Статті в журналах: "Ammonization"

1

Bata, Muhamad, and Nur Hidayat. "Penambahan Molases Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Amoniasi Jerami Padi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Produk Fermentasi Rumen Secara In-Vitro." Jurnal Agripet 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v10i2.641.

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Supplementation of molasses to improve the quality of rice straw ammonization and its effect on fermentation product in-vitroABSTRACT. Aimed of this research was to find out the optimal level of molasses addition at straw rice ammonization process to N-NH3 production, VFA and microbe protein synthesis. Material used was rumen fluid of fistula cattle, rice straw, water, urea and molasses. Treatment tried was level of molasses addition 0%, 15% and 30% on rice straw which given urea. Research was carried out by experimental method as in vitro, was conducted use completely randomized design. Variable measured were N-NH3, VFA and microbe protein synthesis. Intake data entered in data tabulation and analyzed variance then continued by orthogonal polynomial test. Research result after ammonization indicated that acidity level and concentration of released NH3 decrease parallel with addition of molasses level, and also increase the nutrient content which was crude protein increase and crude fiber decrease. Variance analysis and Test of orthogonal polynomial result indicated that treatment of molasses addition have highly significant effect (P0.01) and linier respond to concentration of released NH3 after ammonization. Research result as in vitro indicated concentration N-NH3 and VFA total decrease while microbe protein synthesis increase. Variance analysis result indicated that molasses addition treatment at straw rice ammonization process have highly significant (P 0.01) on concentration of N-NH3, VFA total and Microbe Protein Synthesis. Test of orthogonal polynomial for molasses addition at straw rice ammonization process indicated linier respond on concentration of NH3 N-NH3 and VFA total, but microbe protein synthesis quadratic had respond (P 0,01) white regression equation Y= 52.187-1.089222X + 0.11X2 (r2) 87.27 and (r) 0.9341. Research result could conclude that molasses addition up to level 30% able to improve quality of straw rice ammonization process by NH3 fixation so that increase nutrient ingredient, decrease NH3 that lost to atmosphere, improve utilization of N-NH3 and VFA and also increase microbe protein synthesis.

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2

Karshiev, B. N., А. R. Seytnazarov, U. K. Alimov, Sh S. Namazov, A. M. Reymov, and A. A. Rasulov. "Purification of wet process phosphoric acid by desulfurization and ammonization." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 1 (January 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-134-1-24-34.

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We studied the processes of desulfurization of phosphoric acid obtained by wet process from washed and roasted concentrate and subsequent purification of acid from bivalent and trivalent metals and fluorine via partial ammonization (at pH of 2 to 4). Purified ammoniated slurry containing 16.96% P2O5, 8.06% N, 0.09% CaO, 0.58% MgO, 0.004% Fe2O3, 0.031% A12O3, 0.78% SO3 and 0.52% F was fabricated by the removal of precipitates at the stages of desulfurization and partial ammonization. The rheological properties of ammoniated slurry with 40% moisture were studied. When the temperature is increased from 40 to 800C, both the density and viscosity decrease from 1.395 to 1.365 g cm–3 and from 80.8 to 48.7 cP, respectively. Ammoniated suspension with pH of 5.5 and 8.5 was applied to prepare mono- and diammonium phosphates with the ratio P2O5:N of 52:14 and 48:18, respectively. The sludge obtained after desulfurization and ammonization processes can be used as a slow-release fertilizer.

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3

Marchenko, Boris I., Petr V. Zhuravlev, Nina K. Plugotarenko, and Aleksandra I. Yuhno. "Assessment of carcinogenic risk from exposure to chlororganic compounds of water of systems of centralized water supply." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-2-99-110.

