Статті в журналах: "American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638"

1

Subramani, Raja, S. Kaliappan, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, R. Usha, Narapareddi Manasa, and E. S. Esakkiraj. "Polymer Filament Process Parameter Optimization with Mechanical Test and Morphology Analysis." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8259804.

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3D printing is one of the emerging technologies in the manufacturing sector, and polymer materials play a vital role in the raw material of the additive manufacturing sector. This research explores reducing the production time by testing and analyzing the microstructure of the different polylactic acid (PLA) filament polymer samples. For this purpose, 15 pieces of ASTM (American society for testing and materials) D638 tensile samples with polylactic acid (PLA) filaments have been used exclusively with five different sets of modified process parameters in slicing software of 3D printing technology. The results of this research reveal the best PLA filament FDM production method in terms of time, mechanical strength, and FESEM analysis comparing all the results.

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Raja, S., Anant Prakash Agrawal, Pravin P Patil, P. Thimothy, Rey Y. Capangpangan, Piyush Singhal, and Mulugeta Tadesse Wotango. "Optimization of 3D Printing Process Parameters of Polylactic Acid Filament Based on the Mechanical Test." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5830869.

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The main objective of this research study is to optimize the printing parameters that can be used in the FDM (fusion deposition modeling) production method to obtain the lowest production time and best printing parameter of PLA (polylactic acid) filament with the tensile test. The printing parameter that can be used in FDM machines such as extruder temperature, bed temperature, layer height, printing speed, travel speed, infill, and shell count is taken into account for optimization. In addition, the tensile specimens from ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D638 standard were manufactured by PLA filament with the above-modified printing parameters. The best printing parameters for PLA products were found by the time recorded during production and tensile test results after production. Thus, through this research, one can find the best PLA filament printing parameters and their timing.

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Markiz, Nassim, Eszter Horváth, and Péter Ficzere. "Influence of printing direction on 3D printed ABS specimens." Production Engineering Archives 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2020.26.24.

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AbstractIn the recent years, additive manufacturing became an interesting topic in many fields due to the ease of manufacturing complex objects. However, it is impossible to determine the mechanical properties of any additive manufacturing parts without testing them. In this work, the mechanical properties with focus on ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadi-ene styrene (ABS) specimens were investigated. The tensile tests were carried using Zwick Z005 loading machine with a capacity of 5KN according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. Thus, for each printing direction ( and ), five specimens were printed. Tensile testing of the 3D printed ABS specimens showed that the printing direction made the strongest specimen at an ultimate tensile strength of 22 MPa while at printing direction it showed 12 MPa. No influence on the modulus of elasticity was noticed. The experimental results are presented in the manuscript.

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Kazemi, M., and A. R. Rahimi. "Supports effect on tensile strength of the stereolithography parts." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2012-0118.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of the supports on tensile strength (TS) of stereolithography (SL) parts. Design/methodology/approach – The shape of specimens (tensile specimens) is according to the American Society Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard. Some parts have support trace on one side and some have support trace on both sides. To achieve this target, some parts are fabricated on other parts; therefore, support of the upper part is fabricated on upper face of lower part. Findings – Influences of supports traces on mechanical properties aren’t “zero”. Supports affect TS of SL parts by affecting surface roughness of parts. After experimentation and analyzing experimental results, it is concluded that the TS of the parts which have support on both sides is slightly lower than the parts which have support just on one side. Originality/value – This is the first attempt toward investigation of supports effects on the mechanical properties in SL parts.

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Kuclourya, Tanay, Mohit Kumar Jain, Shubham Mudliar, and Narendiranath Babu Thamba. "Statistical analysis and investigation of tensile test data of coir composites reinforced with graphene, epoxy and carbon fibre." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 10 (July 15, 2020): 1343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720939998.

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A successful attempt has been made to develop coir fibre composites reinforced with graphene, epoxy and carbon fibre. The carbon fibres were arranged in an intercalated manner, which is similar to the coir fibres. The percentage composition of graphene was varied as 1, 2, 4 and 6% by weight of the holding matrix. Suitable surface modifications were done by treating natural fibres by 5% NaOH and 0.3% KMnO4 for better adhesion of fibre and epoxy resin. Sonication and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide treatments were also done to achieve the fine scattering of graphene in the epoxy matrix in order to achieve better mechanical behaviour. Moulds were made as per D638 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The treated fibres were then arranged in the mould by the conventional hand layup technique. Tensile testing was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the composites. Two-way analysis of variance was used as a statistical tool to find the effect of parameters such as ‘Percentage composition of graphene’ and ‘Type of mould’ on the modulus of the composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted to determine the interferential adhesion and homogeneous distribution of fibres in the composite matrix. At last, field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were also done to the specimens before and after tensile testing to determine the morphology of different entities present in the composites.

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Enemuoh, Emmanuel Ugo, Venkata Gireesh Menta, Abdulaziz Abutunis, Sean O’Brien, Labiba Imtiaz Kaya, and John Rapinac. "Energy and Eco-Impact Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection Molding of Polylactic Acid." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041875.

