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1
Schwock, Felix, and Shima Abadi. "Summary of underwater ambient sound from wind and rain in the northeast Pacific continental margin." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018294.
Анотація:
Analyzing underwater ambient sound from various sources such as ships, marine mammals, rain, and wind is crucial for characterizing the ocean environment. While efforts to analyze ocean ambient sounds have been ongoing since the 1940s, networks such as the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) provide modern large-scale recording setups for a more in-depth analysis. Here we will summarize results from analyzing over 11,000h of wind generated ambient sound and 280 h of ambient sound during rain collected between 2015 and 2019 by two OOI hydrophones deployed in the northeast Pacific continental margin. The hydrophones record continuously at depths of 81 and 581 m with a sample rate of 64 kHz. Meteorological data are provided by surface buoys deployed near the hydrophones. We compare our results to data obtained from a large-scale recording setup in the tropical Pacific Ocean (Ma et al., 2005). In contrast to their results, we found that sound levels during rain in the northeast Pacific Ocean are highly dependent on the wind speed over a wide frequency range. This implies that large-scale distributed sound measurements are necessary to accurately characterize underwater ambient sound from wind and rain across the globe. [Work supported by ONR.]
2
Flynn, Elizabeth Allan, Kenneth N. Barker, J. Tyrone Gibson, Robert E. Pearson, Leo A. Smith, and Bruce A. Berger. "Relationships between Ambient Sounds and the Accuracy of Pharmacists' Prescription-Filling Performance." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38, no. 4 (December 1996): 614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872096778827314.
Анотація:
Associations between ambient sounds and accuracy of pharmacists' prescription-filling performance in a pharmacy was studied. Pharmacists were videotaped as they filled prescriptions each workday for 23 days. Each filled prescription was inspected by the investigator. Deviations from the physician's written order were considered errors. Videotape analysis was used to detect unpredictable, predictable, uncontrollable, and controllable sounds. A within-subjects case control study design was employed to determine whether the frequency of ambient sounds was significantly different when prescriptions with errors, compared with those without errors, were filled. Loudness, in terms of equivalent sound levels (Leq) for each half hour, was analyzed for a relationship to dispensing error rate. A mean dispensing error rate of 3.23% was found. Unpredictable sounds, controllable sounds, and noise had a significant effect on pharmacists which resulted in a decreased dispensing error rate. These results suggest that the quality of pharmacists' performance is not adversely affected by ambient sound. As equivalent sound levels increased, the error rate increased to a point, then decreased.
3
Chapman, Ross. "Wind noise source level and Bio-Goose: Perspectives on Doug Cato’s contributions in ocean ambient noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023026.
Анотація:
Doug Cato’s research has provided insights that form the basis of our understanding of ambient noise in the ocean. This paper focuses on only two aspects of ambient noise that are strongly linked to Doug’s work. One is source level of ambient sound due to local wind at the sea surface. Estimates of wind sound source level derived from noise measurements with vertical line hydrophone arrays are shown to be consistent with the levels for noise due to wind reported in the Cato curves—up to date relationships for levels of components of ambient noise over a wide frequency band. The second aspect revisits a curious sound that was recorded in waters around Australia and New Zealand some years ago. The sounds were believed to be generated by marine animals, but the type of creature was not identified at sea or in subsequent analysis. Owing to the limited bandwidth of the recordings, the sound was accordingly dubbed as Bio-Duck in New Zealand and Bio-Goose in Australia. Further characteristics of the sound are presented, along with evidence of a probable conversation between two speakers and an example of the Lombard effect in the communications.
4
Ragland, John, Alexander S. Douglass, and Shima Abadi. "Using distributed acoustic sensing for ocean ambient sound analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018176.
Анотація:
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a technique that utilizes the back scattering in fiber optic cables to densely sample the strain rate in both space and time. This technique has been widely demonstrated as a powerful tool for seismic sensing, but the efficacy of submerged, under-sea cables for ocean acoustic sensing remains underexplored. The ocean observatories initiative (OOI) conducted a distributed acoustic sensing experiment in November of 2021, where two of the fiber optic cables continuously recorded the strain rate for four days. In this talk, the ambient sound field recorded by the OOI DAS experiment will be explored. A statistical comparison of hydrophone measurements and DAS measurements will be presented. Additionally, the possibility of using ocean ambient sound techniques, such as ambient noise interferometry will be explored and compared to hydrophone analysis. [Work supported by ONR.]
5
Bahle, Gernot, Vitor Fortes Rey, Sizhen Bian, Hymalai Bello, and Paul Lukowicz. "Using Privacy Respecting Sound Analysis to Improve Bluetooth Based Proximity Detection for COVID-19 Exposure Tracing and Social Distancing." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165604.
Анотація:
We propose to use ambient sound as a privacy-aware source of information for COVID-19-related social distance monitoring and contact tracing. The aim is to complement currently dominant Bluetooth Low Energy Received Signal Strength Indicator (BLE RSSI) approaches. These often struggle with the complexity of Radio Frequency (RF) signal attenuation, which is strongly influenced by specific surrounding characteristics. This in turn renders the relationship between signal strength and the distance between transmitter and receiver highly non-deterministic. We analyze spatio-temporal variations in what we call “ambient sound fingerprints”. We leverage the fact that ambient sound received by a mobile device is a superposition of sounds from sources at many different locations in the environment. Such a superposition is determined by the relative position of those sources with respect to the receiver. We present a method for using the above general idea to classify proximity between pairs of users based on Kullback–Leibler distance between sound intensity histograms. The method is based on intensity analysis only, and does not require the collection of any privacy sensitive signals. Further, we show how this information can be fused with BLE RSSI features using adaptive weighted voting. We also take into account that sound is not available in all windows. Our approach is evaluated in elaborate experiments in real-world settings. The results show that both Bluetooth and sound can be used to differentiate users within and out of critical distance (1.5 m) with high accuracies of 77% and 80% respectively. Their fusion, however, improves this to 86%, making evident the merit of augmenting BLE RSSI with sound. We conclude by discussing strengths and limitations of our approach and highlighting directions for future work.
6
Wu, Xiaoqi. "Optimization of Ambient Acoustics in Los Angeles Restaurant by Material Selection." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 61 (July 30, 2023): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v61i.10294.
Анотація:
This paper explores the acoustic characteristics of Hai Di Lao Hotpot restaurant in the Los Angeles area and utilizes noise reduction technology to improve the acoustics of the restaurant in the modeling of ODEON software. First, 5 questions are designed to collect satisfaction level from eaters in the restaurant, and 12 different audio recordings are collected in the different locations of the restaurant. According to the analysis of results of questionnaire by Excel and decibel detection by Apple Watch, the improvement of acoustic environment is proven to be necessary to conduct in this restaurant. The collected audios tracks are then processed in the Audacity software to ensure that the sounds are close to sounds people heard in the restaurant as much as possible and the sound collection equipment (iPhone) won’t negatively affect the quality of audio too much. Then, an extant model in the library of ODEON software is chosen, and audios collected in the restaurant are inserted as audios for the chosen model. Some places in the model are also determined to place receivers. After that, by replacing original building materials in the model by materials that has better sound insulation or better sound concentration effect, the acoustic environment in the model is adjusted. By analysis provided by ODEON software, the audios after material adjustment are proven to be better with the change of building environment.
7
Allen, John S. "Ambient acoustic enviroment—Diurnal soundscapes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016242.