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Introduction. The problem of providing the population with drinking water with guaranteed quality, safety, and physiological usefulness is highly relevant for many regions of Russia. The use of chlorination for disinfection of the water is a potential cause of the formation of excess concentrations of organochlorine compounds in it, including trihalogenomethanes, which leads to elevated levels of carcinogenic risk. The study’s object was: data on the content in water of centralized water supply systems of carcinogenic organochlorine compounds - chloroform, dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane. Material and methods. information on the incidence of the population of malignant neoplasms; the results of an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the preliminary ammonization method. The paper used methods of health risk assessment, variation statistics, and mathematical modeling. Results. The use of preliminary ammonization in Taganrog prevents the formation of trihalogenomethanes and ensures the maintenance of an individual multi-route carcinogenic risk at an acceptable level (9.933 · 10-6). Systematic unreasonable hyper chlorination of river water without prior ammoniation is the main reason for the excess content of chlororganic compounds and the high level of individual carcinogenic risk in the Primorsky rural settlement of the Neklinovsky District - up to 3.234 · 10-3 in 2015. Modeling on the basis of experimental chlorination of natural water indicates the high efficiency of preliminary ammonization in the disinfection mode, which ensures the content of free total active chlorine in tap water in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 mg/l. Conclusion. The high efficiency of the application of preliminary ammonization of natural water to prevent the formation of trihalogenomethanes and reduce carcinogenic risk has been confirmed. The priority factor for the formation of excess amounts of organochlorine compounds in drinking water is its hyper chlorination. Promising measures to reduce the carcinogenic risk of trihalogenomethanes in tap water include the systematic monitoring of their content, the use of preliminary ammonization, the exact dosage of chlorine, the deep purification of the source water before chlorination, the replacement of primary chlorination with ultraviolet disinfection, and others.

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4

Deryabkina, L. A., B. I. Marchenko, N. K. Plugotarenko, and A. I. Yukhno. "Assessing efficiency of pre-ammonization aimed at reducing carcinogenic risks caused by trihalomethanes in drinking water." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.08.

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In most Russian regions there is still a pressing issue related to providing population with high quality and safe drinking water. Up to now, chlorination has been the primary technique applied to disinfect drinking water as it is highly efficient, reliable, and relatively cheap. However, when chlorine is used to disinfect natural water that contains organic pollutants, it results in risks of by-products occurrence. These products are trihalomethanes, epigenetic carcinogenesis promoters that cause elevated carcinogenic risks under oral, inhalation, and subcutaneous exposure. Our research goal was to hygienically assess efficiency of pre-ammonization applied in water treatment procedures in order to prevent occurrence of carcinogenic organic chlorine compounds during chlorination and to minimize carcinogenic risks. We determined trihalomethanes and residual chlorine contents in model samples of natural water taken from a surface water source after chlorination with different doses of chlorine. We examined 52 pair parallel samples that had undergone pre-ammonization with ammonia sulfate and control ones. Trihalomethanes concentrations were determined in model water samples with gas-liquid chromatography. Basing on the results obtained via experiments on laboratory chlorination of river water, we determined quantitative characteristics and built regression models showing dependence between concentrations of organic chlorine compounds occurring due to chlorination (chloroform, dichlorobrommethane, dibromchloromethane) and chlorine doses and preammonization parameters. It was established that pre-ammonization was the most efficient in terms of preventing trihalomethanes occurrence under such disinfection modes when contents of residual active chlorine didn’t exceed recommended levels (0.8–1.2 mg/L). Basic ways to minimize carcinogenic risks caused by trihalomethanes are systemic control over their contents in drinking water during social and hygienic monitoring procedures; preliminary ammonization of water taken from surface water sources; prevention of unjustified hyper-chlorination; preliminary deep purification of initial water; disinfection with ultrasound radiation instead of preliminary chlorination; etc.

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5

Deryabkina, L. A., B. I. Marchenko, N. K. Plugotarenko, and A. I. Yukhno. "Assessing efficiency of pre-ammonization aimed at reducing carcinogenic risks caused by trihalomethanes in drinking water." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.08.eng.

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In most Russian regions there is still a pressing issue related to providing population with high quality and safe drinking water. Up to now, chlorination has been the primary technique applied to disinfect drinking water as it is highly efficient, reliable, and relatively cheap. However, when chlorine is used to disinfect natural water that contains organic pollutants, it results in risks of by-products occurrence. These products are trihalomethanes, epigenetic carcinogenesis promoters that cause elevated carcinogenic risks under oral, inhalation, and subcutaneous exposure. Our research goal was to hygienically assess efficiency of pre-ammonization applied in water treatment procedures in order to prevent occurrence of carcinogenic organic chlorine compounds during chlorination and to minimize carcinogenic risks. We determined trihalomethanes and residual chlorine contents in model samples of natural water taken from a surface water source after chlorination with different doses of chlorine. We examined 52 pair parallel samples that had undergone pre-ammonization with ammonia sulfate and control ones. Trihalomethanes concentrations were determined in model water samples with gas-liquid chromatography. Basing on the results obtained via experiments on laboratory chlorination of river water, we determined quantitative characteristics and built regression models showing dependence between concentrations of organic chlorine compounds occurring due to chlorination (chloroform, dichlorobrommethane, dibromchloromethane) and chlorine doses and preammonization parameters. It was established that pre-ammonization was the most efficient in terms of preventing trihalomethanes occurrence under such disinfection modes when contents of residual active chlorine didn’t exceed recommended levels (0.8–1.2 mg/L). Basic ways to minimize carcinogenic risks caused by trihalomethanes are systemic control over their contents in drinking water during social and hygienic monitoring procedures; preliminary ammonization of water taken from surface water sources; prevention of unjustified hyper-chlorination; preliminary deep purification of initial water; disinfection with ultrasound radiation instead of preliminary chlorination; etc.