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There is limited knowledge about energy and carbon emission performance comparison between additive fused deposition modeling (FDM) and consolidation plastic injection molding (PIM) forming techniques, despite their recent high industrial applications such as tools and fixtures. In this study, developed empirical models focus on the production phase of the polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic polyester life cycle while using FDM and PIM processes to produce American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 Type IV dog bone samples to compare their energy consumption and eco-impact. It was established that energy consumption by the FDM layer creation phase dominated the filament extrusion and PLA pellet production phases, with, overwhelmingly, 99% of the total energy consumption in the three production phases combined. During FDM PLA production, about 95.5% of energy consumption was seen during actual FDM part building. This means that the FDM process parameters such as infill percentage, layer thickness, and printing speed can be optimized to significantly improve the energy consumption of the FDM process. Furthermore, plastic injection molding consumed about 38.2% less energy and produced less carbon emissions per one kilogram of PLA formed parts compared to the FDM process. The developed functional unit measurement models can be employed in setting sustainable manufacturing goals for PLA production.

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7

Othman, Mohd Hilmi, Hasan Sulaiman, N. M. Main, and L. Li. "Strength and Folding Performance of Polypropylene Packaging Samples in Hot Air and High Humidity Condition." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.241.

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This research was conducted to evaluate the strength and folding performance of polypropylene packaging samples, when exposed to hot air and high humidity condition. Three types of polypropylene samples were chosen, which were flat plastic, plastic with hinges, and plastic film. All of these samples were tested for tensile strength; except plastic with hinges that received additional test to evaluate the folding endurance. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard was applied to analyze the mechanical strength of these plastics. This standard was used to determine the value of stress, strain, and Young’s modulus. Each sample was exposed to different temperature settings, which were 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C for high humidity condition and 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C for hot air condition. As for the folding endurance test, the hot air temperatures were selected at 60°C, 65°C and 70°C and for the high humidity condition, the range of relative humidity were set at 50%, 55% and 60%. Based on the tensile test results, the values of stress and Young’s modulus were higher at higher humidity as compared with the values under hot air condition. However the strain value was the opposite of the stress and Young’s modulus, whereby the values started to deceive under high humidity condition, but kept on increasing under hot air condition. In folding endurance test, it was confirmed that the hinge performed better under hot air environment than high humidity. As the relative humidity increases, the average number of folding decreased from 3.00x106 to 2.89x106 cycles. In the other hand, thevalue of folding numbers increased from 3.34x106 to 3.37x106, with increasing temperature. In conclusion, through this performance analysis, the outcomes can be applied to other packaging materials and appliances, which are related to high temperature and high humidity condition.

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8

Berry, Jim. "The American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) will change its name." Metal Finishing 99, no. 10 (October 2001): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(01)82038-9.

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9

Mark, Howard. "An Overview of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Part 1." NIR news 20, no. 5 (August 2009): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.1138.

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Mark, Howard. "An Overview of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)—Part 2." NIR news 20, no. 7 (November 2009): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.1152.

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Rasheed, Sufian, Niamat Ullah, and Amir Ullah. "Chemical analysis of some Pakistani Portland cement/clinker and their compliance with ASTM standards." European Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.11.3.194-197.1980.

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This is a quality control study and analysis of Portland cement taken from four Pakistani cement plants (Deewan, Kohat, Lucky and Maple Leaf). These four samples were analysed and the determination of major oxides present was carried out. Loss on ignition and the percentage of insoluble residue was also determined. Our research shows percentage of major oxides present in these four samples i.e. calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, iron oxide, sulphur trioxide and magnesium oxide. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials Cement (ASTM C150), the percentage of these oxides, loss on ignition and insoluble residue of these four plants are within the specified quality control range. The present study compared the quality of different oxides at the Portland cement brands in Pakistan. The percentages of SiO2,SO3, CaO, Al2O3,MgO and Fe2O3 were calculated according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C150) uniform standards. The percentages of all of the brands were within the limits specified by the standard (ASTM C150).

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Nafi, Bambang Wahyudi, and Imam Fachruddin. "Analisis Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Kapal Niaga Berdasarkan American Society for Testing Materials the Institute of Petroleum (ASTM-IP)." Dinamika Bahari 1, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46484/db.v1i1.181.

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Biaya operasional kapal didominasi oleh pembelian bahan bakar minyak. Lebih lanjut, monitoring konsumsi bahan bakar minyak di kapal kurang di perhatikan, karena officer lebih berkonsentrasi pada bagaimana kapal bisa bergerak sampai ketujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui koreksi yang harus dilakukan serta dampak yang ditimbulkan apabila konsumsi bahan bakar minyak yang melalui flowmeter di kapal dikoreksi menggunakan ASTM-IP. Subjek penelitian ini adalah empat kapal pada perusahaan PT. S. I. Ship Management dengan specific grafity (SG) sebesar 0.9601. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan output data flowmeter pada mesin induk harus dikalikan dengan factor for reducting volume to 15o C yang ada pada ASTM-IP sehingga berdampak pada keakuratan dalam pelaporan konsumsi bahan bakar. Akibatnya biaya operasional berkurang dan perusahaan kapal dapat menjual jasanya secara bersaing

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13

Saitou, Kinjirou, and Nao-Aki Noda. "How to estimate fatigue strength of wood material." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 14n16 (May 14, 2021): 2140026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221400269.

