Статті в журналах: "Ambient air processing"

1

Mativenga, Mallory, Jeoungmin Ji, Nhu Thi to Hoang, and Farjana Haque. "Ambient Air Stability of Hybrid Perovskite Thin‐Film Transistors by Ambient Air Processing." Advanced Materials Interfaces 7, no. 6 (January 22, 2020): 1901777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901777.

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2

Špirić, Zdravko, and Nikolai R. Mashyanov. "Mercury measurements in ambient air near natural gas processing facilities." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 366, no. 5 (March 2, 2000): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050087.

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3

Jin, Zujin, Gang Cheng, Shichang Xu, and Wei Gu. "Dynamic Disturbance and Error Analysis of Flexible Support System for Large Optical Mirror Processing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062715.

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To improve the accuracy of a flexible support system (FSS) used for optical mirror processing, the influence of air content in the working medium and ambient temperature change on the FSS is analyzed and studied. First, the disturbance model of the FSS and single support cylinder affected by different air contents in the working medium and ambient temperature is established, and the mapping relationship between the influencing factors and the affected factors is analyzed. Then, the effects of ambient temperature change on volume, support height, and support pressure for different air contents are simulated and analyzed separately. The results of the simulation obtained show that when the working medium is mixed with different volume fractions of air and the ambient temperature changes, upper and lower chamber volumes, support rigidity, and support height of the support cylinder are also changed. Finally, an experimental study of pressure changes in the upper and lower chambers, support height, and support rigidity changes at different ambient temperatures and air contents are carried out. By measuring the support height, support pressure, and support rigidity error, the effectiveness of the established mathematical disturbance model of FSS is further verified. It not only provides a theoretical basis for improving the support accuracy of the FSS but also provides a foundation for the application of the FSS in the processing stage of large optical mirrors.

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4

Ahmed, Muhammad Imran, Hammad Tanveer Butt, Zakir Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmed Shahid, and Amir Habib. "Effects of ambient air processing on morphology and photoconductivity of CH3NH3PbI3." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 27, no. 11 (July 15, 2016): 12028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5351-2.

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5

Richards, John, and Todd Brozell. "Compilation and Evaluation of Ambient Respirable Crystalline Silica Air Quality Data near Sand Quarries and Processing Facilities." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070903.

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Ambient respirable crystalline silica air quality is of concern to many communities near mineral processing facilities and to regulatory agencies serving these communities. Accurate air quality data are needed to compare measured respirable crystalline silica concentrations at the fencelines of mineral processing facilities with the published health effect guideline published by the California Office of Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). This article is a compilation and evaluation of air quality studies around a diverse set of nineteen sand producing facilities. The respirable crystalline silica air quality data compiled by Air Control Techniques, P.C. and most of the data compiled by other researchers cited in this article have been measured using EPA Reference Method samplers adjusted for respirable crystalline silica sampling and NIOSH Method 7500 X-ray diffraction analyses. The authors conclude that (1) the ambient concentrations in the diverse set of mineral processing facilities were consistently lower than the 3.0 microgram per cubic meter chronic reference exposure level (REL) adopted by OEHHA, (2) upwind-to-downwind fenceline concentration differences were small, and (3) the fenceline t concentrations were often at background concentration levels. The authors recommend additional sampling studies to better characterize background concentrations of ambient respirable crystalline silica.

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6

Zemlyanova, M. A., A. N. Perezhogin, and Yu V. Koldibekova. "Trends detected in children’s health and their relation with basic aerogenic risk factors under exposure to specific ambient air contamination caused by metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.05.

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Industrial objects including metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises that emit hazardous chemicals into ambient air are often located within or close to residential areas; it results in poorer ambient air quality and health disorders caused by it, first of all, among children. Our research objects were chemicals contents in ambient air in a residential area exposed to emissions from metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises (the test territory) and in an area where there were no such productions (the reference territory), and primary morbidity among children in both of them. We determined priority chemical risk factors basing on hygienic assessment of ambient air quality and calculation of risks that non-carcinogenic effects would occur in organs and systems of children who lived in a zone exposed to the given industrial objects. These factors included aluminum oxide, particulate matter, phenol, and gaseous fluorides and their contents were up to 5.0 times higher than permissible levels. We detected negative trends in primary morbidity among children and established authentic models showing dependence between a probable growth in morbidity as per respiratory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, gastric diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and diseases of the urogenital system and total doses of chemicals under aerogenic exposure. All the above mentioned indicates that poor ambient air quality in a residential area can make for a growth in related morbidity as per the given nosologies. Established and parameterized cause-and-effect relations allow predicting negative responses in critical organs and systems (as per the given nosologies) of exposed children. It provides scientific substantiation for developing relevant prevention activities aimed at reducing and preventing negative consequences for health of children living in regions where large metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises are located