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6

Xu, Lujiang, Qian Yao, Ying Zhang, and Yao Fu. "Producing pyridines via thermo-catalytic conversion and ammonization of glycerol over nano-sized HZSM-5." RSC Advances 6, no. 89 (2016): 86034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18603c.

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7

Chen, Siru, Yanqiang Li, Zhihua Zhang, Qiang Fu, and Xinhe Bao. "The synergetic effect of h-BN shells and subsurface B in CoBx@h-BN nanocatalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution reactions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 23 (2018): 10644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02312c.

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8

Bata, Muhamad. "Pengaruh Molases Pada Amoniasi Jerami Padi Menggunakan Urea Terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik In Vitro." Jurnal Agripet 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v8i2.610.

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The effect of molasses on ammoniated straw by using urea on dry and organic matter digestibility as in vitroABSTRACT. Aimed of this research was to find out the optimal level of molasses addition to improve quality, dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rice straw ammonization process. Materials used were rumen fluid of fistula cattle, grind of rice straw, water, urea and molasses. Research designed used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As treatments were R0: rice straw 1000 g dry matter + 500 g water + 50 g urea + 0 percent of molasses, R1: R0 + 15 percent of molasses, R2: R0 + 30 percent of molasses. Urea and molasses dissolved in water and then entered into pollybag. All pollybag observe and let for 15 days, each treatment replicated 6 times. Variable measured were dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Research result showed that ammonization product of NH3, Acidity Level and crude fiber having decreased while crude protein content increased. Variance analysis indicated that treatments had significant effect (P0.05) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Orthogonal polynomial test indicated that level of molasses increase (P0.05) of dry matter and organic matter digestibility linearly. It can be concluded that addition up to 30 percent in ammoniating of rice straw using urea can improve quality of ammonization and increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility.

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9

Yakovlev, K. A., and D. V. Mayorov. "Study of phase formation in heterogeneous synthesis of aluminum-ammonium hydroxocarbonate." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 2-2021 (December 13, 2021): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.2.5.058.

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Synthesis of ammonium aluminium carbonate hydroxide NH4AlCO3(OH)2 from hydrated alumina received by ammonization of ammonia alums NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O was studied. It was found the synthesis of NH4AlCO3(OH)2 occurs without the formation of intermediate phases.

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10

Liu, Chun Yan. "Coal Metamorphism’s Influence on Coalbed N₂ Concentration in Mining Area." Advanced Materials Research 681 (April 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.681.44.

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Based on the systematic analysis of the data of 46 coalbed gas samples, this paper discusses the coal metamorphism’s influence on coaled N2 concentration in Mining Area . The results show that:Yanshanian magma’s "baking" is the main reason for the high N2 concentration; The coal metamorphic degree enhanced, ratios of N2/CH4 present the changing rule of "increase-decrease-increase"; In coking coal stage, the liberation rate of N2 by thermal ammonization is faster than the liberation rate of CH4, so ratios of N2/CH4 increase; In meager coal stage, NH3 generated by thermal ammonization participates in the formation of ammonium illite in the form of NH4+, thus the liberation rate of N2 decreases relatively, so ratios of N2/CH4 decrease; In the lean coal stage, organic nitrogen liberates N2 by thermal cracking effect, N2 concentration increases relatively again, so ratios of N2/CH4 increase.

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11

Wu, Li Guang, Yu Fei Chen, Yang Rong, Ting Wang, and Yu Xing Wang. "Preparation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs)/Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Hybrid Membranes and their Sorption Performance of Benzene/Cyclohexane." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.550.