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When wood materials are used for a mechanical structure, the fatigue strength should be estimated due to repeated loads they receive. This paper reveals that the methods to calculate allowable stresses along with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) can take the strength reduction due to fatigue into account because the ASTM/AIJ allowable stresses against the static strength closely resemble the fatigue limit against the wood static strength.

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Kao, Shih Feng, Yu Shiang Wu, and Chi Jan Huang. "Combined Fireproof and Stuffing Materials Applied to Through-Floor Pipes." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1547.

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This study tested four types of fireproof and stuffing materials, including firestop sheets, silicone fire barrier sealant, mineral wool batt, and double agent fire barrier foam, on through-floor pipes and walls. Based on the specifications of the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) E84, a 10 min substrate surface burning test was conducted to test fireproof and stuffing materials. The results indicated that the level of fireproof material substrates reached the level of class A in ASTM E84. Combination methods A and B were tested by 180 min heating for specimens, according to the ASTM E814 standard temperature-time (T-t) heating curve, followed by the water spraying test. The results showed that methods A and B have 180 min of fire prevention effects (F rating), and method B can achieve 180 min of heat prevention effects (T rating).

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Holloway, Paul H. "Progress report on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) committee E.42 on surface analysis." Surface and Interface Analysis 7, no. 4 (August 1985): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740070408.

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Myers, Daryl R., Keith Emery, and C. Gueymard. "Revising and Validating Spectral Irradiance Reference Standards for Photovoltaic Performance Evaluation." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1638784.

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In 1982, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) adopted consensus standards for direct-normal and hemispherical (“global”) tilted solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM E891/E892/G159). These standard spectra were intended to evaluate photovoltaic (PV) device performance and other solar-related applications. The International Standards Organization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) adopted these spectra as spectral standards ISO 9845-1 and IEC 60904-3. Additional information and more accurately representative spectra are needed by today’s PV community. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models, knowledge of atmospheric physics, and measured radiometric quantities are applied to develop new reference spectra under consideration by ASTM.

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Garrett, J., A. Glassford, and J. Steakley. "ASTM E 1559 Method for Measuring Material Outgassing/Deposition Kinetics." Journal of the IEST 38, no. 1 (January 31, 1995): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.38.1.b414325351542n33.

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The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has published a new standard test method for characterizing time and temperature dependence of material outgassing kinetics and the deposition kinetics of outgassed species on surfaces at various temperatures. This new ASTM standard, E 1559,1 uses the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) collection measurement approach. The test method was originally developed under a program sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory to create a standard test method for obtaining outgassing and deposition kinetics data for spacecraft materials. Standardization by ASTM recognizes that the method has applications beyond aerospace. In particular, the method will provide data of use to the electronics, semiconductor, and high vacuum industries. This paper describes the ASTM E 1559 test method and presents some typical data. the paper also describes the Lockheed ASTM E 1559 test apparatus.

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18

Strehlow, Richard A. "Ninety years of terminology management in ASTM." Terminology 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.2.2.05str.

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The American Society for Testing and Materials has been engaged in management of terminology for more than nine decades across many subject disciplines. Throughout this period methods have been developed and applied to management of terminology. One technique, generating and maintaining an audited list of terms and definitions, has proved useful in promoting greater uniformity of term usage. Other methods of promoting improved definition writing and layout have also been developed and applied. These methods are described in their historical context. Problems of a multidisciplinary set of independent standards-writing committees are also discussed with proposed solutions.

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Sathish, S., T. Ganapathy, and Thiyagarajan Bhoopathy. "Experimental Testing on Hybrid Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.339.

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In recent trend, the most used fiber reinforced composite is the glass fiber composite. The glass-fiber composites have high strength and mechanical properties but it is costlier than sisal and jute fiber. Though the availability of the sisal and jute fiber is more, it cannot be used for high strength applications. A high strength-low cost fiber may serve the purpose. This project focuses on the experimental testing of hybrid composite materials. The hybrid composite materials are manufactured using three different fibers - sisal, glass and jute with epoxy resin with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 30:70. Four combinations of composite materials viz., sisal-epoxy, jute-epoxy, sisal-glass-epoxy and sisal-jute-epoxy are manufactured to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The specimens are tested for their mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength in Universal Testing machine. The results are compared with that of the individual properties of the glass fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber composite and improvements in the strength-weight ratio and mechanical properties are studied.

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Gover, Bradford N., and John S. Bradley. "Measurement of speech privacy of closed rooms using the American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM E2638." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (March 2010): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3384213.

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Hockett, R. S. "An Update on Standards Activity for Txrf and the Challenges Ahead." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800023223.

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Standards organizations active in surface analysis using TXRF and VPD/TXRF include: (a) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), (b) Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI), (c) Ultra Clean Society of Japan (UCS), and (d) International Standards Organization Technical Committee 201 (ISO TC/201). The standards activities are presently dynamic, and they are on an international scale, This paper provides an update on the status of these activities, and presents the challenges ahead yet to be resolved.

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Dhanraj, David I. A., Shruti Choudhary, Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka, David H. Ballard, Benjamin M. Kumfer, Audrey J. Dang, Brent J. Williams, Kathleen W. Meacham, Richard L. Axelbaum, and Pratim Biswas. "Size-Dependent Filtration Efficiency of Alternative Facemask Filter Materials." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081868.

