amb menys demanda energètica, atenent als requeriments legals, cada dia més restrictius. A més a més, l'afany de recuperació de recursos a partir dels residus promou el desenvolupament de noves tecnologies pel tractament d'aigües residuals valoritzant-ne la matèria orgànica i els nutrients que conté. La digestió anaeròbia és un procés pel qual la matèria orgànica es transforma en una font d'energia, com és el biogàs. Actualment, la digestió anaeròbia s'aplica a residus com els fangs de depuradora, purins, etc. En aquesta tesi, s'ha estudiat la digestió anaeròbia per al tractament d'aigües residuals amb poca càrrega orgànica, utilitzant bioreactors de membrana anaeròbics (BRM-An) per tal de retenir la biomassa en el digestor. S'ha tractat aigua residual procedent de la indústria vitivinícola, caracteritzada per un alt contingut en matèria orgànica i pobre en nutrients, avaluant la flexibilitat del BRM-An a oscil•lacions de càrrega orgànica, així com la seva viabilitat en termes energètics. Pel que fa a l'aigua residual municipal, la digestió anaeròbia requereix de post-tractaments d'eliminació de nutrients. En aquesta tesi, s'han estudiat dos processos d'eliminació de nitrogen: nitrificació/desnitrificació (N/DN) via nitrit i nitrificació parcial — Anammox (de l'anglès anaerobic ammonium oxidation). Ambdós possibilitats presenten un estalvi considerable en comparació amb la N/DN convencional. És ben sabut que la N/DN via nitrit suposa una reducció de les necessitats d'aireig i matèria orgànica. En el present treball s'ha estudiat la integració de l'eliminació de nitrogen via nitrit amb la producció de polihidroxialcanoats (PHA), bioplàstics d'alt interès comercial que s'acumulen a l'interior de les cèl•lules donades les condicions adients (sacietat — fam). Tots els estudis s'han portat a terme a escala de laboratori i s'han obtingut conclusions satisfactòries en al majoria de casos, arribant a la conclusió que valoritzant la matèria orgànica present en les aigües residuals com una font de recursos i reduint el cost dels sistemes d'eliminació de nutrients, les EDAR esdevindran processos molt més sostenibles.
Sriwiriyarat, Tongchai. "Mathematical Modeling and Evaluation of Ifas Wastewater Treatment Processes for Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28733.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Liu, Meilin. "Effects of the antimicrobial agent Triclosan on bacterial resistance to disinfection in wastewater treatment processes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5996.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 55 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
Rodríguez, Miguel. "Fenton and UV-vis based advanced oxidation processes in wastewater treatment: Degradation, mineralization and biodegradability enhancement." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1522.
Повний текст джерелаPhenols, pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, and other chemical products are disposed of directly into the environment, without being treated, via controlled or uncontrolled discharging and without a treatment strategy.
In this general context, it is very clear that the strategy to continue in the search of solutions to this problem that every day presents a sensitive growth, mainly in the developing countries, will be guided to two fundamental aspects:
- The development of appropriate methods for contaminated drinking, ground, and surfaces waters, and mainly
- The development of appropriate methods for wastewaters containing toxic or non-biodegradable compounds.
This thesis is focused in the second of these aspects. In this sense, it has been deepened in the treatment of organic compounds in aqueous solution by means of advanced oxidation processes (AOP), in the search of their elimination or transformation into more biodegradable compounds.
The experimental work has been divided into four chapters. First part (chapter 3) is focused on the kinetic study of Fenton process for what two model compounds have been chosen: phenol, as reference (model compound widely studied) and an aromatic non-biodegradable compound, nitrobenzene.
The second part (chapter 4) addresses to the optimisation of some treatment processes, such as photo-Fenton, H2O2/UV and Fe3+/UV-vis using different sources of artificial light and sunlight. The experimental work of this chapter was divided into two parts. In the first one, experiments were performed at laboratory scale at the University of Barcelona. In the second one, experiments in pilot plants were carried out at the EPFL (Ecole Politechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland) and at the Plataforma Solar de Almería, Spain. The experimental results showed that the photo-Fenton process was the most effective method in the mineralization of the treated solutions. It is very important to stand out that it was more effective when solar light was used as radiation source.