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Novel organic-inorganic hybrid membranes of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were successfully prepared. Then, the swelling adsorption experiments of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures were employed to evaluate the performance of these membranes. Via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), the effect of surface modification on the morphology and properties of carbon nanotubes and hybrid membranes were studied. The results indicated that the separation performance for benzene/cyclohexane of the hybrid membranes depended on both the polarity of carbon nanotubes and the distribution of MWNTs in PMMA. Because the dispersion of MWNTs were obviously improved after acidification and ammonization modification, the hybrid membranes including modified MWNTs showed higher performance than membranes with un-modified MWNTs. In addition, a large number of polar group were introduced in the MWNTs during modification of acidification and ammonization, which depressed obviously the physical adsorption of cyclohexane by MWNTs. Therefore, these two changes in the properties of MWNTs both improved the separation performance of hybrid membranes.

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12

Chang, Qi, Chun Bo Ye, Cui Feng Li, and Feng Xin. "Preparation of TS-1 Monolithic Catalysts and Activity Evaluation for Cyclohexanone Ammonization Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1323.

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The Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1)/cordierite monolithic catalysts prepared by wash coating-method were investigated by means of experiments in which we discussed the effects of TS-1 mass fraction in slurry, coating times and solvent viscosity on loading amount and adhesiveness. The results of cyclohexanone ammonization in self-made recirculating reactor showed that the activity and stability of TS-1 monolithic catalysts supported on cordierite honeycomb were better than traditional TS-1 powder in slurry reactor.

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13

Wu, Zhenyu, Dasheng Gao, and Ningning Liu. "Adsorption behavior of phosphate on anion-functionalized nanoporous polymer." Water Quality Research Journal 52, no. 3 (August 8, 2015): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.008.

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An anion-functionalized nanoporous polymer was successfully prepared by quaternary ammonization and anion-exchange treatment method. The polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and thermogravimetric analysis. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption behavior of phosphate on the polymer. The results indicated that the experimental equilibrium data can be well described by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity determined from the Langmuir model was 4.92 mg g−1. For kinetic study, the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic.

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14

Xu, Lujiang, Qian Yao, Zheng Han, Ying Zhang, and Yao Fu. "Producing Pyridines via Thermocatalytic Conversion and Ammonization of Waste Polylactic Acid over Zeolites." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 4, no. 3 (January 6, 2016): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01178.

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15

Morais, Leonardo Fiusa de, João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida, Delci de Deus Nepomuceno, Mirton José Frota Morenz, Bárbara Maria Gomes de Melo, and Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas. "Milled legume grain as urease source for the ammonization of elephant grass hay." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001200016.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of soybean (Glycine max), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as urease sources for elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay ammoniated with urea. The experimental design was completely randomized in a double factorial arrangement with one additional treatment: 4 urease source levels x 3 urease sources + 1 control. Chemical-bromatological analyses and carbohydrate fractionation were performed in the hay, and cumulative gas production in vitro was determined. There were interactions between urease level and source for neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, in which 1 and 2% jack bean lowered acid detergent fiber values, and 2% jack bean and 3% soybean reduced lignin content. The addition of milled legume grains reduces fiber components and increases non protein nitrogen content in elephant grass hay ammoniated with urea. Adding 4% milled soybean increases gas production in the soluble fraction.

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16

Yao, Qian, Lujiang Xu, Zheng Han, and Ying Zhang. "Production of indoles via thermo-catalytic conversion and ammonization of bio-derived furfural." Chemical Engineering Journal 280 (November 2015): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.094.

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17

Xu, Lujiang, Qian Yao, Jin Deng, Zheng Han, Ying Zhang, Yao Fu, George W. Huber, and Qingxiang Guo. "Renewable N-Heterocycles Production by Thermocatalytic Conversion and Ammonization of Biomass over ZSM-5." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 3, no. 11 (October 16, 2015): 2890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00841.

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18

Zhai, Yunbo, Daoxiong Pang, Hongmei Chen, Bobin Xiang, Jiajun Chen, Caiting Li, Guangming Zeng, and Lei Qiu. "Effects of ammonization on the surface physico-chemical properties of sludge-based activated carbon." Applied Surface Science 280 (September 2013): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.05.032.

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19

Pires, Aureliano José Vieira, Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho, and Leandro Sampaio Oliveira Ribeiro. "Chemical treatment of roughage." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, suppl spe (July 2010): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001300022.