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The use of facemasks is proven to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus and other biological agents that cause disease. Various forms of facemasks, made using different materials, are being used extensively, and it is important to determine their performance characteristics. The size-dependent filtration efficiency and breathing resistance of household sterilization wrap fabrics, and isolation media (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)- and non-ASTM-rated), were measured in filter-holder- and mannequin-in-chamber-based systems, focusing on particles sizes between 20 nm and 2 μm. Double-layer MERV-14 (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values with rating 14) showed the highest filtration efficiency (94.9–73.3%) amongst household filter media, whereas ASTM-rated isolation masks showed the highest filtration efficiencies (95.6–88.7) amongst all the masks considered. Filtration efficiency of 3D-printed masks with replaceable filter media was found to depend on the degree of sealing around the media holder, which depended on the material’s compressibility. Filtration efficiencies of triple-layer combinations (95.8–85.3%) follow a profile similar to single layers but with improved filtration efficiencies.

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El-Sagheer, Islam, Amr A. Abd-Elhady, Hossam El-Din M. Sallam, and Soheir A. R. Naga. "An Assessment of ASTM E1922 for Measuring the Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated Polymer Matrix Composite Materials." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183129.

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The main objective of this work is to predict the exact value of the fracture toughness (KQ) of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). The drawback of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) E1922 specimen is the lack of intact fibers behind the crack-tip as in the real case, i.e., through-thickness cracked (TTC) specimen. The novelty of this research is to overcome this deficiency by suggesting unprecedented cracked specimens, i.e., matrix cracked (MC) specimens. This MC exists in the matrix (epoxy) without cutting the glass fibers behind the crack-tip in the unidirectional laminated composite. Two different cracked specimen geometries according to ASTM E1922 and ASTM D3039 were tested. 3-D FEA was adopted to predict the damage failure and geometry correction factor of cracked specimens. The results of the TTC ASTM E1922 specimen showed that the crack initiated perpendicular to the fiber direction up to 1 mm. Failure then occurred due to crack propagation parallel to the fiber direction, i.e., notch insensitivity. As expected, the KQ of the MC ASTM D3039 specimen is higher than that of the TTC ASTM D3039 specimen. The KQ of the MC specimen with two layers is about 1.3 times that of the MC specimen with one layer.

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Millette, James R. "Comparison of Commercial Microvacuum Sampling Cassettes for Settled Dust Analysis." Microscopy Today 6, no. 6 (August 1998): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500068231.

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Three commercially available vacuum samplers (also known as microvacuum samplers or microvacs) were examined for compliance with the Standard ASTM Methods for asbestos in settled dust. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method (D5755-95) for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Structure Number Concentration and the similar Method (D5756-95) for mass require that a sample be collected by vacuuming a known surface area with a standard 25 or 37 mm air sampling cassette using a plastic tube that is attached to the inlet orifice which acts as a nozzle.

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Hernández-Gómez, Zaida Margelly, Edgar Mauricio Castillo-Robles, and Diego Andrés Campo-Ceballos. "Automation of the mechanical tensile and three-point flexural test." Visión electrónica 1, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22484728.18394.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of Mechanical system testing for tensile and three-point flexural test for both metallic and polymeric materials. A control and monitoring system was adapted to the data, using specialized equipment for industrial automation, i.e. PLC system. Main Parameters to perform the tensile and three point flexural tests, and the functional and technical specifications according to the ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials) standards were defined. Conceptual design, mathematical calculations and CAD designs were developed using Solidworks. Graphical user interfaces (GUI) were designed to interact with the user. Human machine interface (HMI) was implemented in proprietary software and includes rules for the supervision and manipulation of core variables for the user according to the ASTM standard. The HMI was interconnected with a programmable logic controller (PLC) where the process selection rules was implemented in GRAFCET diagram, following the ASTM protocols. The system has a test capacity of 500 Kgf both for the tensile test and for the three-point flexural test, with an accuracy of ± 2%, under the ASTM E177 standard, and the HMI interface as an innovative monitoring and control system.

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Kim, Y., Y. J. Chao, M. J. Pechersky та M. J. Morgan. "C-Specimen Fracture Toughness Testing: Effect of Side Grooves and η Factor". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, № 3 (1 серпня 2004): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1762425.

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Elastic-plastic crack front fields in arc-shaped tension specimens (C-specimens) were analyzed by a three-dimensional finite element method. The effect of side grooves on the ductile fracture behavior was investigated by studying the J-integral distribution, plane-strain constraint parameter, and development of plastic zones and comparing to experimental data. The applicability of the η factor (derived for use with compact tension specimens) for the calculation of J-integral values for the C-specimen was also investigated. The results show that side grooves promote and establish near plane strain conditions at the crack front in sub-size specimens. It was also found that a two-dimensional plane-strain analysis in conjunction with the standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) tests was sufficient to determine the fracture toughness values from side-grooved C-specimen. The results indicate the η factor for compact tension specimen as specified in the ASTM standards appears to produce reliable results for the calculation of J of C-specimens.

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Hummaida Ahmed, Yousif, Mohamed Ibrahim, and Duaa Soliman. "Utilization of Waste Glasses as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i2.681.

