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1
Idacavage, Sara, and Jeanne Swadosh. "Case study on cataloguing fashion adaptations." Art Libraries Journal 42, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2016.45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Herbert Sondheim, Inc. scrapbooks in the New School Archives and Special Collections document the activities of a notable early to mid-20th-century New York-based manufacturer of ready-to-wear women's fashions. A precursor to the contemporary fast fashion industry, Sondheim's employees sketched and kept detailed notes on materials and construction of garments produced by Parisian designers, which the firm then adapted into more affordable and easily obtainable apparel for American consumers. A retrospective visual materials cataloguing project resulting from a graduate student's interest in the collection led to the online availability of over 1200 sketches of fashion adaptations and challenged archives staff to develop appropriate descriptive metadata for a fragmented, ambiguous and complex documentary record.
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MINCHIN, TIMOTHY J. "The Crompton Closing: Imports and the Decline of America's Oldest Textile Company." Journal of American Studies 47, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the demise of the Crompton Company, which filed for bankruptcy in October 1984, causing 2,450 workers in five states to lose their jobs. Crompton was founded in 1807 in Providence, Rhode Island and when it went out of business it was the oldest textile firm in the country, having been in continuous operation for 178 years. Despite its history, scholars have overlooked Crompton, partly because most work on deindustrialization has concentrated on heavy manufacturing industries, especially steel and automobiles. I argue that Crompton's demise throws much light on the broader decline of the American textile and apparel industry, which has lost over two million jobs since the mid-1970s, and shows that textiles deserve a more central place in the literature. Using company papers, this study shows that imports played the central role in causing Crompton's decline, although there were also other problems, including the strong dollar, declining exports, and a reluctance to diversify, which contributed to it. The paper also explores broader trends, including the earlier flight of the industry from New England to the South and the industry's unsuccessful campaign to pass import-restriction legislation, a fight in which Crompton's managers were very involved.
3
Milner, Helen. "Resisting the protectionist temptation: industry and the making of trade policy in France and the United States during the 1970s." International Organization 41, no. 4 (1987): 639–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why were advanced industrial states able to keep their economies relatively open to foreign trade in the 1970s and the early 1980s, despite declining U.S. hegemony and increasing economic difficulties? This article argues that an international-level change affected domestic trade politics and contributed to the maintenance of a liberal trading system. Examining the United States and France, the argument proceeds in two steps, showing first how domestic trade politics were changed and second how this change affected the policy process. Initially, I argue that aspects of the increased international economic interdependence of the postwar period altered domestic trade politics by creating new, anti-protectionist preferences among certain firms. Firms with extensive international ties through exports, multinational production, and global intra-firm trade have come to oppose protectionism, since it is very costly for them. Evidence for these new preferences was apparent among both American and French industries. Despite different contexts, firms in the two countries reacted similarly to the growth of interdependence. Next, I ask whether firms' preferences affected trade policy outcomes and show how these preferences were integrated into the policy process in both countries. Trade policy structures in neither country prevented firms' preferences from affecting the policies adopted. Even in France, a so-called “strong” state, firms' preferences were a key influence on policy. In the trade policy area then, the French and American states did not appear to differ greatly in their susceptibility to industry influence, even though their policy processes were different.
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Wickramasinghe, G. L. D., and Vathsala Wickramasinghe. "Implementation of lean production practices and manufacturing performance." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 28, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2016-0112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of lean production practices and lean duration (the duration for which lean production is in operation) on manufacturing performance. Design/methodology/approach The survey was used as the main method of data collection. In addition to survey data collected from 1,189 respondents from export-based textile and apparel firms operating in Sri Lanka, longitudinal data were collected over a period of seven months from a firm in the study sample to corroborate the survey findings. Findings The findings revealed that lean production practices significantly enhance manufacturing performance. Further findings revealed the importance of the duration of lean production in operation in achieving higher levels of manufacturing performance. This provides empirical support for the contention that the adoption of lean production can only be achieved through time. Practical implications Findings have implications for practices of export-based textile and apparel producing countries from Asia, Latin and Central America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and North Africa, which are competing intensively with each other for their market share in the global export-based textile and apparel production. Originality/value Manufacturing firms are adopting production methods and management practices to become leaner and fitter to create a new labour intensive production model that generate distinctive internal capabilities for survival and growth in international markets. Academics and practitioners in the field of manufacturing technologies will be interested in better understanding how lean production practices would enhance manufacturing performance from a non-western developing country context.
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Bernal, Raquel, Marcela Meléndez, Marcela Eslava, and Alvaro Pinzón. "<div>Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes: Firms’ Employment and Wages after the 2012 Colombian Tax Reform</div>." Economía 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31389/eco.51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2012 Colombian tax reform reduced payroll taxes and employer contributions to health insurance by 13.5 percent, while also increasing corporate income taxes and leaving untouched the benefits to workers financed through these taxes. Shifting taxation from formal employment to other business activities is a policy recipe under heated discussion in Latin America. The reform offers an ideal laboratory for studying empirically the potential distortions against formal employment associated with payroll taxes in contrast to other taxes on firms. We analyze the impact of the reform on employment and wages using monthly firm-level data on all formal employment in nonpublic firms in the country and a difference-in-differences approach that takes advantage of the fact that a few sectors were exempt from the 2012 tax reform. We find a positive average effect of 4.3 percent on employment and 2.7 percent on average firm wages, for the average firm. The employment effect is found only for micro and small firms, whereas the bulk of the employment is concentrated in medium and large firms, which show no significant effect. According to these estimates, about 145,000 new jobs were created between January and May of 2015 by virtue of the reform. These results are generally supportive of efforts to reduce payroll taxes, though our findings on employment are less robust than those on wages, and large firms do not seem to have benefitted. The apparent lack of effect for medium and large employers is also a source of concern. We speculate that it may be due to these firms’ being more sensitive to the increase in corporate taxation that financed the reduction in payroll taxes, but lack of access to the relevant data prevents us from offering solid evidence regarding this hypothesis.
JEL Codes: H25, H32
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Urban-Mead, Wendy. "Negotiating 'Plainness' and Gender: Dancing and Apparel at Christian Weddings in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe, 1913-1944." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 2 (2008): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x289684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis article analyzes the phenomena of dancing and wedding apparel in weddings of rural members of an unusual Protestant denomination of Anabaptist origins in Matabeleland, colonial Zimbabwe. The focus is on gendered aspects of African Christian adaptation of mission teaching amongst Ndebele members of the Brethren in Christ Church. The church in North America was firm at home on the matter of dancing (it was forbidden), and internally conflicted regarding men's garb. In the decades preceding World War II, African members of the church embraced fashionable dress for grooms and dancing at wedding feasts as common practice at BICC weddings. However, in a gendered pattern reflecting Ndebele, colonial and mission ideas of women's subjection, African women's bridal wear adhered to church teaching on Plainness, while African men's did not.
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Rosen, Ellen I. "Women Workers in a Restructured Domestic Apparel Industry." Economic Development Quarterly 8, no. 2 (May 1994): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249400800209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the context of theories of gender and skill, this article provides an analysis of the way new efforts to restructure domestic apparel production are affecting women production workers. The theoretical framework embodies the notion that skill has traditionally been defined by the work that men do. Women's socially and culturally devalued position has relegated them to labor-intensive, low-wage work, traditionally seen as unskilled. The emergence of new forms of international trade, changing U.S. policies, and transformations in America's financial and retail markets have contributed to new forms of labor intensity for women apparel operators. Evidence from a study of the men's tailored clothing industry and other firms producing comparable garments leads to the conclusion that efforts to restructure domestic apparel production through flexible manufacturing tend to create new forms of taylorist production in certain segments of the industry. Rather than improving the quality of work for women apparel operators, flexible manufacturing tends to intensify the labor of these workers and may have the potential to contribute to their experience of declining wages.
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Frischtak, Claudio. "Multinational Firms' Responses to Integration of Latin American Markets." Business and Politics 6, no. 1 (April 2004): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses how MNCs reacted to NAFTA and MERCOSUR in terms of their investment and operations patterns in three sectors - automotive, electronics, and apparel - and assesses the likely impact of the upcoming Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). It shows that NAFTA functioned – at least in its first years - as an investment relocation engine, while MNCs' reaction to MERCOSUR was significant only in the automotive sector. The emergence of China and other Asian economies, with their low cost and vast markets, and the progressive enlargement in the scope of MNCs operations, seem to diminish the economic relevance of NAFTA and MERCOSUR. FTAA may provide a new impetus to the integration of the automotive industry in the Americas, and a stronger rationale for a slowdown of plant relocation to Asia in light industries such as electronics and garments. But it is unlikely that it will reverse current trends which point to Asia – with China at the epicenter – as the global magnet for manufacturing and exports.
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Millberg, Will. "Gary Gereffi, David Spener, and Jennifer Bair,Free Trade and Uneven Development: The North American Apparel Industry After Nafta. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002. 426 pp. $27.95 paper." International Labor and Working-Class History 68 (October 2005): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547905260234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As textile and apparel production has been at the center of almost every major episode of industrialization since the sixteenth century, so too has it been a vanguard sector in the process of deindustrialization experienced by advanced capitalist countries beginning in the twentieth century. Thus it is no surprise that this sector would play a fascinating role in the world's first postcolonial effort at economic integration between two countries at vastly different levels of economic development. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), implemented in 1994, was expected to speed the two already ongoing trends of a rising apparel sector in Mexico and a steadily declining sector in the United States. US apparel firms would be expected to be an important contributor to Ross Perot's infamous “sucking sound” of jobs moving from the US to Mexico.