Анотація:
Soundscape ecology has emerged as an important technique for monitoring complex coastal environments. Spatial and temporal acoustic variability exists between different regions and habitats. The sound characteristics have been hypothesized to be related to the associated community’s diversity and health. The prominent sounds may originate from physical, biological, and anthropogenic sources. Biological sounds especially those at coral reefs locations may have seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations. Snapping shrimp noise can dominate the ambient noise background in these sub-tropical coastal regions. While seasonal variations of snapping shrimp sounds have been studied extensively, the diurnal variations across habitats are less understood. Ambient noise data from two sites on Oahu, Hawaii are investigated with respect to diurnal variations using both spectral and time series analysis. Motivations and inspirations from Dr. Lisa Zurk’s extensive work on passive acoustics are highlighted. In addition, Dr. Zurk made notable theoretical and numerical contributions to acoustic scattering research. Some recent studies on the scattering from gas bubbles in complex media are also outlined in tribute.
8
Chandel, Garima, Evance Matete, Tanush Nandy, Varun Gaur, and Sandeep Kumar Saini. "Ambient Sound Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340502017.
Анотація:
Due to its many uses in areas including voice recognition, music analysis, and security systems, sound recognition has attracted a lot of attention. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become a potent tool for sound recognition, producing cutting-edge outcomes in a variety of challenges. In this study, we will look at the architecture of CNNs, several training methods used to enhance their performance, and accuracy testing. The performance of the proposed sound recognition technique has been tested using 1000 audio files from the UrbanSounds8K dataset. The accuracy results obtained by using a CNN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models were 95.6% and 93% respectively. These results portray the efficiency of using an advanced CNN architecture with five convolution layers and a versatile dataset like Urbansoundsd8K.
9
Howe, Bruce M., and Rex Andrew. "Early ocean ambient sound monitoring, precursor to soundscapes today, influenced by J. Nystuen." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018291.
Анотація:
In the early 1990s, as the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) program was starting, simple statistics of ocean ambient sound were unknown. For instance, what fraction of time does the sound level at some frequency exceed a certain value? When the Cold War ended, US Navy SOSUS arrays became available for “dual use” science. At the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, we began to collect ambient sound data in 1994 from Navy arrays in the Pacific. Initial data spanning 2 years were presented by Curtis et al. [JASA (1999)]. Data and corresponding analyses were separated according to process, i.e., shipping, marine mammals, and wind, as well as for the total. This monitoring effort continued for nearly two decades as reported by Andrew et al. [JASA (2011)], with other collaborators involved (Metzger and Mercer). Throughout, J. Nystuen was always providing guidance and advice in the data analysis and interpretation of the ambient sound data, in fact influencing the first author as graduate students together. We review these early results and connect them to present day understanding and data collection efforts that reflect the status of Ocean Sound as an Essential Ocean Variable of the Global Ocean Observing System.
10
Meng, Chun Xia, Hao Mu, and Gui Juan Li. "Effect of Guide’s Acoustic Parameters on Vertical Directivity of the Marine Ambient Noise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 1207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.1207.
Анотація:
The vertical directivity characteristic of ambient noise is one inherent characteristic of the ocean in shallow water. And it includes the information of guide’s acoustic characteristic information. The marine guide is composed of sea water; seabed and surface boundary, there into, the acoustic parameters of seabed are hardly obtained exactly. In this paper, the model of vertical directivity for ambient noise is established. Based on the ray theory of sound propagation, the influence of guide’s acoustic parameters which include sound speed, density and attenuation coefficient on vertical directivity of marine ambient noise is simulated. The results are propitious to analysis and command the characteristics of ambient noise, and valuable to accelerate the exertion of acoustic equipment performance.
11
Deng, Zhiyong, Kexin Dong, Danfeng Bai, Kaicheng Tong, and Aili Liu. "A Case Study on Soundscape Analysis for the Historical and Ethnic Village of Dong Nationality in Zhaoxing County." Acoustics 3, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics3020016.
Анотація:
A soundscape is a sound environment of the awareness of auditory perception and social or cultural understandings. Based on a soundscape investigation in 2019 in the historical and ethnic village of Dong Nationality in Zhaoxing County, Guizhou Province of China, a case study on the soundscape analysis with the acoustical sound pressure level and an impressive sound event or soundmark is introduced in this paper. Furthermore, in order to determine the subjective soundscape experience and its influence by the length of background music listening, the independent variable “Length of Listening” and six adjective pairs, such as “Monotonous” to “Rich”, “Clamorous” to “Quiet”, “Stressing” to “Relaxing”, “Boring” to “Vivid”, “Noisy” to “Musical” and “Disliked” to “Preferable” are chosen to obtain a curve-fit, which shows that the length of the music listening background has a higher correlation to the subjective experience, and no sufficient attention has been paid to the context of the traditional soundscape preservation, ethnic music and quiet and soft ambient sounds.
12
Butler, Brooks A., Kent L. Gee, Mark K. Transtrum, Katrina Pedersen, Michael M. James, and Alexandria R. Salton. "Clustering analysis of inputs to a geospatial model of outdoor ambient sound." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (September 2018): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5067674.
13
O'Hara, William. "Mapping Sound." Journal of Sound and Music in Games 1, no. 3 (2020): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsmg.2020.1.3.35.
Анотація:
Each playthrough of Ed Key and David Kanaga's Proteus (2013) presents players with a new, randomly generated island to explore. This unstructured exploration is accompanied by a procedurally generated ambient soundtrack that incorporates both harmonic textures and melodic motives, and abstract musical representations of environmental sounds. In the absence of clearly defined goals—except to progress through four distinct “seasons” of the game—the player's relationship to the soundtrack becomes a core gameplay element, and a playthrough of Proteus becomes, among other things, a kind of improvised performance art. Viewed from this perspective, Proteus's combination of free exploration and chance strongly evokes ideas from mid-twentieth-century musical modernism, including the graphic scores of Cardew and Cage and the “mobile form” works of Stockhausen and Ligeti. Proteus further complicates analysis by concealing the mechanisms that produce particular musical fragments and by eliding the roles of listener and player/performer. This article examines the tensions inherent in the complementary actions of playing/performing Proteus and listening to/analyzing it, and argues that the game challenges the distinctions between creator, performer, and observer by vividly embodying the most deeply ingrained metaphors of music analysis.
14
Luan, Yigang, Lanyi Yan, Tao Sun, and Pietro Zunino. "Analysis of flow field and aerodynamic noise of marine gas turbine air intake system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 886–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0020582.
Анотація:
The aerodynamic noise of air intake system is one of the main noise sources of a gas turbine power plant. In this study, large eddy simulation in conjunction with acoustic finite element method were used to simulate the flow field and acoustic field of the air intake system of marine gas turbine. Based on the acoustic analogy methods, the internal sound source distributions and inlet radiated noise characteristics of the air intake system under different working conditions and wind speeds were analyzed. The simulated flow fields show that the highest vorticity magnitude occurs around the output shaft as the flow largely separates when passing through. The total pressure loss across the intake system increases with the increasing of the air mass flow rate and the ambient wind speed. The acoustical results show that the low frequency noise of the intake system is more prominent than the high frequency noise. The far field sound pressure level increases quadratically with the intake mass flow rates. The introduction of the ambient wind speed at the inlet boundaries reduces the high frequency aerodynamic noise of the intake system, but the overall sound pressure level of the aerodynamic noise increases with the wind speeds.
15
Lipor, John, John Gebbie, and Martin Siderius. "On the limits of distinguishing seabed types via ambient acoustic sound." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 5 (November 1, 2023): 2892–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022331.
