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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ammoniac – Synthèse (chimie)"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Ammoniac – Synthèse (chimie)"
"Life-Cycle Assessment of Chemical Production Processes: A Tool for Ecological Optimization." CHIMIA 51, no. 5 (May 28, 1997): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.1997.213.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Ammoniac – Synthèse (chimie)"
Moutou, Gillian. "Chimie de l'acide cyanhydrique à partir d'un rejet industriel : synthèse des glycolonitriles, aminoacétonitrile, polyoxamide et précurseurs." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20217.
Повний текст джерелаBetton, Clélia. "Nouvelle stratégie d'extraction et de purification de l'hydrazine N2H4 de grade spatial via le procédé Raschig : synthèse, modélisations cinétiques, équilibres entre phases et schémas de procédé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10366/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work, funded by the CIBLE-Rhône-Alpes Region, in partnership with the HERAKLES-SAFRAN group, aims to develop a new method for extracting and purifying hydrazine N2H4, for space applications. This monopropellant must be of very high purity, with an upper mass composition of 99.5% hydrazine and a carbon content of less than 30 ppm.The first part of this study allowed us to identify the reactions of formation and degradation to establish a global kinetic model and determine the guiding parameters of synthesis. Knowledge of the compositions of reaction liquors function of operating conditions of the synthesis, has allowed us to position, on leaving the reactor, the overall mixing point in the diagrams of ternary and quaternary phases in order to define the optimum extraction conditions.The second part concerns the detailed thermodynamic study of the new method of extraction, which is, not to extract excess ammonia from the reaction mixture but maintain the in situ to extract the hydrazine in the liquid phase separation -liquid by solvent effect. The aim ultimately is to get a virtually anhydrous ammonia phase so as to eliminate multiple distillations and complex extraction and purification encountered in the traditional process. This new strategy is based on the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid state, in the H2O-NH3-H2O-NaOH ternary system and N2H4-NH3-NaOH quaternary system at a pressure of between 15 and 20 bar.The last part deals with the process engineering component. The operation of kinetic model and phase diagrams involved allowed us to determine the optimum conditions of synthesis and isolation, to calculate the composition of the material flow at the end of each unit operation and compare them with previous industrial processes . The process diagrams for each option have been prepared and analyzed at cost, safety and specifications obtained useful product
El, Rhess Es-Saïd. "Synthèse, mode de croissance et caractérisations physico-chimiques de microparticules monodispersés de silice dans le système SI(OC : :(2)h::(5))::(4)-nh::(3)-h::(2)o-roh." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2023.
Повний текст джерелаWei, Hua. "Développement d'électrodes innovantes pour la conversion électrocatalytique de petites molécules." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789610.
Повний текст джерелаNitrogen plays an indispensable role for all life on earth and for the development of human beings. Industrially, nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen-rich fertilisers to supplement the amount of nitrogen fixed spontaneously by nature. At present, the only industrial-scale ammonia synthesis technology is the process developed by Haber and Bosch in the early 20th century using gas phase N2 and H2 as the feeding gases. However, the Haber-Bosch process requires harsh conditions, complex equipment and high energy consumption, and operates with low conversion rates, which are inconsistent with economic and social growing development requirements. Compared to the Haber-Bosch method, electrocatalysis is one of the promising routes that can integrate electricity produced from renewable energy technologies for the production of ammonia at room temperature and ambient pressure. A specific challenge is related to the development of novel electrocatalysts/electrodes with the aim to achieve a low-cost, large-scale and delocalized production of ammonia. In view of the above key scientific issues, this PhD work focuses on three main aspects of the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR): i) engineering and design of the electrocatalyst, ii) electrode and cell design of the electrochemical device and iii) improvement and optimization of the reaction conditions, to enhance the performances of ammonia synthesis. Most of the research activities of this PhD work about synthesis and characterization of the electrocatalytic materials and assembling/testing of the electrodes in unconventional electrochemical devices were carried out at the laboratory CASPE (Laboratory of Catalysis for Sustainable Production and Energy) of the University of Messina. Moreover, during the three years, a period of 12 months was spent in cotutelle with the École supérieure de chimie, physique, électronique de Lyon (CPE Lyon), where advanced synthesis routes were explored for the preparation of organometallic-based electrocatalysts to be used as more active electrodes in NRR. The PhD thesis is organized in five main chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on N2 fixation issues and on describing the industrial Haber-Bosch process, with an overview of the general implications related to its high energy requirements. Chapter 2, instead, refers to the electrocatalytic materials developed in this PhD work for the preparation of the electrodes: 1) the Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials very promising for their peculiar characteristics of high surface area, tunable properties, organic functionality and porosity, as well as for the possibility of creating specific catalytic active sites thanks to both the functional groups and the metal ion centres; 2) the MXenes, a class of metal carbide or nitride materials with a two-dimensional (2D) structure, which have recently attracted a large interest for a broad range of applications, including catalysis and N2 fixation, for their unique properties of metallic conductivity and hydrophilic nature of the hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. In Chapters 3-5, the experimental results are presented and discussed. Chapter 3 concerns the preparation of a series of Fe-MOF-based (Fe@Zn/SIM-1) electrodes and their testing in NRR by using an advanced engineered three-phase reactor, working in gas-phase. In Chapter 4, a series of improved Fe-MOF-based materials (Fe-based and Fe-alkali metal-based MOF UiO-66-(COOH)2), synthesized by cation exchange reaction technique to replace the proton of carboxylic acid with an iron cation, are presented. Finally, Chapter 5 refers to the exploration of advanced MXene materials (Ti3C2 MXene) and to the attempt of synthesizing a 3D nanoarchitecture starting from 2D-dimensional MXene-based catalysts
Stephan, Juliette. "Synthèse sous pression dans l’ammoniac liquide, d’hydrazines substituées dissymétriques, par la voie chloramine inverse." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10030.
