Дисертації з теми "Aménagement du territoire – France – Rhône, Vallée du (France)"
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Gaucher, Gregory. "Evolution de l'occupation du sol et de l'environnement fluvial en haute vallée du Rhone (Ain, Isère) du néolithique à l'époque moderne." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE2026.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD studies the interactions between ancient societies and the fluvial environment located in a micro-region of the French Upper Rhone Valley (Isle Crémieu and Bas Bugey). We tried to understand the rhythms and the processes of evolution of this fluvial anthroposystem on the long term, what means how social and fluvial systems fit and adjust each other. We had to reconstruct the evolution of the hydrosystem, and the land-use since the Neolithic period. We carried out a multidisciplinary approach that integrates social sciences (archeology, history, geography) and paleo-environmental sciences (geoarchaeology, archaeobotany, archaeozoology) to achieve these goals. The results allowed us to discuss the intricacies of climate and human causalities on the evolution of the fluvial environment. They also allowed us to estimate the influence of hydrosystem changes on land-use patterns (human settlements, agrarian systems. . . ). It was therefore question of the fluvial risk management by pre-protohistoric and historic societies
Chabenat, Gérard. "Parcours d'un fleuve : le Rhône la mémoire a l'épreuve de l'aménagement, ou comment se construit une culture fluviale." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20005.
Повний текст джерелаThe Rhône : a means to consider the world today. Local populations make us understand their own space, which creates a territory, legitimate boundaries which are those of local culture and which represent, now and again "another outline" compared to those officially recognised. They make us understand the passing of time, symbolised by the flowing river, telling their "native" stories. Social and cultural identities find their meaning in a historical inscription. Despite historical differences, from one bank to the other there can be a creation of solidarity, either through an exterior danger or a crisis (floods, the creation of a nature reserve). Such solidarity is not without certains tensions ; we do not become "brothers" with impunity, as here we have a same desir : to identify ourselves within the same boundary. How to create a territory, or rather how to become part of it, even when the boundaries are altered by man. This question is traversed by the idea of modernity. With our changing world, the economical, social, and cultural functions of the river, are not longer the same. The era of national or even international projets have taken the place of the "micro economy". Whole areas are arranged so as to be highly lucrative, or to enable leisure, sometimes they become landscapes for the largest number of people possible. In fact these spaces are everything except a territory
Praly, Cécile. "Nouvelles formes de valorisation territoriale en agriculture : le cas de l’arboriculture de la moyenne vallée du Rhône." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe fruit growing sector in the Middle Rhône Valley, competed by low-cost-production countries, faces a serious structural crisis. Then, we analyze the links between the arboriculture and its territories which can constitue resources mobilized as territorial valorization forms by local actors.The historic productive model of the arboriculture in the Middle Rhône Valley, the production-shipping basin, is now questioned by two rival forces. The first, called « centrifugal », is exercised by the main shippers who enlarge their supply area to be able to deliver large volumes of standardized fruits, relevant for the main retailers demand. In the opposite, some « centripetal » forces produce a fragmentation effect in the basin. These result from territorial identification initiatives for fruits, lead by the producers.Between these forces, farmers develop some strategies to maintain economic viability of their farms. They add to the existing shipping-circuits news outlets which valorize various proximities between production and consumption. We describe multi-scale « proximity circuits », including different types of the fruits supply chain actors, of consumers and marketing chanels. These circuits are shaped by competition and complementarity relationships with the basin of production-shipping. They benefit from the local communities supports.The conclusion of the research displays a characterization of the different proximity circuits and a theorical model to analyze the diversity of territorial valorization forms in agriculture
Cogerino, Laurent. "Les rives aquatiques de grands cours d'eau : caractérisation mésologique et faunistique." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10136.
Повний текст джерелаBaron, Alexis. "Territorialisation des politiques sanitaires et sociales : l'exemple rhône-alpin." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21017.
Повний текст джерелаThis research shows us how the notion of territory becomes one of the most important idea of the health and social policies. Indeed, the territory can be considered as a new reference for the local policies. Health and social policies are now building from this notion of territory. What kind of consequences are created by such a change ? This research focuses on the Rhône-Alpes area, in order to point out the principal characteristics of the local system of actors. On one hand, the territory appears as an actor;on the other one, the territory can be regarded as an environment adapted to the action. These two meanings of the notion of territory bring about many upheavals which are studied in this research at both a local and global level
Mathevet, Raphaël. "Usages des zones humides camarguaises : enjeux et dynamique des interactions environnement-usagers-territoire." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31012.
