Статті в журналах: "Amf. smat"

1

Alam, Mohammad Zahangeer, and Malancha Dey (Roy). "The reduction of abiotic stress in food crops through climate-smart mycorrhiza-enriched biofertilizer." AIMS Microbiology 10, no. 3 (2024): 674–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2024031.

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<p>Climate change enhances stress in food crops. Recently, abiotic stress such as metalloid toxicity, salinity, and drought have increased in food crops. Mycorrhizal fungi can accumulate several nutrients within their hyphae through a symbiotic relationship and release them to cells in the root of the food crops under stress conditions. We have studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-enriched biofertilizers as a climate-smart technology option to increase safe and healthy food production under abiotic stress. AMF such as <italic>Glomus sp</italic>., <italic>Rhizophagus sp</italic>., <italic>Acaulospora morrowiae</italic>, <italic>Paraglomus occultum</italic>, <italic>Funneliformis mosseae</italic>, and <italic>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</italic> enhance growth and yield in food crops grown in soils under abiotic stress. AMF also works as a bioremediation material in food crops grown in soil. More precisely, the arsenic concentrations in grains decrease by 57% with AMF application. In addition, AMF increases mineral contents, and antioxidant activities under drought and salinity stress in food crops. Catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased by 45% and 70% in AMF-treated plants under drought stress. AMF-enriched biofertilizers are used in crop fields like precision agriculture to reduce the demand for chemical fertilizers. Subsequently, AMF-enriched climate-smart biofertilizers increase nutritional quality by reducing abiotic stress in food crops grown in soils. Consequently, a climate resilience environment might be developed using AMF-enriched biofertilizers for sustainable livelihood.</p>

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2

Krasuski, Krzysztof, Wojciech Krajewski, and Tomasz Błażejczyk. "Influence of contacts’ orientation on the AMF distribution in inter-contact gaps of VCBs." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2018.5269.

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3

Zamay, Tatiana, Sergey Zamay, Natalia Luzan, Victoriya Fedotovskaya, Albert Masyugin, Fyodor Zelenov, Anastasia Koshmanova, et al. "Magnetic Nanoscalpel for the Effective Treatment of Ascites Tumors." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 4 (March 24, 2023): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040179.

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One of the promising novel methods for radical tumor resection at a single-cell level is magneto-mechanical microsurgery (MMM) with magnetic nano- or microdisks modified with cancer-recognizing molecules. A low-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) remotely drives and controls the procedure. Here, we present characterization and application of magnetic nanodisks (MNDs) as a surgical instrument (“smart nanoscalpel”) at a single-cell level. MNDs with a quasi-dipole three-layer structure (Au/Ni/Au) and DNA aptamer AS42 (AS42-MNDs) on the surface converted magnetic moment into mechanical and destroyed tumor cells. The effectiveness of MMM was analyzed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro and in vivo using sine and square-shaped AMF with frequencies from 1 to 50 Hz with 0.1 to 1 duty-cycle parameters. MMM with the “Nanoscalpel” in a sine-shaped 20 Hz AMF, a rectangular-shaped 10 Hz AMF, and a 0.5 duty cycle was the most effective. A sine-shaped field caused apoptosis, whereas a rectangular-shaped field caused necrosis. Four sessions of MMM with AS42-MNDs significantly reduced the number of cells in the tumor. In contrast, ascites tumors continued to grow in groups of mice and mice treated with MNDs with nonspecific oligonucleotide NO-MND. Thus, applying a “smart nanoscalpel” is practical for the microsurgery of malignant neoplasms.

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4

Gao, Qin, Wensheng Xie, Yu Wang, Dan Wang, Zhenhu Guo, Fei Gao, Lingyun Zhao, and Qiang Cai. "A theranostic nanocomposite system based on radial mesoporous silica hybridized with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for targeted magnetic field responsive chemotherapy of breast cancer." RSC Advances 8, no. 8 (2018): 4321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12446e.

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5

Cimpoeşu, Nicanor, Adela Ioana Ursanu, Sergiu Stanciu, Ramona Cimpoeşu, Boris Constantin, Ciprian Paraschiv, and Silviu Octavian Gurlui. "Preliminary Results of Copper Based Shape Memory Alloys Analyze Used for MEMS Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.368.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are commonly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Having the unique shape memory, super-elastic affects and now damping capacity SMAs have become an important smart material for a broad range of engineering applications in last years. Copper based SMAs are promising alloys, based on the obtaining price and good characteristic properties. Shape memory alloys as thin films are used for fast actuation in applications due to their high surface to volume ratio comparing to bulk SMAs. In this paper two shape memory alloys based on copper, proposed as targets in different deposition processes to obtain MEMS and with different chemical composition, are analyzed through scanning electrons microscope (SEM), XRD and EDAX considerations after water quenching and recovery heat treatments. The martensite variants are dimensioned and 3D aspects are also analyzed for both metallic materials. The metallic phases obtained after heat treatment are determined and compare in both thermal influenced cases.

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6

Irfan, Muhammad, Suzanne Martin, Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi, Scott Miller, Frank Kuster, Dermot Brabazon, and Izabela Naydenova. "A Magnetic Nanoparticle-Doped Photopolymer for Holographic Recording." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091858.

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Functionalised holograms are important for applications utilising smart diffractive optical elements for light redirection, shaping and in the development of sensors/indicators. This paper reports on holographic recording in novel magnetic nanocomposites and the observed temperature change in dry layers and liquid samples exposed to alternating magnetic field (AMF). The nanocomposite consists of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA)-based polymer doped with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and local heating is achieved through magnetic induction. Here, volume transmission holographic gratings (VTHGs) are recorded with up to 24% diffraction efficiency (DE) in the dry layers of magnetic nanocomposites. The dry layers and liquid samples are then exposed to AMF. Efficient heating was observed in the liquid samples doped with Fe3O4 MNPs of 20 nm average size where the temperature increased from 27 °C to 64 °C after 300 s exposure to 111 mT AMF. The temperature increase in the dry layers doped with the same nanoparticles after exposure to 4.4 mT AMF was observed to be 6 °C. No temperature change was observed in the undoped layers. Additionally, we have successfully recorded Denisyuk holograms in the magnetic nanocomposite materials. The results reveal that the magnetic nanocomposite layers are suitable for recording holograms and need further optimisation in developing holographic indicators for mapping AMFs.

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7

Kameoka, Hiromu, Taro Maeda, Nao Okuma, and Masayoshi Kawaguchi. "Structure-Specific Regulation of Nutrient Transport and Metabolism in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 10 (June 26, 2019): 2272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz122.