Chapters 5 and 6 represent an application of the treatment methods used in chapter 4, in which their influence on the biodegradability of an organic chloride compound (DCDE) and of waters coming from a textile industry was studied. For this final part of the thesis, the experimental work was carried out at the University of San Diego (San Diego, USA) and at the EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland), respectively. In the case of water solutions of DCDE, H2O2/UV process was used as pre-treatment method to obtain oxidized solutions of 25, 50, 75 and 100% DCDE degrdation. After applying different biodegradability tests, it was observed that, as the percentage of oxidation increased, it increased the biodegradability of the treated solution, thus demostrating the effectiveness of the pre-treatment. In the case of treated textile wastewaters, a strategy was put in practice to obtain a general vision when it facing the case industrial wastewaters. When applied to the textile water under study, it was found that the photo-Fenton process should be used as post-treatment step of a biological process.
Ribera, Guàrdia Anna. "Greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment processes: identifying triggering factors at laboratory and full-scale systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/471514.
Повний текст джерелаAquesta tesi està centrada en l'estudi de les emissions dels gasos d'efecte hivernacle (GEH) dels sistemes de tractament d'aigua residual. L'òxid nitrós (N2O) i el metà (CH4) són els principals GEH emesos directament en les estacions depuradores d'aigües residuals (EDAR). En aquesta tesi s'han realitzat diferents estudis per a identificar la producció de N2O usant diferents combinacions d'acceptors d'electrons durant la desnitrificació. En primer lloc es varen utilitzar tres fonts de carboni externes en un cultiu mix desnitrificant. En segon lloc es va utilitzar un cultiu enriquit amb organismes desnitrificants acumuladors de fòsfor (dPAO) i un cultiu enriquit amb organismes desnitrificants acumuladors de glicogen (dGAO) per tal d'avaluar l'efecte d'utilitzar una font de carboni interna (polihidroxialcanoats, PHA) per la desnitrificació en la producció de N2O. Els resultats van indicar que la competició d'electrons durant la reducció dels diferents òxids de nitrogen és un factor significatiu en els processos de desnitrificació heterotròfica ordinària utilitzant fonts de carboni externes com a donador d'electrons però no en els processos de desnitrificació utilitzant PHA com a font de carboni interna com en els dPAO i dGAO. Els resultats també varen demostrar que generalment en els experiments realitzats amb els dGAOs es detectava una acumulació major de N2O que en els experiments amb dPAOs, especialment quan s'utilitzava nitrit com a acceptor d'electrons. Més endavant es va explorar l'efecte del oxigen dissolt (DO) a un nivell constant de pH i l'efecte del pH a un nivell constant de DO en la producció de N2O i NO en la nitrificació parcial en un reactor discontinu seqüencial (SBR). També es va estudiar la relació entre la producció de NO i la velocitat d'oxidació d'amoni (AOR) així com la producció de N2O i la AOR. Els resultats van mostrar que les relacions eren lineal i exponencial, respectivament. Aquesta investigació va destacar la importància de supervisar també les emissions de NO, ja que poden conduir a emissions de N2O. L'última investigació d'aquesta tesi va ser un estudi a l'EDAR de Girona per a avaluar les dinàmiques d'emissions de N2O i CH4 en els reactors de flux pistó. Els resultats van mostrar variacions estacionals i espacials en les emissions de N2O en el reactor de flux pistó però només variacions espacials en les emissions de CH4. Finalment, es va avaluar la petjada de carboni global del reactor flux pistó.
Pragya. "Response of hybrid anaerobic reactor to waste water toxicity." Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7252.
Повний текст джерелаLucas, Marco Paulo Gomes de Sousa. "Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Wastewater Treatment." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/314.