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7

Zemlyanova, M. A., A. N. Perezhogin, and Yu V. Koldibekova. "Trends detected in children’s health and their relation with basic aerogenic risk factors under exposure to specific ambient air contamination caused by metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.05.eng.

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Industrial objects including metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises that emit hazardous chemicals into ambient air are often located within or close to residential areas; it results in poorer ambient air quality and health disorders caused by it, first of all, among children. Our research objects were chemicals contents in ambient air in a residential area exposed to emissions from metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises (the test territory) and in an area where there were no such productions (the reference territory), and primary morbidity among children in both of them. We determined priority chemical risk factors basing on hygienic assessment of ambient air quality and calculation of risks that non-carcinogenic effects would occur in organs and systems of children who lived in a zone exposed to the given industrial objects. These factors included aluminum oxide, particulate matter, phenol, and gaseous fluorides and their contents were up to 5.0 times higher than permissible levels. We detected negative trends in primary morbidity among children and established authentic models showing dependence between a probable growth in morbidity as per respiratory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, gastric diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and diseases of the urogenital system and total doses of chemicals under aerogenic exposure. All the above mentioned indicates that poor ambient air quality in a residential area can make for a growth in related morbidity as per the given nosologies. Established and parameterized cause-and-effect relations allow predicting negative responses in critical organs and systems (as per the given nosologies) of exposed children. It provides scientific substantiation for developing relevant prevention activities aimed at reducing and preventing negative consequences for health of children living in regions where large metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises are located

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8

Zemlyanova, M. A., A. N. Perezhogin, and Yu V. Koldibekova. "Trends detected in children’s health and their relation with basic aerogenic risk factors under exposure to specific ambient air contamination caused by metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.05.eng.

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Анотація:

Industrial objects including metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises that emit hazardous chemicals into ambient air are often located within or close to residential areas; it results in poorer ambient air quality and health disorders caused by it, first of all, among children. Our research objects were chemicals contents in ambient air in a residential area exposed to emissions from metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises (the test territory) and in an area where there were no such productions (the reference territory), and primary morbidity among children in both of them. We determined priority chemical risk factors basing on hygienic assessment of ambient air quality and calculation of risks that non-carcinogenic effects would occur in organs and systems of children who lived in a zone exposed to the given industrial objects. These factors included aluminum oxide, particulate matter, phenol, and gaseous fluorides and their contents were up to 5.0 times higher than permissible levels. We detected negative trends in primary morbidity among children and established authentic models showing dependence between a probable growth in morbidity as per respiratory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, gastric diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and diseases of the urogenital system and total doses of chemicals under aerogenic exposure. All the above mentioned indicates that poor ambient air quality in a residential area can make for a growth in related morbidity as per the given nosologies. Established and parameterized cause-and-effect relations allow predicting negative responses in critical organs and systems (as per the given nosologies) of exposed children. It provides scientific substantiation for developing relevant prevention activities aimed at reducing and preventing negative consequences for health of children living in regions where large metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises are located

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9

Capitano, Maegan L., Scott Cooper, Bin Guo, Xinxin Huang, Carol Sampson, Safa Mohamad, Edward F. Srour, Christie M. Orschell, and Hal E. Broxmeyer. "Collection and Processing of Bone Marrow at 3% Oxygen Significantly Alters the Manifestation of Aged Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cell Phenotype." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128642.