Анотація:
This article presents a theoretical analysis of optimally distinguishing among environmental parameters from ocean ambient sound. Recent approaches to this problem either focus on parameter estimation or attempt to classify the environment into one of many known types through machine learning. This classification problem is framed as one of hypothesis testing on the received ambient sound snapshots. The resulting test depends on the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) between the distributions corresponding to different environments or sediment types. Analysis of the KLD shows the dependence on the signal-to-noise ratio, the underlying signal subspace, and the distribution of eigenvalues of the respective covariance matrices. This analysis provides insights into both when and why successful hypothesis testing is possible. Experiments demonstrate that our analysis provides insight as to why certain environmental parameters are more difficult to distinguish than others. Experiments on sediment types from the Naval Oceanographic Office Bottom Sediment type database show that certain types are indistinguishable for a given array configuration. Further, the KLD can be used to provide a quantitative alternative to examining bottom loss curves to predict array processing performance.
16
Margolis, Robert H., and Brandon Madsen. "The Acoustic Test Environment for Hearing Testing." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 09 (October 2015): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14072.
Анотація:
Background: Audiology clinics traditionally employ expensive, prefabricated sound rooms to create an environment that is sufficiently quiet for accurate hearing tests. There is seldom any analysis of the need for or benefit from such enclosures. There may be less expensive methods that would decrease the cost of and increase access to hearing testing. Purpose: This report provides information concerning the need for and effectiveness of sound rooms and an analysis of the audiometric test ranges for various earphone/room combinations. Research Design: Acoustic measurements made in four rooms were analyzed with the attenuation provided by various earphone designs to determine the maximum permissible ambient noise levels and the corresponding audiometric test ranges. Study Sample: The measurements and calculations were performed with four test rooms and five earphone designs. Data Collection and Analysis: Ambient noise levels and earphone attenuation characteristics were used to calculate the noise levels that reach the ear. Those were compared to the maximum permissible ambient noise levels that are provided in ANSI S3.1-1999 or calculated from measured attenuation levels. These measurements were used to calculate testable ranges for each room/earphone combination. Results: The various room/earphone combinations resulted in minimum test levels that ranged from −10 to 20 dB HL at various test frequencies. Conclusions: When the actual benefits of expensive prefabricated sound rooms are assessed based on the range of hearing levels that can be tested, the effectiveness of that approach becomes highly questionable. Less expensive methods based on planning the clinic space, use of inexpensive sound treatments, and selecting an appropriate earphone can be effective in almost any space that would be used for hearing testing.
17
Walters, Matthew, Oleg A. Godin, John Joseph, and Tsu Wei Tan. "Soundscapes from deep-water moored receivers in the vicinity of the New England Seamounts." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023629.
Анотація:
Acoustic noise interferometry in the ocean relies on synchronized measurements of ambient sound at spatially separated points to passively measure the acoustic travel times between receiver locations. A network of four autonomous, moored, near-bottom acoustic receivers were deployed in the vicinity of the New England Seamounts for 52 days as part of the larger New England Seamount Acoustics (NESMA) Pilot experiment. Receiver depths ranged from 2500–4475 m. The moored receivers provided stable observation platforms in a region with highly variable and occasionally strong currents. The noise interferometry network aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing passive acoustic remote sensing methods to study a highly dynamic ocean region with complex bathymetry. Strong ocean variability at the experimental site was induced by its proximity to the Gulf Stream. This paper presents the initial analysis of water-depth dependence and intermittency of ambient sound spectra and spectrograms on near-bottom receivers. The relation between the spectral features of ambient sound and ocean dynamics is explored. Additionally, the feasibility of using the onboard Chip Scale Atomic Clocks to synchronize the experimental data and calculate broadband noise cross-correlation functions for each of the receiver pairs is discussed.
18
Elelu, Kehinde, Tuyen Le, and Chau Le. "Augmented Hearing of Auditory Safety Cues for Construction Workers: A Systematic Literature Review." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 9135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239135.
Анотація:
Safety-critical sounds at job sites play an essential role in construction safety, but hearing capability is often declined due to the use of hearing protection and the complicated nature of construction noise. Thus, preserving or augmenting the auditory situational awareness of construction workers has become a critical need. To enable further advances in this area, it is necessary to synthesize the state-of-the-art auditory signal processing techniques and their implications for auditory situational awareness (ASA) and to identify future research needs. This paper presents a critical review of recent publications on acoustic signal processing techniques and suggests research gaps that merit further research for fully embracing construction workers’ ASA of hazardous situations in construction. The results from the content analysis show that research on ASA in the context of construction safety is still in its early stage, with inadequate AI-based sound sensing methods available. Little research has been undertaken to augment individual construction workers in recognizing important signals that may be blocked or mixed with complex ambient noise. Further research on auditory situational awareness technology is needed to support detecting and separating important acoustic safety cues from complex ambient sounds. More work is also needed to incorporate context information into sound-based hazard detection and to investigate human factors affecting the collaboration between workers and AI assistants in sensing the safety cues of hazards.
19
Ragland, John, Nicholas C. Durofchalk, Kay L. Gemba, and Shima Abadi. "Detecting the Kauai source beacon with ocean observatories innitiative hydrophones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023175.
Анотація:
In March of 2023, a sound source off the coast of Kauai began regularly transmitting a 75 Hz signal into the ocean, six times a day, every fourth day. The regular transmission of this signal allows for the long-term measurements of ocean basin scale temperature changes using the technique of acoustic tomography, as well as further investigations of long-distance acoustic propagation. The Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI) has, as part of its suite of oceanographic sensors, 11 hydrophones that are continually recording ambient sound. These hydrophones are in various diverse environments in the north-east pacific including bottom mounted in shallow environments, deep environments, on top of seamounts, and moored at 200 m below the ocean surface. In this talk, we present preliminary results of acoustic propagation modeling and data analysis towards receiving the Kauai signal with the OOI hydrophones. The diverse environments of the hydrophones allow us to investigate how different levels of ambient sound and environmental factors, such as proximity to the sound channel affect the ability to detect a positive reception of the Kauai source across the ocean basin. [Work supported by ONR.]
20
Lindseth, Adelaide, and Phillip Lobel. "Underwater Soundscape Monitoring and Fish Bioacoustics: A Review." Fishes 3, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3030036.
Анотація:
Soundscape ecology is a rapidly growing field with approximately 93% of all scientific articles on this topic having been published since 2010 (total about 610 publications since 1985). Current acoustic technology is also advancing rapidly, enabling new devices with voluminous data storage and automatic signal detection to define sounds. Future uses of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) include biodiversity assessments, monitoring habitat health, and locating spawning fishes. This paper provides a review of ambient sound and soundscape ecology, fish acoustic monitoring, current recording and sampling methods used in long-term PAM, and parameters/metrics used in acoustic data analysis.
21
Hajihashemi, Vahid, Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh, Pedro Miguel Cruz, Marta Campos Ferreira, José J. M. Machado, and João Manuel R. S. Tavares. "Binaural Acoustic Scene Classification Using Wavelet Scattering, Parallel Ensemble Classifiers and Nonlinear Fusion." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041535.