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Chemical treatment of roughage has been the aim of studies for a long time. However, until nowadays, many questions are arisen due to the efficiency of additives used in relation to the variation of answers, either in nutritive value of treated roughage or in performance of animals feed with diet containing such roughage. This revision will approach the main and most used products, which are anhydrous ammonia, urea, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide. It has been noticed that ammonization (both for anhydrous ammonia and urea) has presented more efficient result in animal's performance when compared with sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. However, regarding its nutritive value, both sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide have presented a higher efficiency in the decreasing of cell wall and in the increase of treated roughage' digestibility.

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20

Pan, Jiaqi, Wei Wei, Rui Wang, Rong Huang, Chi Zhang, and Yi Cui. "An Ammonization-Based Transformation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ir(111) from Surface to Near-Surface Regions." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125, no. 43 (October 25, 2021): 23929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07277.

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21

Hindratiningrum, Novita, Muhamad Bata, and Setya Agus Santosa. "Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi." Jurnal Agripet 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v11i2.371.

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Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

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22

Zhang, Haidong, Shixiong Min, Fang Wang, and Zhengguo Zhang. "Vapor ammonization strategy towards surface-reconstructed and N-modified three-dimensional Cu foam electrocatalyst for efficient alkaline hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 4 (January 2020): 2808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.189.

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23

Borsynbayev, Askhat, Khylysh Omarov, Yedige Mustafin, David Havlícek, Zaure Absat, Aigul Muratbekova, Dauletkhan Kaikenov, Alexandr Pudov, and Nikita Shuyev. "A study of copper leaching from the tailings of the Karagaily (Republic of Kazakhstan) concentrating factory using an electric hydropulse discharge." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc210622005b.

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The method for using concentration plants tailings is proposed for the first time in this study. These tailings contain a number of valuable metals, such as Cu, Fe, Zn, etc., and are a potential raw material for obtaining concentrates of some elements. An electrohydropulse discharge was used to intensify the process of copper leaching and other metals. Ammonium bifluoride, the most effective of the ammonium salts used in copper leaching by the ammonization method, was chosen as the reagent. The influences of significant leaching parameters were studied and optimized using probabilistic deterministic planning of experiment. Based on the study findings, the following process conditions were found to be optimal: mass ratio of solid to liquid (S:L) of 1:1; Cu:F = 1:6; sulphuric acid concentration 40 g L-1; experiment duration 30 min; discharge voltage 10 kV and a leaching efficiency of 80-85 % could be achieved. Comparative features of tailings samples from the Karagaily (Republic of Kazakhstan) concentration plant were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic emission spectral analysis. The study results showed that copper was maximally transferred to the aqueous phase.

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24

Yao, Qian, Lujiang Xu, Ying Zhang, and Yao Fu. "Enhancement of indoles production and catalyst stability in thermo-catalytic conversion and ammonization of furfural with NH3 and N2 environments." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 121 (September 2016): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.08.005.

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25

Rigueira, João Paulo Sampaio, Nathália Gonçalves de Jesus, Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales, Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior, Alexandre Soares dos Santos, Fredson Vieira e. Silva, Carlos Juliano Brant Albuquerque, Marcos Felipe Pereira da Silva, Marielly Maria Almeida Moura, and Flávio Pinto Monção. "Nutritional value of pre-dried banana tree pseudostem ammoniated with protected urea." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1345.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, pH and rumen degradability of banana tree pseudostems pre-dried and ammoniated with different doses of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% in natural matter). The experiment consisted of five treatments (doses of urea) with six replications, following a completely randomized design. There was a linear increase in the pH (P < 0.01) of the banana tree pseudostems pre dried with the inclusion of urea. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients; the averages were 31.58, 18.82, 46.43, 9.30, 11.87 and 42.52%, respectively. The inclusion of 2% urea increased the crude protein content (P < 0.01) by 42.75%, the soluble fraction "a" by 31.82%, and the potential and effective degradability of dry matter by 15.49% compared to that of the control group (without urea). The potentially degradable fraction, time of colonization and ruminal repletion of the neutral detergent fiber of the pre-dried banana tree pseudostems were not altered with the inclusion of urea (P > 0.05). The ammonization of the pre-dried banana tree pseudostems with 2% of urea improved the chemical composition and rumen degradability of the dry matter.

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26

Wang, Liwei, Long Sha, Shuhui Zhang, Fan Cao, Xiaohan Ren, and Yiannis A. Levendis. "Preparation of activated coke by carbonization, activation, ammonization and thermal treatment of sewage sludge and waste biomass for SO2 absorption applications." Fuel Processing Technology 231 (June 2022): 107233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107233.