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Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with most land plants, mainly for the purpose of nutrient exchange. Many studies have revealed the regulation of processes in AMF, such as nutrient absorption from soil, metabolism and exchange with host plants, and the genes involved. However, the spatial regulation of the genes within the structures comprising each developmental stage is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the structure-specific transcriptome of the model AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis. We performed an ultra-low input RNA-seq analysis, SMART-seq2, comparing five extraradical structures, germ tubes, runner hyphae, branched absorbing structures (BAS), immature spores and mature spores. In addition, we reanalyzed the recently reported RNA-seq data comparing intraradical mycelium and arbuscule. Our analyses captured the distinct features of each structure and revealed the structure-specific expression patterns of genes related to nutrient transport and metabolism. Of note, the transcriptional profiles suggest distinct functions of BAS in nutrient absorption. These findings provide a comprehensive dataset to advance our understanding of the transcriptional dynamics of fungal nutrition in this symbiotic system.

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8

Wang, Zhong Xiao, and Jing Sun. "Application Research of Stadiums Smart Lighting System Based on ZigBee." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1281.

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This lighting system is a versatile remote control for stadiums smart lighting application. This paper describes the design of a high-brightness LED system, which demonstrates wireless communication using Freescale’s MC13213 device, high-brightness LED dimming control using Freescale’s MM908E625 and the 3-axis acceleration sensor MMA7260QT from Freescale. Advantages of using LED lighting are a long operating life, no fragile glass, no mercury, and low-voltage DC operation. In the system, each wireless part communicates over the RF medium using the freely available software stack SMAC from Freescale. At last , the paper analysis the dimming and itensity of the smart lighting system.

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9

Ziegler, Richard, Shaista Ilyas, Sanjay Mathur, Gerardo Goya, and Jesús Fuentes-García. "Remote-Controlled Activation of the Release through Drug-Loaded Magnetic Electrospun Fibers." Fibers 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2024): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib12060048.

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The integration of magnetic nanoparticles within fibrillar structures represents an interesting avenue for the remotely controlled release of therapeutic agents. This work presents a novel drug release platform based on electrospun magnetic fibers (EMFs) combining drugs, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for controlled drug delivery via alternating magnetic fields (AMF). The platform was demonstrated to be versatile and effective for hydrophilic ketorolac (KET) and hydrophobic curcumin (CUR) encapsulation and the major response observed for AMF-triggered release was reached using drug-loaded MSNs within the fibers, providing fine control over drug release patterns. The EMFs exhibited excellent inductive heating capabilities, showing a temperature increase of ∆T up to 8 °C within a 5 min AMF pulse. The system is shown to be promising for applications like transdermal pain management, oncological drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing, enabling precise control over drug release in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the development of the next generation of smart drug delivery systems, based in multifunctional materials that can be remotely regulated and potentially revolutionize the field of nanomedicine.

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10

Kortelainen, Tiina, Hilkka Siljander-Rasi, Mikko Tuori, and Kirsi Partanen. "Mustasotilaskärpäsen toukkajauhon (Hermetia illucens) aminohappojen sulavuus porsailla." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 33 (January 31, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75174.

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ICOPP -tutkimushankkeessa tehdyn kokeen tavoitteena oli määrittää luonnonmukaisesti tuotetun, EU:ssa sioille toistaiseksi kielletyn eläinperäisen rehuaineen, mustasotilaskärpäsen (Hermetia illucens) toukista valmistetun jauhon, aminohappojen standardoitu ohutsuolisulavuus porsailla. Jauhot oli tuotettu FiBL -luomututkimuslaitoksessa Sveitsissä. Kokeessa oli kaksi hiilihydraattipohjaisella alustalla kasvatettua toukkaerää, joista ensimmäisessä rasva oli erotettu mekaanisesti, toisessa heksaaniuutolla. Koe-eläiminä oli 40 risteytysporsasta (alkupaino 17 kg) pariruokinnalla. Koeruokintoja oli viisi: 1) vähäproteiininen rehu aminohappojen endogeenisen perustason erityksen määritystä varten, 2) rehu, jossa oli erän 1 toukkajauhoa 10,2 %, 3) rehu, jossa oli erän 1 toukkajauhoa 20,4 %, 4) rehu, jossa oli erän 2 toukkajauhoa 9,3 % ja 5) rehu, jossa oli erän 2 toukkajauhoa 18,6 % rehun kuiva-aineessa (KA). Ryhmien 2‒5 rehuissa oli lisäksi heravalkuaisjauhetta 22,9 % rehun KA:ssa. Kokeen lopussa siat lopetettiin aminohappojen ohutsuolisulavuuden määrittämistä varten. Erän 1 toukkajauho sisälsi 629 g raakavalkuaista, 185 g raakarasvaa, 318 g NDF ja 51 g tuhkaa/kg KA. Vastaavat arvot toisen erän toukkajauholle olivat 705 g, 90 g, 287 ja 53 g/kg KA. Hyönteisten sisältämä kuitu on selluloosaa muistuttavaa kitiiniä ja siihen sitoutuneen typen (ADF-N) käyttökelpoisuus on huono. Kokeen toukkajauhojen kokonaistypestä noin 12 % oli ADF-typpeä. Erän 1 toukkajauhossa oli 31,7 g lysiiniä, 24,3 g treoniinia, 12,0 g metioniinia, 3,5 g kystiiniä ja 39,6 g/kg KA valiinia. Vastaavat arvot toisen erän toukkajauholle olivat 37,8 g, 27,4 g, 14,1 g, 3,7 g ja 44,2 g/kg KA. Toukkaerä, toukkajauhon lisäystaso tai porsaiden sukupuoli eivät vaikuttaneet koedieettien aminohappojen näennäiseen ohutsuolisulavuuteen (AID). Mekaanisesti erotetun toukkajauhon (erä 1) standardoidut (SID) aminohappojen ohutsuolisulavuudet olivat suurempia verrattuna heksaaniuutettuun toukkajauhoon (erä 2). Välttämättömien aminohappojen SID oli ensimmäisessä toukkajauhoerässä 81,3 ‒ 94,8 % ja toisessa toukkajauhoerässä 64,0 – 81,8 %. Lysiinin standardoitu ohutsuolisulavuus oli ensimmäisessä toukkajauhoerässä 81,3 %, metioniinin 90,7 %, kystiinin 49,8 %, treoniinin 82,5 % ja valiinin 92,9 %. Vastaavat sulavuudet toisessa toukkajauhoerässä olivat 77,2 %, 81,8 %, -10,8 %, 64,0 % ja 73,6 %. Mustasotilaskärpäsen toukkien käyttö valkuaisrehuna edellyttää rasvan erottamista, koska toukat sisältävät noin 380 g raakarasvaa/kg ka. Mekaaninen rasvan erotus on aminohappojen sulavuudelle edullisempi kuin heksaaniuutto. Kitiiniin sitoutunut käyttökelvoton typpi on huomioitava ruokinnan suunnittelussa. Kalajauhoon verrattuna toukkajauhossa on vähemmän välttämättömiä aminohappoja ja niiden sulavuus on huonompi. Toukkajauhon tuotannon kannattavuutta tulisi selvittää.

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11

Michaud, Veronique. "Recent developments on Smart Composites with embedded SMA wires and FBG sensors(International Workshop on Smart Materials and Structural Systems, W03 Jointly organized by Material & Processing Division, Material & Mechanics Division, Dynamics & Control Division and Space Engineering Division.)." Reference Collection of Annual Meeting 2004.8 (2004): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjsm.2004.8.0_280.