Повний текст джерелаTrimeche, Hatem. "Les conditions d'émergence des biotechnologies dans la région Rhône-Alpes : une approche territoriale." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21031.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to examine the impact of a territorial accumulation of resources on the emergence of a high-tech sector through mechanisms of creation of territorial externalities. The emergence of innovative activities results from a crossing between the territorial potential of specific resources and the predisposition of the branch to evolve. The first chapter concerns the biotechnologies as a specific activity especially through the nature of its process of emergence and its capacity to get externalities. The second chapter distinguishes endogenous elements in the territory which are favorable to the emergence of the biotechnologies. The third chapter presents some works concerning the theory of externalities, and then we present a new typology of territorial externalities. This typology is mobilized as instrument to explain the local conditions of emergence of biotechnologies. The last chapter presents an empirical research realized in laboratories of biotechnologies in Rhône-Alpes and PACA's area. The aim of this research is to test how territorial externalities can be (or not) a crucial factor in the territorial construction process of the biotechnologies sector. The main result is that thanks to mechanisms of interaction, the local potential of specific resources in Rhône-Alpes area facilitates the production of technological territorial externalities coming from public research centers and from universities. This type of externalities constitutes a very important factor for the territorial anchoring of the actors of biotechnologies
Cottet-Dumoulin, Laurence. "Le renouveau des rapports ville / fleuve, projet postmoderne ou nouveau fonctionnalisme ? : le cas du Rhône et de la Saône dans l'agglomération lyonnaise." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET2083.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the 1980s, in France and in the developed countries, a new concern emerged about a new designation of rivers as urban and natural inheritance. The thesis inquires about these new ways of development of the rivers, presented through many projects of sustainability and totally opposed to the former patterns of development characterized by functionalism. The Lyon area, precursor on the matter, was chosen for the study. This study is organized into three parts. First, it gives an historical perspective of the river deskilling process in the Lyon area and shows the reference patterns. Then, it deals with the local process of reappropriation of the rivers. It is focused over the recent years, from 1978 to 2001, during which a river community policy was settled. It highlights three patterns of river development connected to the ideas of sustainability and to the construction of an urban strategy of internationalization of the city. A last part is devoted to a critical analysis about the breach of the river development pattern by interviewing the local associations and by analyzing what has been done to make the rivers territorial again
Rivier, Jean. "Patrimoine paysager et aménagement de l'espace dans la vallée de la Loire des limites du département du Cher à l'Orléanais." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100053.
Повний текст джерелаThe fast growing sixties are responsible for a lot of pressure on the traditional landscape of the "Val de Loire" and many of its ensuing changes have altered the intrinsic nature of open spaces. If we aim at protecting our landscapes while re-arranging them one has to know all about their intimate nature. In order to do an unbiased analysis of the impact of this new arrangement it is necessary to draw a picture of the landscape legacy left by past generations before going into more recent changes. In my thesis, scenery is often referred to as being the reflection of our civilization. Let's see how this comes up in our ever more sophisticated society. In the rural world people are throwing off the yoke of constraint and we bear witness to a new distribution of properties. Streams and rivers are canalized and harnessed to prevent them from flooding the meadows nearby. Hedgerows are fast disappearing so that the eye takes in vast open spaces. In villages the housing uniformity has been steadily on the wane to be replaced by a more functional landscape tatting into account each individual's specific needs. This civilization, whose technical means have made it possible an emancipation from constraint imposed by mother nature, has reduced the gap between the different way of life, has equipped itself with important collective constructions and finally has played a paramount part on open spaces. The philosophy behind it all has changed and the functional seems to have the best although there exist some scattered interesting attempts at estimating the impact of new accomplishments and above all at enriching and maintaining some of our historical heritage
Chable, Éric. "Les mutations d'une ancienne vallée industrielle : la vallée de la Seine de Paris à Rouen." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040114.
Повний текст джерелаThe Seine's valley is French example of transformation of an old industrial area. Large parts of the economic system have disappeared in front of international competition. One can observe a growing unemployment and derelict zones. .
Le, Garignon Christophe. "Activités pastorales et paysages agraires méditerranéens : méthodologie d'étude des liens entre facteurs humains et organisation de l'espace dans une petite vallée de la Corse : le Curtinese." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100171.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims for making light on the matter of relationships between agriculture and agrarian landscapes particularly Mediterranean and pastoral ones. This issue is more and more current in a background of redefinition of agriculture functions. So we built a transdisciplinary methodology, choosing on agro-geographical approach. We have supposed that pastoral activity and spatial organisation of land proper~, and cadastre are explanation factors. From an encased level hierarchical analysis of the spatial objects of agrarian' landscape, ground organisation and of the organisational objects of agriculture, we have proposed transversal concepts, connecting the watched object, landscape, and human factors. We have identified four hierarchical levels and three transversal concepts by level, whose relevance has been tested. We have chosen to work in a county of inner Corsica, Curtinese (Corti). Information has been collected by mean of aerial photograph analysis, investigation and follow up of shepherds ground inquiry. Connections appear at three levels. At the elementary level, we notice a ground recombining in order to build field paving, whose appearance depends on their technical itinerary, and fossilisation of parcel borders in the form of hedge. At second level, establish a reorganisation of land estates into pastoral territories according to technical logic, with a Von Thünen organisation of them which explains landscape modules. Cadastre modules explain morphological appearance of landscape modules. At third level, settlement nucleus and their successive extensions explain glade structure and distribution, where appear ground weft. Our results show great resemblance with other works dealing with pastoral Mediterranean landscapes and with milking goat systems of these countries. Therefore, our approach brings some inventive elements about ground and cadastre part in agrarian landscape morphology, I distinction between organisation levels, and technical factors integration. Limits of this work. I draw lines for future researches in matter of agrarian history and rural sociology
Gonguet-Mestre, Catherine. "L'axe durancien à l'amont de Pont Mirabeau : analyse spatiale et effets d'axe de communication en développement." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10087.
Повний текст джерелаChiappero, Dany. "Patrimoine ligérien et développement urbain : définition et nouvelles pratiques d'aménagement." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR1801.
Повний текст джерелаBerthet, Jean-Marc. "La Place du pont à Lyon : archéologie d'un espace public et histoire sociale." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0274.
Повний текст джерелаChodkiewicz, Corinne. "La métropolisation en France et en Allemagne : les régions métropolitaines de Lyon et Stuttgart." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21007.