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27

Zheng, Yunwu, Donghua Li, Jida Wang, Yifei Chen, Can Liu, Yi Lu, Xu Lin, Bohan Lv, Jirong Li, and Zhifeng Zheng. "Ammonia (NH3)/nitrogen (N2) torrefaction pretreatment of waste biomass for the production of renewable nitrogen-containing chemicals via catalytic ammonization pyrolysis: Evolution of fuel-N under a N2/NH3-rich atmosphere." Journal of the Energy Institute 102 (June 2022): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.03.011.

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Ferreira, Rayanna Campos, Francisco Bezerra Neto, Fabíola Carla de Almeida, Aderbal Marcos De Azevêdo Silva, Maiza Araújo Cordão, and José Morais Pereira Filho. "Chemical composition and digestibility of hays of three grasses ammonized with urea." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB, February 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2021id5077.

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<em>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ammonization with urea on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Rhynchelytrum repens, Aristida setifolia and Eleusine indica grasses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3x2 factorial treatment (hay of three species, treated with or without urea) and five replications. The contents of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, mineral matter, lignin, total carbohydrates and digestibility were evaluated in the grass (R. repens, A. setifolia e E. indica). The treatment with urea affected (p < 0.05) most of the variables analyzed in grass hays. Hay treated with urea showed an increase in crude protein levels and the highest value was observed for the hay of Eleusine indica grass. Rhynchelytrum repens grass hay presented the highest fiber value in acid detergent, with and without urea. An increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility was observed after the use of urea. Ammonization with 5% urea improves the nutritional values of hay in Rhynchelytrum repens, Aristida setifolia and Eleusine indica grasses, increasing the levels of protein, minerals and digestibility.</em>

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Tian-Yu, ZHANG, CUI Cong, CHENG Ren-Fei, HU Min-Min, and WANG Xiao-Hui. "Fabrication of Planar Porous MXene/Carbon Composite Electrodes by Simultaneous Ammonization/Carbonization." Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.15541/jim20190298.

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30

Ursu, A. Violeta, Fabrice Gros, Denisa I. Nistor, and Gholamreza Djelveh. "Characterization and Utilization of a Commercial Clay for Ammonia Adsorption Influence of Operating Parameters on Gas Retaining." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 10 (November 9, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.10.1971.

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The aim of this paper is to study the use of a mixture of commercial clay namely K10 and a natural Romanian sodium bentonite in the adsorption of NH3 contained in air using fixed and fluidized bed gas-solid reactors. Qualitative (DRX) and quantitative (XPS, DTG) analysis were performed. Clays were agglomerated and treated with NH3. Adsorption isotherms were determined under several operating conditions. Results showed that after 70 minutes of ammonization, activated agglomerated clay exhibits a superior capacity of adsorption (2.09 mmoles NH3/g clay instead of 1.057 mmoles/g clay for natural clay). The saturation duration depends on the adsorbent bed state (fixed or fluidized bed). The mass transfer is better in fluidized bed, the clay layer being saturated more rapidly compared to the fixed bed.

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Rizal, Umesh, Bhabani S. Swain, and Bibhu P. Swain. "The role of ammonization on chemical bonding and optical properties of nickel-catalyzed gallium nitride nanowire." Applied Physics A 122, no. 4 (March 7, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9817-0.

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Gupta, M. K., R. Mittal, Baltej Singh, and S. L. Chaplot. "Effect of hydration and ammonization on the thermal expansion behavior of ZrW2O8 : Ab initio lattice dynamical perspective." Physical Review B 98, no. 22 (December 5, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.224303.

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Xu, Shaofeng, Minghua Li, Yukun Li, Xiaohan Ren, Wenkun Zhu, and Yiannis A. Levendis. "Preparation of Activated Coke by One-Step Activation Method, Ammonization, and K2CO3 Modification of Coal and Biomass." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 144, no. 1 (October 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4052617.

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Abstract Coal and biomass are regularly used in the preparation of activated coke. In this paper, coal and biomass (poplar bark) were co-pyrolyzed, and activated coke was prepared by physical “one-step activation,” followed by ammonization and additional activation by potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The activation temperature was set at 800 °C, the time was 60 min, and the activation atmosphere contained 10% steam and 20% CO2 by volume in nitrogen. The physical and chemical properties of activated coke prepared by “one-step activation method” and “two-step activation method” were compared. The mole fraction of ammonia was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, respectively, and the concentration of K2CO3 solution was 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, respectively. It is found that the addition of ammonia can improve the physical and chemical properties and adsorption capacity of activated coke, but the increase of ammonia mole fraction has little effect on the activation reaction. The physical and chemical structure of activated coke impregnated with 3% K2CO3 solution was found to be well developed. The surface of the produced activated coke prepared by the above activation methods has abundant microporous structure and organic functional groups; hence, the final product is suitable to be used as an adsorbent in practical applications.