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12

Yu, Yue Min, and Xian Sheng Ji. "Design and Analysis of a Microgripper Based on Smart Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.983.

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Smart materials are a group of solid-state materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of heat, light, electric field, or magnetic field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. The most common smart materials are piezoelectrics, magnetostrictive, and SMAs. In this paper, a microgripper is designed based right angle flexure hinge and driven through piezoelectric ceramic stack. The calculation formulas of amplifying ratio and natural frequency of the microgripper structure were derived. From the analysis, the maximum stress is 147Mpa that under the allowable stress of 65Mn. It can work in a stable status.The results indicate that, the microgripper all are satisfy the need of design .

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13

Dhaygude, Rohit H., Avinash M. Gaikwad, Suraj Y. Gawali, and Prof Jawed H. Shaikh. "Smart Home Security & Face Recognition." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 4 (April 11, 2024): 4009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0424.1023.

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14

Vaishnav, Dr Kavita Umesh, Dr Khushee Dipak Kothari, Dr Pranay M. Patel, Dr Zaryab M. Qureshi, Dr Meet K. Radadial, and Dr Hetavi B. Patel. "Unveiling the Significance of Body Mass Index in Diagnosis of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Hidden Link." BJKines National Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 15, no. 02 (December 10, 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/20231204.

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Background & Aims: The superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is an uncommon syndrome characterized by the compression of the third part of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and abdominal aorta with resultant proximal duodenal dilatation. The radiological diagnosis of the SMAS is based on reduced angle and distance between the SMA and aorta in presence of proximal duodenal dilatation. A reduction in these is closely associated with depletion of the mesenteric fat between the vessels. Our primary aim is to establish the relationship, if any, of body mass index (BMI) with the angle and distance between the SMA and abdominal aorta in general population. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 200 patients who had undergone contrast enhanced computed tomography for various other complaints. Various parameters such as aortomesenteric distance (AMD) and aortomesenteric angle (AMA) along with the body mass indices were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the relationship between BMI, AMD and AMA. Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient for BMI and AMD was 0.868, indicating strong positive correlation and 0.577 for BMI and AMA, indicating moderate positive correlation. Furthermore, AMD and AMA also showed positive correlation with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.568. Conclusion: There is significant positive correlation of BMI with AMD and AMA in general population suggesting people with low BMI are at an increased risk of developing SMAS. Keywords: Aortomesenteric angle, Aortomesenteric Distance, Body mass index, Superior mesenteric Artery Syndrome. Computed Tomography

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15

Caselli, Lucrezia, Marco Mendozza, Beatrice Muzzi, Alessandra Toti, Costanza Montis, Tommaso Mello, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli, Carla Ghelardini, Claudio Sangregorio, and Debora Berti. "Lipid Cubic Mesophases Combined with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Hybrid Multifunctional Platform with Tunable Magnetic Properties for Nanomedical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179268.

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Hybrid materials composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and lipid self-assemblies possess considerable applicative potential in the biomedical field, specifically, for drug/nutrient delivery. Recently, we showed that SPIONs-doped lipid cubic liquid crystals undergo a cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition under the action of temperature or of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This transition triggers the release of drugs embedded in the lipid scaffold or in the water channels. In this contribution, we address this phenomenon in depth, to fully elucidate the structural details and optimize the design of hybrid multifunctional carriers for drug delivery. Combining small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with a magnetic characterization, we find that, in bulk lipid cubic phases, the cubic-to-hexagonal transition determines the magnetic response of SPIONs. We then extend the investigation from bulk liquid-crystalline phases to colloidal dispersions, i.e., to lipid/SPIONs nanoparticles with cubic internal structure (“magnetocubosomes”). Through Synchrotron SAXS, we monitor the structural response of magnetocubosomes while exposed to an AMF: the magnetic energy, converted into heat by SPIONs, activates the cubic-to-hexagonal transition, and can thus be used as a remote stimulus to spike drug release “on-demand”. In addition, we show that the AMF-induced phase transition in magnetocubosomes steers the realignment of SPIONs into linear string assemblies and connect this effect with the change in their magnetic properties, observed at the bulk level. Finally, we assess the internalization ability and cytotoxicity of magnetocubosomes in vitro on HT29 adenocarcinoma cancer cells, in order to test the applicability of these smart carriers in drug delivery applications.

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16

Wang, Hu, Yun Xia Wu, Chen Shuo Ma, and Zhao Lin Zhan. "Research Progress of Surface Nanocrystallization on Metallic Materials by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.406.

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In terms of the grain refinement mechanism caused by plastic deformation, and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was developed for synthesizing a nanostructured surface layer on metallic materials to improve the overall performance and properties. Moreover, the SMAT can accomplish chemical heat treatment at low temperature due to the formation of nanocrystalline. Research progress of surface nanocrystallization on metallic materials by surface mechanical attrition treatment will be describe in terms of basic principle, the workpiece process and chemical heat treatment, etc. Further development and prospects will be solving about the SMAT.

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17

Bawankiewicz, Wiktor. "The bitter taste of the war Memories." Acta Medicorum Polonorum 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/amp.2023/5.

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18

Bouillard, Théophile, Anaclet Turatsinze, Jean-Paul Balayssac, Ahmed Toumi, Olivier Helson, and Xavier Bourbon. "Mechanical properties and self-sensing ability of amorphous metallic fiber-reinforced concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236402004.

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The aim of this research work is to develop a corrosion resistant fiber-reinforced concrete for radioactive waste disposal structures. In the case of precast concrete, the use of fibers is a solution to reduce the amount of steel reinforcement while maintaining high mechanical performance and durability. Concrete has a low strain capacity and a limited tensile strength. Generally, reinforcing bars are used to ensure tensile strength. A fiber reinforcement can also help to overcome such a mechanical weakness. For this purpose, an amorphous metallic fiber (AMF), corrosion-resistant and suitable for application in severe environment conditions are used. The fresh and hardened properties of the self-compacting fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) are studied with volume fractions of AMF of 0% and 0.28% and with three different aspect ratios (82, 114 and 123). Flexural tensile tests according to European standard EN 14651 are conducted to quantify the contribution of the fiber reinforcement on the residual flexural tensile strength. Since these fibers are electrically conductive, they are also tested to design a smart concrete. For this purpose, electrical resistance of specimens submitted to cyclic flexural loadings are monitored using a Wheatstone bridge.

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19

Hao, Guo Dong, Yong Liang Guo, Gang Liu, and Xin Mei Zhang. "Properties of Composite Ceramic Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Surface Nanocrystallization/Micro-Arc Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.67.

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Nanostructured surface layer was produced on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique, and the composite ceramic coatings of surface nanocrystallization/ micro-arc oxidation (SNC/MAO) were prepared on the nanocrystallized surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by pulsed single-polar micro-arc oxidation in NaAlO2 solution. XRD, SEM and TEM techniques were used to investigate the phase and surface morphology of ceramic coatings and the influences on the surface state of the alloys. Meantime, the mechanical properties of Ti alloys were measured by tensile test. The results show that after the SMAT treatment for a short period of time, the surface layer was refined into ultrafine grains. The influences of the SMAT technique on the surface morphology of the ceramic coatings were also studied. The ceramic coatings are mainly composed of Al2TiO5, more compact and less porous than those untreated. The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by SMAT technique are improved, compared with those untreated by SMAT technique.