Повний текст джерелаCélérier, Frédérique. "Vins et vignerons biologiques en France, une approche territoriale : les exemples du Bordelais et de la Vallée du Rhône." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30054/document.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic viticulture, which emerged in France after the Second World War and long remained marginal, has been booming for ten years now. The craze for organic wines, in terms of both production and consumption, is driven by the increase of environmental concerns regarding the use of pesticides, and by growing criticism of the standardization of wine manufacturing methods. Yet, organic viticulture is still struggling to emerge in the wine sector as a relevant solution to these current issues. Its mixed results question the ability of stakeholders in wine territories to embrace organic viticulture. This thesis explores the spatial and temporal processes at work in the dissemination of organic viticulture in France, as a groundswell whose transformations go beyond environmental purposes. Organic viticulture addresses plural determinants, – economics, tastes, ethics, health – as symptoms of an overall renewal of the relationships between wine, viticulture and territory. It reflects the shifting aspirations of urban societies concerning wine, wineries and rural areas. The geographical analysis of its dissemination, scope and limitations reveals that organic viticulture is both the witness and the driving force of deep transformations in the wine world. The latter is analyzed within a broader framework of issues in French rural and wine geography, currently undergoing a major upheaval. The territorial approach of this research analyses the dissemination of organic viticulture through the lens of increasingly numerous and varied relationships between actors in vineyards. Our grid focuses on winemakers, considered the main drivers of the spread of organic viticulture and whose role is representative of the changing relationship between urban and rural areas. The study of practices, discourses and representations is at the center of our approach. The undergoing processes are analysed in the whole French vineyard. The specific study of two wine regions, the Bordelais and the Rhône Valley, captures the complex territorial dynamics of this dissemination
Thimonier-Rouzet, Emmanuel. "L' efficacité du découpage territorial : contribution méthodologique pour déterminer des territoires d'expertise adaptés de la métropole lyonnaise." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_thimonier-rouzet_e.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe French area is organised in such a way that a great number of territorial divisions are available for the use of community political and administrative powers : the competences territories or power territories. To apprehend the demo-economic graduations and trends, the French area is also divided in statistical territories named information territories or knowledge territories set up by the INSEE. But economic activities do not care much about these territories and develop where they find benefits. Therefore, these several territorial divisions are not (no longer) adapted to the observation and study of planning issues such as, for example, people mobility or corporate real estate. The planning researcher and the consultant are increasingly confronted to the difficulty of territory adaptability to the issue to analyse. This professional thesis brings them and those interested in the issue of geometrical and temporality changing territories (Community, Business, economic development and town planning companies, etc. ) a methodological answer – a decision helping tool – allowing them to determine a valuable territory adapted to every topic. With this methodological contribution and the study of the observation and planning territories set up by the community to handle this difficulty, this thesis exposes the determinant part played by the private business in the process of the lyonnaise metropolis
Brand, Caroline. "Alimentation et métropolisation : repenser le territoire à l’aune d’une problématique vitale oubliée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH031/document.
Повний текст джерелаFeeding the territories of urban societies?Food and cities are two subjects today at the heart of a bundle relations, tensions and contradictions. Paradoxically, they were not apprehended and managed jointly any longer. This thesis aims to understand how food can be a prism through which the territory as considered in the metropolisation process, can be read but also designed and managed.The first part considers the state of the links between food and the urbanisation process as well as the potential interests of a crossover between the two systems that are related thereto in a time of a reterritorialisation of the food supply and metropolisation of the urban phenomenon. Through an analysis of the rhythm of successive crossovers between these two systems and their evolution, we show how the food in a reterritorialisation process perhaps underpins a thought revisiting jointly the issues of the food and planning system.The second part focuses on the analysis of the treatment of the links between food and the urban system based on the fact that food is not recognised as vital and lacks a comprehensive approach. It is not seen as a field of action in itself. It is formulated partially and in a fragmented manner. The apprehension of food as a public transversal issue by the territories is nevertheless ongoing. In France, the dominant prism of apprehension is that of agricultural action that evolves towards agri-food. In Lyon, the arrival of the Urbact “Sustainable food in urban communities” program helped initiate the beginnings of a metropolitan strategic ambition combining food (accessibility, quality and sustainability) and planning (management of urban agriculture, planning logistics, urban renewal, commercial system, social action, management of public spaces, tourism development, economic development, etc.) issues. The rising awareness and structuring of a reflection or a territorial action around food are characterised by a territorial transaction. A hybrid territorial field of action is emerging from the creation of a red thread and the development of interactions between actors, themes, scales of action and spaces around food.These elements highlight perspectives to consider the production and organisation of urban areas in the making, outlining the importance of the food for a transversal approach to metropolitan planning, governance and possibly construction issues
Didier, Michel. "L'action de l'homme sur les paysages fluviaux : contribution de l'écologie et de la géographie à l'étude d'une vallée anthropisée, l'Isère dans le Grésivaudan." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE19028.
Повний текст джерелаGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND TOOLS ARE APPLIED TO THE HIERARCICAL LEVELS OF THE HYDROSYSTEM OF THE ISERE RIVER IN THE GRESIVAUDAN, NORTHERN FRENCH ALPS, IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE PART OF RESPONSIBILITY OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE FLUVIAL LANDSCAPE. HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AND MULTIDATE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS SHOW THE PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE FLOOD PLAIN. THE INDUSTRIAL BOOM OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY HAS CAUSED THE EXTENSION OF URBAN AREAS UP AND DOWNSTREAM FROM GRENOBLE SINCE THE FIFTIES AND SEVENTIES. THIS HAS PUSHED THE MAIZE FIELDS TOWARDS THE FLOOD PLAIN, REDUCING THE RIPARIAN FORESTS TO A DISCONTINUOUS CORRIDOR ALONG THE ISERE. THE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND THE RADIAL GROWTH OF ASH (FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR L. ) REVEAL THE DEPENDENCE OF THE RIPARIAN WOOD PLANT COMMUNITIES ON THE WATERSHEET AND THE CAPILLARY WATER ASCENT AND RETAIN THEIR SPECIFICITY, DESPITE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY EMBANKMENT. THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF A HYDROSYSTEM IS ENSURED BY THE FUNCTIONAL ORGANISATION OF THE SPACE BETWEEN THE DIKES, WHERE THE SEDIMENTS ARE CONSTANTLY REDISTRIBUTED DUE TO THE WATER strength. HOWEVER, THE RIVER ENTRENCHMENT, CAUSED BY THE IMPORTANT GRAVEL HARVESTING IN THE CHANNEL DURING THE SIXTIES AND SEVENTIES, BRINGS ABOUT A STABILISATION OF THE DEPOSITS AND THE COLONISATION OF THE BARS BY HARDWOOD SPECIES
Carrouet, Guillaume. "Du TGV Rhin-Rhône au "Territoire" Rhin-Rhône : réticularité, mobilité et territorialité dans un espace intermédiaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838028.