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Mayulu, Hamdi, S. Sunarso, M. Christiyanto, and F. Ballo. "Intake and Digestibility of Cattle’s Ration on Complete Feed Based-On Fermented Ammonization Rice Straw with Different Protein Level." International Journal of Science and Engineering 4, no. 2 (March 28, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.86-91.

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Kołodziej, Anna, and Grażyna Gryglewicz. "Influence of the Surface Modification of Mesoporous Activated Carbon on the Removal of Humic Acid From Aqueous Solution." Linnaeus Eco-Tech, August 9, 2017, 926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2010.098.

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Humic acids (HA) constitute the major fraction of natural organic matter in water supplies. HA are very problematic with regard to drinking water treatment and supply since, not being completely removed by conventional treatment processes, they react with chlorine resulting in formation of carcinogenic and regulated disinfection-by products. Adsorption of brown (BHA) and gray (GHA) fractions of humic acid on starting and modified mesoporous activated carbons was investigated. BHA and GHA are fractions of humic acid extracted from young brown coal (Czech Republic) which differ essentially in their characteristics in terms of structure and physicochemical properties. Mesoporous activated carbon was modified by two ways: ammonization (AC/N) and high-temperature hydrogen treatment (AC/H). All activated carbons studied, showed higher adsorption capacity towards BHA comparing to GHA, what is attributed to the smaller molecular weight of BHA molecules, as determined by ultrafiltration method. Comparing to starting AC, nearly 2- and 2.5-fold higher removal degree of both BHA and GHA was observed for AC/N and AC/H, respectively. This observation was found to be a consequence of the increase in aromacity degree of both adsorbents, as shown by increase in the C/H atomic ratio. In the case of AC/H the electrostatic interaction between positively charged surface of AC/H and HA molecules, enhances the extent of adsorption. Adsorption results were discussed in terms of Freundlich adsorption model. The shape of isotherm indicates a strong competition for adsorption centers on AC surface between water and HA molecules, which decreased in the direction AC>AC/N>AC/H. At increased ionic strength of the solution (0.01 M NaCl), no difference in the extent of adsorption between AC/N and AC/H was observed.

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Sankar, V., Putan Singh, A. K. Patil, A. K. Verma, and Asit Das. "Effect of Feeding Solid Multi-Nutrient Blocks on Feed Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Crossbred Calves." Indian Journal of Animal Research, Of (December 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-4210.

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Background: Supplementation of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) showed promising results in improving the nutrient utilization and the productivity of animals. This offers several advantages such as easy transport, storage and handling and reduced risks of poisoning as compared with other approaches, such as giving a small amount of urea in drinking water, sprinkling of urea solution on fibrous feeds before feeding, or urea-ammonization of crop residues. These advantages of solid multi-nutrient blocks (SMB) opened up new vista to enhance productivity in terms of increased milk and meat production and higher reproductive efficiency in ruminant animal species. Keeping the above facts in view, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of feeding solid multinutrient blocks on feed intake, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical profile of crossbred calvesMethods: In this study twenty four crossbred male calves of about 14-17 months of age were divided into four groups of six animals in each group. All animals were supplied wheat straw ad lib. In addition, animals in all groups were fed a concentrate mixture to meet out their nutrient requirement. Additionally, 30 % of concentrate mixture (on CP basis) was replaced by solid multi-nutrient blocks (SMB-I), SMB-II and SMB-III in groups T1, T2 and T3, respectively. After 60 days of feeding a metabolism trial of 6 days was conducted to assess the nutrient utilization of animals. Blood samples were collected at 0, 75, 150 day of experimental feeding to determine hematological parameters, enzymes, biochemical parameters and serum mineral concentration.Result: The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF and ADF were comparable among 4 groups. The CP intake was significantly higher in SMB supplemented groups as compared to control but there was no significant difference in CP digestibility among 4 groups. All the animals in four groups were on positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. Haematobiochemical parameters like Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein, globulin, A:G, SGOT and SGPT showed non-significant differences (p greater than 0.05) among the groups, however, periodical serum concentrations of albumin, urea and creatinine was higher in crossbred calves at 75 and 150 days of experiment in comparison to 0 day. On basis of present results, it may be concluded that supplementation of SMB can replace 30% crude protein of concentrate mixture without any adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, nutrient utilization and blood biochemical profile of crossbred calves.