Анотація:
The analysis of ambient sounds can be very useful when developing sound base intelligent systems. Acoustic scene classification (ASC) is defined as identifying the area of a recorded sound or clip among some predefined scenes. ASC has huge potential to be used in urban sound event classification systems. This research presents a hybrid method that includes a novel mathematical fusion step which aims to tackle the challenges of ASC accuracy and adaptability of current state-of-the-art models. The proposed method uses a stereo signal, two ensemble classifiers (random subspace), and a novel mathematical fusion step. In the proposed method, a stable, invariant signal representation of the stereo signal is built using Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST). For each mono, i.e., left and right, channel, a different random subspace classifier is trained using WST. A novel mathematical formula for fusion step was developed, its parameters being found using a Genetic algorithm. The results on the DCASE 2017 dataset showed that the proposed method has higher classification accuracy (about 95%), pushing the boundaries of existing methods.
22
Hua, Zhi Li, Lei Li, and Zhong Hai Zhou. "Offshore Marine Ambient Noise Measurement Study Based on Laser Interferometer Hydrophone." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.746.
Анотація:
Sound pressure is an important parameter of marine background noise monitoring. A laser interferometric hydrophone is designed based on Michelson interferometry. By tracking compensation method, immunity from interference of the hydrophone is improved. Error analysis shows that the vibrating membrane is the main source of the sound pressure error, which can be eliminated to a certain extent by a vibrating membrane materials selection. Offshore data show that hydrophone pressure measurement of high precision, and with a good frequency response. By comparison with the theoretical model to some extent also verified the accuracy of data. In coastal waters, wind noise and ship radiate noise is the main noise source of marine ambient noise. Here, marine ambient noise spectrum of three wind speed were calculated, and with Kundsen curves were compared. Results show that measured data and Kundsen curve fitting is better. In addition, the measurement of vessel radiation noise is mainly concentrated in frequency range of 350~500Hz.
23
Droumeva, Milena, and Iain McGregor. "Sound Stories: A Context-Based Study of Everyday Listening to Augmented Soundscapes." Interacting with Computers 31, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwz024.
Анотація:
Abstract With an increasing number of everyday operations and communications becoming both automated and autonomous, ambient intelligent soundscapes are transforming to accommodate additional sonic feedback, and with it, new frameworks of listening. While this type of research and design of audio augmented technology is not new, the impact pre-existing acoustic environments upon listeners’ sense-making activities is rarely considered holistically. Much of the study into the design of effective auditory displays focuses on perceptual acuity and correct source identification, often at the expense of understanding the context of meaning-making. This paper presents a study involving 70 participants who listened to unidentified audio recordings of two archetypal everyday urban sound environments naturally containing artificial signals as well as typical sounds. Using a ThinkAloud protocol we investigated listeners’ approaches to meaning-making in both semantic and temporal dimensions. Through a semantic content analysis, we articulate five aspects of sonic meaning-making: spatial, descriptive, experiential, associational and narrative. We further analyse the use of these perceptual elements on a temporal plane, in order to investigate how listeners construct a narrative of what they hear in real-time, naturally evolving as each subsequent sound event is interpreted. Results suggest that while listeners attend to sound events and spatial characteristics of a sound environment at the beginning of a new listening situation, as the soundscape unfolds they utilize associations and familiarity in order to place individual sounds into increasingly coherent narratives. Finally, we suggest that this approach could provide sound designers and human–computer interaction specialists with a model for investigating the context aspects of a soundscape more holistically, allowing them to evaluate the effect of any new designed sounds prior to introduction into real-world environments.
24
Prawirasasra, Muhammad Saladin, Mirko Mustonen, and Aleksander Klauson. "The Underwater Soundscape at Gulf of Riga Marine-Protected Areas." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080915.
Анотація:
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is widely used as an initial step towards an assessment of environmental status. In the present study, underwater ambient sound recordings from two monitoring locations in marine-protected areas (MPAs) of the Gulf of Riga were analysed. Both locations belong to the natural habitat of pinnipeds whose vocalisations were detected and analysed. An increase of vocal activity during the mating period in the late winter was revealed, including percussive signallings of grey seals. The ambient sound spectra showed that in the current shallow sea conditions ship traffic noise contributed more in the higher frequency bands. Thus, a 500 Hz one-third octave band was chosen as an indicator frequency band for anthropogenic noise in the monitoring area. It was shown that changes in the soundscape occurring during the freezing period create favourable conditions for ship noise propagation at larger distances. Based on the monitoring data, the environmental risks related to the anthropogenic sound around the monitoring sites were considered as low. However, further analysis showed that for a small percentage of time the ship traffic can cause auditory masking for the ringed seals.
25
Haas, Ellen C., and Judy Edworthy. "Measuring Perceived Urgency to Create Safe Auditory Warnings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 16 (October 1996): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001611.
Анотація:
Various pulse parameters, which were believed to affect the perceived urgency of multitone auditory warning signals, were investigated in a factorial experiment. The three independent variables included pulse fundamental frequency (200, 500, and 800 Hz), pulse sound pressure level above ambient (5, 25, and 40 dB sound pressure level [SPL]), and inter-pulse interval (0,250, and 500 ms). The psychophysical method of free-modulus magnitude estimation was used to measure subjective perceived urgency. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that all independent variables and most variable interactions were significant. Perceived urgency increased as pulse level increased and inter-pulse interval decreased. Multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that signal level and inter-pulse interval were important in subject perception of signal similarity in terms of perceived urgency. Signals with high sound pressure levels and short inter-pulse intervals were perceived by subjects to have similar perceived urgency, as were signals with low sound pressure levels and long inter-pulse intervals.
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Chatwin, John, and Andrea Capstick. "The influence of subliminal crosstalk in dementia narratives." Dementia 18, no. 5 (September 6, 2017): 1740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301217724922.
Анотація:
Ethnographic audio-visual research data recorded in a busy dementia care environment were initially considered to be ‘contaminated’ by unwanted background noise. This included a variety of elements: ambient sound, mechanical noise, non-narrative vocalisation and narrative fragments from parallel conversation. Using the methodological lens of conversation analysis, we present an exploration of the striking temporal and sequential resonances between the narrative of one man with dementia and a group of care staff holding a separate conversation some distance away. We suggest that in this and similar settings, where random and intrusive background sounds and conversation form a ubiquitous backdrop, the presence of such ‘noise’ can have a detectable influence on the content and direction of situated narratives. We argue that rather than attempting to filter out these apparently intrusive sounds from micro-interactional data, interference elements can usefully be incorporated into the analysis of interactions.
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Szabo, Victor. "Pacifica Radio’s Music from the Hearts of Space and the Ambient Sound of California’s New Age." Journal of the American Musicological Society 74, no. 1 (2021): 43–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2021.74.1.43.
Анотація:
Abstract Music from the Hearts of Space, a freeform music program that aired across Northern California on KPFA-FM Pacifica Radio from 1973, set forth an expansive transgeneric vision of contemplative atmospheric “space music” whose properties, in the following decades, would become more popularly codified as either “new age” or “ambient.” Histories of these latter genres typically separate out ambient’s avant-garde lineage and secular functionalism from new age’s therapeutic and spiritual concerns; but an examination of Hearts’s first decade on the air, leading up to its 1983 syndication via National Public Radio’s satellite network, reveals a sonic and cultural milieu that belies this eventual generic split. Through investigation of Hearts’s private archive and interviews with the program’s host Stephen Hill, as well as industry research, cultural-historical study, and style analysis, I situate the genesis of Hearts’s proto-ambient sound within the Bay Area’s new age movement of the 1970s and early 1980s. Informed by the metaphor of the global media environment established in systems theory and popularized by Marshall McLuhan and Stewart Brand, artists and media producers within this grassroots technoculture designed and spread “alternative” personal media for the development of holistic awareness. These media included slow, reverberant, hypnotic recorded music, as curated by Hill and his cohost Anna Turner under the guiding concept of “space music.” This early history and analysis of Hearts’s space music as an atmospheric medium for attuning the listening self to a worldwide media ecology deepens and complicates genealogies that isolate the formation of ambient music from that of new age, revealing a cross-pollination of highbrow and countercultural ideals that led many musicians associated with the new age movement to similar sonic conclusions to those of ambient music architect Brian Eno.