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Michaud, Marie-Christine. "Nuovomondo, Ellis Island, and Italian Immigrants: A New Appraisal by Emanuele Crialese." Quaderni d'italianistica 38, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v38i1.31140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ellis Island remains in the American collective consciousness a centre of immigration where thousands of Europeans who expected to enter the United States between 1892 and 1954, went through. As such, Ellis Island was a symbolic bridge between the Old World and the New. It is the vision of this bridge, or rather a no man’s land between the two worlds that Emanuele Crialese wants to give of Ellis Island in his movie Nuovomondo (Golden Door in the international version). It deals with the journey to America of a Sicilian family at the beginning of the 20th century. It is divided into three parts, one in Sicily dealing with the departure; the second one is the journey on the ship; the third one extensively deals with the arrival on Ellis Island. The film is rather realistic in the sense that it is widely based upon archival material, which becomes apparent when comparing photographs taken at the turn of the century and the scenes from the movie taking place in Ellis Island. By being realistic Crialese first associates Ellis Island to an alienating island, a devilish place where immigrants experienced trauma and humiliation, even possible deportation. The study of the staging reveals that the place is often seen as a prison and that it is linked to confusion and misunderstanding between the immigrants, their dreams and the requirements of the American immigration officers. Nevertheless, the movie is optimistic and displays a hopeful image of Ellis Island. The main characters manage to be admitted in America then seen as a Promised Land. But, the United States is never presented in the film, which provides a feeling of unreachability, as if Emanuele Crialese had wanted to challenge the myth of “il Nuovomondo” as a Promised Land.
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Ferriter, Courtney D. "The Uses of Race and Religion: James Baldwin’s Pragmatist Politics in The Fire Next Time." James Baldwin Review 2, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jbr.2.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin argues that the American dream is far from being a reality in part because there is much Americans do not wish to know about themselves. Given the current political climate in the United States, this idea seems just as timely as it did in the 1960s. Baldwin’s politics and thinking about race and religion are informed by an optimistic belief in the human capacity to love and change for the better, in contrast with Ta-Nehisi Coates, the heir apparent to Baldwin’s legacy. Considering current events, it seems particularly useful to turn back to The Fire Next Time. Not only does Baldwin provide a foundation for understanding racism in the United States, but more importantly, he provides some much-needed hope and guidance for the future. Baldwin discusses democracy as an act that must be realized, in part by coming to a greater understanding of race and religion as performative acts that have political consequences for all Americans. In this article, I examine the influence of pragmatism on Baldwin’s understanding of race and religion. By encouraging readers to acknowledge race and religion as political constructs, Baldwin highlights the inseparability of theory and practice that is a hallmark of both pragmatism and the realization of a democratic society. Furthermore, I argue that Baldwin’s politics provide a more useful framework than Coates’s for this particular historical moment because of Baldwin’s emphasis on change and evolving democracy.
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Downey, Lynn. "Blue Denim by the Bay: The Levi Strauss & Co. Archives." Costume 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963009x419782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The designer Bill Blass once famously stated that Levi's jeans are 'the best single item of apparel ever designed'. He may not have known, however, that his couture firm and Levi Strauss & Co. were two of only a handful of clothing companies to have formal archives programmes in place in the United States of America as the millennium approached. Established in 1989, the Levi Strauss & Co. Archives is now the benchmark for other denim and apparel companies who have recognized the usefulness of heritage in clothing design and marketing, among other business applications. This article surveys the founding of Levi Strauss & Co., the invention and development of the blue jean, the holdings and management of the company's Archives, its work with designers, how it supports advertising and branding, then concludes with an in-depth exploration of a few of the collection's most rare and valuable pieces.
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Frutos-Bencze, Dina. "Country and Firm Level Environmental Sustainability in Latin America and the MENA Region." Cyrus Global Business Perspectives 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52212/cgbp2021-v6i1m1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper examines and describes country and firm level trends as related to environmental sustainability in selected Latin American, Middle East & North Africa (MENA) countries. Composite indexes such as the Human Development Index, the Ecological Footprint Index and Biocapacity ratios provide a snapshot of a country’s environmental sustainability level over time. Firm level sustainability is based on a qualitative analysis of companies using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework and UN Global Compact participation. At the national level, all the selected countries, except Argentina, do not meet the environmental sustainability criteria. However, despite the lack of integration between initiatives proposed by different institutions, firm level sustainability trends are positive and encouraging, albeit not sufficient. The need of a concerted effort to align different organizations and institutions regarding sustainability initiatives in the studied regions is apparent. The synergies between these initiatives are also explored.
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許炳華, 許炳華. "時尚設計著作權可分離性論戰──以美國Star Athletica案為核心". 中正財經法學 18, № 18 (січень 2019): 215–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207873752019010018004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
美國著作權法之概念上分離自1954年起即引發時尚業及司法實務之混亂，在著作權法之範疇，將美感與實用放在一起總是引發違和之感覺，實用性物品之可著作性為今日著作權法最艱難的爭議之一，「可分離性」原則即被用以處理上開疑難，然而該等原則描述容易，適用卻是困難，而多種現存之概念上分離的標準，使得著作權對於實用性物品之保護成為著作權法中最困難之領域，單一之標準容或降低司法實務間之緊張關係，而得以提供穩定之先例及可預測之結果。美國聯邦最高法院在最近之Star Athletica, L. L. C. v. Varsity Brands, Inc.案即被認為有釐清上開難題之機會，Star Athletica案提出可分離性之新途徑，著作權法並未定義可分離性，Star Athletica案可謂司法意欲填補該等模糊空間最新之嘗試，然而仍被批評所提出之標準缺乏明確性及清晰之指引，多數意見僅僅對法條加以釋義，且對於功能性之理論視若無睹。不過，Star Athletica案亦被認為對於時尚及配件產業，可謂恩賜，如果寬鬆地適用Star Athletica案最高法院所提出之新標準，有可能具備藝術特徵之實用性物品獲得著作權保護之機會將大增。 Conceptual separability in U. S. copyright law has been causing confusion in the fashion industry amongst American since 1954. In copyright law, the marriage of beauty and utility often proves fraught. One of the most difficult issues arising under the Copyright Act today is the copyrightability of useful articles. Seperability doctrine is used to deal with the issues. The doctrine has been easy to state but difficult to apply. The numerous existing tests for conceptual separability have made copyright protection of useful articles an exceedingly difficult area of copyright law. A single test for conceptual separability would alleviate conflict and tension with the judicial system, which would provide firm precedent and predictable outcomes. In Star Athletica, L. L. C. v. Varsity Brands, Inc., the U. S. Supreme Court had an opportunity to clarify the issues. In Star Athletica case, the Supreme Court recently unveiled a new approach to separability. The Copyright Act does not define separability, and Star Athletica is the latest judicial effort to try to fill that void. But the reasoning of Star Athletica still lacks clarity. The majority did little more than paraphrase the statue, and downplayed the functionality concern. Even so, Star Athletica decision is predictrd to be a boon to the fashion and apparel industry.
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Duncan, Christopher M. "Community and the American Village on Paradise Drive." Public Voices 9, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author argues that at the root of American culture is an apparent, though illusory, paradox of a people who are at one and the same time thoroughly individualistic and voraciously communal. This paradox is not only part of the American cultural fabric, it is built directly and purposefully into the U.S. constitutional system itself. By using their individual choice to choose various forms of community, Americans were able to sustain and reproduce the social capital necessary to remain the functional community of communities the constitutional scheme depended upon and prevent the slide into egoism and narcissism that would result in their own personal alienation. In this way, what was once thought to require virtue, discipline and obedience could seemingly beproduced by self-interested individualism, the pursuit of happiness and the willingness to respect the rules (read rights of others) of the larger political game.The author explores this idea on two recent “texts” that capture in very general ways a dominant trend in the relationship between community and culture in the contemporary United States. The first text is the recent film by the current master of suspense in American movies M. Night Shymalan The Village (2004). The second is the recent work of non-fiction by the conservative political journalist and regular news commentator David Brooks titled On Paradise Drive: How We Live Now (And Always Have) in the Future Tense (2004).
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Choudhury, Barnali. "Gender Diversity on Boards: Beyond Quotas." European Business Law Review 26, Issue 1 (February 1, 2015): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2015012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Worldwide there is a growing interest in increasing the number of women on boards. Quotas have been proposed in many countries as a way to address this problem, but it is not universally accepted as the right approach. Nevertheless, it is apparent that change is needed as women continue to represent minorities on boards of some of the largest companies. Moreover, increasing the number of women on boards can be beneficial to firms. While it is not clear whether there is a positive relationship between increasing the number of women on boards and firm profitability, it is clearer that women make positive contributions to the board decision-making process. As a result, increasing the number of women on boards improves the quality of decisions made by the board. Given the benefits increased numbers of women on boards can produce for companies and countries' lacklustre interest in quotas, this paper canvasses methods by which boards can increase female representation without relying on quotas. As such, it looks to practices adopted by American football teams, Australian mentoring programs, and UK disclosure rules. It also examines existing workplace norms and practices which inhibit female labour participation. In doing so, it proposes alternative approaches by which countries can increase gender diversity on boards.