Повний текст джерелаThe aims of this work is the synthesis of unsymmetrical substituted hydrazine by the indirect chloramine process in liquid ammonia. The hydrazine synthesis by the direct Raschig process (monochloramine/amines) is general, selective and little polluting but it presents limits in concentrations (2 to 5%) related to the low titles of the hypochlorite solution and to the instability of the monochloramine. This work studies the opposite process it’s consists to carrying out the reaction in liquid ammonia under pressure starting from pure substituted chloramines. The study was carried out in alkaline water medium and in anhydrous ammonia. - A kinetic study in aqueous medium of the formation and degradation reactions made possible the identification of the products and a kinetic model was established - In the second case, a specific unit of synthesis under pressure was developed. The experimental results and their interpretation put at fault the usually allowed assumptions in the literature. The associated reactional mechanisms were elucidated and a new total diagram of synthesis were elaborated
Bayssade, Sylvie. "Synthèse et réactivité des mono- et diylures d'ammonium." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20181.
Повний текст джерелаSellemi, Houssem. "Synthèse par chimie douce et caractérisations microstructurale et électrique du conducteur anionique La2Mo2O9." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1032/document.
Повний текст джерелаLa2Mo2O9 based oxides (LAMOX) exhibit high ionic conductivity but can be mixed conductors if they are reduced under low-oxygen atmosphere. In this work, new synthesis methods of La2Mo2O9 by soft chemistry (sol gel route and polyol process) are optimized to facilitate the sample shaping depending on the desired application.Concerning the sol gel syntheses, pure La2Mo2O9 compound was obtained from lanthanum acetate and ammonium molybdate or molybdenum chloride. The influence of several synthesis parameters was determined. The addition of two surfactants was tested: dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) and F127. The final powders are almost pure after heat treatment at 950 °C for 2 hours, which prevents from high specific surface areas.In the case of the polyol process, pure La2Mo2O9 was obtained as desert roses by agglomeration of very fine polycrystalline platelets built from crystallites of a few tens of nanometers size, after a heat treatment at a lower temperature of about 550°C. The effect of various parameters on the morphology and purity of the powder was tested. In particular, agglomerated spherical particles have been obtained using ethylene glycol as solvent in the presence of urea. The addition of DDAB surfactant enables a doubling the specific surface area comparatively to samples without surfactant, from 16 to 30 m2.g-1. Finally, first tests were carried out as attempts to obtain thin films by centrifugation.Conductivity measurements were recorded on pellets presenting closed porosity (relative density greater than 92%), obtained without the help of a milling step. Conductivity measurements showed that, depending on the synthesis parameters, the grain conductivity can be slightly increased.The study of the reducibility, under diluted H2, of powders resulting from the synthesis by the polyol process, shows that the oxygen losses are faster and larger than with powders synthesized by solid state reaction. Reoxidation of amorphous powders is also faster and occurs at much lower temperature in the case of powders obtained by the polyol pathway
Petit, Jean-Fabien. "Etude de la stabilité thermique de l’ammoniaborane : de la synthèse aux caractérisations thermogravimétriques et spectroscopiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS256.
Повний текст джерелаBoron and nitrogen based-materials offer a great potential and interest in energy applications and in particular in the field of hydrogen storage. The ammonia borane (NH3BH3) was revealed, in the mid 2000s, as a material with high gravimetric (19.6%m) and volumetric (140 g.L-1) capacities in hydrogen. During the analysis of the literature we realized that all studies on ammonia borane treated on its thermal destabilization, so we chose an original approach by focusing our work on the thermal stabilization of ammonia borane. My thesis work focused on the synthesis of ammonia borane to identify the best synthesis parameters (boron and nitrogen precursors, solvent, and temperature) for the highest possible onset temperature. Indeed, by varying some precursors we observed a change in the onset temperature and therefore in the thermal stability of the ammonia borane. After determining the best synthesis parameters we undertook thermal and thermolytic studies to understand which factor(s) is(are) responsible for the stabilization's differences. For this, we performed thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometer studies to determine the dehydrogenation mechanism and studies in isothermal conditions to verify the stability of our ammonia boranes. Thirdly we performed a spectroscopic study by XPS and solid state MAS-NMR of boron 11 and nitrogen 15. These studies allowed us to identify a new mechanism of dehydrogenation of ammonia borane for experiments in isothermal conditions
BENCHRIFA, RACHID. "Synthese hydrothermale et caracterisation de composes a valence mixte du vanadium, du molybdene et du tungstene associes a l'ion ammonium. Leur modification par chimie douce." Le Mans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LEMA1001.
Повний текст джерелаBerlot, Isabelle. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude électrochimique de tensioactifs dérivés du pyrrole." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10087.
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