Повний текст джерелаFerrand, Nicolas. "Approche morphologique de l'urbanisation : Lyon et son agglomération de 1945 à 2005 : données, outils et méthodes." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_ferrand_n.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of the Lyon metropolitan area has been the subject of numerous studies since 1945, as part of academic studies, specialized publications and planning documents. These references do not however know the processes at work across the finest scale on the entire territory of the city. The subject has an exploratory dimension. It is based on the identification and mobilization of a large number of heterogeneous archives, often kept with gaps in different locations. The data collected are extremely diverse: administrative records, old maps, aerial photographs, statistics, etc. . . One of the challenges of this research is to integrate these data into a coherent whole, with a Geographical Information System. The creation of databases has allowed the identification of the vast majority of detached housing units and buildings conducted in the urban community of Lyon, since 1945. They offer the possibility to know, at field scale, the dynamics of urbanization throughout the Greater Lyon, from many new qualitative and quantitative elements. This tool is intended to be used and developed. The data and methodology can be reused by others, without compatibility problems. They can lead to the creation of an observatory of urban development, updated in real time
Moine, Hervé. "Intelligence économique territoriale de l'aire d'influence du Port de Marseille Fos." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0343.
Повний текст джерелаThe Port of Marseille-Fos, strengthened by its 10 000 hectares located at the mouth of the second largest river of the mediterranean basin is a center piece of a global network and a central core of a local network. Interfacing maritime and land stakes, the area which is influenced by this international port must become aware of this complex system which surrounds it. It is the main object of this action research work. The approach presented is structured around the concept of the "territorial manufacturing plant" which links the analytical vision of productivity to that of the plant and the systemic vision associated to sustainable territorial development. This concept has enabled the setting up of a process based on volontary prospective, concertation, action and innovation, which aroused the port's local network, which allowed it to change from a passive state to a receptive one. . . First step toward a territorial pact. The work carried out is based on a precise analysis of the port system problematic and it proposes a method which allows to coordinate the territorial "manufacturing plant" in order to better understand and govern its regulation systems / retroactions (economic, environmental and social). The concrete results are presented and commented in order to finally propose a Territorial Economic Intelligence Master Plan for the areas influenced by the Port of Marseille-Fos. This thesis is the first step of a long process which will lead this territory toward new richnesses
Hernandez, Frédérique. "Le processus de planification des déplacements urbains entre projets techniques et modèles de ville." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32059.
Повний текст джерелаThe starting point for this research was the opportunity to follow, as an observer, the collective work meetings held for drawing up the Urban Travel Plans for Aix-en-Provence and Marseilles. We took the drafting of Urban Travel Plans as an “event”, a moment of constrained management which was superposed on common, everyday town management. Normative technical literature, as well as the legislative texts, position co-operation and exchanges between “actors” as one of the main levers in drawing up Urban Travels Plans. Although the legislative texts and the normative guides speak of the “actors”, the actors present at the work meetings speak of “projects” and technical issues. We have drawn up the hypothesis that the elaboration of an Urban Travel Plan is a scene where the interdependence between “projects”, rather than between partners is exacerbated. Basing our work on the theoretical developments proposed by Bruno Latour (symmetrical anthropology), we consider the operational projects as being what brings together and motivates the partners who draw up the Urban Travel Plan. We focused our interest on the many projects and their features
Peltier, Anne. "La gestion des risques naturels dans les montagnes d'Europe occidentale. Etude comparative du Valais (Suisse), de la Vallée d'Aoste (Italie) et des Hautes-Pyrénées (France)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00078352.
Повний текст джерелаIl existe, depuis deux siècles, une certaine convergence des discours et des politiques publiques ayant trait aux risques : le discours sur le changement climatique a succédé au discours sur le déboisement des montagnes, et le zonage réglementaire, a remplacé le reboisement et la protection des forêts.
Une analyse plus fine révèle cependant des différences importantes dans la répartition des compétences entre les différents acteurs, dans l'importance accordée à l'information préventive et surtout dans la pratique du zonage des risques.
L'organisation politique, qui confère aux collectivités locales un rôle plus ou moins important dans l'élaboration du zonage, constitue un facteur d'explication de ces différences. Entrent également en ligne de compte la culture politique au sens large ainsi que la philosophie du risque, qui associe une certaine tradition héritée de plusieurs siècles d'histoire, le contexte politique, social, économique et culturel actuel ainsi que les représentations dominantes dans les administrations.