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Singer, Jack, Rob Turnbull, Mark Foster, Charles Bettigole, Brent Frey, Michelle Downey, Kristofer Covey, and Mark Ashton. "Sudden Aspen Decline: A Review of Pattern and Process in a Changing Climate." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The American quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and its close relative, the Eurasian quaking aspen (Populus tremula L.), cover a realm that is perhaps the most expansive of all tree species in the world. In North America, sudden aspen decline (SAD) is a growing concern that marks the rapid decline of quaking aspen trees leading to mortality at the stand and landscape scale. Research suggests that drought and water stress are the primary causes of SAD. Predisposing factors (age, structure, and landscape position), as well as associated stressors (i.e., pests and pathogens), have been linked to mortality in affected stands. The conflation of multiple interacting factors across the aspen’s broad geographic range in North America has produced significant debate over the classification of SAD as a disease and the proper management of affected stands. Interestingly, no such effects have been reported for the Eurasian aspen. We here review and synthesize the growing body of literature for North America and suggest that SAD is a novel decline disease resulting from multiple inciting and interacting factors related to climate, land-use history, and successional dynamics. We suggest that the range of aspen observed at the onset of the 21st Century was bolstered by a wet period in western North America that coincided with widespread regional cutting and clearing of late-successional forests for timber and grazing. No comparable land-use history, successional status, or age-class structure is apparent or linked for Eurasian forests. Eurasian aspen is either absent or young in managed forests, or old and decadent in parks in Fenno-Scandinavia, or it grows more intimately with a more diverse mixture of tree species that have arisen from a longer period of frequent timber cutting in Russia. Based on these insights we provide recommendations for practical management techniques that can promote stand resilience and recovery across a range of stand conditions in North America. Managers should attempt to identify SAD-prone stands using the presence of predisposing conditions and focus treatments such as coppice or prescribed fire on stands with suitable topographies, elevations, and climates. We conclude that SAD will persist throughout the coming decades, given the enormity of past cutting history, fire exclusion, and current changes in climate until a more active restoration agenda is implemented.
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Tewari, Meenu. "Is Price and Cost Competitiveness Enough for Apparel Firms to Gain Market Share in the World after Quotas? A Review." Global Economy Journal 6, no. 4 (November 23, 2006): 1850096. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper challenges the frequently held position that price, volumes and cost-competitiveness will be enough for export success among apparel producers in supplier countries post-MFA. Based on a review of the growing literature on the changing organization of production and trade regimes in the global textiles and apparel industry, the paper argues that while cost-competitiveness is important, several additional, non-price and institutional factors are key to the competitiveness of textile and apparel producers going forward. In an environment of volatility and intensified competition where buyers increasingly demand variety, quality, and timely delivery in addition to price, competing on the basis of low wages and large volumes can lock producers at the lowest end of the value chain where price competition is the harshest and where opportunities to cultivate the skills needed to sustain competitiveness are limited. The paper illustrates this with examples from China, India and Latin America. Specifically, it makes the point that the attribution of China's remarkable export performance in textiles and apparel to its low labor costs and large production scales is, in part, a misreading of the China story. China's unit costs are low, and its production scales enormous, but they are embedded within crucial abilities, key investments by the state, and access to world class distribution networks organized by locally rooted Hong Kong, Taiwanese and South Korean companies that have helped lower the "costs" of large scales of operation (i.e., of rigidity) in the context of uncertain markets. The end of quotas, and the ongoing churning in the global division of labor can be an opportunity for apparel firms to chart an alternative growth path based on deeper skills, innovation, design and quality upgrading, in addition to low unit costs.
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Rancourt, Michael A. "Shaping mnemonic opportunity: Remembering Iraq in American Sniper." Memory Studies 13, no. 2 (September 22, 2017): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017730868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article contributes to scholarship on public memory by developing a rhetorical model of “mnemonic opportunity.” Scholars of collective memory, especially sociologists influenced by the political process model of social movement research, have conceived of mnemonic opportunity as a more or less objective set of circumstances that determine a group’s actions. I modify this view by calling on rhetorical theory which demonstrates the ways rhetors shape the apparent situation to which they ostensibly respond. The result is a view of rhetors shaping mnemonic opportunity by associating their version of events with resonant concepts in the culture and, thus, better influencing public memory. I offer a critical reading of the film American Sniper to examine how the text shapes and exploits opportunities to remember the Iraq War positively through the popular figure of the Navy SEAL as a masculine western hero.
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Farish, Matthew. "Cities in Shade: Urban Geography and the Uses of Noir." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23, no. 1 (February 2005): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper historicizes American cities after the Second World War through the rich motif of noir literature and film. But, in doing so, the paper is also a critical consideration of noir's work in urban studies. Noir has been drawn, often usefully but also unfortunately, away from its referents, from the terrain that it most directly summons but also from the spaces in which its contradictions are most apparent. Moving from a discussion of the distractions of Chinatown to contextual themes such as mobility and ruin, the paper links noir criticism and noir texts with broader debates in postwar urbanism and modernism. As just part of these discourses, noir not only is irreducible to certain essences, but can potentially perform the opposite role, challenging conventions of urban understanding and practice. The result would be a more detailed and subtle account of modernism's American geographies.
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Knowles, Ric. "“The Eighth Fire”." Theatre Survey 57, no. 3 (August 10, 2016): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557416000399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Anishinaabe people of Turtle Island [North America] have a teaching called the Seven Fire Prophecies, which clocks the history of our time on this land, from how we received our earliest teachings, through the arrival of the “light-skinned race,” through the loss of our ways. According to many of our teachers, we are now living in the time of the seventh fire, a time when there will be “a rebirth of the Anishinaabe nations and a re-kindling of the sacred fire.”The eight fire is an extension of the prophecies, a suggestion and a wish that now is the time for the Indigenous people and the settler communities to work together to achieve justice, to live together in a good way.—Yvette Nolan (Algonquin), Medicine ShowsIn many disciplines where it has become apparent that scholarship has been one of the key technologies of colonization, complicit in the exploitation and decimation of the land and its human and nonhuman inhabitants, there has been a (re)turn to ways of knowing that are not about power/knowledge—naming, disciplining, categorizing, objectifying, and isolating elements—but about relationality, reciprocity, respect, and what Opaskwayak Cree scholar Shawn Wilson discusses under the principle, shared across many Indigenous cultures, of “relational accountability.”
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Carrizales, Tony. "The Positive Image of Public Servants in Editorial Cartoons (1999 - 2003)." Public Voices 11, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The editorial cartoon has been a part of American culture since the beginning of the nation’s founding. The following review of editorial cartoons takes a specific look at public servants who are not in the political spotlight, such as teachers, police, fire and postal service men and women. Through a review of editorial cartoons from 1999-2003, it becomes apparent that there are positive images of public servants amid the numerous negative ones published daily. The selection of cartoons, most notably those following the attacks of September 11, 2001, highlights that heroism and service can be transcended through cartoons as with any other form of art.
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Hagemann, Tauri. "Food for the Dogs: Consumption and Wealth Inequality in Bong Joon-Ho's Parasite." Digital Literature Review 8, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.8.1.96-102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bong Joon-Ho’s film Parasite was remarkable for being a foreign film that took home multiple Academy Awards in February of 2020, making waves for its potent message about class divide and wealth inequality in South Korea. Bong Joon-Ho makes a very clear point throughout the film of emphasizing this class inequality, especially through the production and consumption of food by either party. In this essay, I analyze the ways in which food throughout the film symbolizes the divide between rich and poor, then take these scenes and use contemporary research to further build on how food is a signifier of class and wealth universally. From the Kim family sitting around a small kitchen table eating what looks like food from a vending machine, to using a fruit someone is allergic to as a weapon against them, there is a clear indication consistently throughout the film of food as a signifier of status and class. From this point, I will take this divide and analyze its significance to the modern culture and society of South Korea, then further apply this to its relevancy in a modern United States wherein this current wealth gap is also increasingly apparent. Parasite was a foreign film that flourished in American society—both are countries wherein a capitalist ‘meritocracy’ rules for the most part, and an analysis of the culture around the film will show the ways in which the cultures that consumed this media are similar in their class divides.
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Harvey, William J., Nathan Stansell, Sandra Nogué, and Katherine J. Willis. "The Apparent Resilience of the Dry Tropical Forests of the Nicaraguan Region of the Central American Dry Corridor to Variations in Climate Over the Last C. 1200 Years." Quaternary 2, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2030025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) is the most densely populated area of the Central American Isthmus and is subject to the greatest variability in precipitation between seasons. The vegetation of this region is composed of Dry Tropical Forests (DTF), which are suggested to be highly susceptible to variations in climate and anthropogenic development. This study examines the vulnerability of past DTF surrounding the Asese peninsula, Nicaragua to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances over the past c. 1200 years. Past vegetation, climate, burning, and animal abundance were reconstructed using proxy analysis of fossil pollen, diatoms, macroscopic charcoal, and Sporormiella. Results from this research suggest that DTF have been highly resilient to past climatic and anthropogenic perturbations. Changes in DTF structure and composition appear to be linked to the abundance and intensity of fire. Pre-Columbian anthropogenic impacts on DTF are not detected in the record; however, DTF taxa decline slightly after European contact (1522 C.E.). Overall the DTF for the Nicaraguan region of the CADC were found to be highly resilient to both climatic and anthropogenic disturbances, suggesting that this region will continue to be resilient in the face of future population expansion and climatic variation.