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Zhang, Jin Xue, and Guo Dong Hao. "Preperation of Ceramic Coatings on Ti Alloy by Surface Nanocrystallization/Micro-Arc Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1821.

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Nanostructured surface layer was produced on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT) technique, and the composite ceramic coatings of surface nanocrystallization/micro-arc oxidation(SNC/MAO) were prepared on the nanocrystallized surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by pulsed single-polar micro-arc oxidation in NaAlO2 solution. XRD, SEM and TEM techniques were used to investigate the phase and surface morphology of ceramic coatings and the influences on the surface state of the alloys. Meantime, the mechanical properties of Ti alloys were measured by tensile test. The results show that after the SMAT treatment for a short period of time, the surface layer was refined into ultrafine grains. The influences of the SMAT technique on the surface morphology of the ceramic coatings were also studied. The ceramic coatings are mainly composed of Al2TiO5, more compact and less porous than those untreated. The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by SMAT technique are improved, compared with those untreated by SMAT technique.

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Wen, Ming, Cui'e Wen, Peter D. Hodgson, and Yun Cang Li. "Wear Behaviour of Pure Ti with a Nanocrystalline Surface Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1500.

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A nanocrystalline (NC) layer with the thickness of 30 µm was produced on pure titanium surface by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Microstructure observation indicated that the grain size increases with depth from the treated surface. The friction coefficient decreases and the wear resistance increases with the SMAT sample as compared to its coarse-grained counterpart. The improvement of the wear properties could be attributed to the higher hardness of SMAT sample.

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22

Wang, Jun Peng, Chun Hua Xu, Xiang Li Li, and San Qiang Shi. "Growth of Nanostructure on Cu_0.62Zn_0.38 after SMAT during Thermal Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.498.

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Commercial Cu0.62Zn0.38foil was subjected to surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) processing. The original and SMAT Cu0.62Zn0.38foils are thermally oxidized at 500°C under N2-5%O2gas environments, at a pressure of 1 atm for 3 hours. The oxidized specimens were characterized with a scanning electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer. It is found that nanosheets are easily formed on the SMAT specimen surface. The favorable formation of nanosheets relates to twin–matrix lamellae structure.

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23

Li, Shaoying, Mei Wan, Xu Cao, and Yongsheng Ren. "Expression of AIF and HtrA2/Omi in Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0003-oar1.1.

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Abstract Context.—The pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma may involve deregulation of apoptosis. In response to apoptotic stimuli, several proapoptotic proteins are released into the cytoplasm from the mitochondria, including second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and high temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi). Apoptosis-inducing factor promotes apoptosis through a caspase-independent pathway, while Smac/DIABLO and HtrA2/Omi do so through both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Smac/DIABLO was reported to be strongly positive in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and virtually absent in small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL). Little is known about the expression of AIF and HtrA2/Omi in lymphomas. Objective.—To evaluate the expression of AIF and HtrA2/Omi in SLL and DLBCL. Design.—Twenty-three DLBCLs, 20 SLLs/CLLs, and 10 benign lymph nodes were evaluated for AIF and HtrA2/Omi expression by immunohistochemical staining. Results.—Apoptosis-inducing factor was strongly and diffusely expressed in 19 of 23 (83%) cases of DLBCL with comparable expression pattern between germinal center–like and non-germinal center–like subgroups. Apoptosis-inducing factor was weakly positive in 15 of 20 (75%) cases of SLL/CLL with increased intensity in pseudofollicles. In contrast, HtrA2/Omi was weakly expressed in SLL/CLL (17 of 20; 85%) and DLBCL (18 of 23; 78%). Conclusions.—The different expression level and pattern of AIF and HtrA2/Omi in SLL/CLL and DLBCL may suggest different apoptotic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of these diseases. HtrA2/Omi does not appear to be a major player in the regulation of apoptosis of DLBCL and SLL/CLL.

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Cheung, K. P., J. Silvanus, San Qiang Shi, and Jian Lu. "Study on Mechanical Properties of 2024 Al Sheet Treated by SMAT." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.257.

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SMAT is applied as an innovation surface enhancement technology to introduce compressive stress in metallic materials. The strengthening effects of SMAT in mechanical properties were investigated on aluminium alloy. The yield strength obtained under tensile test had significant improvement which may achieve up to 440 MPa. In this paper, the experimental setup and results will be briefly described. Tensile properties measured before and after SMAT at ambient temperature. Results show that the highest strength that can be attained is 544 MPa by SMATed sheet of 1 mm thickness for 15 minutes and 518 MPa for the 2.5 mm one SMATed with 45 minutes, with the desirable ductility. The present study demonstrates this high strength and corrosion resistance aluminium alloy can be a potential candidate for applications in aviation industries.

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Cao, Gang, Zhaoming Lu, Xiangming Wen, Tao Lei, and Zhiqun Hu. "AIF: An Artificial Intelligence Framework for Smart Wireless Network Management." IEEE Communications Letters 22, no. 2 (February 2018): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2776917.

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Zhang, Cong Hui, Da Li Liu, Xin Zhe Lan, and Xi Cheng Zhao. "Study on the Structure and Properties of Surface Nanocrystallized Zr-4." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.660.

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A nanostructured surface layer was obtained on the surface of Zr-4 by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT). The structure and the properties of the SMAT sample were analyzed by means of the optical microscope, hardness and polarization curve testing. The results show that， when processing time for 5min, the average grain sizes on the surface layer can be refined to 23nm. The average grain size by SMAT-ed for 15min is 20nm, which is the smallest. The microhardness have a significant increase, the surface roughness also increase, and the corrosion resistance reduce in 1mol H2SO4solution.

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Rinne, Marketta, Pekka Huhtanen, and Juha Nousiainen. "Karkearehujen sulavuuden määritys tarkentunut." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 23 (January 31, 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.76939.