Desveaux, Gentiane. "Démarches paysagères participatives : hybrider les logiques paysagères et territoriales pour appuyer la territorialisation : une enquête pragmatique sur les transformations institutionnelles et sociales dans les Parcs Naturels Régionaux de Rhône-Alpes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH012.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with landscape innovation within and by the Regional Natural Parks in the Rhône-Alpes region (France). Landscape is captured as a materiality under construction negotiated along interaction processes between individuals engaged in distinct action logics. The research underlines how Regional Natural Parks’ staff invent imaginative ways to hybridize two of these action regimes (a territorial logic and a landscape one) using participatory landscape procedures. This dynamic tends to favor the territorial anchorage of the new groupings of municipalities. The originality of the thesis emerges from the adopted pragmatic posture: participatory landscape procedures are analyzed along with their own experimentation. They take on the form of an inquiry as defined by Jown Dewey, transforming worlds as well as investigators at the same time
Faivre, Emmanuel. "Infrastructures autoroutières, mobilité et dynamiques territoriales." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1024.
Повний текст джерелаThe motorway sector wonders about the relations between the new practices of mobility, the conditions of space accessibility and the dynamic territorial ones. On the one hand, the old and discussed question of the structuring effects of the motorways arises about the localization of the economic activities. A systemic modelling of the interactions between motorway and system of localization was worked out to lead to a grid of analysis. Its objective is to avoid the methodological and theoretical problems of a vision deterministic of the role of the infrastructures of transport on the local development. On the other hand, the impact of the "35 hours" on flows, questions the managers of the motorway networks. Employee's talks identify their new behavior of mobility as well as the representation that they are done some. The RTT modifies their displacements with a specific turning for each one of them (intensity of the changes, new temporalities of displacements)
Fricau, Baptiste. "La mise en scène à des fins touristiques des espaces publics urbains : Bordeaux, Marseille et Montpellier." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU1005.
Повний текст джерелаCities have become major tourist magnets again. What accounts for such resumption of interest is a variety of economic, social and political factors which combine with urban and geographical ones to encompass a wide range of issues. Awareness of what profit can be made is fairly recent and cities now have entered a competitive fray to seduce that influx of prospective visitors and develop tourist activity. Rehabilitating public areas on a large scale ranks among the most visible actions taken to this end and it is accompanied by a strong communication campaign and consistent efforts to improve the city image. But tourism is not quite without side effects on the environment, be it an urban environment. Public areas are places where people meet and mix socially, they carry identity values and are vehicles for images. They are first and foremost used by and laden with meaning for people who live in them daily and identify with them. To grasp the way they work one should determine how those eminently sociable places come to carry the image of a city and what part they play in its tourist strategy. Given this context, Bordeaux, Marseilles and Montpellier are clearly cases in point and remarkably illustrative of this way of staging places. The range of actions each of these cities has been developing to manage its image and the divergent conceptions of tourism they entertain are highly illustrative of a complex phenomenon. Consequently one should rely on investigation, observation, interviews and documentary analysis to devise a multidisciplinary method which could take in the many effects of public areas fitting out and the way these places are appropriated for the sake of tourism
Sodezza, Guillaume. "Vers un atlas morphogénétique de la vallée du Gier : caractérisation des éléments et structures matériels hérités." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30016.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is carried out within the context of a contract CIFRE with the agency of townplanning of the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne, Epures.The ambition of this research is to propose a method “objective” and “systematic” to readthe material heritage of a territory, which forces to give up all criteria of selectiondiscriminating: the whole of the material traces which forms this heritage can be deducedfrom the analysis of minimal units and objectify (plots, built elements, road network), ofwhich appearance, disappearance and the transformation in time can be recalled by theexploitation of specific sources in particular of the old maps available. Other units, linear,specific or surface can be highlighted by a direct confrontation with the land.The analysis was carried out on the “ligérienne” part of the old industrial valley of Gier.The method implements a Geographical Information system (GIS) historical whichauthorizes integration, the reinterpretation and the crossing of information coming fromvaried sources: serial, textual, cartographic or iconographic. This tool facilitates thedivision and the update of the produced data.The results obtained have offered a reading of the evolution of the valley of Gier on theplot scale for two centuries. They propose a new approach of the territory and its evolutionwhich makes it possible to question the patrimonial policies or of installation existing.Extended to the whole space of the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne or to other territoriesand regularly updated, the method can make it possible to constitute an observatory oftheir evolution
Vergnaud, Guillaume. "A la recherche de la maille territoriale intermédiaire : approche comparée des recompositions et de l'aménagement des territoires en Rhône-Alpes (France) et en Catalogne (Espagne)." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0668.