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Martin, Daniel. "Reanimating the Dark Knight: Superheroes, Animation and the Critical Reception of The Lego Batman Movie." Animation 15, no. 1 (March 2020): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746847719898785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the critical reception of The Lego Batman Movie (Chris McKay, 2017) in the context of Batman’s long history of multimedia storytelling, anchored to divergent parallel narratives across numerous platforms, and the ways the film appeals to nostalgia through metatextuality. The manner in which critics championed The Lego Batman Movie and derided the earlier live-action Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (Zack Snyder, 2016) gave rise to a complex discourse around the cultural value of animation and the larger blockbuster superhero cycle, and discussions of morality, merchandising and commercialism. This article therefore engages with questions of animation’s apparent suitability for particular kinds of child-centric narratives regarded by critics as a vital part of American popular culture.
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Ikenberry, G. John. "The irony of state strength: comparative responses to the oil shocks in the 1970s." International Organization 40, no. 1 (1986): 105–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300004495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Like two gigantic waves, the oil shocks crested over the advanced industrial world during the 1970s. The relatively stable postwar petroleum regime, managed by the large oil firms and protected by American diplomatic and military strength, collapsed. In seven years crude oil prices, adjusted for inflation, increased more than 500 percent. A multitude of national security, economic, and political challenges confronted the advanced industrial states. But unlike war, where the threat is observable and lines of conflict quickly become apparent, the oil shocks cast up problems that were more insidious—problems of energy security, economic adjustment, and industrial competitiveness. These international dilemmas could be defined in various ways, and a host of policy responses could be brought to bear upon them.
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Norðfjörð, Björn Ægir. "Ljós í myrkri: Saga kvikmyndunar á Íslandi." Íslenskar kvikmyndir 19, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ritid.19.2.2.
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This essay offers a succinct but comprehensive overview of Icelandic cinema from its early 20th-century emergence to the present day. Split into two parts, the first half focusses on filmmaking in Iceland prior to the founding of the Icelandic Film Fund in 1978, which was to establish a continuous local film production for the first time. Prior to that filmmaking in Iceland boiled down to the occasional efforts of local amateurs, albeit often quite skilled ones, and professional filmmakers visiting from abroad. Indeed, the few silent feature films made in the country all stemmed from foreign filmmakers adapting Icelandic literature and taking advantage of its photogenic landscapes. The first Icelandic feature was not made until 1948 and although immensely popular, like those that followed in its wake, the national audience was simply too small to sustain filmmaking without financial support. Although this changed fundamentally with the Icelandic Film Fund, which instigated contemporary Icelandic cinema and the subject of the essay’s second half, the Fund’s support proved insufficient as the novelty of Icelandic cinema began to wear off at the local box office in the late 1980s. The rescue came from outside sources, in the form of nordic and European film funds, whose support was to transnationalize Icelandic cinema in terms of not only financing and production but also themes and subject material. These changes are most apparent in Icelandic cinema of the 1990s which also began to garner interest at the international film festival circuit. In the first decade of the twenty first century, however, American genre cinema began to replace the European art film as the typical model for Icelandic filmmakers. Hollywood itself also began to show extensive interest in Icelandic landscapes for its runaway productions, as did many other foreign film crews. In this way Icelandic cinema is increasingly characterized by not only national and transnational elements but also international ones.
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Corkery, Georgie, Anna B. Miller, and Paul C. Rogers. "Quaking Aspen in a High-Use Recreation Area: Challenges of People, Ungulates, and Sodium on Landscape Resilience." Land 13, no. 7 (July 6, 2024): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13071003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) landscapes are valued for their biodiversity, water retention, fire mitigation, aesthetics, and recreation opportunities. Across North America, some aspen populations are experiencing population declines as they face uninhibited ungulate browsing, drought, fire suppression, insects, disease, and inappropriate management. Increased human development and recreational use within aspen landscapes can serve as additive stressors, though there is a dearth of literature examining these elements. At a popular recreational area in Utah, USA, identifying the cause of apparent decline within a larger aspen community is complicated by development upstream and recreation-related activities. We sought to (1) assess the overall condition of the aspen at the site, (2) understand key variables that influence aspen conditions, and (3) elucidate how aspen fitness varies across the site. We collected data from forty-five plots using established aspen sampling methods, including ungulate presence, tree characteristics, soil chemistry, and environmental descriptors. Results suggest that a combination of higher levels of browsing and elevated soil sodium may be causing premature mortality and limiting aspen recruitment in a portion of the study area. These findings will inform future management at this site, as well as similar recreational forest settings experiencing compound stressors.
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Mikulic, Borislav. "Perversion and method. Zizek’s "platonic love" for film, dialectics of exemplification and the catastrophe of psychoanalysis in the cinematic discourse of philosophy." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 1 (2013): 381–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1301381m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article discusses the relation between the paradigmatic status of film and use of film analogies in the psychoanalytic discourse on society and culture by Slavoj Zizek, which represents the very ground of his philosophical discourse in general. In the first part, starting with a recent discussion by different English and American scholars on controversial aspects of Slavoj Zizek?s activity in academia and on a broader public scene, the paper discusses on some parallel examples and inherent motivators of the form-content controversy in philosophy and pop-culture as well as Zizek?s interpretation of his position. In the second part, the article discusses Zizek?s sporadic meta-reflection on exemplification and provides arguments for the thesis that, in Zizek, on the ground of his ontology of the virtual, one encounters a double conception of ?inherence? (paradigmatic and analogical) between instance and principle, its consequence is a shift in the use of film examples from analogy of objects to analogy of analyses, which invents a typical conflict between the metonymic and metaphorical evasion of discourse. On this background, the article reexamines the general contention against Zizek of a ?virtual totalitarianism? without contingency of meaning and sense, and points to the position of the subject without discourse as another ground for the condition of analysis of truth. In the third part, the paper analyses and evaluates Zizek?s own understanding of his cinematographic illustrations and his peculiar, performing and self-referential, method of resolving the epistemological problem of film interpretation through imaginary identification or ?empathy? with film objects. In the fourth part, the paper discusses the apparent asymmetry between Zizek?s application of psychoanalytic doctrines onto film criticism, on one side, and, on the other, his little elaborated apotheosis of so-called ?cinematic materialism?. It is argued that this asymmetry ultimately causes what Zizek rejects in principle: a substitution of materialism and contingency of truth-search for a holism of sense. Consequently this seems to turn the psychoanalytic discourse on cinematography into a hermeneutic one.
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Castillo-Soriano, María de los Ángeles, Alberto Canavati-Espinosa, and Diana Isabel Maldonado-Flores. "O imaginário suburbano e o Mass Media: um reflexo de sua construção e desmontagem na geração do chamado Baby Boom nos Estados Unidos (1946-1974)." Revista Perspectivas 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/25909215.2917.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to Cambridge Dictionary, the meaning of Suburbia is related to peripheral parts of a city where there are houses, but there is not a considerable amount of retailers, work places and leisure venues. Obviously this definition is understood from an elemental point of view, it is, since the ends of the 18th century according to the urban conditions of English and newly North American towns. Even so, throughout the last six decades, more specifically 1946 and 1974, there was an interesting, as well as a vast record of information regarding this peculiar sort of urban planning, so representative of a young and naïve post-war consumption society, that shaped a lifestyle that was envied as imitated abroad (with several local interpretations in all over the globe). However, these imaginaries, largely, have been built from the positivist perspectives of a society in the curb of its industrialization, but also as a result of the critical thinking, have mutated towards the disassembly and the demystifying of what once was considered the ideal way of making a new city from this outskirt urban-planning format. The role that cinema, literature and visual arts have played in the idealization, the projection, the construction and disassembly of Suburbia as an urban model of social aspiration, have been so influential in a large number of American families, who pretend to resemble the models shown in television media, and in certain way in literature, which has been a line of argument that gave rise to the advertising and programs in film and television industry. In this article there will be an approach about the role that both literature, cinema and art have played in the idealization, projection, construction and disassembly of the suburb as an imaginary of apparent social welfare for a large part of American society.
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Benhamou, Eve, and Eve Benhamou. "From the Advent of Multiculturalism to the Elision of Race: The Representation of Race Relations in Disney Animated Features (1995-2009)." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2014): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v2i1.106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As one of the most powerful purveyors of entertainment in the world, the Disney company has produced blockbuster films, including animated features that have enjoyed enduring popularity. Reflecting and shaping to some extent American popular culture and ideology, they have left vivid images in our memory. Arguably, one of Disney’s most ubiquitous symbol is the beautiful white princess. The representation of race relations in Disney films has always been problematic, sometimes sparking heated debates: non-white characters were either absent or stereotypically portrayed. Nonetheless, in parallel with the advent of multiculturalism in the 1990s, a series of films have foregrounded a new approach on these portrayals, the most notable being Pocahontas (1995), Atlantis (2001), and The Princess and the Frog (2009). In this article, I will examine the evolution of the representation of race, focusing on the film texts and their historical and cultural context, production history, and critical reception. I will argue that the apparent messages of tolerance and promotion of multiculturalism were accompanied and slowly replaced by a colour-blind erasure of race.
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Dickson, David. "From Lanzmann’s Circle of Flames to Bodies in Pain: Anglo-American Holocaust Fiction and Representations of the Gas Chamber." Genealogy 4, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4030088.