Повний текст джерелаThis research contributes to the study and development of advanced oxidation technologies applied to two different problematic wastewaters: textile and winery wastewaters. In this dissertation the factors that influence the oxidation of the model compound of textile wastewaters, the azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and of the winery wastewaters were investigated. The first part of the thesis experimental work is dedicated to the decolorization of RB5 solutions. The RB5 dye was selected as model molecule to represent the concerned dye group because is widely used in the textile and paper industries, hardly biodegradable and inexpensive. Firstly, an experimental comparison among two photoxidation systems, Fenton/UV-C and ferrioxalate/H2O2/solar light, was performed. The variables considered were pH, H2O2 dosage, iron dosage, RB5 concentration and source of light. The experiments indicate that RB5 can be effectively decolorized using Fenton/UV-C and ferrioxalate/H2O2/solar light processes with a small difference between the two processes, 98.1 and 93.2%, respectively, after 30 minutes. Although the lesser difference in dye decolorization, significant increment in TOC removal was found with Fenton/UV-C process (46.4% TOC removal) relative to ferrioxalate/H2O2/solar light process (29.6% TOC removal). This fact reveals that UV-C low pressure mercury lamp although with its small effect on dye decolorization is particularly important in dye mineralization, when compared to solar light. Further, it was tested the decolorization of aqueous azo dye RB5 solution combining an Advanced Oxidation Process (Fenton’s reagent) followed by an aerobic biological process (mediated by the yeast Candida oleophila). Fenton’s process alone, as well as aerobic treatment by Candida oleophila alone, exhibited the capacity to significantly decolorize azo dye solutions up to 200 mg/L, within about 1 and 24 hours respectively. By contrast, neither Fenton’s reagent nor Candida oleophila sole treatments showed acceptable decolorizing abilities for higher initial dye concentrations (300 and 500 mg/L). But the combination between the two processes, with Fenton’s reagent process as primary treatment, at 1.0x10-3 mol/L H2O2 and 1.0x10-4 mol/L Fe2+, and growing yeast cells as a secondary treatment, achieves a color removal of about 91% for an initial RB5 concentration of 500 mg/L. In a second stage, is presented the experimental work done with winery wastewaters. This study starts with the evaluation of the capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) combined with several radiation sources to degrade the phenolic compound Gallic Acid (GA), the most representative phenolic compound present in the winery wastewaters. From the experiments conducted it was possible to suggest that the AOP, Fe2+ + H2O2 + UV TNN 15/32 (photo-Fenton process), was the most efficient process thereby achieving the GA degradation value of 95.6% in 7.5 minutes and resulting in a total elimination of toxicity. Afterwards, the degradation of simulated winery wastewater was studied in a pilotscale Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) solar reactor. Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction with heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2) and homogeneous photocatalysis with photo-Fenton is observed. Heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2, TiO2/H2O2 and TiO2/S2O8 2- is revealed to be inefficient in removing TOC, achieving TOC degradation of 10%, 11% and 25%, respectively, at best. However, photo-Fenton experiments achieved 46% TOC degradation in simulated wastewater prepared with diluted wine (WV) and 93% in wastewater prepared with diluted grape juice (WG), and if ethanol is previously eliminated from mixed wine and grape juice wastewater (WW) by air stripping, it removes 96% of TOC. Ozonation of organic substances present in winery wastewater was studied in a pilot-scale bubble column reactor. A steady reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed under the action of ozone at the natural pH of the wastewater (pH 4). At alkaline and neutral pH the degradation rate was accelerated by the formation of radical species from the decomposition of ozone. The monitoring of pH, redox potential (ORP), UV absorbance (254 nm), polyphenols content and ozone consumption was correlated with the oxidation of the organic species in the water. The ozonation of winery wastewater in the bubble column was analysed in terms of a mole balance coupled with ozonation kinetics modeled by the two-film theory of mass transfer and chemical reaction. It was determined that the ozonation reaction can develop both in and across different kinetic regimes: fast, moderate and slow, depending on the experimental conditions. Besides ozonation also the effectiveness of different ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2) on the treatment of winery wastewater was investigated in the same pilot-scale bubble column reactor. In all the experiments the disappearance of the winery wastewater organic load was described by pseudo-first order apparent reaction kinetics. The faster rate constant (6.5 x 10-3 min-1), at the natural pH of the wastewater, was observed with the O3/UV/H2O2 process under optimised oxidant dose (COD/H2O2 = 2). An economical analysis on the operating costs of the AOPs processes investigated revealed the O3/UV/H2O2 to be the most economical process (1.31 Euro m-3g-1 of TOC mineralised under optimised conditions) to treat the winery wastewater. Finally, the degradation of the organic pollutants present in winery wastewater was carried out by the combination of two successive steps: a long term aerated storage bioreactor followed by a chemical oxidation process using Fenton’s reagent. The long term hydraulic retention time, 11 weeks, contributed remarkably to the reduction of COD (about 90%) and the combination with the Fenton’s reagent led to a high overall COD reduction that reached 99.5% when the mass ratio (R=H2O2/COD) used was equal to 2.5, maintaining constant the molar ratio H2O2/Fe2+=15.