Повний текст джерелаFor more than twenty years, France and Spain have undergone various processes of territorial reshaping, among which the creation of new intermediate authorities at the local scale (inter-city structures, Pays in France, comarcas in Spain). Halfway between commune/municipio and département/provincia, these government units are intended to favor the reform of the territorial organization as well as the design of better integrated and more horizontal territorial management policies. Based on the case studies of pioneer regions Rhône-Alpes and Catalunya, among the first to develop these new local spaces, this work questions the level of intermediateness that characterizes these local units under construction. It shows that the failure of their potential intermediate functions is due to their intermediate nature which itself makes them very fragile. They are subject to both internal and external neutralization and struggle to assert their legitimacy vis à vis existing government levels and other new local territories. The dramatic increase of the latter shows that it is the way the intermediate local units under study are built rather than their mere intermediate scale that explains their failure. Based on a large corpus of legislative material, on field studies (Pays Roannais, comarques of Bages and Osona) and on a multi-level cross-analysis in both space and time, this work aims to systematise the geographical approach of local government systems, a methodology particularly relevant in the perspective of converging local policies at the European level
Delahaye, Emmanuelle. "Les espaces fluvio-urbains rhodaniens à l’aval de Lyon : vienne, Valence, Avignon, Tarascon, Beaucaire et Arles : des territoires à la dérive ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe urban river spaces in the lower Rhône valley are a special case in the international waterfront redevelopment process that began during the sixties. There has been no significant restructuring of Rhône riverfronts downstream of Lyon in spite of their urbanistic potential and the wishes expressed by some local authorities. The urban heritage of the Rhône riverbanks is ossified or neglected and sometimes completely abandoned. This lack of action concerning the waterfronts reflects the paradoxical situation concerning the Rhône valley: a combination of inert towns and an imposing river that has been highly developed. It also shows that waterfront redevelopment is neither a systematic nor a universal process.The marginalization of these river-banks is due to factors related to both the hydrosystem and the social system. The hydrology of the river acts as a constraint on urban planning, and the Rhône riverfronts also suffer from problems caused by deficiencies in the various bodies involved and from the heavy road infrastructures built on the river-banks. A complex administrative and legislative framework further hampers the urban redevelopment of the river spaces.Poor management of these riverfront spaces combines with failures in flood risk policies. Cities struggle to apply safety politics because the Rhône presents a specific and changing risk and because of the passivity of the urban actors. However, as the risk has become a political issue, it has turned out to be a driving force behind the development of the Rhône riverbank area. An integrated sustainable development project named “Plan Rhône” aims at coordinating risk management in the whole of the river basin, and is the first step in territorial renewal. The towns are not yet involved in this project
Ferrieux, Cecile. "Les couloirs du risque : les milieux industriels et le gouvernement local des risques dans la Vallée de la chimie." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20091.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, industrial risk prevention policy can be described as technocratic and corporatist. State institutions and firms manage risks through high technological instruments. However, since the early nineties, news forms of public hazard policies can be observed. Those local policies defend a non-restrictive definition of industrial hazard and promote open partnerships between local public and private organizations. Despite this, they don’t undermine the industrial and expert features of public hazard policies. Based on the case of Lyon’s suburban industrial area, our study aims to resolve this paradox.With a local approach of the role of interest groups, we focus on the ability of industrial leader to engage in the different forms of government where they can influence local politicians in order to protect their interests. Because they control the risk regulation in one hand, and the territorial policies in the other hand, they are able to maintain a safe political environment for the industrial development
Planchat, Claire. "Du paysage aux intentions d'aménagement : usage des représentations paysagères pour la planification de l’agriculture dans les territoires périurbains : Élaboration d’un Itinéraire Méthodologique de Vision Prospective pour le Plan Local d’Urbanisme de Billom (France) et la Charte Paysagère du Parc Naturel de la Vallée d’Attert (Belgique)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20014/document.
Повний текст джерелаAgricultural areas are subject to multiple functions in addition to agricultural production such as recreation, tourism, environmental practices, etc. For periurban areas, the multifunctionality of agricultural areas is now recognized in the planning procedures. But it is still difficult for the promoters to find managementguidelines to preserve the balance between these uses as well as maintaining a "landscape quality". Periurban agriculture is ultimately considered for its value as a space and an available land in terms of urbanization, but what about the opinion of the farmers and owners of agricultural land? The objective ofthis thesis is to propose but also to analyze a participatory method based on the use of landscape representations to foster dialogue between stakeholders, officials, farmers and owners. This device is designed to help actors build their planning intentions concerning the agriculture. To develop this method,we selected two European French speaking territories, with two different management contexts: the town of Billom in France by the implementation of its Local Urban Planning (2006-2008), and the future Landscape Charter of the Natural Park of Attert in Belgium (2007-2009). We assume that landscape representations can be mobilized as medium for dialogue, through a specific methodological system and through participatory workshops. This methodological system can also help the actors to reveal their planning intentions concerning both social, but also the technical (agricultural and urban), relations and representations and to incorporate them into the urban or landscape planning.From the implementation of the methodological system (surveys and workshops) on the both sites in France and Belgium, we built a Methodological Itinerary of Prospective Vision (IMVP) It is composed of five aims of landscape representations uses which relate to: 1. expertise, 2.identification of the participants’ intentions, 3. characterization of the “cadre de vie” from workshops using the method of the negative vision of the future, 4. sharing the positive vision of the future and operational arguments and intentions to integrate into the planning process, 5. evaluation of the integration of the actors’ intentions into the territorialproject. To formalize and articulate these aims, in terms of methodological steps, we have chosen to complete the reading grid of the local landscape interventions categories (Moquay et al., 2007) and to develop it upstream the landscape charter process and in the middle of the urban planning process. Theresearcher involvement appears at two levels. First is mediation in the aim to bring together stakeholders in the process. The second is the observation and deciphering of the representations and planning intentions on landscape components identified by the actors. The interest of the IMVP is to be included in decision processes. It assists farmers and elected officials by establish agricultural projects in their territories. The IMVP also distinguishes transferable references and tools that urban planning managers can use to analyze actor’s intentions and to develop collaborative approaches. The IMVP could become a methodological guide to complement the growing demand for tools of dialogue and visualization of regional issues to support planning
Colin, Clément. "Patrimoine du présent, fondements et limites : les équipements producteurs d'électricité dans les vallées de la Loire et du Rhône." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00964936.