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This article discusses the apparent desire in Anglo-American Holocaust fiction to form a deeper connection to the horror of the Holocaust by recreating scenes of suffering in the gas chamber. Using Elaine Scarry’s The Body in Pain, Alison Landsberg’s theory of ‘prosthetic memory’ and the concept of ‘feeling-with’ as outlined by Sonia Kruks, it discusses the motives underlying these representations and what an audience stands to learn from these bodily encounters with the Holocaust past. The article begins by discussing texts that explore the notions of temporal and emotional distance and the unreachability of the Holocaust dead, while also reflecting the corresponding impulse to reconnect with the murdered by physicalising them as bodies in pain. It then moves on to works that aim to make the experience of death in the gas chamber literally inhabitable for present-day nonwitnesses. In pursuing this argument, the article focuses on six representative texts: Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List (1993), Bryan Singer’s Apt Pupil (1998), Tim Blake Nelson’s The Grey Zone (2001), The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2006 and 2008, for the book and film respectively), In Paradise (2014) by Peter Matthiessen and Mick Jackson’s Denial (2016).
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Lima, Jônatas, and Edson Guilherme. "Breeding biology and biometrics of Myiozetetes c. cayanensis (Aves: Tyrannidae) in southwest Brazilian Amazonia with breeding season in Brazil." Revista Peruana de Biología 28, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): e20475. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v28i3.20475.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our study provides information on the breeding and biometrics of Rusty-Margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis in southwest Brazilian Amazonia. Myiozetetes cayanensis is distributed from Central America until north of South America. We made observations on reproduction and captures of this species in a terra firme forest fragment in the state of Acre, between 1999 and 2020 and we evaluated the breeding season in Brazil through citizen science data. We monitored nine nests between 2012 and 2020, built at a mean height of 1.8 m above ground. Clutch size was two, three or four eggs, incubated for 15 days. We monitored the development of six nestlings: minimum hatch weight was 2 g and young fledged with a mean mass of ca. 25.5 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.18 with a growth asymptote of 22.8 g. Daily survival rate was 90% and 100% during the incubation and nestling periods, respectively. The Mayfield success in the incubation and nestling periods was 20 and 100%, respectively. Apparent nesting success in the incubation and nestling periods was 46 and 100%, respectively. We recorded a minimum longevity of 2 years, nine months and 26 days. The subspecies M. c. cayanensis start to nest mainly between the dry and rainy season in Brazil, overlapping with the molt period in southwest Amazonia.
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Lee, Sangjoon. "Destination Hong Kong: The Geopolitics of South Korean Espionage Films in the 1960s." Journal of Korean Studies 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-4226478.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As the apparent progeny of Cold War politics in the West, espionage films witnessed unprecedented popularity around the globe in the 1960s. With the success of Dr. No (1962) and Goldfinger (1964)—along with French, Italian, and German copycats—in Asia, film industries in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea recognized the market potential and embarked on churning out their own James Bond-mimetic espionage films in the late 1960s. Since the regional political sphere has always been multifaceted, however, each country approached genre conventions with its own interpretation. In the US-driven Cold War political, ideological, and economic sphere, developmental states in the region, particularly South Korea and Taiwan, vigorously adopted anti-communist doctrine to guard and uphold their militant dictatorships. Under this political atmosphere in the regional sphere, cultural sectors in each nation-state, including cinema, voluntarily or compulsorily served as an apparatus to strengthen the state’s ideological principles. While the Cold War politics that drive the narrative in the American and European films is conspicuously absent in Hong Kong espionage films, South Korea and Taiwan, on the other hand, explicitly promulgated the ideological principles of their apparent enemies, North Korea and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), in their representative espionage films. This article casts a critical eye over South Korea–initiated inter-Asian coproduction of espionage films produced during the time, with particular reference to South Korea–Hong Kong coproduction of SOS Hong Kong (SOS Hongk’ong) and Special Agent X-7 (Sun’gan ŭn yŏngwŏnhi), both produced and released in 1966.
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Obolenska, Tatiana, Inna Shatarska, and Yegor Shevtsov. "The use of the “Rational” system of global marketing communications in management of international enterprises." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern system of global marketing communications is not ideal, that is why management of international enterprises needs to use creativity in their attempts to predict the results of the marketing activities. They often fail in forecasting, because specialists do not have necessary practical models and data. The article deals with the questions of developing a model of the “rational” system of global marketing communications, which will be ready for the implementation into managerial processes of the Ukrainian firms. The model in the research is based on one-factor and multi-factor equations with calculations on the example of the well-known American company Nike, which works in the segment of apparel and footwear industry and can be a bright example of building a strong marketing communication strategy. Methods of linear and polynomial trends, smoothing average and exponential smoothing were used for the development of the proposed model. The examination of the correlation between global income, costs on marketing communication activities of the international company and index of satisfaction by this enterprise on the market in the frames of the econometric model’s work showed the dependency, which can become a basis for future analysis. The invented model of the “rational” system of global marketing communications shows how managers can calculate the resultativity of specific marketing instruments, which they plan to accept as appropriate. Different indicators can be used in forecasting the effects of global marketing communications on the performance of international enterprises. The article shows that the more indicators are used in the model, the more accurate is the result.
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Kiełpiński, Łukasz. "My performance is my world. Queer and normativity in the practices of New York’s ballroom culture." Dziennikarstwo i Media 14 (March 10, 2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2082-8322.14.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The central concept of the article is performance as a form of expression specific to non-normative people. In confrontation with the oppressive discourse of dominant groups, the body of an excluded individual and its metamorphoses in themselves appear to be an alternative way of non-alienated expression. This phenomenon is discussed via the example of the practices of New York’s ballroom culture — primarily via the example of the film Paris is Burning from 1990, directed by Jennie Livingston. In the ballroom community, black and non-heteronormative Americans found a safe space for experiments with their identity, thanks to which they could experience a form of capitalistic success through an ephemeral performance. However, these practices, despite their apparent subversiveness and emancipatory potential, did not have the ambition to change the status quo. They only allowed experiencing the feeling of social advancement within the existing system. The story that ballroom culture members in the 1980s told about themselves through their own performances was part of a unique, non-verbal discourse of excluded groups, which developed a specific communication code based on the human body, its ways of moving and its aesthetic metamorphoses.
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Freeman, Willoe, Peter Wells, and Anne Wyatt. "Insights from the failure of the Countrywide Financial Corporation." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-12-2012-0131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the business activities, financial reports, and management compensation practices of Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) in the period preceding the company's financial distress and leading to its eventual takeover by Bank of America in 2008. This analysis provides a number of insights into the risks that Countrywide was exposed to which may guide future research and financial management. Design/methodology/approach – Case study evaluating the failure of Countrywide Financial Corporation. Findings – First, Countrywide was highly reliant upon the securitization of mortgage loans to finance its activities and this was apparent in the financial reports. Second, these securitization transactions exposed Countrywide to significant financial risks, including the risk inherent in the uncertain values of residual interests and warrantees. Problematically, these risks were not transparently reflected in the financial reports, as confirmed by the lag in the timing of stock price responses. This untimely market response suggests the equity market was not aware of Countrywide's risk exposures until shortly before the company's solvency crisis. Third, the compensation practices of Countrywide encouraged and rewarded management for exposing the firm to significant risks. Practical implications – This paper provides insights into financial management that are relevant for researchers and professionals. Originality/value – This paper provides insights for researchers and practitioners relating to the impact of asset securitization on business risk and how these business activities and risks are disclosed in the financial reports.
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Gertler, M. S., and S. DiGiovanna. "In Search of the New Social Economy: Collaborative Relations between Users and Producers of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 9 (September 1997): 1585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a291585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geographers and other social scientists have paid considerable attention recently to what has been characterized as the increasingly social character of economic activity. Of particular interest has been the rise of more collaborative relations among firms and the formation of territorial production networks predicated upon joint product development and manufacturing, trust-based buyer—supplier interaction, and the freer exchange of proprietary information. Much of the empirical evidence for such claims comes from a relatively small number of regional case studies of particular industries which have enjoyed a high degree of economic success in recent years. At issue, however, is the extent to which such collaborative activity has diffused to other industries and other regions, especially the more mature industrial regions. Furthermore, even in cases where collaborative relationships have been documented, much debate remains over their effectiveness and the kinds of benefits arising from such activity, especially in North America. Previous research on the adoption and implementation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) in Ontario indicates that strong collaboration between AMT producers (largely outside the region) and AMT users is relatively rare. In this paper this work is deepened and extended by an examination of the frequency of collaboration, the forms such collaboration takes, and the factors which seem to be critical in determining whether or not firms will collaborate with one another. Evaluating the results of a survey analysis of AMT users, follow-up interviews both with users and with producers, and a comparison with the AMT sector in Germany, the authors conclude that the apparent scarcity of collaborative activity in the Ontario AMT industry is closely related to the physical and organizational distance between suppliers and customers, and also arises from the high degree of foreign ownership of AMT users in Ontario. They conclude that, despite the well-recognized rise of global economic players, nationality of ownership and geography still matter.
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Murthy, K. V. Bhanu. "US–China Trade Disputes: Studying Long-Term Trade Patterns." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.942734.