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Wastes of Glass are recognized as pozzolanic material. This study aims to investigate utilization of local glass wastes in Sudan as supplementary cementitious materials. Two glass wastes specimens having different colors are procured from a local source namely Sudanese Emirati Glass and Metal Company (SEGMAL). Then thy are ground to micro sizes producing two types of glass powders, clear white glass powder (W-GP) and colored glass powder (C-GP). The two Specimens are characterized using tests specified in American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM C311. These tests include chemical properties using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Loss on Ignition (LOI), Insoluble Residue (IR), also physical properties such as fineness, specific gravity, water requirement, and strength activity index (SAI). This study shows that at 7 days W-GP and C-GP produced SAI of 84% and 87% at 7-days respectively. These values are more than the 75% of SAI’s requirements of ASTM C618. Both specimens have outperformed the control OPC mix at 28 days by producing SAI of 108.68% and 123.82% for GP-W and GP-C respectively.

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Srisuwan, Nakarin, Phuri Kalnaowakul, Aphichart Rodchanarowan, and Trinet Yingsamphancharoen. "Modification of Hardness Properties Characterizing Carbon Steel American Society for Testing and Materials in Carbon Steel A36 Using Bagasse Ash from the Waste of Sugarcane Industries." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3942.

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In this work, the effect of bagasse ash from waste sugarcane industries on American society for testing and materials in carbon steel A36 (ASTM A36) was investigated. The ash caused the formation on the surface of the samples’ carbon sheet, thereby improving the hardness of the materials’ property. The samples were polished and cleaned in preparation for hardness tests (Rockwell) and microstructural investigation. Furthermore, the bagasse was sintered in a furnace at 400 °C for 3 h to bagasse ash. Additionally, the ash was sifted to a sample size of 100 μm and mixed with 100:0, 90:10, and 80:20 ratios of barium carbonate (BaCO3). The samples were calcined in a pack carburizing box between bagasse ash and BaCO3 at 950 °C for 8 h. The carburized samples were used to classify by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OMS), and Optical Microscopy (OM), respectively. The results revealed that 88% of carbon by weight of bagasse ash contributes to significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the ASTM A36 steel.

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Millette, James R. "Reference Methods For Analyzing For Asbestos In Various Media." Microscopy Today 3, no. 10 (December 1995): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065640.

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Microscopy remains the primary tool for the analysis and quantification of asbestos in occupational and environmental studies. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has recently approved two new Standard Methods for the analysis of asbestos in settled dust. Both methods require the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analysis system. Other methods curently in use require the use of a polarized light microscope {PLM) or phase contrast microscope (PCM).

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30

Comley, Peter N. "The ASTM International Standard Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Properties of Metallic Materials." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.105.

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Over the last 40 years there have been many papers published showing superplastic properties of metallic materials. However there has been no standardized test available to assess and compare material, and researchers and companies in the field have devised a number of different methods to show superplastic properties. The value of these properties can vary dependent on the test method used. ASTM International (formerly The American Society for Testing and Materials ) has developed a standardized test method for superplastic properties. The standard is intended for all to use as a common platform for testing, evaluating and publishing superplastic properties to a uniform format, useful for both academia and industry. The paper outlines the main points of the standard, including:- The coupon geometry and the method of clamping the coupon in the grips. The furnace and test machine requirements. The testing conditions and the method of pulling the coupon. The analysis of the load and extension data from the test, and the standard presentation of superplastic properties. The basic superplastic properties of stress versus strain for any particular constant strain rate. The method to determine ‘m’, using a step method at a particular strain. Some data is presented showing how the properties of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are derived and presented using the standard.

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31

Sytsma, Louis F. "ASTM standards on environmental sampling, 2nd ed. ASTM (American Society For Testing and Materials), ASTM, west Conshohocken, PA, (1997), 1010 Pages, [ISBN No.:0-8031-1835-X], U.S. List Price: $99.00." Environmental Progress 18, no. 1 (1999): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670180104.

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32

PASCOE, K. "Composite materials: fatigue and fractureEdited by: H. T. Hahn ASTM STP 907, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1986, 396 pp, $64.00." International Journal of Fatigue 10, no. 1 (January 1988): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(88)90031-x.

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33

Mota, A. F., and M. A. R. Loja. "Mechanical Behavior of Porous Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Materials." C 5, no. 2 (June 22, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c5020034.

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Materials used in biomedical applications need to cope with a wide set of requisites, one of them being their structural adequacy to a specific application. Thus, it is important to understand their behavior under specified standard cases, namely concerning their structural performance. This objective constituted the focus of the present study, where nanocomposite functionally graded materials integrating different porosity distributions were analyzed. To this purpose a set of numerical simulations based on the finite element method, reproducing American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) tensile and bending tests were considered. The results obtained show a good performance of the models implemented through their preliminary verification. It is also possible to conclude that carbon nanotubes and porosity distributions provide different and opposite effects in the context of the nanocomposite materials analyzed.

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34

Giridharan, Guruprasad A., Michael A. Sobieski, Mickey Ising, Mark S. Slaughter, and Steven C. Koenig. "Blood Trauma Testing For Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-45.4.334.