Повний текст джерелаGaëtan, Loïc. "Les agglomérations antiques du Val de Saône : émergence et mutations d’un réseau urbain de la fin de l’âge du Fer au début du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to study the processes of emergence, structuring and mutation of an ancient urban network from the end of the Protohistory to the beginning of the Middle Ages in a micro-region located on the edge of the ancient éduens, lingons and séquanes territories, the Saône Valley. This area is characterized by a density of Gallo-Roman small towns with an amount and a high quality of data unequalled in Gaul, as a result of ancient and recent research. While these small towns were among the first studied in the 1980’s, their exploitation was limited to the study of hierarchies and urban functions during the High Empire, neglecting the chronology and the evolution of the urban system.The site corpus has been homogenized and mapped using new tools that were specially developed for that. To meet the expectations of spatial organization and chronology, new information has been gathered. These data, collected in notes and synthesised through a set of archaeological descriptors, allow us to reflect on a better definition of the small towns characterization and on the study of their evolution paths.It is from the typo-chronology of the towns that spatial, morphological and temporal dynamics are highlighted on the scale of the Saône Valley, then are compared to the Central-East of Gaul’s data. The internal analysis of towns makes it possible to understand the place and role of the main components of occupancies such as monumental adornments, habitat types or handicraft. The research shows the importance and the variety of the urban area towns in the settlement system of Saône Valley from the end of the Latenian period. The organization of ancient networks, resulting from a very marked protohistorical heritage, and the urban dynamics indicate recurrences and specificities to each of the cities.This thesis makes an unprecedented synthesis on the emergence, development and future of this remarkable urban network, whose structure is still distinctly discernible nowadays
Spiesser, Jérôme. "Impacts d'une réorganisations des réseaux commerciaux sur l'occupation rurale : les cités antiques de la Basse vallée de la Seine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H065/document.
Повний текст джерелаAround 12 BC. Emperor Augustus decided to reorganise the Gauls. On this occasion, he created new cities and moved Protohistoric towns. This thesis aims to study in the short, medium and long terms, the impact this territorial reorganisation might have had on the rural occupation. Its originality is to model the dynamics of occupation not from data acquired during prospections but fortuitously during preventive archaeological operations. The number of settlements uncovered has been compared to the total surveyed surfaces, in order to base the reflection on the evolution of the density of settlements. This analysis has been conducted on the 1182 archaeological surveys conducted since 1990 in the four Roman cities of the lower valley of the Seine river and has allowed the discovery of 232 Gallic or Roman settlements. The main results are that the creation of new towns at the beginning of the Roman period, has firstly led to a rural exodus in short distances, in parallel with an enrichment of the rural society and an increase in inequalities. This has allowed the appearance of big agricultural exploitations in the second half of the 2nd century AC: the roman villa. Their appearance has nevertheless induced a progressive decline of the small peasantry from the end of the 2nd century forth, and is possibly linked to the development of hamlets around Augustan cities in the second half of the 3rd century. Areas that have not been subject to a planned urbanisation at the beginning of the Roman period have been marginalised
Voisin, Lolita. "La mobilisation du paysage par les acteurs publics locaux, un enjeu stratégique de territorialisation ? : réflexions en Loire Moyenne : Blois, Nevers, Saumur." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054473.
Повний текст джерелаBercovitz, Rémi. "Paysage, médiation paysagère et "bon état écologique" de la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise : mener une enquête historique pour fonder un projet partagé (XVIIIème -XXIème siècles)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30051/document.
Повний текст джерелаAny water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge
Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos
Vouhé, Rodolphe. "Responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise et ancrage territorial : une voie vers la création de nouvelles valeurs partenariales partagées. Le cas de l'entreprise EDF appliqué au bassin versant de la haute vallée de la Dordogne." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT5008/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work investigates the notion of territorial anchoring throught the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) favouring territorial economic development. This work involves field research through the programme “a river, a territory – DEVELOPMENT” initiated by the EDF corporation within the catchment area of the high Dordogne valley. First we conduct a study of the theoretical foundations and socio-economical contexts in which the territorialised CSR co-construction programme processes are involved. Our first objective is to measure stakeholder expectation during the elaboration of these programmes to understand how these expectations materialise into responses given by corporations. Then, we set up three experiments through the development of specific territorial engineering approaches. Our second objective consists in measuring the effective contribution of the EDF programme for territorial public action, identify its limits and new expectations of its actors. Finally, we compared our results against the programme roadmap initiated by EDF by revisiting the CSR and territorial anchoring concepts. Our third objective is to formulate potential evolutions of territorialised CSR programmes. The results show that these programmes are embedded within particular socio-economic contexts. The conducted experimentations show an effective contribution of the EDF territorial development programme around specific support approaches favouring project emergence within territorial governance. Finally, new expectations appear around a reinforcement of the interdependency between corporations and territories. We then propose an evolution of these programmes by joining roadmaps with an approach based on shared and partnership values aimed at favouring this interdependency
Herrmann, Lou. "Fabriquer la ville avec les lotissements : une qualification possible de la production ordinaire des espaces urbains contemporains ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses the contemporary modalities of the production of residential allotments (lotissements) in France, as well as the morphological quality of urban spaces produced in this operational framework. It questions the paradox between the almost unanimous criticism directed at these residential developments, on the one hand, and the observation of exemplary developmentoperations on the other hand. It explores the conditions under which this modus operandi can produce urban spaces with morphological qualities. The residential allotments are considered from a dual perspective: as a material space, by studying the quality of the urban fabric; and as a process, by analysing the functioning of the collective action systems composing it.From a theoretical perspective, this work makes use organisational sociology tools (sociologie des organisations) by crossing of the Strategic Analysis inputs (Crozier and Friedberg) with those of the Economies of Worth (Boltanski and Thévenot). The understanding of the development’s materiality draws on the “frames” approach (approche par trames) developed around the notion of urban fabric by the French school of urban morphology. The thesis relies on qualitative and comparative analysis of four case studies located in urban agglomeration of Lyon.Firstly, it shows that there is no morphological fatality. The fabric analysis of these four projects proves that this modus operandi is not doomed to produce mediocre urban spaces. This demonstration draws on a prior conceptualisation of the notion of morphological quality, considered as a social convention.The analysis of subdivision laws (droit de lotir), in the broader context of regulatory changes in the field of urbanism and town planning in France, then shows that the impact of sustainable development regulations is, at least indirectly, to increase the quality of the residential allotment. Legal changes have indeed created a context that encourages a stronger reflection on development location by the project manager (maître d’ouvrage) and probably also a greater building density.Nevertheless, laws cannot provide a full explanation. The decisions regarding morphology are made at three key moments: when the planning laws (droit des sols) are defined, when the planning approvals (autorisations d’urbanisme) are delivered and when developments are designed and programmed. The analysis so reveals that the municipal stakeholder potentially holds an important power over the regulation of the urban form. Local planning therefore has a significant impact on the developments’ fabric, although experience shows that this impact is most often negative. In the interaction with private stakeholders, whether they are the developers (lotisseurs) and their designers (concepteurs), or the inhabitants-project managers (habitants-maître d’ouvrage) and their builder (constructeurs), the municipality has many resources at his disposal to influence the projects quality. In this respect, this thesis highlights the central role that partner institutions play in this power relation, particularly for smaller municipalities. At these different moments, the aptitude of public regulation for improving quality depends on one essential variable: the political commitment of the stakeholders. Finally, the quality of the residential allotments also depends on a further element; whether or not the developers have a sense of morphological responsibility. Developers indeed maintain a room for manoeuver regarding morphology. Their behaviour at the conception level is consequently also decisive for the quality of the developments’ fabric
Aw, Thierno. "La ville nouvelle de Marne-la-Vallée et son insertion dans la dynamique francilienne : évaluation des enjeux du renforcement de la structure polycentrique sur les systèmes de déplacements." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00584880.