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Kucukali Ozturk, Merve. "Thermal and acoustic characterization of nanofibrous polymeric structures for insulation applications." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 6, no. 5 (December 31, 2023): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2023.05482489.
Анотація:
Nanofibrous structures are engineered materials for high-end applications. The impact of electrospinning settings on the thermal and acoustic properties of polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous structures is examined in this research. The excellent sound-absorbing properties of PU make it a versatile material that may be used in a variety of acoustic applications. The study focuses on how PU nanofiber morphology, such as fiber diameter and volume fraction, is affected by varying ambient conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to examine the stability and thermal behavior of PU nanofibers. The findings show that raising the fiber volume fraction improves thermal stability and changes the way PU nanofibers behave thermally. PU nanofiber webs provide efficient sound absorption in low and intermediate frequency ranges according to the study's analysis of the sound absorption coefficients. According to the results, PU nanofiber webs may offer novel approaches to noise control, especially in situations where acoustic panel insulation is needed with no weight penalty.
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Cazau, Dorian, Julien Bonnel, Joffrey Jouma’a, Yves le Bras, and Christophe Guinet. "Measuring the Marine Soundscape of the Indian Ocean with Southern Elephant Seals Used as Acoustic Gliders of Opportunity." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 1 (January 2017): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0124.1.
Анотація:
AbstractThe underwater ambient sound field contains quantifiable information about the physical and biological marine environment. The development of operational systems for monitoring in an autonomous way the underwater acoustic signal is necessary for many applications, such as meteorology and biodiversity protection. This paper develops a proof-of-concept study on performing marine soundscape analysis from acoustic passive recordings of free-ranging biologged southern elephant seals (SES). A multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) framework is used to predict the measured ambient noise, modeled as a multivariate acoustic response, from SES (depth, speed, and acceleration) and environmental (wind) variables. Results show that the acoustic contributions of SES variables affect mainly low-frequency sound pressure levels (SPLs), while frequency bands above 3 kHz are less corrupted by SES displacement and allow a good measure of the Indian Ocean soundscape. Also, preliminary results toward the development of a mobile embedded weather sensor are presented. In particular, wind speed estimation can be performed from the passive acoustic recordings with an accuracy of 2 m s−1, using a rather simple multiple linear model.
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Tejera-Berengue, Diana, Fangfang Zhu-Zhou, Manuel Utrilla-Manso, Roberto Gil-Pita, and Manuel Rosa-Zurera. "Analysis of Distance and Environmental Impact on UAV Acoustic Detection." Electronics 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2024): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030643.
Анотація:
This article explores the challenge of acoustic drone detection in real-world scenarios, with an emphasis on the impact of distance, to see how sound propagation affects drone detection. Learning machines of varying complexity are used for detection, ranging from simpler methods such as linear discriminant, multilayer perceptron, support vector machines, and random forest to more complex approaches based on deep neural networks like YAMNet. Our evaluation meticulously assesses the performance of these methods using a carefully curated database of a wide variety of drones and interference sounds. This database, processed through array signal processing and influenced by ambient noise, provides a realistic basis for our analyses. For this purpose, two different training strategies are explored. In the first approach, the learning machines are trained with unattenuated signals, aiming to preserve the inherent information of the sound sources. Subsequently, testing is then carried out under attenuated conditions at various distances, with interfering sounds. In this scenario, effective detection is achieved up to 200 m, which is particularly notable with the linear discriminant method. The second strategy involves training and testing with attenuated signals to consider different distances from the source. This strategy significantly extends the effective detection ranges, reaching up to 300 m for most methods and up to 500 m for the YAMNet-based detector. Additionally, this approach raises the possibility of having specialized detectors for specific distance ranges, significantly expanding the range of effective drone detection. Our study highlights the potential of drone acoustic detection at different distances and encourages further exploration in this research area. Unique contributions include the discovery that training with attenuated signals with a worse signal-to-noise ratio allows the improvement of the general performance of learning machine-based detectors, increasing the effective detection range achieved, and the feasibility of real-time detection, even with very complex learning machines, opening avenues for practical applications in real-world surveillance scenarios.
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Jiang, Haidong. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Expressway Construction from Weining to Weizhang (Guizhou and Yunnan Boundary), Guizhou Province." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.090306.
Анотація:
In order to evaluate the Guizhou Weining to Weizhang (qian dian) highway engineering construction affects the surrounding environment, according to the nature of the construction project, scale, location, using production technology or pollution prevention and prevention measures for analysis, through the water environment, air environment, sound environment, ecological environment four evaluation factor analysis and evaluation. Through eight working area construction waste water, sewage water quality test analysis, ambient air and sound environment sensitive point 44, and construction along the 200m land, vegetation, wildlife, wood trees four aspects of the ecological environment evaluation, and the compensation method, scoring method and analysis method of the proposed project construction project environmental profit and loss has carried on the qualitative analysis. The analysis results show that the positive benefits of environmental economy generated by the proposed expressway are predominant, so the project is feasible from the perspective of environmental protection.
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OTA, MITSUHIKO, and SAM J. GREEN. "Input frequency and lexical variability in phonological development: a survival analysis of word-initial cluster production." Journal of Child Language 40, no. 3 (March 27, 2012): 539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000074.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTAlthough it has been often hypothesized that children learn to produce new sound patterns first in frequently heard words, the available evidence in support of this claim is inconclusive. To re-examine this question, we conducted a survival analysis of word-initial consonant clusters produced by three children in the Providence Corpus (0 ; 11–4 ; 0). The analysis took account of several lexical factors in addition to lexical input frequency, including the age of first production, production frequency, neighborhood density and number of phonemes. The results showed that lexical input frequency was a significant predictor of the age at which the accuracy level of cluster production in each word first reached 80%. The magnitude of the frequency effect differed across cluster types. Our findings indicate that some of the between-word variance found in the development of sound production can indeed be attributed to the frequency of words in the child's ambient language.