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Abstract Preclinical hemolysis testing is a critical requirement toward demonstrating device safety for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) approval of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSD). FDA and ASTM (formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials) have published guidelines to assist industry with developing study protocols. However, there can be significant variability in experimental procedures, study design, and reporting of data that makes comparison of test and predicate devices a challenge. To overcome these limitations, we present a hemolysis testing protocol developed to enable standardization of hemolysis testing while adhering to FDA and ASTM guidelines. Static mock flow loops primed with fresh bovine blood (600 mL, Hematocrit = 27±5%, heparin titrated for ACT >300 sec) from a single-source donor were created as a platform for investigating test and predicate devices. MCSD differential pressure and temperature were maintained at 80 mmHg and 25°±2° C. Blood samples (3 ml) were collected at 0, 5, 90, 180, 270, 360 minutes to measure CBC and plasma free hemoglobin. This protocol led to 510(k) approval of two adult MCSD and has been used to test novel cannulae and a pediatric MCSD. Standardization of hemolysis testing procedures and transparency of results may enable better blood trauma characterization of MCS devices to facilitate the FDA 510(k) and PMA submission processes and improve clinical outcomes.

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35

Darwesh, Rusul L. M. "Modification of Iraqi Asphalt 40/50 Properties Using Saw Dust (SD) and Natural Rubber Latex." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i2.514.

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The aim of this research is to enhance the fundamental properties for asphalt binder as those spec-ifications relate to performance of asphalt mixtures. In this paper studied the effect of add (2, 4 %) SD in different sizes and (3, 5 and 7%) Natural rubber latex to the straight asphalt 40/50 produced from Al-Dura refinery at 160C, it was added each additive separately and then added together to asphalt in same temperature, then tested physically and mechanically according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the result showed largely improvement.

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36

Graice, Ihab Mamdouh, Maher Y. A. Younan, and Soheir Ahmed Radwan Naga. "Experimental Investigation Into the Fracture Toughness of Polyethylene Pipe Material." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1845478.

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The mechanical behavior of the recently produced gas pipes material PE100 is investigated and compared to the commonly used material PE80 to determine their relative advantages. The two materials show plastic behavior at room temperature. The fracture toughness of the two materials is experimentally determined using the two common elastic plastic fracture mechanics methods: the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) multiple specimen test method for determining the J-R curve of the materials, and the crack opening displacement method. The investigation of the fracture behavior of the two materials includes the effect of the specimen thickness as well as specimen configuration. The experimental tests were carried on the compact tension specimens and the single edge notch bending (SENB) specimens. At −70°C, the materials show elastic behavior, the ASTM test method for determining fracture toughness is applied to SENB specimens to determine KIC of both materials. PE80 shows greater resistance to fracture than PE100.

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Jędral, Arnold. "Review of Testing Methods Dedicated for Sandwich Structures with Honeycomb Core." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2019, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2019-0006.

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Abstract This paper is a review of testing methods dedicated for sandwich type composite structures with honeycomb core. First, information about the composition of sandwich materials structures, their properties, types of core materials and applications in the industry is presented. Mechanical properties were compared in the case of different types of the core material. Later, tests methods needed to describe properties of those materials and normalization organizations which create them were mentioned. The testing methods were divided into two groups: mechanical and physicochemical tests. Mechanical properties are: compressive strength (two types of test), edge compressive strength, shear strength (in two directions) and tension strength (two types of test). Physicochemical properties are: material density, water migration, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Testing methods were described according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. This article is based on professional literature and the author’s experience.

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38

Ramos, I. R., S. B. Valdez, K. R. Zlatev, W. M. Schorr, B. M. Carrillo, M. S. Stoytcheva, I. R. Garcia, and M. M. Martinez. "A virtual instrument for quantitative assessment of pitting corrosion." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2013-1269.

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Purpose – The purpose of this investigation was to develop a digital instrument for the quantitative evaluation of pitting corrosion in metals. Design/methodology/approach – This investigation comprised two central parts: research, testing and monitoring of the formation of pitting by conventional methods and applying American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards, and the development of a virtual instrument based on the LabVIEW 2010 platform. Findings – The methodology used was suitable for the analysis of pitting on carbon steel and aluminum alloy UNS A96061, used in the aerospace industry. Practical implications – This technique allows pits to be to localized, measured and quantified on metallic surfaces, for corrosion evaluation in atmospheric and industrial environments. Originality/value – This combination of conventional and digital methods can assist in corrosion control of pitting in industrial equipment.

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39

Bouzoubaâ, N., A. Bilodeau, B. Tamtsia, and S. Foo. "Carbonation of fly ash concrete: laboratory and field data." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 12 (December 2010): 1535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-081.

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The present study consists of investigating the carbonation resistance of two series of concrete mixtures designed for three classes of concrete (25, 35, and 45 MPa compressive strength at 28 d) and using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) type I Portland cement and two commercially used fly ashes meeting the ASTM standards at the level of 20%, 35%, and 50% of the total weight of cementitious materials. The carbonation resistance was determined on samples moist cured for 3, 7, and 10 d and exposed to a CO2-enriched environment (3% CO2 at 23 °C and 65% relative humidity) for 140 d to accelerate the carbonation; it was also determined on samples moist cured for 7 d and exposed to an indoor and outdoor natural environments for 4 years. A mathematical model allowing the prediction of the depth of accelerated carbonation of fly ash concrete mixtures is presented.