Повний текст джерелаPuget, Julien. "Les agrandissements d’Aix et de Marseille (1646-1789) : Droits, espaces et fabrique urbaine à l’époque moderne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3011.
Повний текст джерелаFrom two city expansion operations in the seventeenth century (Aix in 1646, Marseille in 1666), this research aims to understand the practical arrangements for production of urban space under the old regime, both in human terms and equipment.This study begins at ground level at the finest scale of urban materiality, the plot. From a cross-reflection on the rights of the land and property market, the challenge here is to understand the weight of structures and private legal mechanisms in urban process.Changing scale of analysis, a set of questions related to the building of the economy domain allows to highlight the economic, social and legal conditions surrounding the sites of construction. The goal here is both to identify the rules framing constructive activity and to determine the contours of the practice of individuals in this area. This axis induces a reflection on the structuration of a constructive public order at the end of the seventeenth century.Finally, this research addresses urban space in its larger whole, both hardware and administratively. From the institutional and public frameworks to carry out these operations, the issue of integration and management of these new spaces to the existing urban order came up
Mazel, Ivan. "Habitation écologique et dispersion bâtie : les « habitats alternatifs » comme expérimentations pour des transitions socioécologiques en territoires de moyenne montagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines the mutations of housing in the context of socio-ecological transitions. These society change processes aim to reduce ecological footprint and are initiated in niches by marginal changes. This work addresses the transformations in the margins of habitat production and it focuses of bottom-up initiatives driven by the inhabitants who set up self-promotion housing or that are involved in public authorities’ projects. The studied alternative housing projects are located in urbanization margins, in mid mountains rural areas. Indeed, in these territories, new ruralities have emerged based on the arrival of new residents supported by non-profit organization and promoted by local government policies and Parcs naturels régionaux. In this work, I thus question the organization of ecological housing in rural areas in the context of the socio-ecological transitions.The general hypothesis of this research is the following one: the alternative housing projects experiment ecological housing in mid mountain rural areas. I propose to test this hypothesis with a global approach to alternative housing projects in order to understand the ecological housing system organization. First, I analyze the relationship between actors in the project process and the use of material, energy and water resources in the construction and operation of these habitats. I then explore the deployment of the ways of living in the organization of the habitat and in the local space through the mobilities. Addressing different types of alternative housing, ecocommunity, rural cohousing and ecological estate, first allows to analyze the rural planning changes from inhabitants’ initiatives. In this way, I highlight the links between individual projects, support program of non-profit organizations and incentivizing public policies. Then, in the context of habitat production margins, I examine the contribution of alternative housing projects to the ecological housing of dispersedly built areas. I show the importance of collective strategies to allow a sober lifestyles, a use of local resources and mutualisation of space and goods. This work brings to light an ecological housing of dispersedly built areas between based on local autonomy and integration within physical and virtual networks
Baouche, Fouad. "Outils pour l'optimisation de la consommation des véhicules électriques." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current ecological and economic context encourages the authorities and the public to reduce CO2 emissions and oil dependence. The transportation is responsible for 23% of pollutants emissions in the world, and this proportion increases up to 37% in France/ The adoption of new transport solutions is primordial to reduce these emissions. Electro mobility is a viable alternative to conventional vehicles. While electric vehicles offer mobility with zero emissions, some of their characteristicds impede their development. The main obtacle to the adoption of these vehicles is the limited autonomy, a sparse distribution of charging stations in urban areas as well as a significant charging time. Also, to promote the use of this type of mobility, it is primordial to develop tools that optimize the energy consumption and take in to account the characteristics associated with this type of mobility. To achieve this, three areas are difined: modeling of electric vehicles, optimized charging station deployment and eco routing. The first part of this theis focuses on the consumption estimation of the electric vehicles and the presentation of the dynamic model library VEHLIB. The second part is dedicated to optimal allocation of charging stations; A methodology for the deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructures is proposed for the urban area o fthe city of Lyon, taking into account the mobility demand derived from the household travel surveys.The third part of the thesis deals with the eco-routing (green routing). A multi-objective methodology for eco routing with recharge en-route is proposed. The solutions take into account battery state does not permit to finish the trip.Finally, an experiment was carried out using an electric vehicle equipped with position and consumption sensors in order to validate the proposed methodologies and analyze exogenous factor that impact the electric vehicle consumption