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Iriana, Sidney, Catalin Nicola, and Amritpal Nat. "0935 An Investigation of ICU Ambient Noise Levels as a Potential Source for Poor Sleep Outcomes in a Community Hospital Setting." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A412—A413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0935.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are subject to multiple necessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions throughout the course of their treatment that contribute to sleep deprivation. These measures increase ambient noise, impacting patient morbidity and mortality by exacerbating confusion, ICU-related delirium, recovery time, and long term sequelae associated with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. The World Health Organization suggests critically-ill patients not exceed exposure to sound levels higher than 35-40 decibels (dB). In this study, we measured ICU sound levels in a community hospital setting to support intervention with conservative bundle measures or behavior modification with a visual noise monitoring device. Methods This study took place over two months (October-November, 2021) in the critical care unit of St Agnes Medical Center in Fresno, CA. Ambient noise was monitored using a sound decibel meter (Gain Express Holdings, SLM-25) connected to recording software that measured the decibel levels at 1-minute intervals for 24 hours in three areas: two central stations (Station A and B) and one occupied patient room, equidistant to both central stations. The monitor data was exported to Microsoft Excel (2020 version; Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA) for analysis. Data from each sample was expressed as M±SE (95% confidence interval). Results Both central stations had average levels of 44.1dB± 4.7 and 48.0dB± 4.3, with a frequency range of 40-50 dB greater than 50% of the time. Station A had a frequency range of 50-60 dB approximately 11% of the time and Station B at 30% of the time. The occupied patient room had average levels of 48.0dB± 5.4, with frequency of 40-50 dB greater than 50%, and levels 50-60 dB greater than 30% of the time. Conclusion ICU’s with higher than recommended ambient sound levels may benefit from appropriate intervention such as visual noise monitoring devices or order-sets with protocols on equipment/staff phone volume, earplugs for patients, and limiting staff conversation to distances away from the bedside. Support (if any)
34
Christensen, Jeppe, Klaudia Andersson, and Tobias Neher. "Distinct influence of everyday noise on cardiovascular stress." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 7 (February 1, 2023): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0038.
Анотація:
High-intensity environmental noise is known to be detrimental to cardiovascular health. However, individual differences have not been considered, and reported effects cannot be generalized to noise levels reflecting everyday life. Here, we explore the relationship between daily-life sound exposure and heart rate with longitudinal data from ten individuals across three weeks. We analyze the daily short-term covariation between changes in heart rate and sound intensity using multi-level regression and Granger analysis. We find strong evidence that everyday sound exposure is related to heart rate in all participants. Sound intensity is linearly and positively related to heart rate, while the ambient signal-to-noise ratio has a negative association to heart rate in louder environments. Across participants we establish a distinct temporal pattern of Granger causality with stronger influence of the sound environment on heart rate from 6:00 hrs to 16:00 hrs than for the rest of the afternoon/evening. We propose that sound sensitivity measures represent a combination of the amount of effort asserted to listen under noisy conditions during the active periods of a day and the direct physiological sound-induced stress reaction. A thorough understanding of both factors is necessary to determine the full extent to which everyday noise influence long-term health.
35
Yamada, Tomomi, Kazunori Nozaki, Mikako Hayashi, and Sonoko Kuwano. "Sound Environment during Dental Treatment in Relation to COVID-19 Pandemic." Acoustics 5, no. 4 (October 26, 2023): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics5040056.
Анотація:
This study delves into the acoustic environment within dental clinics, particularly focusing on the impact of extraoral suction devices employed for infection control amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The research encompasses a comprehensive investigation, including a questionnaire survey of dental professionals, sound level measurements at suction device openings, acoustic imaging, and a detailed analysis of sound levels and their spectral characteristics during dental procedures. Additionally, ambient sound levels within clinical settings were monitored over two consecutive days. The findings reveal notable observations. Dental professionals expressed concerns regarding increased sound levels and associated distress caused by extraoral suction device operation. Objective measurements identified varying A-weighted sound pressure levels ranging from 86.0 dB to 96.7 dB at suction device openings, highlighting elevated sound pressure levels and a wide frequency range, especially in the vicinity of both the dentist and the patient’s facial area during dental aerosol procedures. On the other hand, for the entire clinical room, the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level during the consultation hours was not considered problematic. In light of these findings, it becomes evident that there is a pressing necessity to refine the acoustic characteristics of extraoral suction devices to foster a more accommodating acoustic environment for both patients and dental healthcare professionals within dental clinics.
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Wang, Zhi-Tao, Douglas P. Nowacek, Tomonari Akamatsu, Ke-Xiong Wang, Jian-Chang Liu, Guo-Qin Duan, Han-Jiang Cao, and Ding Wang. "Diversity of fish sound types in the Pearl River Estuary, China." PeerJ 5 (October 24, 2017): e3924. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3924.
Анотація:
BackgroundRepetitive species-specific sound enables the identification of the presence and behavior of soniferous species by acoustic means. Passive acoustic monitoring has been widely applied to monitor the spatial and temporal occurrence and behavior of calling species.MethodsUnderwater biological sounds in the Pearl River Estuary, China, were collected using passive acoustic monitoring, with special attention paid to fish sounds. A total of 1,408 suspected fish calls comprising 18,942 pulses were qualitatively analyzed using a customized acoustic analysis routine.ResultsWe identified a diversity of 66 types of fish sounds. In addition to single pulse, the sounds tended to have a pulse train structure. The pulses were characterized by an approximate 8 ms duration, with a peak frequency from 500 to 2,600 Hz and a majority of the energy below 4,000 Hz. The median inter-pulsepeak interval (IPPI) of most call types was 9 or 10 ms. Most call types with median IPPIs of 9 ms and 10 ms were observed at times that were exclusive from each other, suggesting that they might be produced by different species. According to the literature, the two section signal types of 1 + 1 and 1 + N10might belong to big-snout croaker (Johnius macrorhynus), and 1 + N19might be produced by Belanger’s croaker (J. belangerii).DiscussionCategorization of the baseline ambient biological sound is an important first step in mapping the spatial and temporal patterns of soniferous fishes. The next step is the identification of the species producing each sound. The distribution pattern of soniferous fishes will be helpful for the protection and management of local fishery resources and in marine environmental impact assessment. Since the local vulnerable Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) mainly preys on soniferous fishes, the fine-scale distribution pattern of soniferous fishes can aid in the conservation of this species. Additionally, prey and predator relationships can be observed when a database of species-identified sounds is completed.
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La Manna, Gabriella, Marta Picciulin, Alessia Crobu, Francesco Perretti, Fabio Ronchetti, Michele Manghi, Alberto Ruiu, and Giulia Ceccherelli. "Marine soundscape and fish biophony of a Mediterranean marine protected area." PeerJ 9 (December 15, 2021): e12551. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12551.
Анотація:
Background Marine soundscape is the aggregation of sound sources known as geophony, biophony, and anthrophony. The soundscape analysis, in terms of collection and analysis of acoustic signals, has been proposed as a tool to evaluate the specific features of ecological assemblages and to estimate their acoustic variability over space and time. This study aimed to characterise the Capo Caccia-Isola Piana Marine Protected Area (Italy, Western Mediterranean Sea) soundscape over short temporal (few days) and spatial scales (few km) and to quantify the main anthropogenic and biological components, with a focus on fish biophonies. Methods Within the MPA, three sites were chosen each in a different protection zone (A for the integral protection, B as the partial protection, and C as the general protection). In each site, two underwater autonomous acoustic recorders were deployed in July 2020 at a depth of about 10 m on rocky bottoms. To characterise the contribution of both biophonies and anthrophonies, sea ambient noise (SAN) levels were measured as sound pressure level (SPL dB re: 1 μ Pa-rms) at eight 1/3 octave bands, centred from 125 Hz to 16 kHz, and biological and anthropogenic sounds were noted. Fish sounds were classified and counted following a catalogue of known fish sounds from the Mediterranean Sea based on the acoustic characteristic of sound types. A contemporary fish visual census had been carried out at the test sites. Results SPL were different by site, time (day vs. night), and hour. SPLs bands centred at 125, 250, and 500 Hz were significantly higher in the daytime, due to the high number of boats per minute whose noise dominated the soundscapes. The loudest man-made noise was found in the A zone, followed by the B and the C zone, confirming that MPA current regulations do not provide protection from acoustic pollution. The dominant biological components of the MPA soundscape were the impulsive sounds generated by some invertebrates, snapping shrimps and fish. The vast majority of fish sounds were recorded at the MPA site characterized by the highest sound richness, abundance, and Shannon-Wiener index, coherently with the results of a fish visual census. Moreover, the acoustic monitoring detected a sound associated with a cryptic species (Ophidion spp.) never reported in the study area before, further demonstrating the usefulness of passive acoustic monitoring as a complementary technique to species census. This study provides baseline data to detect future changes of the marine soundscapes and some suggestions to reduce the impact of noise on marine biodiversity.