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Karkearehujen sulavuus vaikuttaa merkittävästi rehujen energia- ja valkuaisarvoihin, syöntipotentiaaliinja rehua syövien lehmien maidontuotantoon. Sulavuuden luotettava määrittäminen on siis erittäintärkeää rehujen tuotantovaikutuksen määrittämiseksi ja ruokinnan taloudellisen optimoinnin lähtötietona.Tässä kirjoituksessa käsitellään märehtijöiden ruokinnassa käytettävien karkearehujen sulavuudenmäärittämistä.Karkearehujen sulavuuden referenssimenetelmänä käytetään lampailla in vivo ruokinnan ylläpitotasollasuoritettua sulavuuskoetta, jossa sulavuus lasketaan eläinten syömän ja sonnassa erittyneenravintoaineen määrän erotuksena. Rehujen sulavuutta voidaan arvioida erilaisin laboratorioanalyysein,jotka jäljittelevät eläinten ruoansulatuskanavassa tapahtuvaa rehun sulatusta. Tässä tutkimusaineistossaon mukana 86 säilörehua noin 10 vuoden ajalta, joiden sulavuus on määritetty lampailla in vivo jamonipuolisesti laboratoriomenetelmin. Karkearehutyypeistä mukana ovat nurmisäilörehu ensimmäisestäsadosta ja jälkisadosta, puna-apila- ja kokoviljasäilörehu.Yksittäisten kemiallisten komponenttien (RV, NDF, ADF, ligniini) yhteydet sulavuuteen eivätole riittäviä sulavuuden ennustamiseen. Biologiset laboratoriomenetelmät orgaanisen aineen pepsiinisellulaasiliukoisuus(OMS) ja sulamattoman kuidun pitoisuus (iNDF) sen sijaan ennustivat karkearehujenorgaanisen aineen sulavuuden riittävän tarkasti käytännön ruokinnansuunnittelua varten. Ennusteidentarkkuus parani merkittävästi, kun analyysitulokset muunnettiin sulavuudeksi rehutyyppikohtaisiakorjausyhtälöitä käyttäen eli erikseen ensimmäisestä sadosta ja jälkikasvusta tehdyille nurmisäilörehuille,palkokasvisäilörehuille ja kokoviljasäilörehuille. Rehutyyppikohtaiset korjausyhtälöt ovattilasäilörehujen D-arvon määrityksen taustalla Artturi-analyysissä. Tässä kirjoituksessa esitettyihinyhtälöihin perustuen on myös laadittu MS Excel –pohjainen tiedosto, joka on käytettävissä Artturi®-verkkopalvelussa (www.mtt.fi/artturi).Kuidun (NDF) ja sulamattoman kuidun (iNDF) määrityksen kautta rehun orgaaninen aine saadaanjaettua kolmeen biologisesti mielekkääseen osaan: NDS (orgaaninen aine - kuitu), potentiaalisestisulava kuitu (NDF - iNDF) ja iNDF. Solunsisällysaineiden todellinen sulavuus on lähes täydellinen jasen vaihtelu on hyvin pientä. Kuidun sulavuus sen sijaan on selvästi vähäisempää ja vaihtelevampaa,eli rehujen sulavuuden määrityksessä oleellista on nimenomaan kuidun pitoisuuden ja sulavuudenselvittäminen. Rehutyyppikohtaiset summatiiviset mallit ennustivat karkearehujen D-arvon lähes yhtähyvin kuin OMS ja iNDF. Kun koko aineistoa tarkasteltiin yhdessä, summatiiviset mallit olivat parempiakuin iNDF ja erityisesti OMS.Tutkimuksen tuloksena käytännön tilarehujen analytiikka on merkittävästi tarkentunut, kunNIRS-kalibroinnin referenssimenetelmän luotettavuutta on pystytty parantamaan. Aikaisempi ensimmäisensadon D-arvon aliarvostus ja jälkisadon yliarvostus on saatu poistettua. Analyysin tarkkuudessaollaan lähestymässä lampailla tehtävien sulavuuskokeiden keskimääräistä satunnaisvirhettä, joka onteoreettinen minimivirhe, johon rehujen sulavuusmittauksissa voidaan päästä.

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Gatey, Atul M., Santosh S. Hosmani, Rajkumar Singh, and Satyam Suwas. "Surface Engineering of Stainless Steels: Role of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.238.

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Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique has became popular to develop a nanostructured surface layer on metallic materials for upgrading their overall properties and performance. In this paper, we have presented the SMATing behavior of low stacking fault energy material like AISI 304 using optical microscopy, SEM, microhardness measurement and XRD analysis. SMATing was performed for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 min by using hardened bearing-steel balls (size: 5.7 mm diameter, hardness: 500HV0.1) at 50 Hz vibrating frequency. XRD analysis indicated the lowest grain-size of about 8.6 nm in the surface region of specimen SMATed for 60 min. In comparison with the non-SMATed specimen, 17 times increase in the dislocation density and 4 times increase in the micro-strain were observed in this SMATed specimen. Improvement in the surface-hardness due to the SMAT was almost two times hardness before SMAT was 190 HV0.1 and after SMAT it was 400 HV0.1. There is a gradual decrease in the hardness value across the cross-section of the specimen, and core-hardness value was reached after 300 μm depth below the surface. XRD results indicated the possibility of martensitic phase transformation at the surface during SMATing of AISI 304 steel. SMATed AISI 304 specimens showed good thermal stability at 550°C for 6 h which was confirmed by microhardness measurement

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Wilkinson, John C., Amanda S. Wilkinson, Stefanie Galbán, Rebecca A. Csomos, and Colin S. Duckett. "Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Is a Target for Ubiquitination through Interaction with XIAP." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01065-07.

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ABSTRACT X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is an inhibitor of apoptotic cell death that protects cells by caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms. In a screen for molecules that participate with XIAP in regulating cellular activities, we identified apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) as an XIAP binding protein. Baculoviral IAP repeat 2 of XIAP is sufficient for the XIAP/AIF interaction, which is disrupted by Smac/DIABLO. In healthy cells, mature human AIF lacks only the first 54 amino acids, differing significantly from the apoptotic form, which lacks the first 102 amino-terminal residues. Fluorescence complementation and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that XIAP interacts with both AIF forms. AIF was found to be a target of XIAP-mediated ubiquitination under both normal and apoptotic conditions, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase-deficient XIAP variant displayed a more robust interaction with AIF. Expression of either XIAP or AIF attenuated both basal and antimycin A-stimulated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and when XIAP and AIF were expressed in combination, a cumulative decrease in ROS was observed. These results identify AIF as a new XIAP binding partner and indicate a role for XIAP in regulating cellular ROS.

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Proa-Coronado, S., C. Séverac, A. Martinez-Rivas, and E. Dague. "Beyond the paradigm of nanomechanical measurements on cells using AFM: an automated methodology to rapidly analyse thousands of cells." Nanoscale Horizons 5, no. 1 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nh00438f.

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31

Cascione, Mariafrancesca, Valeria De Matteis, Francesca Persano, and Stefano Leporatti. "AFM Characterization of Halloysite Clay Nanocomposites’ Superficial Properties: Current State-of-the-Art and Perspectives." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103441.

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Natural halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) are versatile inorganic reinforcing materials for creating hybrid composites. Upon doping HNTs with polymers, coating, or loading them with bioactive molecules, the production of novel nanocomposites is possible, having specific features for several applications. To investigate HNTs composites nanostructures, AFM is a very powerful tool since it allows for performing nano-topographic and morpho-mechanical measurements in any environment (air or liquid) without treatment of samples, like electron microscopes require. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of recent AFM investigations of HNTs and HNT nanocomposites for unveiling hidden characteristics inside them envisaging future perspectives for AFM as a smart device in nanomaterials characterization.