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Shahzoda, Turdialieva, Alimov Umarbek Kadyrbergenovich, Namazov Shafoat Sattarovich, Seytnazarov Atanazar Reypnazarovich, and Beglov Boris Mikhaylovich. "Concentrated Np- and Npk-Fertilizers Based on Kyzylkum Evaporated Phosphoric Acid, Carbamide and Potassium Chloride." Chemical Science International Journal, March 25, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2019/v26i230089.

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In the paper the processes of carboammophos and carboammophos potassium preparation based on the ammonization of the samples by evaporated wet phosphoric acid (WPA) (35.92; 40.85; 46.41; 51.07% P2O5) to pH = 5.3 (to obtain ammophos pulp) and pH = 7.0 (to obtain diammophos pulp) with subsequent addition of 70% solution of urea and crystalline potassium chloride (60% K2O) were studied. Moreover, for urea-phosphate, weight ratio of the N: P2O5: K2O ranged from 1: 0.5 to 1: 1: 1 for the N: P2O5: K2O urea-phosphate-potassium from 1: 0.7: 0.3 to 1: 1: 1. To avoid loss of ammonia, the drying of NP- and NPK slurry based on diammonium phosphate (DAP) were produced not higher than 60 °C, and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) - first at 60°C, then at 100°C to constant weight (less than 1% H2O). It is shown that on the basis of both MAP and DAP slurry are obtaining, samples of urea-phosphate similar in composition and properties. And all brands of urea-phosphate-potassium contain a high concentration of nutrients (up to 19.7% N. 19.7% P2O5 and 19.7% K2O). Phosphorus in them is in a form digestible for plants. The strength of both NPK and NPK fertilizer granules satisfies the requirements of agriculture. Such fertilizers in agriculture are in great demand Experimental Design: Determination of total,l digestible, and water soluble forms of phosphorus (P2O5total, P2O5deg. P2O5water) was performed on KFK-3 (λ= 440 nm) as phosphorus-vanadium-molybdenum complex. This method is based on measuring the light transmission of yellow phosphorus-vanadium-molybdenum complex relative to the reference solution containing a certain amount of phosphates. Slurry pH was adjusted and determined by potentiometric method on ionometer I-130M (Russia). The mass was cooled, and then scattered by the size of the particles. Granules with a size of 2-3 mm were subjected to strength testing. The static strength of the granules was determined according to State standard 21560.2-82. This method based on crushing the granules using for that specified weights on scale called MIP 10-1 (Russia), which indicate kgf/cm2 per granule. Further dried granules of the fertilizer were performed chemical analysis. Digestible forms of P2O5 were determined by solubility in both 2% citric acid and 0.2 M solution of Trilon B (EDTA). The nitrogen content in the products was determined by Kjeldahl — distillation of ammonia in an alkaline medium with Devard alloy followed by titration of 0.1N NaOH. Findings: Preparation process consists of as follow: First slurry of ammophos and diammophos were prepared by neutralization of evaporated WPA containing 35.92; 40.85; 46.41; 51.07% P2O5 to pH = 5.3 (to obtain ammophos pulp) and pH = 7.0 to obtain diammophos pulp; Second to obtain NP fertilizer 70% solution of carbamide was added to MAP and DAP slurry at 60° C followed by stirring thorough. Then NP slurry was dried not higher than 100 °C for MAP and not higher than 60 °C for DAP, respectively; Third to prepare NPK fertilizer 70% solution of urea and crystalline potassium chloride (60% K2O) were added to MAP and DAP slurries. Next NPK slurry was dried not higher than 100 °C for MAP and not higher than 60 °C for DAP, respectively; Fourth NP and NPK fertilizer were tested on static strength accordingly above mentioned study design using State standard 21560.2-82; Fifth dried granules NP and NPK fertilizers were analyzed on various form of P2O5 including N and K2O. The latter was evaluated by calculation from difference N and P2O5 accordingly weight ratio N:K and N:P2O5:K2O equal to 1:0.5; 1:0.7; 1:1 and 1:0.3:1; 1:0.5:1; 1:1:1 respectively.

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