A presente tese de doutoramento pretende contribuir para o estudo e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de oxidação avançada aplicadas a dois tipos de águas residuais: efluentes têxteis e efluentes vinícolas. O objectivo principal deste trabalho foi o de compreender a aplicação de vários Processos de Oxidação Avançada (POA) e determinar os principais factores operacionais que condicionam a degradação de certos tipos de compostos e a decomposição da matéria orgânica presente em águas residuais têxteis e em efluentes vinícolas. Estes tipos de águas residuais foram seleccionados como alvo de estudo por duas ordens de razões. Em primeiro lugar, porque constituem problemas ambientais relevantes na região Norte de Portugal. De facto, encontra-se um grande número de indústrias têxteis dispersas pelos distritos do Porto e Braga, especialmente na bacia hidrográfica do Ave, enquanto a produção de vinho assume uma particular importância na Região Demarcada do Douro. Em segundo lugar, porque se pretendiam estudar efluentes contendo compostos de origem sintética (designadamente os corantes têxteis) e, em contraponto, estudar águas residuais geradas por processos agrícolas caracterizadas pela presença preponderante de matéria orgânica de origem natural, seleccionando-se, neste caso, os efluentes vinícolas. Estruturalmente, a primeira parte do trabalho é dedicada ao estudo da descoloração de soluções do corante sintético Reactive Black 5 (RB5). O corante RB5 foi seleccionado como composto modelo para representar os corantes têxteis uma vez que apresenta uma difícil biodegradabilidade e é muito utilizado na indústria têxtil. Inicialmente fez-se a comparação experimental entre dois sistemas de foto-oxidação, Fenton/UV-C e ferrioxalato/H2O2/radiação solar. As variáveis consideradas foram: pH, concentração de H2O2, concentração de ião ferroso, concentração de RB5 e fonte de radiação. Os ensaios indicam que as soluções de RB5 podem ser efectivamente descoloradas usando Fenton/UV-C e ferrioxalato/H2O2/radiação solar com uma pequena diferença entre os dois processos, 98,1 e 93,2%, respectivamente, após um período de 30 minutos. Apesar da escassa diferença de descoloração verificada entre os dois POA, é nítido um incremento significativo na remoção de carbono orgânico total (COT) com o processo Fenton/UV-C (46,4% de remoção de COT) comparativamente com o processo ferrioxalato/H2O2/luz solar (29,6% de remoção de COT). Este facto revela que a fonte de radiação utilizada, lâmpada de mercúrio de baixa pressão (UV-C), é particularmente importante na mineralização do corante RB5 quando comparada com a luz solar. Foi depois testada a descoloração da solução aquosa de RB5 com o reagente de Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+) combinado com um processo biológico aeróbio (desenvolvido pela levedura Candida oleophila). O processo Fenton e o tratamento aeróbio pela Candida oleophila mostraram, individualmente, uma capacidade significativa para descolorar soluções de RB5 com concentrações até 200 mg/L, no período de 1 e 24 horas, respectivamente. Por outro lado, nem o reagente de Fenton nem a levedura Candida oleophila apresentaram de per si uma capacidade apreciável para descolorar soluções com concentrações elevadas de corante (300 e 500 mg/L). No entanto, a combinação dos dois processos anteriores: reagente de Fenton, como tratamento primário, utilizando as concentrações de 1,0x10-3 mol L-1 de H2O2 e 1,0x10-4 mol L-1 de Fe2+, com a levedura Candida oleophila, como tratamento secundário, permitiram alcançar uma remoção de cor de aproximadamente 91% para uma concentração inicial de RB5 de 500 mg L-1. Numa segunda fase, é apresentado o trabalho experimental realizado com efluentes vinícolas. Este estudo teve início com a avaliação da capacidade de diferentes POA, quando combinados com várias fontes de radiação, em degradarem o ácido gálico: o ácido fenólico presente em maior quantidade nos efluentes vinícolas e considerado como composto modelo neste estudo. Através dos ensaios realizados foi possível verificar que o processo foto-Fenton (Fe2+ + H2O2 + UV TNN 15/32), foi o que apresentou maior eficiência na degradação do referido ácido, 95,6% em 7,5 minutos. Posteriormente, foi estudada a degradação de um efluente vinícola simulado, numa escala piloto, usando um reactor solar do tipo “Compound Parabolic Collector” (CPC). Foi avaliada a redução do teor em carbono orgânico total (COT) por fotocatálise heterogénea (TiO2) e por fotocatálise homogénea (foto-Fenton). Os ensaios de fotocatálise heterogénea com TiO2, TiO2/H2O2 e TiO2/S2O8 2- revelaram-se ineficientes na remoção de COT atingindo, na melhor das situações, degradações de 10%, 11% e 25%, respectivamente. Nas experiências realizadas com o processo foto-Fenton foi possível atingir 46% de degradação de COT no efluente simulado preparado com vinho diluído e 93% no efluente simulado preparado com sumo de uva. Se o etanol presente no efluente simulado for previamente eliminado por “air