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32

Li, Xiaomeng, Yunjie Liu, Wuyang Yue, Yuefeng Tan, He Wang, Lishi Zhang та Jinyao Chen. "A Compound of Chinese Herbs Protects against Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis in Rats via the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (21 квітня 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9121347.

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Alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF) has become a major public health concern owing to its health impacts and the lack of effective treatment strategies for the disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of a compound composed of Chinese herbs Pueraria lobata (Willd.), Salvia miltiorrhiza, Schisandra chinensis, and Silybum marianum on ALF. An ALF model was established. Rats were fed with modified Lieber–Decarli alcohol liquid diet and injected with trace CCl4 at late stage. The rats were then treated with several doses of the compound. Biochemical and fibrosis-relevant parameters were measured from the sera obtained from the rats. Liver tissues were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2, Smad3, and Smad7 on the livers were also measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results showed that the compound treatment alleviated pathological lesions in the liver, decreased the serum levels of hyaluronan, laminin, and hydroxyproline, and diminished the expression of hepatic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Compound treatment also increased hepatic matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In conclusion, the compound has a protective effect against ALF in rats, and an underlying mechanism is involved in the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

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Nuryana, Christiana Tri, Tiara Puspita Agustin, Sofia Mubarika Haryana, Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo та Nur Arfian. "Achatina fulica Mucus Ameliorates UVB-induced Human Dermal Fibroblast Photoaging via the TGF-β/Smad Pathway". Indonesian Biomedical Journal 15, № 6 (11 грудня 2023): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2580.

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BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) induces skin photoaging by reducing collagen deposition via impairment of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Achatina fulica mucus (AFM) is a native medicine acting as vehicle of anti-aging ingredients. The present investigation examined the effect of AFM on UVB-induced fibroblast photoaging by assessing TGF-β, Smad3, and Smad7 mRNA expressions.METHODS: AFM was extracted from A. fulica using electrical shock and freeze-dried into a powder. Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cultures were irradiated with/without 100 mJ/cm2 UVB and treated with/without 10% platelet-rich plasma or different concentrations of AFM: 3.9 μg/mL in AF3 group; 15.625 μg/mL in AF15 group, and 62.5 μg/mL in AF62 group. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β, Smad3, and Smad7 in NHDF were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: TGF-β mRNA expressions in the AF3 (0.85±0.01), AF15 (0.94±0.02) and AF62 (1.64±0.03) groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that in the UVB group (0.55±0.04). Moreover, Smad3 expressions in the AF3 (1.42±0.25), AF15 (1.89±0.13), and AF62 (2.50±0.31) groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that in the UVB group (0.57±0.08). Furthermore, Smad7 expressions in the AF3 (1.57±0.18), AF15 (0.87±0.03), and AF62 (0.25±0.09) groups were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in the UVB group (2.57±0.06).CONCLUSION: AFM ameliorates UVB-induced fibroblast photoaging by upregulating the TGF-β/Smad3 expressions and downregulating Smad7 expression.KEYWORDS: Achatina fulica, TGF-β, Smad, collagen, UVB, fibroblast, photoaging

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Zhang, X. N. "Biomechanical and Biocorrosion Properties of Nanostructured Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.51.

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The nanostructured titanium was fabricated via the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) process and the effect of nano-crystalline structure on the biomechanical and biocorrosion properties were studied. It was found that the Young’s modulus of nanostructured Ti decreased significantly and thus the biomechanical property was improved. The electrochemical results revealed that the corrosion resistance of Ti became worse after SMAT process, which is contributed to the higher activation of the nanostructured surface.

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Rade, Jaydeep, Juntao Zhang, Soumik Sarkar, Adarsh Krishnamurthy, Juan Ren, and Anwesha Sarkar. "Deep Learning for Live Cell Shape Detection and Automated AFM Navigation." Bioengineering 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100522.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a platform for high-resolution topographical imaging and the mechanical characterization of a wide range of samples, including live cells, proteins, and other biomolecules. AFM is also instrumental for measuring interaction forces and binding kinetics for protein–protein or receptor–ligand interactions on live cells at a single-molecule level. However, performing force measurements and high-resolution imaging with AFM and data analytics are time-consuming and require special skill sets and continuous human supervision. Recently, researchers have explored the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) in the bioimaging field. However, the applications of AI to AFM operations for live-cell characterization are little-known. In this work, we implemented a DL framework to perform automatic sample selection based on the cell shape for AFM probe navigation during AFM biomechanical mapping. We also established a closed-loop scanner trajectory control for measuring multiple cell samples at high speed for automated navigation. With this, we achieved a 60× speed-up in AFM navigation and reduced the time involved in searching for the particular cell shape in a large sample. Our innovation directly applies to many bio-AFM applications with AI-guided intelligent automation through image data analysis together with smart navigation.

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Marimuthu, Navanitha, Ermira Junita Abdullah, Dayang L. A. Majid, and Fairuz I. Romli. "Conceptual Design of Flapping Wing Using Shape Memory Alloy Actuator for Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.152.

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Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) has the capability to fly autonomously in complex environments which enables human to conduct surveillance in areas which are deemed too dangerous or in confined spaces that does not allow human entry. Research and development of MAVs aim to reduce their size further, thus novel techniques need to be explored in order to achieve this objective while still maintaining the MAVs’ current performance. In this paper, a conceptual design of an MAV with a main drive system using shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator to provide the flapping motion is proposed. SMA is considered superior to other smart materials due to its efficiency and large energy storage capacity. By incorporating SMA in the flapping wing MAV, it will provide users the flexibility to add more payloads by reducing bulky cables or reduce operating cost by using less fuel. However, there are some drawbacks in using SMAs such as nonlinear response of the strain to input current and hysteresis characteristic as a result of which their control is inaccurate and complicated.

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Manokhin, Mikhail, Paul Chollet, and Patricia Desgreys. "Towards Flexible and Low-Power Wireless Smart Sensors: Reconfigurable Analog-to-Feature Conversion for Healthcare Applications." Sensors 24, no. 3 (February 3, 2024): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24030999.

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Analog-to-feature (A2F) conversion based on non-uniform wavelet sampling (NUWS) has demonstrated the ability to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensors while employed for electrocardiogram (ECG) anomaly detection. The technique involves extracting only relevant features for a given task directly from analog signals and conducting classification in the digital domain. Building on this approach, we extended the application of the proposed generic A2F converter to address a human activity recognition (HAR) task. The performed simulations include the training and evaluation of neural network (NN) classifiers built for each application. The corresponding results enabled the definition of valuable features and the hardware specifications for the ongoing complete circuit design. One of the principal elements constituting the developed converter, the integrator brought from the state-of-the-art design, was modified and simulated at the circuit level to meet our requirements. The revised value of its power consumption served to estimate the energy spent by the communication chain with the A2F converter. It consumes at least 20 and 5 times less than the chain employing the Nyquist approach in arrhythmia detection and HAR tasks, respectively. This fact highlights the potential of A2F conversion with NUWS in achieving flexible and energy-efficient sensor systems for diverse applications.