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40

Anggraini, Ineke Febrina, and Renti Utami. "E EVALUASI KINERJA WEATHERING TEST APPARATUS UNTUK ANALISA LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) SESUAI METODE ASTM D - 1837 DI LABORATORIUM PT PERTA-SAMTAN GAS FRACTIONATION PLANT SEI. GERONG." Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika 9, no. 02 (March 20, 2019): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52506/jtpa.v9i02.74.

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LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) merupakan gas hidrokarbon yang diproduksi dari kilang minyak dan kilang gas dengan komponen utama gas propana (C3H8) dan butana (C4H10). LPG merupakan bahan bakar berupa gas yang dicairkan merupakan produk minyak bumi yang diperoleh dari proses distilasi bertekanan tinggi. Sebagai acuannya laboratorium PT Perta-Samtan Gas Fractionation Plant Sei. Gerong menggunakan metoda pengujian yang berdasarkan pada American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D-1837) terhadap analisa Weathering Test. Analisa WeatheringTest ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemurnian yang terdapat dalam produk LPG dengan menggunakan Weathering Test Apparatus pada kondisi operasi alat yang telah ditentukan oleh ASTM D-1837. WeatheringTest adalah analisis Volatility yang dinyatakan dalam suhu penguapan 95% produk. Hasil analisa ini dapat digunakan sebagai indikasi adanya komponenfraksi berat (pentana) pada LPG. Hasil analisa ini sangat berhubungan langsung dengan vapor pressure dan density produk.

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41

Friel, John J. "Precision and bias in quantitative EDS: ASTM results." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010013290x.

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Committee E-04 on Metallography of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) conducted an interlaboratory round robin test program on quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The test program was designed to produce data on which to base a precision and bias statement for quantitative analysis by EDS. Nine laboratories were sent specimens of two well characterized materials, a type 308 stainless steel, and a complex mechanical alloy from Inco Alloys International, Inconel® MA 6000. The stainless steel was chosen as an example of a straightforward analysis with no special problems. The mechanical alloy was selected because elements were present in a wide range of concentrations; K, L, and M lines were involved; and Ta was severely overlapped with W. The test aimed to establish limits of precision that could be routinely achieved by capable laboratories operating under real world conditions. The participants were first allowed to use their own best procedures, but later were instructed to repeat the analysis using specified conditions: 20 kV accelerating voltage, 200s live time, ∼25% dead time and ∼40° takeoff angle. They were also asked to run a standardless analysis.

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42

Fachrizal, Ahmad, Tiara Verita Yastica, and Djoko Sihono Gabriel. "Effect of Repetitive Recycling on the Optical Properties of Polypropylene Based on Material Value Conservation Paradigm." Materials Science Forum 1032 (May 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1032.23.

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Good quality of plastic packaging waste has the potential to be recycled, as it can be used as raw material for the next packaging products. Recycling is preeminent due to the grave necessity of decreasing plastic production rate, especially for packaging industries which are known to use more plastic compared to other sectors. Material value conservation is a new paradigm which can be implemented through a new category of design for recycling in order to avoid value degradation. Implementations of this paradigm has produced better quality processed plastic waste with higher selling price. Applied with this paradigm, recycled plastic pellets can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its mechanical properties, even after the 8th stage of recycling. This study aims to reveal the effect of repetitive recycling on the optical properties of polypropylene with implementation of material value conservation paradigm, to strengthen previous evidence of the implementation of the material value conservation paradigm on plastic packaging whether repetitive recycling plastic packaging can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties. Optical properties observed in this research were based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, which are consisted of colour (ASTM D2244), gloss (ASTM D2457) and transparency (ASTM D1746). The result of this study indicated that even after the 8th stage of recycling, plastic pellet of polypropylene still can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties, with more attention on transparency property.

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43

WESTON, RICHARD. "Automated Manufacturing (ASTM STP 862), Edited by LEONARD B. GARDNER. (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1985.) [Pp. 413.] Price £3800." International Journal of Production Research 25, no. 2 (February 1987): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548708928130.

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44

TSCHEGG, E. "Fatigue at low temperaturesEdited by: R. I. Stephens ASTM STP 857, American Society for Testing and Materials (1985) 324 pp £30." International Journal of Fatigue 8, no. 3 (July 1986): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(86)90016-2.

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45

Hammond, Harry K. "ASTM Standards on Color and Appearance Measurement, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4th Edition, 1994, pp. 446 + xviii. Price $69.00." Color Research & Application 19, no. 6 (December 1994): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080190610.

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46

Acosta, Andrey Pereira, Kelvin Techera Barbosa, Henrique Romer Schulz, Ezequiel Gallio, and Darci Alberto Gatto. "COMPOSITOS POLÍMERO-MADEIRA PREPARADOS POR POLIMERIZAÇÃO in situ COM MMA EM PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE Pinus elliottii." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 5, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v5i1.67534.