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Scheifele, Peter M., John Greer Clark, Kristine Sonstrom, Huikwan Kim, Gopu Potty, James H. Miller, and Eric Gaglione. "Ballroom Music Spillover into a Beluga Whale Aquarium Exhibit." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2012 (September 6, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/402130.
Анотація:
It is not uncommon for modern aquaria to be built with special entertainment areas. There are no known measurements of sound spillover from such entertainment areas into underwater animal exhibits. Entertainment organizations typically prefer to play music for events at 95 and 100 dBA in a ballroom at Georgia Aquarium. Concern over the potential effects of the music and noise on animals in adjacent exhibits inspired an initial project to monitor and compare sound levels in the adjacent underwater exhibits against the typical in-air sound levels of the ballroom. Measured underwater noise levels were compared to modeled levels based on finite element analysis and plane wave transmission loss calculations through the acrylic viewing window. Results were compared with the model to determine how, if at all, the ambient noise level in the Cold Water Quest exhibit changed as a result of music played in the ballroom.
39
Sheng, Xueli, Mengfei Mu, Yuxiang Zhang, Bingrui Li, and Yinke Dou. "Analysis of under-ice ambient noise characteristics of Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 2060–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0021168.
Анотація:
This paper presents an analysis of the under-ice acoustic data and environmental parameters measured over a three-month period from August 31 to November 28, 2021, within the area of the Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic. After “spikes” caused by micro-level events are removed, the distribution of the retained under-ice noise related to macro-level events can be described satisfactorily by a Gaussian distribution, as verified by Q–Q plots and kurtosis/skewness analysis. We use sliding window analysis to deal with the features of under-ice ambient noise and model the data by Gaussian interpolation. This shows that the ambient noise level over the low-frequency range (10–100 Hz) is comparatively flat at about 60 dB; with the frequency increases from 100 to 2560 Hz, the ANL decreased to about 40 dB. We then introduce canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to analyze the potential relation between environmental forcing and the under-ice noise level. The results of CCA indicate that the seawater parameters (including temperature, salinity, and sound velocity) close to the ice–water interface have the greatest influence on the under-ice noise level among all environmental parameters recorded in the air, sea-ice, and seawater. Additionally, the under-ice noise level forced by the environment does not exhibit any particular frequency dependence.
40
Amron. "NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA WAVES BASED ON ITS HEIGHT, PERIOD AND BREAKING WAVES." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 5, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v5i2.9509.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT
Wave sound is one of the sources of ambient noise in the waters which causes the role of sound as a transmission medium of information and communication becomes disrupted. The characteristics of wave noise can be influenced by their parameters, such as height and period of the waves and breaking waves. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of noise (intensity, frequency, pulse duration and interval duration) of waves based on its height, periods and breaking waves. Data acquisition for sound wave is obtained by hydrophones, visual of wave from CCTV cameras, and wave parameters is determined from ADCP data. Sound characteristics based its height, period and breaking waves were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis. The intensity of noise is affected by all wave parameters, while the pulse duration is significantly influenced by the changes in height and wave period, and the breaking waves velocity. Frequency of noise is only impacted by the breaking wave height. Other noise characteristics, the interval duration is not significantly influenced by all wave parameters.
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Liu, Shu, Qi Li, Dajing Shang, Rui Tang, and Qingming Zhang. "Measurement of Underwater Acoustic Energy Radiated by Single Raindrops." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082687.
Анотація:
Underwater noise produced by rainfall is an important component of underwater ambient noise. For example, the existence of rainfall noise causes strong disturbances to sonar performance. The underwater noise produced by a single raindrop is the basis of rainfall noise. Therefore, it is necessary to study the associated underwater noise when drops strike the water surface. Previous research focused primarily on the sound pressure and frequency spectrum of underwater noise from single raindrops, but the study on its sound energy is insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for predicting the acoustic energy generated by raindrops of any diameter. Here, a formula was derived to calculate the underwater sound energy radiated by single raindrops based on a dipole radiation pattern. A series of experiments were conducted to measure the underwater sound energy in a 15 m × 9 m × 6 m reverberation tank filled with tap water. The analysis of the acoustic energy characteristics and conversion efficiency from kinetic to acoustic energy helped develop the model to predict the average underwater sound energy radiated by single raindrops. Using this model, the total underwater sound energy of all raindrops during a rainfall event can be predicted based on the drop size distribution.
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Skalicky, David, Vaclav Koucky, Daniel Hadraba, Martin Viteznik, Martin Dub, and Frantisek Lopot. "Detection of Respiratory Phases in a Breath Sound and Their Subsequent Utilization in a Diagnosis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146535.
Анотація:
Detection of lung sounds and their propagation is a powerful tool for analysing the behaviour of the respiratory system. A common approach to detect the respiratory sounds is lung auscultation, however, this method has significant limitations including low sensitivity of human ear or ambient background noise. This article targets the major limitations of lung auscultation and presents a new approach to analyse the respiratory sounds and visualise them together with the respiratory phases. The respiratory sounds from 41 patients were recorded and filtered to eliminate the ambient noise and noise artefacts. The filtered signal is processed to identify the respiratory phases. The article also contains an approach for removing the noise that is very difficult to filter but the removal is crucial for identifying the respiratory phases. Finally, the respiratory phases are overlaid with the frequency spectrum which simplifies the orientation in the recording and additionally offers the information on the inter-individual ratio of the inhalation and exhalation phases. Such interpretation provides a powerful tool for further analysis of lung sounds, simplifythe diagnosis of various types of respiratory tract dysfunctions, and returns data which are comparable among the patients.
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Hong, Joonki, Hai Tran, Jinhwan Jeong, Hyeryung Jang, In-Young Yoon, Jung Kyung Hong, and Jeong-Whun Kim. "0348 Sleep Staging Using End-to-End Deep Learning Model Based on Nocturnal Sound for Smartphones." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A156—A157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.345.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction Convenient sleep tracking with mobile devices such as smartphones is desirable for people who want to easily objectify their sleep. The objective of this study was to introduce a deep learning model for sound-based sleep staging using audio data recorded with smartphones during sleep. Methods Two different audio datasets were used. One (N = 1,154) was extracted from polysomnography (PSG) data and the other (N = 327) was recorded using a smartphone during PSG from independent subjects. The performance of sound-based sleep staging would always depend on the quality of the audio. In practical conditions (non-contact and smartphone microphones), breathing and body movement sounds during night are so weak that the energy of such signals is sometimes smaller than that of ambient noise. The audio was converted into Mel spectrogram to detect latent temporal frequency patterns of breathing and body movement sound from ambient noise. The proposed neural network model consisted of two sub-models. The first sub-model extracted features from each 30-second epoch Mel spectrogram and the second one classified sleep stages through inter-epoch analysis of extracted features. Results Our model achieved 70 % epoch-by-epoch agreement for 4-class (wake, light, deep, rapid eye movement) stage classification and robust performance across various signal-to-noise conditions. More precisely, the model was correct in 77% of wake, 73% of light, 46% of deep, and 66% of REM. The model performance was not considerably affected by existence of sleep apnea but degradation observed with severe periodic limb movement. External validation with smartphone dataset also showed 68 % epoch-by-epoch agreement. Compared with some commercially available sleep trackers such as Fitbit Alta HR (0.6325 in mean per-class sensitivity) and SleepScore Max (0.565 in mean per-class sensitivity), our model showed superior performance in both PSG audio (0.655 in mean per-class sensitivity) and smartphone audio (0.6525 in mean per-class sensitivity). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end (Mel spectrogram-based feature extraction)-to-end (sleep staging) deep learning model that can work with audio data in practical conditions. Our proposed deep learning model of sound-based sleep staging has potential to be integrated in smartphone application for reliable at-home sleep tracking. Support (If Any)
44
Sun, Linlin, Ziquan Yan, Junheng Xiao, Hangwei Fang, and Shukun Cui. "Experimental analysis of the modal characteristics of rail fastening clips." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719834784.