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US–China economic ties have expanded substantially since China began reforming its economy and liberalizing its trade regime in the late 1970s. Total US–China merchandise trade rose from $2 billion in 1979 (when China’s economic reforms began) to $636 billion in 2017. China is currently the United States’ largest merchandise trading partner, its third-largest export market, and its biggest source of imports. There are multiple areas of disagreement that preceded the trade war. One ground is that China is buying off American assets. It is also alleged that China violates US patent rights. It is also stated by United States that China has restrictions on US companies entering certain areas in production in China. The scale at which US–China trade patterns are changing and ownership patterns of both countries’ MNCs are changing results in a mystification of trade data due to intra-firm trade imports and exports. This may be a major reason why apparent trade patterns do not clearly serve as a guide for commenting on policy wars. This study examines the patterns in the US–China exports, mutual imports, and current account balances over a nearly 25-year period, to form a view about whether the trade war is justified. The general methodology in this paper has been to use a set of semi-log growth equations that enable comparison of various trade-related variables between the United States and China. The method focuses on the long-term patterns before and after global financial crisis (GFC), in the two countries, with the help of a standard dummy variable model. In conclusion, the US claims seem to be unfounded when studied through the lens of long-term trade patterns between the two countries. China’s export performance is much better. The United States’ dependence on imports from China has fallen drastically. Finally, the current balance of payments (BoP) of the United States continues to remain highly negative; whereas, in spite of the setback due to the GFC, China’s BoP position all along continues to be positive.
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Cho, Hang-sung, and Eui-jin Shim. "Acid Dye Dyeability and Finishing Effect of Oak Wood for Indoor Interior Use." Research Institute of Human Ecology 26, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36357/johe.2022.26.3.143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background/Objectives: In this study, we compared and analyzed the dye ability of oak-patterned materials with acid dyes, and evaluated their performance as interior materials. Use of processed timber can help reduce environmental damage and the economic burden of resources (important problems with use of raw timber) and can meet the needs of various fields where the sensibility of raw timber is required. Veneer wood is positioned as a high-value-added product due to its luxury and beauty, and it is used in various fields as a building-related material, such as interior decoration, furniture, flooring, building interior materials, and lumber. Dyeing is necessary to enhance the aesthetic appearance of this pattern and to expand its use.
Methods: As the wood used in the experiment, American red oak, which has marketability in the market, was selected. The spectral reflectance of each wavelength band was measured using spectrophotometer to evaluate the apparent concentration and dyeability of the dyed and fixed samples. Durability was evaluated by measuring rubbing and light fastness.
Results: The oak pattern was dyed with 3 types of acid dyes and a comparative analysis was performed. The most suitable conditions are 95℃, 3 hours, and 3% o.w.f. In addition, evaluating resilience to daylight fastness, resilience to rubbing, fire resistance, and flame retardance, yielded results suitable for use as an interior material.
Conclusion/Implications: It was confirmed that veneer can be dyed with acid dyes and used. It is hoped that this study will be used as basic data for dyeing veneer with acid dyes and synthetic dyes in the future. The results of this research are expected to contribute as basic data for the dyeing process of synthetic dyes.
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Pandit, Karun, Hamid Dashti, Nancy F. Glenn, Alejandro N. Flores, Kaitlin C. Maguire, Douglas J. Shinneman, Gerald N. Flerchinger, and Aaron W. Fellows. "Developing and optimizing shrub parameters representing sagebrush (<i>Artemisia</i> spp.) ecosystems in the northern Great Basin using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 4585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4585-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Ecosystem dynamic models are useful for understanding ecosystem characteristics over time and space because of their efficiency over direct field measurements and applicability to broad spatial extents. Their application, however, is challenging due to internal model uncertainties and complexities arising from distinct qualities of the ecosystems being analyzed. The sagebrush-steppe ecosystem in western North America, for example, has substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as variability due to anthropogenic disturbance, invasive species, climate change, and altered fire regimes, which collectively make modeling dynamic ecosystem processes difficult. Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) is a robust ecosystem dynamic model, initially developed for tropical forests, that simulates energy, water, and carbon fluxes at fine scales. Although EDv2.2 has since been tested on different ecosystems via development of different plant functional types (PFT), it still lacks a shrub PFT. In this study, we developed and parameterized a shrub PFT representative of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in order to initialize and test it within EDv2.2, and to promote future broad-scale analysis of restoration activities, climate change, and fire regimes in the sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Specifically, we parameterized the sagebrush PFT within EDv2.2 to estimate gross primary production (GPP) using data from two sagebrush study sites in the northern Great Basin. To accomplish this, we employed a three-tier approach. (1) To initially parameterize the sagebrush PFT, we fitted allometric relationships for sagebrush using field-collected data, information from existing sagebrush literature, and parameters from other land models. (2) To determine influential parameters in GPP prediction, we used a sensitivity analysis to identify the five most sensitive parameters. (3) To improve model performance and validate results, we optimized these five parameters using an exhaustive search method to estimate GPP, and compared results with observations from two eddy covariance (EC) sites in the study area. Our modeled results were encouraging, with reasonable fidelity to observed values, although some negative biases (i.e., seasonal underestimates of GPP) were apparent. Our finding on preliminary parameterization of the sagebrush shrub PFT is an important step towards subsequent studies on shrubland ecosystems using EDv2.2 or any other process-based ecosystem model.
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Carter, Matthew. "Personalizing the Apocalypse: Frontier Mythology and Genre Hybridity in „Maggie”." Studia Filmoznawcze 38 (June 21, 2017): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-116x.38.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An independent U.S.-Swiss co-production released by Lionsgate Films and Roadside Attractions, Maggie 2015 is marketed as apost-apocalyptic Horror drama and appears most obviously as azombie-apocalypse film. It soon becomes apparent, however, that Maggie differs markedly from other, more traditional zombie-apocalypse films. It blends recognizable elements from several mainstream genres and, though largely conforming to the well-known conventions of so-called classical realism, echoes some of the alternative narrative strategies traditionally associated with independent American and European cinemas. Although Maggie is rich with interpretive possibilities, this article shall touch on a less overt, some might even say fringe aspect of its narrative; namely, its engagement with a number of aspects of America’s frontier mythology. This might seem astrange connection to make at first since the frontier myth as apopular cultural referent is most often associated with the Hollywood Western, and the Western is clearly not Maggie’s most recognizable narrative schema. However, the myth’s association with the Western, while historically dominant, is far from exclusive and it would also be amistake to deny the myth’s links to other film genres through the related connections that exist between categories of films that, on the surface, seem to have little to do with one another. This is especially so in afilm as “genre confused” as Maggie.To be clear, this article does not claim Maggie to be a Western, at least not in any traditional sense that we might understand it. Rather, it interprets Maggie as apart of amore general trend in contemporary cinema typified by the hybridization of the codes and conventions of numerous genres and subgenres; especially, but not exclusively, those that bring an international perspective to bear on traditional genre categories. In the case of Maggie, this works to undermine audience expectations through aprocess of inversion and deconstruction that reconfigures the erstwhile familiarity of the zombie-apocalypse’s popular-cultural terrain. For, in referencing the Western and its related frontier mythology in the way that it does, Maggie demonstrates the adaptability and continued relevance of both in relation to the complex dynamics of contemporary global film genres. It is within this context that Maggie references the Western and, in so doing, highlights the continuing influence of frontier mythology in contemporary popular culture. PERSONALIZACJA APOKALIPSY — MITOLOGIA POGRANICZA I GATUNKOWA HYBRYDOWOŚĆ W FILMIE MAGGIE HENRY’EGO HOBSONANiezależna amerykańsko-szwajcarska produkcja zrealizowana przez Lionsgate Films i Roadside Attractions — Maggie 2015 — jest reklamowana jako postapokaliptyczny horror, a jawi się w sposób najoczywistszy jako zombie-apokaliptyczny film. Wkrótce stanie się jednak oczywiste, że obraz ten różni się znacząco od innych, bardziej tradycyjnych zombie-apokaliptycznych obrazów. Łączy w sobie rozpoznawalne elementy z wielu gatunków głównego nurtu kina i mimo że przeważnie opiera się na znanych konwencjach tak zwanego klasycznego realizmu, przywołuje pewne alternatywne strategie narracyjne, tradycyjnie identyfikowane z niezależnym amerykańskim i europejskim kinem. Maggie obfituje w liczne możliwości interpretacyjne, jednak niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na mniej widocznym, można by nawet rzec marginalnym, aspekcie jego struktury. Mianowicie na obecności w nim kilku aspektów mitologii amerykańskiego Pogranicza. Na pierwszy rzut oka może się to wydać dziwnym odniesieniem, ponieważ mit pograniczny jako odwołanie w kulturze popularnej jest najczęściej kojarzony z hollywoodzkim westernem, a sam western nie jest też najbardziej rozpoznawalnym narracyjnym schematem filmu Hobsona. Jednakże skojarzenie mitu z westernem, historycznie dominujące, nie jest przecież wyłączne i byłoby również błędem odmawianie związków zmitem innym filmowym gatunkom przez ich pokrewieństwa, istniejące między kategoriami filmów, które na pozór wydają się mieć niewiele wspólnego. Jest tak szczególnie w przypadku utworu tak „gatunkowo mieszanego” jak Maggie. Dla jasności — w artykule film ten nie jest definiowany jako western, przynajmniej nie w tradycyjny sposób rozumienia gatunku. Jest raczej interpretowany jako część bardziej ogólnego trendu we współczesnym kinie, naznaczonego hybrydyzacją kodów i konwencji wielu gatunków i podgatunków; zwłaszcza, choć nie wyłącznie, tych, które przynoszą międzynarodową perspektywę na podstawie tradycyjnych gatunkowych parametrów. W przypadku Maggie działa to tak, aby podważyć oczekiwania publiczności przez proces inwersji i dekonstrukcji, który przeformułowuje dotychczasową swojskość popkulturowego zombie-apokaliptycznego obszaru. Dlatego że odwołując się do westernu i ideologii Pogranicza w sposób, w jaki czyni to Maggie, film ten demonstruje zdolność adaptowania się i trwającą ważność obu tych fenomenów w relacji do złożonej dynamiki współczesnych globalnych gatunków filmowych. To właśnie w tym kontekście Maggie przywołuje western i — czyniąc to — rzuca światło na trwający wpływ ideologii Pogranicza na współczesną popularną kulturę. Przeł. Kordian Bobowski