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Wang, Yan, Yang Yan, Zhengjian Li, and Long Cheng. "A Mobile Localization Method in Smart Indoor Environment Using Polynomial Fitting for Wireless Sensor Network." Journal of Sensors 2020 (January 7, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6787252.

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The main factor affecting the localization accuracy is nonline of sight (NLOS) error which is caused by the complicated indoor environment such as obstacles and walls. To obviously alleviate NLOS effects, a polynomial fitting-based adjusted Kalman filter (PF-AKF) method in a wireless sensor network (WSN) framework is proposed in this paper. The method employs polynomial fitting to accomplish both NLOS identification and distance prediction. Rather than employing standard deviation of all historical data as NLOS detection threshold, the proposed method identifies NLOS via deviation between fitted curve and measurements. Then, it processes the measurements with adjusted Kalman filter (AKF), conducting weighting filter in the case of NLOS condition. Simulations compare the proposed method with Kalman filter (KF), adjusted Kalman filter (AKF), and Kalman-based interacting multiple model (K-IMM) algorithms, and the results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. Moreover, experimental results obtained from a real indoor environment validate the simulation results.

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Smart, Michael. "Remarks by Michael Smart." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.108.

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More than enough. That's the silver lining, of course. But, you know, I think the answer to your question, Gary, at least as it relates to trade negotiations, is emphatically yes, we are in a slower period than the administration anticipated. I don't think the explanation is that different from healthcare or taxes or Syria. I mean, it's just a lot more complicated, I think, than the administration realized. I was told that when they returned from one of their first Hill briefings on trade, one of the briefers remarked, “Who knew Congress cared so much about agriculture?” a point that Warren made. And that's really just the tip of the iceberg, because there's many things on the agenda.

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Al-Saedi, Hasan N., Yifu Long, Ralph E. Flori, and Baojun Bai. "Coupling Smart Seawater Flooding and CO2 Flooding for Sandstone Reservoirs: Smart Seawater Alternating CO2 Flooding (SMSW-AGF)." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 10 (September 3, 2019): 9644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02289.

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Matei, Lucian, Ilie Dumitru, and Laurentiu Racila. "Smart Signalization and Public Transport Priority, a First Step to Smart Mobility in a Smart City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.383.

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Smarty city is a current topic, growing very fast in the last years. This concept is linked as a winning strategy to solve some major problems of big cities, like pollution, traffic jams, energy consumption, etc. Smart city is the next level, a more complex concept of the much restrictive green city, being an extension of this one, involving a better urban zone, a smaller environmental footprint, a higher penetration of ICT in the city life. A very important component of a smart city is the urban mobility, a smart mobility in a smart city. The aim of the paper is the presentation of the first step in this direction, because a smart mobility involve a smart signalization first. To reduce the traffic jam in an cross junction, an adaptive signal master plan of the intersection are used, with the help of a dedicated software.

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Zhong, Hao, Zheyu Zhang, Haoran Liu, Jinzhuo Wu, and Wenshu Lin. "Individual Tree Species Identification for Complex Coniferous and Broad-Leaved Mixed Forests Based on Deep Learning Combined with UAV LiDAR Data and RGB Images." Forests 15, no. 2 (February 3, 2024): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020293.

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Automatic and accurate individual tree species identification is essential for the realization of smart forestry. Although existing studies have used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing data for individual tree species identification, the effects of different spatial resolutions and combining multi-source remote sensing data for automatic individual tree species identification using deep learning methods still require further exploration, especially in complex forest conditions. Therefore, this study proposed an improved YOLOv8 model for individual tree species identification using multisource remote sensing data under complex forest stand conditions. Firstly, the RGB and LiDAR data of natural coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests under complex conditions in Northeast China were acquired via a UAV. Then, different spatial resolutions, scales, and band combinations of multisource remote sensing data were explored, based on the YOLOv8 model for tree species identification. Subsequently, the Attention Multi-level Fusion (AMF) Gather-and-Distribute (GD) YOLOv8 model was proposed, according to the characteristics of the multisource remote sensing forest data, in which the two branches of the AMF Net backbone were able to extract and fuse features from multisource remote sensing data sources separately. Meanwhile, the GD mechanism was introduced into the neck of the model, in order to fully utilize the extracted features of the main trunk and complete the identification of eight individual tree species in the study area. The results showed that the YOLOv8x model based on RGB images combined with current mainstream object detection algorithms achieved the highest mAP of 75.3%. When the spatial resolution was within 8 cm, the accuracy of individual tree species identification exhibited only a slight variation. However, the accuracy decreased significantly with the decrease of spatial resolution when the resolution was greater than 15 cm. The identification results of different YOLOv8 scales showed that x, l, and m scales could exhibit higher accuracy compared with other scales. The DGB and PCA-D band combinations were superior to other band combinations for individual tree identification, with mAP of 75.5% and 76.2%, respectively. The proposed AMF GD YOLOv8 model had a more significant improvement in tree species identification accuracy than a single remote sensing sources and band combinations data, with a mAP of 81.0%. The study results clarified the impact of spatial resolution on individual tree species identification and demonstrated the excellent performance of the proposed AMF GD YOLOv8 model in individual tree species identification, which provides a new solution and technical reference for forestry resource investigation combined multisource remote sensing data.

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McMillan, Elliott M., and Joe Quadrilatero. "Differential apoptosis-related protein expression, mitochondrial properties, proteolytic enzyme activity, and DNA fragmentation between skeletal muscles." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 300, no. 3 (March 2011): R531—R543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00488.2010.

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Increased skeletal muscle apoptosis has been associated with a number of conditions including aging, disuse, and cardiovascular disease. Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue comprised of several fiber types with unique properties. To date, no report has specifically examined apoptotic differences across muscles or fiber types. Therefore, we measured several apoptotic indices in healthy rat red (RG) and white gastrocnemius (WG) muscle, as well as examined the expression of several key proteins across fiber types in a mixed muscle (mixed gastrocnemius). The protein content of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC), Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in RG vs. WG muscle. Cytosolic AIF, cytochrome c, and Smac as well as nuclear AIF were also significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in RG compared with WG muscle. In addition, ARC protein expression was related to muscle fiber type and found to be highest ( P < 0.001) in type I fibers. Similarly, AIF protein expression was differentially expressed across fibers; however, AIF was correlated to oxidative potential ( P < 0.001). Caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity, calpain activity, and DNA fragmentation (a hallmark of apoptosis) were also significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in RG compared with WG muscle. Furthermore, total muscle reactive oxygen species generation, as well as Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore opening and loss of membrane potential in isolated mitochondria were greater in RG muscle. Collectively, these data suggest that a number of apoptosis-related indices differ between muscles and fiber types. Given these findings, muscle and fiber-type differences in apoptotic protein expression, signaling, and susceptibility should be considered when studying cell death processes in skeletal muscle.

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Prastyabudi, Wahyu Andy, and Oktavia Ayu Permata. "A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF WASTE MANAGEMENT: SMART BIN DEPLOYMENT IN SURABAYA SMART CITY." Acta Mechanica Malaysia 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 05–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/amm.01.2021.05.09.