stripping” é possível atingir uma remoção de 96% do carbono orgânico total. A ozonização de compostos orgânicos presentes no efluente vinícola foi estudada em escala piloto recorrendo a um reactor “bubble column”. A redução progressiva da carência química de oxigénio (CQO) foi observada através da acção do ozono sobre as águas residuais a pH natural (pH 4). A pH alcalino e neutro a taxa de degradação foi acelerada pela formação de espécies radicais geradas a partir da decomposição do ozono. A monitorização do pH, do potencial de oxidação-redução (ORP), da aromaticidade (absorvância a 254 nm), dos polifenóis totais e do consumo de ozono foram correlacionados com a oxidação das espécies orgânicas na água residual. Estudou-se a ozonização de efluentes vinícolas no reactor “bubble column” em função do equilíbrio molar em conjunto com a cinética de ozonização modelada pela teoria dos dois filmes de transferência de massa e de reacção química. Deduziu-se que a reacção de ozonização pode desenvolver-se em regimes cinéticos diferentes: rápido, moderado e lento, dependendo das condições experimentais. Avaliou-se ainda a eficiência de diferentes POA baseados em ozono (O3, O3/UV e O3/UV/H2O2) no tratamento dos efluentes vinícolas no reactor “bubble column” à escala piloto. A redução da carga orgânica dos efluentes vinícolas foi descrita como uma reacção de pseudo-1ª ordem em todos os ensaios. A constante de velocidade de degradação mais rápida (6,5x10-3 min-1), a pH natural, foi obtida para o processo O3/UV/H2O2 em condições optimizadas (COD/H2O2 = 2). Uma análise económica sobre os custos de operação dos POA investigados revelou que o processo mais competitivo para tratar os efluentes vinícolas é o processo O3/UV/H2O2 (com custos de 1,31 Euro m-3 g-1 de COT mineralizado sob condições optimizadas). Finalmente, estudou-se a degradação da carga orgânica presente em efluentes vinícolas através da combinação de duas etapas sucessivas: uma primeira, envolvendo o tratamento biológico aeróbio com um longo tempo de residência, seguido por um processo de oxidação química utilizando o reagente de Fenton. O tempo prolongado de retenção hidráulica no biorreactor, 11 semanas, contribuiu notavelmente para a redução de CQO (cerca de 90%). A combinação posterior com o reagente de Fenton conduziu a uma redução global de CQO de 99,5% quando a razão mássica aplicada (R = H2O2/COD) foi igual a 2,5, mantendo-se constante a razão molar H2O2/Fe2+ = 15.
Tsai, Yi-Chun, and 蔡宜君. "Treatment of Wastewater Containing Aniline By different Fenton Processes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53011095836861795435.
Повний текст джерела嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
94
Fenton process is one of advanced oxidation processes. It uses hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ions to produce hydroxyl radicals that can oxidize various types of pollutants. Fenton process take advantage of the high efficiency and low operational cost. However, the primary disadvantage of this process is the generation of high volume of iron sludge. Previous studies showed that applying electric current or crystallization technology effectively reduces the iron sludge generation. Therefore, this study applied Electro-Fenton and Fluidized bed (FB) Fenton processes to treat the synthetic wastewater for comparing the difference between these two systems. Results show that initial pH, ferrous ion, hydrogen peroxide and aniline concentration would affect the degradation of aniline. The reaction rate increased with increasing ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Two-stage model is applied to describe the reaction kinetics. In this study, when initial pH=2.6~3.2, average oxidation rate of aniline were 0.40~ 3.06(×10-3 M min-1) and K for aniline were 0.21~ 0.72 (min-1) for electro-Fenton process. In FB-Fenton process, average oxidation rate for aniline were 0.72~ 2.47(×10-3 M min-1) and K of aniline were 0.06~0.36 (min-1).Reaction rates and removal efficiencies of aniline using different Fenton processes were better at pH 3.2. The average oxidation rate and K increased with increasing ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Average oxidation rate and K decreased with increasing aniline concentration. Anions suppressed the decomposition of aniline in the following sequence: H2PO4> Cl- for both electro-Fenton and Fluidized bed Fenton processes. Multi-step H2O2 addition did not affect the aniline removal efficiency for Electro-Fenton process. However, one-step H2O2 addition was better than multi-step H2O2 addition for FB-Fenton. To compare electro-Fenton and FB-Fenton processes, the following operating conditions were used, namely 〔C H NH 〕=1.0×10-2M,〔Fe2+〕=1.07×10-3 M,〔H2O2〕=0.058 M,〔SiO2〕=100g, current=4A, pH=3.2. After 60 min, aniline removal was 95﹪for electro-Fenton process while 83﹪of aniline was removed by FB-Fenton process. Therefore, aniline oxidation efficiency by Electro-Fenton process is better compared with FB-Fenton process.