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Este estudo tem como objetivo, a avaliação de propriedades físicas de Pinus elliottii polimerizada in situ com metacrilato de metila. Para isso, foram confeccionados corpos de prova de 25 mm x 25 mm x 50 mm. As análises foram conduzidas por meio das técnicas normativas da ASTM - American society for testing and materials D 143-94 (ASTM, 2014) e D 2395 (ASTM, 2017). As madeiras tratadas com metacrilato de metila apresentaram valores médios inferiores de massa específica básica e valores superiores relacionados a questões de retratibilidade (inchamento e contração), quando comparadas ao grupo controle, sendo significativas tais diferenças para determinadas propriedades, tais como, massa específica básica, contração e inchamento linear máxima no plano tangencial. Determinados parâmetros físicos, como inchamento, contração, massa específica aparente e estabilidade dimensional da madeira apresentam características de serem diretamente ou inversamente proporcional, conforme constatado na correlação de Pearson. Nesse contexto, constatou-se modificações nas propriedades físicas analisadas, com incremento de 79,05% na massa especifica aparente e uma subtração para a contração e inchamento proporcionando a madeira de Pinus elliottii uma otimização em sua estabilidade dimensional.

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47

Liao, Wen-Cheng, Po-Shao Chen, Chung-Wen Hung, and Suyash Kishor Wagh. "An Innovative Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete by Applying the Strut-and-Tie Methodology." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122776.

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Tensile strength is one of the important mechanical properties of concrete, but it is difficult to measure accurately due to the brittle nature of concrete in tension. The three widely used test methods for measuring the tensile strength of concrete each have their shortcomings: the direct tension test equipment is not easy to set up, particularly for alignment, and there are no standard test specifications; the tensile strengths obtained from the test method of splitting tensile strength (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C496) and that of flexural strength of concrete (ASTM C78) are significantly different from the actual tensile strength owing to mechanisms of methodologies and test setup. The objective of this research is to develop a new concrete tensile strength test method that is easy to conduct and the result is close to the direct tension strength. By applying the strut-and-tie concept and modifying the experimental design of the ASTM C78, a new concrete tensile strength test method is proposed. The test results show that the concrete tensile strength obtained by this proposed method is close to the value obtained from the direct tension test for concrete with compressive strengths from 25 to 55 MPa. It shows that this innovative test method, which is precise and easy to conduct, can be an effective alternative for tensile strength of concrete.

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48

Geringer, J. W., Y. Katoh, S. Gonczy, T. Burchell, M. Mitchell, M. Jenkins, and W. Windes. "ASME Code Rules and ASTM Standards Integration for Ceramic Composite Core Materials and Components¹." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2048, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2048/1/012020.

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Abstract Fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites have many desirable properties for high-temperature nuclear applications, including excellent thermal and mechanical properties and reasonable to outstanding radiation resistance. Over the last 20 years, the use of ceramic composite materials has already expanded in many commercial nonnuclear industries as fabrication and application technologies mature. The new ASME design and construction rules under Section III, Subsection HH, Subpart B lay out the requirements and criteria for materials, design, machining and installation, inspection, examination, testing, and the marking procedure for ceramic composite core components, which is similar to the established graphite code under Section III, Subsection HH, Subpart A. Moreover, the general requirements listed in Section III, Subsection HA, Subpart B are also expanded to include ceramic composite materials. The code rules rely heavily on the development and publication of standards for composite specification, classification, and testing of mechanical, thermal, and other properties. These test methods are developed in the American Society for Testing and Materials Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics with a current focus on ceramic composite tubes. Details of the composites code, design methodology, and similarities to the graphite code, as well as guidance for the development of specifications for ceramic composites for nuclear application and recent standard developments, are discussed. The next step is to “close the gap” to support licensing aspects by validating the code with benchmarking data.

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Patro, Brundaban, D. Shashidhar, B. Rajeshwer, and Saroj Kumar Padhi. "Preparation and Testing of PAN Carbon/Epoxy Resin Composites." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01711010014.

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Background: Due to light weight, high performance and excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers are considered a key material in the 21st century. These are extensively used in many industries for structural usages, such as aerospace, aeronautical, sporting goods applications, and automotive and medical devices, due to their desirable strength to weight properties. Now, these are globally accepted as a high performance and high-strength material. Most of the carbon fibers are derived from polyacrylonitrile fiber precursor. These materials have the potential for fire hazards caused due to heat, smoke, and electric short circuit. Objective: To prepare polyacrylonitrile carbon and epoxy resin laminates in multilayers by hand-lay-up method and testing by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. Method: Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites are prepared using the hand-lay-up method. For the non-destructive testing, the ultrasonic type is used. For the destructive testing, a universal testing machine is used to test the tensile test, the flexural test and the inter-laminar shear stress test, as per the ASTM standard. Subsequently, the physical properties, such as the density test and the fiber content, the resin content and the void content tests of the laminate are carried out. Results: The experimental results show that the matrix laminates have good mechanical and physical properties. Conclusion: Preparation and testing of polyacrylonitrile carbon/epoxy resin composites are carried out and the prepared laminates exhibit good mechanical and physical properties. Hence, the laminates can be used in many industrial and commercial applications, as a composite material.

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Höpfner, W. "ASTM standards for maintenance, repair and operations in the chemical process industry. 1059 Seiten, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM, Philadelphia 1994, £ 99.00, ISBN 0-8031-1785-X." Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 48, no. 7 (July 1997): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19970480711.

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