Анотація:
It is usually difficult to obtain the modal characteristics of the rail fastening clip analytically owing to its complex spatial structure and operating environments. Therefore, experimental modal testing is frequently adopted to identify the modal characteristics of rail fastening clips. This study takes the SKL 15 clip of the Vossloh 300-1 fastening system as the research object to analyse the following three aspects in great detail: (1) Locations of the measurement points are reasonably designed to capture all modes of the clip in the frequency range 0–1000 Hz. (2) The appropriate sensors are selected for the clip in different operating situations by comparing the measured results of three kinds of sensors, namely the accelerometer, laser vibrometer and sound pressure sensor. In addition, the test results suggest that the accelerometer which has a strong anti-disturbance ability in an ambient environment is recommended to be chosen in a noisy environment while the laser vibrometer and sound pressure sensor which have no added mass to the tested structures may be used in an indoor environment with suitable temperature and low noise. (3) In order to eliminate the effect of the additional mass on the modal characteristics of the clip, the accelerometer is recommended to be installed at the rear end of the side leg of the clips in the experimental modal test.
45
Wang, Rongxin, Xiaomei Xu, Zheguang Zou, Longfei Huang, and Yi Tao. "Dominant Frequency Extraction for Operational Underwater Sound of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Adaptive Stochastic Resonance." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101517.
Анотація:
Underwater sound generated by the rapidly increasing offshore wind farms worldwide greatly affects the underwater soundscape and may cause long-term cumulative effects on sound-sensitive marine organisms. However, its analysis and impact assessment are heavily interfered with by underwater ambient noise. In this study, an adaptive stochastic resonance method is proposed to extract the dominant frequency of wind turbine operational sound when heavy noise is present. In particular, a time–frequency–amplitude fusion index was proposed to guide the parameter tuning of an adaptive stochastic resonance system, and an equilibrium optimizer based on the physical dynamic source–sink principle was adopted to optimize the parameter-tuning process. The results from the simulation and field data showed that the dominant frequency of operational sound was extracted adaptively. For field data with wind speeds of 4.13–6.15 m/s (at 90 m hub height), the extracted dominant frequency varied with wind speed between 90 and 107 Hz, and it was highly correlated with the wind turbine rotor speed monitored synchronously in the air, with a correlation coefficient of 0.985. Compared to other existing methods, our method has a higher output signal-to-noise ratio and a shorter running time.
46
Powers, J. M., D. S. Stewart, and Herman Krier. "Analysis of Steady Compaction Waves in Porous Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176038.
Анотація:
A two-phase continuum mixture model is used to analyze steady compaction waves in porous materials. It is shown that such a model admits both subsonic and supersonic steady compaction waves in response to a piston-driven boundary condition when a Tait equation is used to describe a solid matrix material and a generic static compaction relation is used to describe collapse of the matrix. Parameters for the Tait equation are chosen to match shock and compaction wave data. The model is able to predict compaction wave speed, final pressure, and final volume fraction in porous HMX. The structure of the compaction wave is also studied. A shock preceding the compaction wave structure is predicted for compaction waves travelling faster than the ambient sound speed of the solid. For subsonic compaction waves no leading shock is predicted. The compaction zone length is studied as a function of initial volume fraction, piston velocity, and compaction viscosity.
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Jun, Won-Ho, Hyung-Ju Kim, and Youn-Sik Hong. "Sleep Pattern Analysis in Unconstrained and Unconscious State." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 9296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239296.
Анотація:
Sleep accounts for one-third of an individual’s life and is a measure of health. Both sleep time and quality are essential, and a person requires sound sleep to stay healthy. Generally, sleep patterns are influenced by genetic factors and differ among people. Therefore, analyzing whether individual sleep patterns guarantee sufficient sleep is necessary. Here, we aimed to acquire information regarding the sleep status of individuals in an unconstrained and unconscious state to consequently classify the sleep state. Accordingly, we collected data associated with the sleep status of individuals, such as frequency of tosses and turns, snoring, and body temperature, as well as environmental data, such as room temperature, humidity, illuminance, carbon dioxide concentration, and ambient noise. The sleep state was classified into two stages: nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep, rather than the general four stages. Furthermore, to verify the validity of the sleep state classifications, we compared them with heart rate.
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Swathi, Vuppala, and Sandeep Chitreddy. "Polynomial Curve Fitting-based Early Room Reflection Analysis using B-Format Room Impulse Response Measurements for Ambient Sound Reproduction." International Journal of Performability Engineering 17, no. 3 (2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.21.03.p6.307313.
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Wang, Haibo, Ming Cai, Shuqi Zhong, and Feng Li. "Sound field study of a building near a roadway via the boundary element method." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348417725955.
Анотація:
A two-dimensional boundary element method with a constant element type was adopted to study the sound field of a building near a roadway. First, a factor analysis of the computed results has been done, which include the element length, the Hankel functions’ calculation accuracy, and numerical integration accuracy. Then, boundary element method is applied to calculate building attenuation with different building aspect ratios and different frequencies with balconies, followed by drawing of the sound field distribution diagram. The calculation results revealed the following: (1) a wider building results in a more severe sound attenuation; (2) balconies on different floors produce a reduction of approximately 15 dB for broadband spectral characteristics of A-weight road traffic noise, and the maximum values appear at the bottoms of balconies; (3) for the points in the balconies, higher sound frequencies are correlated to larger insertion loss, with the insertion loss increasing from 3 dB to >10 dB when the sound frequency increases from 20 to 4000 Hz; (4) calculations of three typical frequencies indicate that the insertion loss of 500 Hz (main frequency of heavy vehicles) is 6 dB less than that of 800 Hz (main frequency of light vehicles), i.e. the flow control of heavy vehicles could conspicuously improve the ambient acoustic environment of buildings near a roadway.
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Zhang, Wei, Jin Fang Cheng, and Jie Xu. "Suppression of Single Vector Hydrophone Coherent-Noise Based on the Cross-SCF." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.948.
Анотація:
At present the cross-correlation processing can only suppress the isotropic noise by vector hydrophone sound pressure and vibration velocity combined. The coherent composition of the actual ambient noise makes the detection ability of cross-correlation spectrum reduced. Use XWVD theory, proposed a cross symmetry-correlation function (Cross-SCF). Analysis of simulation data under different SNR and Different nature noise combination proving that the noise suppression Performance of suggested Cross-SCF has nothing to do with noise properties, and compared with the cross-correlation processing have indeed better than coherent noise suppression ability.