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Waste has been always considered a notable issue in urban dwelling. The number of wastes produced by urban citizens grows ever larger including in the big cities in Indonesia. Surabaya can produce a big amount of waste around 9.896 metric cubic each day by which it is higher compare to Jakarta. Owing to the people’s habit of waste treatment, yet the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concepts is still far from the expectation. Moreover, waste selection and sorting are yet not performed properly at the lowest level. This study aims to propose a conceptual design of a smart waste bin that connected through the IoT systems. Thus, it can be monitored remotely and may assist the truck to pick up the fully loaded waste bin. The study employs a qualitative approach to build the conceptual model of which divided into three steps: 1) collecting and categorizing the data, 2) indentifiying concepts, 3) establishing the concept model. A case study of Surabaya district is provided to show the practical usage of the proposed framework. Herein, the map of Surabaya is divided spatially into 31 districts and the data of waste, which is generated randomly, then projected into the corresponding district. The proposed concept appears to be useful as a basis of waste management systems and has flexibility for which it would provide a significant implication for those cities that implementing a smart city project. As a preliminary study, this research possesses a limitation to the fact that there is no evidence of the versatility and the verification of the concept. This study offers a conceptual design of a smart waste bin that can be deployed in the urban city. By means of spatial analysis, policymakers possess an extensive point of view in accordance with environmental trends that are not readily apparent in raw data.

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He, Xiao Mei, Shan Shan Zhu, and Cong Hui Zhang. "Analysis of the Grain Refinement Mechanism for Commercial Pure Titanium by ECAP and SMAT." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.162.

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Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and Surface Mechanical Attrition (SMAT) are the two Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processes that have been used to process ultrafine grained (UFG) materials. These two kinds of processes have been used to refine the grain size of coarse-grained commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti). The development of microstructure during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and surface mechanical attrition (SMAT) of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) is investigated to establish the mechanisms of grain refinement. Based on the various experimental results and analysis, it has been found that the high-strain-rate and many direction loading is conducive to the formation of nanograins and also the grains with less than 100 nm cannot be obtained by the single equal channel angular pressing (ECAP).

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Balog, Michal, Žofia Šimeková, and Pavol Semančo. "Smart Vehicle Railroad." Applied Mechanics and Materials 708 (December 2014): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.708.148.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology introduces the way of automated data collection, and processing to improve accuracy of processed data. In the present time possibilities in development and application of RFID technologies are almost limitless. Increasing expansion of RFID technology in almost any industry, where the RFID tag can be put on any product or material or component is an evidence of the previous assertion. Apart from technical aspects, i.e. security, the financial effect of the RFID technology implementation is also relevant in rail freight transport. Using this technology to keep records of technical condition of the wagons can be avoided a huge disaster caused by lack of knowledge about technical condition of the wagon. It can bring the return of initial investment and cost reduction.

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Lieske, Tobias, Denis Shuklin, Daniel Hohnloser, Marc Reichenbach, Benjamin Pfundt, Dietmar Fey, and Robert Weigel. "Smart Sensor Framework: A Pressure Sensor for Smart Home Applications." Advanced Engineering Forum 19 (October 2016): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.19.92.

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Smart home automation applications require a dense information network for proper func-tionality. Air-conditioning or filtration systems, for example, must detect airflows caused by openwindows and doors. An unambiguous detection of such airflows can be performed by a distributedsensor network. Current off-the-shelf sensors often lack processing and communication units, resulting in a large design assembly of discrete integrated circuits (ICs) on one printed circuit board (PCB)that requires additional power supply. Distributing such designs within a home without interferingwith the existing surroundings proves to be difficult in terms of acceptance and usability. This paperpresents a solution by offering an integrated design that includes a microelectromechanical system(MEMS) pressure sensor element along with an analog to digital converter (ADC) and a customizableand programmable processing unit. The integration leads to a smaller overall footprint and reducedpower consumption, which positively affects the acceptance rate of distributed smart sensor networksfor home automation. Clear interfaces between the components ensure an extensible and adaptablesystem design suitable for further smart sensor applications, resulting in a smart sensor framework.

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Peng, Xiongqun, Huixiang Yang, Lijian Tao, Jingni Xiao, Ya Zeng, Yueming Shen, Xueke Yu, Fei Zhu та Jiao Qin. "Fluorofenidone alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell autophagy via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway: implications for liver cancer". PeerJ 11 (28 вересня 2023): e16060. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16060.

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Objectives Liver fibrosis is a key stage in the progression of various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis and liver cancer, but at present, there is no effective treatment. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of the new antifibrotic drug fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) on liver fibrosis and its related mechanism, providing implications for liver cancer. Materials and Methods The effects of AKF-PD on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) autophagy and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression were assessed in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat liver fibrosis model. In vitro, HSC-T6 cells were transfected with Smad2 and Smad3 overexpression plasmids and treated with AKF-PD. The viability and number of autophagosomes in HSC-T6 cells were examined. The protein expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3 and P62 were examined by Western blotting. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for comprehensively analyzing the prognostic values of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in liver cancer. The correlation between SMAD2, SMAD3, and autophagy-related scores in liver cancer was explored. The drug prediction of autophagy-related scores in liver cancer was explored. Results AKF-PD attenuated liver injury and ECM deposition in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model. In vitro, the viability and number of autophagosomes in HSCs were reduced significantly by AKF-PD treatment. Meanwhile, the protein expression of FN, α-SMA, collagen III, Beclin-1 and LC3 was increased, and P62 was reduced by the overexpression of Smad2 and Smad3; however, AKF-PD reversed these effects. SMAD2 and SMAD3 were hazardous factors in liver cancer. SMAD2 and SMAD3 correlated with autophagy-related scores in liver cancer. Autophagy-related scores could predict drug response in liver cancer. Conclusions AKF-PD alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSC autophagy via the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smadpathway. Our study provided some implications about how liver fibrosis was connected with liver cancer by SMAD2/SMAD3 and autophagy.

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Lin, Chao Ming. "Composite Anisotropic Conductive Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.182.

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Anisotropic conductive film (ACF), is a lead-free and fine-pitch interconnect materials that is commonly used in liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing to make and maintain the electrical and mechanical connections from the driver IC to the substrate. A key issue in the ACF technology is the packaging yield or failure probability, and performance of ACF’s material formula composition. This paper utilizes the V-shaped curve method to analyze the failure probability of composite ACF packages with a smart composition or a functional formula. In the proposed model, the probability of opening failures is modeled using a Poisson function, modified to take into account the average conception on the effective conductive area between opposing pads. Meanwhile, the probability estimation of bridging failures is based on the Box-Strip-Brick model between the neighboring pad pairs in the array. The results show the derived probability formulation can involve the probability conceptions of the composite ACF into a complete evaluation computation.

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Ramprasad, Dasarinki, Dhoni sai kumar, Gujju siva reddy, Bevara Ravi teja, and Dunna varshitha sri. "Solar-powered smart irrigation system using Machine learning & IoT." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 3 (March 2024): 7610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0324.0926.

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