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Dupont, R., B. Pierce, J. Worden, J. Hair, M. Fenn, P. Hamer, M. Natarajan, et al. "Attribution and evolution of ozone from Asian wild fires using satellite and aircraft measurements during the ARCTAS campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2012): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-169-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We use ozone and carbon monoxide measurements from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), model estimates of Ozone, CO, and ozone pre-cursors from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS), and data from the NASA DC8 aircraft to characterize the source and dynamical evolution of ozone and CO in Asian wildfire plumes during the spring ARCTAS campaign 2008. On the 19 April, NASA DC8 O3 and aerosol Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) observed two biomass burning plumes originating from North-Western Asia (Kazakhstan) and South-Eastern Asia (Thailand) that advected eastward over the Pacific reaching North America in 10 to 12 days. Using both TES observations and RAQMS chemical analyses, we track the wildfire plumes from their source to the ARCTAS DC8 platform. In addition to photochemical production due to ozone pre-cursors, we find that exchange between the stratosphere and the troposphere is a major factor influencing O3 concentrations for both plumes. For example, the Kazakhstan and Siberian plumes at 55 degrees North is a region of significant springtime stratospheric/tropospheric exchange. Stratospheric air influences the Thailand plume after it is lofted to high altitudes via the Himalayas. Using comparisons of the model to the aircraft and satellite measurements, we estimate that the Kazakhstan plume is responsible for increases of O3 and CO mixing ratios by approximately 6.4 ppbv and 38 ppbv in the lower troposphere (height of 2 to 6 km), and the Thailand plume is responsible for increases of O3 and CO mixing ratios of approximately 11 ppbv and 71 ppbv in the upper troposphere (height of 8 to 12 km) respectively. However, there are significant sources of uncertainty in these estimates that point to the need for future improvements in both model and satellite observations. For example, it is challenging to characterize the fraction of air parcels from the stratosphere versus those from the fire because of the low sensitivity of the TES CO estimates used to mark stratospheric air versus air parcels affected by the smoke plume. Model transport uncertainties, such as too much dispersion, results in a broad plume structure from the Kazakhstan fires that is approximately 2 km lower than the plume observed by aircraft. Consequently, the model and TES data do not capture the photochemical production of ozone in the Kazakhstan plume that is apparent in the aircraft in situ data. However, ozone and CO distributions from TES and RAQMS model estimates of the Thailand plume are within the uncertainties of the TES data. Therefore, the RAQMS model is better able to characterize the emissions from this fire, the mixing of ozone from the stratosphere to the plume, and the photochemical production and transport of ozone and ozone pre-cursors as the plume moves across the Pacific.
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Morrissey, Dan. "The EU’S Struggles with Collective Action for Securities Fraud." Texas A&M Law Review 7, no. 1 (October 2019): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Notwithstanding the apparent exit of the United Kingdom, the European Union (“EU”) has grown in membership and power since its modest beginnings after World War II, now rivaling the U.S. in economic strength. With the goal of promoting the security and prosperity of all the citizens of the countries that belong to it, the EU is pressing ahead to adopt laws that will promote their political and financial integration. Along those lines, it has also recently acknowledged a deficiency in the legal systems of its member states when it comes to allowing collective actions for victims of various types of economic harm. To address that, the EU is now developing guidelines for such procedures that can redress those injuries. In the area of securities fraud, establishing such measures has taken on more importance after both a spate of financial frauds by European companies and a significant decision from the United States Supreme Court, Morrison v. National Australia Bank. That ruling cut back on the jurisdiction of American courts to adjudicate these claims against foreign defendants—even when a significant amount of the wrongdoing has occurred in the U.S. This EU initiative to develop a collective jurisprudence to redress securities fraud also supports another goal that would foster European economic well-being. It would promote a shift in the financing of businesses there from debt to equity. That would particularly help small- and medium-size firms by giving confidence to investors in those enterprises that if they were cheated they would have an effective means to remedy that wrong. As it is now, such stock frauds can typically involve a large number of investors, many of whom have relatively small holdings. Individual actions in those situations are not only too expensive to maintain but are often inadequate to compensate all their victims and deter future misconduct. The availability of effective collective remedies would help Europeans overcome their reluctance to make equity investments and therefore provide more flexible capital structures to businesses. The European Commission10 (“Commission”) is therefore trying to fashion legal tools to address that problem. This involves enhancement of the EU’s mechanisms for stockholder litigation—what one commentator defines as “an umbrella term for various forms of suit and a range of claims brought by shareholders against the company in which they hold shares or against its directors and officers.” The EU’s proposals in that regard seek to encourage what it calls “collective actions,”—its analog to U.S. class actions—where many stockholders with small claims can join together and adjudicate them in one suit. Without such a corrective mechanism, the costs of litigation would be too great for those individuals, and they would not be able to counter the substantial resources that the defendants typically have. The EU’s proposals, however, lack features that have made American class actions so effective. The Commission is reluctant to embrace that model because of what it calls our “abusive practices.” Chief among them are contingent fees that compensate lawyers who represent shareholders harmed by these frauds. In addition, the Europeans appear determined to hold on to several rules that discourage lawyers from taking these cases. One is “loser pay,” which makes those who are unsuccessful in litigation liable for the legal fees of their counterparties who prevail. The potential of that heavy extra charge is a disincentive for lawyers who would take these cases. Another is that only plaintiffs who directly consent to be parties can be part of these actions (opt-in), as opposed to the more generous opt-out practice which includes all victims of the common fraud as plaintiffs unless they specifically choose not to participate. This Article will therefore offer comment on those deficiencies in the developing European model and encourage our friends across the Atlantic to take a more realistic approach to their reforms. The American experience with securities class actions certainly has its detractors and may have had some failings which have now been corrected. All and all, however, the U.S. approach has served our economy well by protecting investors, checking corporate wrongdoing, and affording compensation to defrauded investors. First, this Article will give a brief overview of the historic problems that European companies have had with an over-reliance on debt financing. It will then discuss how reforms like better redress for fraud can change that by giving equity investors a stronger belief that they will get a fair shake. The EU’s proposals are a step in the right direction to address that concern, and the Article will go on to describe the current state of their development. After that, it will use an American perspective to point out their shortcomings with the goal of highlighting the benefits of the U.S. model to European policymakers.
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Kuwana, Masataka, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Kingo Fujimura, Koji Fujisawa, Hideo Wada, Toshiro Nagasawa, Shosaku Nomura, Tetsuhito Kojima, Hideo Yagi, and Yasuo Ikeda. "Initial Laboratory Findings Useful for Predicting the Diagnosis of Chronic ITP: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2061.2061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is one of the major causes of thrombocytopenia. Currently, the diagnosis of ITP is principally based on the exclusion of other possible concurrent causes of thrombocytopenia. In the guidelines proposed by the American Society of Hematology, the panel recommended that no specific laboratory tests are considered necessary for the diagnosis. However, availability of reliable laboratory assays should be helpful in supporting the diagnosis of ITP. Recently, 2 of us (MK and YI) reported that erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cells, platelet-associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, reticulated platelets and thrombopoietin measured at first visit were useful to predict a future diagnosis of chronic ITP (manuscript submitted). To confirm this, we conducted a multicenter prospective study involving 113 patients with thrombocytopenia and a normal peripheral blood film at first visit. Patients with clinically apparent associated conditions that can cause thrombocytopenia were excluded. Each patient underwent physical examination and routine laboratory tests, and was prospectively followed for >6 months. Anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cells, platelet-associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, reticulated platelets and plasma thrombopoietin were also examined at first visit. Clinical diagnosis was made in a blinded fashion based on bone marrow findings and the clinical course. Eighty-nine patients were diagnosed as having chronic ITP, and 24 had a non-ITP disorder, including 11 with aplastic anemia (AA), 10 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and one each with Fanconi anemia, May-Hegglin anomaly and myelofibrosis. Six laboratory findings were identified as initial parameters that discriminated future diagnosis of chronic ITP from non-ITP. These included the absence of anemia, absence of leukopenia, increased anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cell frequency, increased platelet-associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, elevated reticulated platelet percentage and normal or slight increase of thrombopoietin (all for P < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that anemia, anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cell frequency, reticulated platelet percentage and thrombopoietin were factors that independently contributed to the later diagnosis of chronic ITP. Three or more of 6 ITP-associated laboratory findings were present at presentation in 78 (93%) patients later diagnosed as chronic ITP, compared with 6 (25%) patients whose disorder was non-ITP (P < 10−5). All 6 “false-positive” patients were diagnosed as AA or MDS, but 4 of them probably had overlapping immune thrombocytopenia. In summary, this multicenter prospective study confirms usefulness of 6 laboratory tests for the diagnosis of chronic ITP. The identification of ITP-associated laboratory findings encourages the future development of reliable diagnostic criteria for chronic ITP.
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McLoughlin, Stephen. "The breakup history of Gondwana and its impact on pre-Cenozoic floristic provincialism." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (2001): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of ‘Gondwana’, an ancient Southern Hemisphere supercontinent, is firmly established in geological and biogeographical models of Earth history. The term Gondwana (Gondwanaland of some authors) derives from the recognition by workers at the Indian Geological Survey in the mid- to late 19th century of a distinctive sedimentary sequence preserved in east central India. This succession, now known to range in age from Permian to Cretaceous, is lithologically and palaeontologically similar to coeval non-marine sedimentary successions developed in most of the Southern Hemisphere continents suggesting former continuity of these landmasses. Palaeomagnetic data and tectonic reconstructions suggest that the main assembly of Gondwana took place around the beginning of the Palaeozoic in near-equatorial latitudes and that the supercontinent as a whole shifted into high southern latitudes, allowing widespread glaciation by the end of the Carboniferous. From Carboniferous to Cretaceous times the southern continents had broadly similar floras but some species-level provincialism is apparent at all times. The break-up of Gondwana initiated during the Jurassic (at about 180 million years ago) and this process is continuing. The earliest rifting (crustal attenuation) within the supercontinent initiated in the west (between South America and Africa) and in general terms the rifting pattern propagated eastward with major phases of continental fragmentation in the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. Gondwanan floras show radical turnovers near the end of the Carboniferous, end of the Permian and the end of the Triassic that appear to be unrelated to isolation or fragmentation of the supercontinent. Throughout the late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic the high-latitude southern floras maintained a distinctly different composition to the palaeoequatorial and boreal regions even though they remained in physical connection with Laurasia for much of this time. Gondwanan floras of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (times immediately preceding and during break-up) were dominated by araucarian and podocarp conifers and a range of enigmatic seed-fern groups. Angiosperms became established in the region as early as the Aptian (before the final break-up events) and steadily diversified during the Cretaceous, apparently at the expense of many seed-fern groups. Hypotheses invoking vicariance or long distance dispersal to account for the biogeographic patterns evident in the floras of Southern Hemisphere continents all rely on a firm understanding of the timing and sequence of Gondwanan continental breakup. This paper aims to summarise the current understanding of the geochronological framework of Gondwanan breakup against which these biogeographic models may be tested. Most phytogeographic studies deal with the extant, angiosperm-dominated floras of these landmasses. This paper also presents an overview of pre-Cenozoic, gymnosperm-dominated, floristic provincialism in Gondwana. It documents the broad succession of pre-angiosperm floras, highlights the distinctive elements of the Early Cretaceous Gondwanan floras immediately preceding the appearance of angiosperms and suggests that latitudinal controls strongly influenced the composition of Gondwanan floras through time even in the absence of marine barriers between Gondwana and the northern continents.
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Quantz, Richard A. "On Seminars, Ritual, and Cowboys." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 103, no. 5 (October 2001): 896–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810110300505.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This nonlinear, mixed-genre essay shows that we can learn much about education by looking at the nonrational aspects of classrooms. Following discursive traditions associated with the social sciences, it presents two interaction patterns found in seminar-style classes at the undergraduate and masters level whose ritual aspects work to “magically” resolve a dilemma contained in the American commitment to individualism. It also suggests a connection to the apparent lack of intellectual vitality claimed to exist on many American campuses. At the same time, drawing on discursive traditions associated with the arts, this essay also complicates the processes of education showing just how complex and contradictory a seminar can be. Damian sits slouched in his chair, hands folded in his lap, Timberlands thrust under the table, his body forming a slightly sagging diagonal line. On his head sits his more-than-dirty white hat, brim turned backwards, plastic strap pressed across his forehead. John Dewey's “The Child and the Curriculum” lies dutifully open on the table in front of him taking its place in the circle of texts that trace the perimeter of the table. Damian's face lacks emotion. In fact, it signals no information whatsoever. It is blank. Is his mind blank as well? I can assure you that it is not. His mind is actively presenting multiple words and images for his own contemplation. A film-loop projection of last night's argument with Sheila dominates the images. Endlessly he watches her rage-contorted face and hears her high shrill voice—though he has forgotten what her words were. Screw it) There's no pleasing some girls) But his argument with Sheila is not the only thing entertaining his mind. For example, he can't stop humming that Goo Goo Doll's tune that he heard on MTV this morning. Nor can he put out of his mind John Rzeznik's tattoos. Damian has been contemplating getting a tattoo for several weeks now and he isn't sure if watching the Goo Goo Doll's increases his enthusiasm or his distaste with the idea. And there isn't just contorted faces, guitar licks, and tattoos to occupy his mind. There is Tina. As always, Damian is sitting next to Tina. Tina was the very first person that Damian noticed when he had entered the classroom on the first day. Noticing Tina did not make Damian unique. Everyone noticed Tina. Tina is the kind of young woman who puts a lie to the idea that men today are obsessed with Kate Moss look-alikes. Tina's body overflows with sensuality. Damian enjoys telling his friends that Tina has a “generous” body and that she could have had a role in the movie Dirty Dancing. But it is her bleached, waterfall hair splashing out all over in irregular tempo that distracted anyone nearby. It is not just the guys who notice Tina; the women do too and not with approval. So the fact that Damian immediately noticed Tina upon entering the room on that first day does not separate him from his peers. What distinguishes him is that Damian did not hesitate to walk over and take the seat next to her. And since students nearly always return to the same seat every subsequent class, Damian sits next to Tina and her delicious distractions every class. So that besides high pitched screams, repetitive drumbeats, and tattooed arms, Damian's mind contemplates strategies for the seduction of Tina. But you might wonder whether Damian is paying any attention to his class or if he is only thinking of irrelevancies. If so, you may be surprised to know that despite all the attention to women and song, Damian is also tracking the class action. Damian is a pretty good student. Well, OK, he is only an “A–B” student. But what is wrong with that? After all, he has known plenty of smart people who have been total losers as teachers. Like Mr. Compton his high school English teacher who never caught on to the ways in which the class would ask him questions about everything under the sun and avoid the topic of the day. But while you don't have to be a rocket scientist to get through ed school classes, Damian is determined to graduate in four years. His parents have made it clear that they are only paying for four years of college. He will have to pay for every additional semester himself and he already has twelve thousand dollars in student loans to pay back. For this reason, that part of Damian's mind not occupied with other more intriguing things has been following the class conversation. Class participation is calculated into the final grade and though he doesn't know exactly how it will be counted, Damian makes sure that he contributes at least one comment in every class. At this particular moment there is a pause in the conversation. Damian decides now would be the time to “contribute.” “Professor Ulrich,” he asks, “What does Dewey mean when he talks about the progressives?”
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Majumdar, Arup, Subba Lakshmi Prabha, and Kirti Sachdeva. "Victoria’s Secret: the falling angels." CASE Journal, June 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-10-2023-0217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research methodology Secondary research Case overview/synopsis Victoria’s Secret, a lingerie retailer founded by Roy Raymond in 1977, is the largest retailer in women’s intimate apparel in North America. Nevertheless, the business has been under fire in the recent past for failing to be inclusive and diverse, declining revenues and engaging in high-profile controversies. Victoria's Secret has experienced competition from emerging lingerie brands including Savage X Fenty, which Rihanna established in 2018, ThirdLove and Aerie by American Eagle & Knix. Victoria's Secret tried to reinvent itself in reaction to these difficulties by altering its marketing approach, switching out its “angels” for more diversified models, and launching a new range of cozy, informal loungewear. However, there were conflicting reactions to these initiatives, and the company's sales have been declining. Complexity academic level Executive training programs, upper level undergraduate and graduate MBA students in strategic, marketing and general management. Students should understand the basics of strategic management and marketing before undertaking to analyse this case.
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"Mitigating Internal Export Barriers for Small and Medium-Sized Apparel Enterprises (SMEs) in Washington State: Internationalization and the Renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)." American Journal of Management 18, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v18i3.73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Internationalization among Washington State apparel SMEs was examined, to determine whether internal barriers were preventing firms from exporting at higher levels. A case study research design and stratified purposeful criterion sampling approach were utilized to collect qualitative data from Washington State apparel SMEs, who manufacture and sell “Made in the USA” consumer products. An analysis of the findings indicated that the growth of e-commerce platforms and establishment of reliable international shipping services have led to a decline in the significance of traditional concerns about internal export barriers for direct, indirect, and hybrid exporters.
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Hoque, Md Aynul, Rajah Rasiah, Fumitaka Furuoka, and Sameer Kumar. "Linkages among automation, job displacement and reshoring: evidence from the Bangladeshi apparel industry." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, October 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-04-2021-0044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the impact of automation on job displacement and reshoring in the apparel industry. It also compares with predictions on the same subject matter by the existing literature and, thus, provides future research agenda for further studies. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected through 27 semi-structured in-depth interviews. The grounded theory was used for thematic and network analyzes, which traced the drivers and barriers, as well as the impact of automation and reshoring. Findings Initially, automation decreases human interactions in any specific production section. However, it increases productivity, quality and cost advantages, which invoke growth and further employment in clothing firms. The employment of unskilled workers decreases in the long run when automation is well adopted in the system. Automation does not stimulate reshoring but may support relocation initiatives of production sites around the centers of global value chains (GVCs). This GVC-based relocation may create job displacement in apparel manufacturing nations in Asia while bringing employment opportunities to Sub-Saharan African countries, Europe and North America. Originality/value Little empirical research has been conducted on the impact of automation on the apparel industry. This study predicts that human interventions will dominate the sewing of fashionable and sophisticated apparel products while automation may replace many human workers for basic garment items in the foreseeable future.