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Aging is an inevitable process associated with eventual deterioration of normal physiological functions. Aged hematopoiesis is associated with increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), but with decreased HSC functional activity (e.g. decreased engrafting capability in lethally irradiated mice and a shift in the myeloid:lymphoid bias of the engrafting HSC of the old mice, such that there are more myeloid but fewer lymphoid cells generated from HSC of the old mice). Production of HSC and progenitor (HPC) cells ex vivo is more efficient when cells are cultured in a hypoxic environment of ~ 5% oxygen tension than when cells are grown at ambient air (~21% oxygen). The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment niche that nurtures the survival and production of HSC and HPC and hematopoiesis during adult life is a hypoxic environment (~1-5% oxygen tension) compared to that of ambient air. However, almost all results of studies of young and aged mouse hematopoiesis have been based on numbers and activity of HSC and HPC that have been collected and processed in ambient air. Our recent work evaluating hematopoiesis in BM cells of young adult mice and with human cord blood cells found, through a phenomenon we designated Extra Physiological Oxygen Shock/Stress (EPHOSS), that there is a large loss of HSC with an increase of HPC within minutes of the collection of these cells in ambient air (Mantel et al., Cell, 2015). This led us to reason that perhaps what we know about aging hematopoiesis might not be entirely accurate and that a re-evaluation of aged HSC, HPC, and hematopoiesis was in order. We hypothesized that hematopoiesis in aged (~20-27 months of age) mice may not be as dysregulated as reported but that collection and processing of BM from the aged mice is more sensitive than similar cells from young (~6-16 weeks) mice to EPHOSS-induced events generated by the collection of the cells in ambient air. We evaluated BM from three different mouse strains (CB6, BALB/c, and C57Bl/6) at 20-25 months vs. 6-16 weeks of age, collected/processed in ambient air or hypoxia (3% oxygen). BM from old mice collected/processed under hypoxic conditions exhibited phenotypically increased long-term HSC and common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) numbers and decreased common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) numbers when compared to old BM collected/processed under ambient air conditions. BM collected from old C57Bl/6 mice under hypoxia had increased engrafting capability more closely matching that of young BM. This was associated with a 3.14-fold increase in the number of competitive repopulating units (representative of functional HSC) in old BM collected under hypoxic conditions compared to old BM collected in ambient air as determined through limiting dilution analysis. The myeloid:lymphoid ratio of old BM collected under hypoxia matched that of young BM collected under air. This was associated with decreased cycling of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM in old BM collected/processed in hypoxia. Enhanced numbers/function of old BM HSCs collected in hypoxia is associated with changes in expression of CXCR4 (and HSC homing capability), CCR5, stress protein levels (e.g. HSP40 etc) and ROS (both total and mitochondrial). All of these noted changes demonstrated that the old BM collected/processed under hypoxic conditions more closely resemble functionally young BM. Thus, age-related differences between the HSC/HPC populations are not as drastic as previously reported and reflect the increased sensitivity of hematopoiesis from aged mice to an artificial ambient air collection procedure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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10

Ahmed, Mehreen, Rafia Mumtaz, Syed Mohammad Hassan Zaidi, Maryam Hafeez, Syed Ali Raza Zaidi, and Muneer Ahmad. "Distributed Fog Computing for Internet of Things (IoT) Based Ambient Data Processing and Analysis." Electronics 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111756.

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Urban centers across the globe are under immense environmental distress due to an increase in air pollution, industrialization, and elevated living standards. The unmanageable and mushroom growth of industries and an exponential soar in population has made the ascent of air pollution intractable. To this end, the solutions that are based on the latest technologies, such as the Internet of things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are becoming increasingly popular and they have capabilities to monitor the extent and scale of air contaminants and would be subsequently useful for containing them. With centralized cloud-based IoT platforms, the ubiquitous and continuous monitoring of air quality and data processing can be facilitated for the identification of air pollution hot spots. However, owing to the inherent characteristics of cloud, such as large end-to-end delay and bandwidth constraint, handling the high velocity and large volume of data that are generated by distributed IoT sensors would not be feasible in the longer run. To address these issues, fog computing is a powerful paradigm, where the data are processed and filtered near the end of the IoT nodes and it is useful for improving the quality of service (QoS) of IoT network. To further improve the QoS, a conceptual model of distributed fog computing and a machine learning based data processing and analysis model is proposed for the optimal utilization of cloud resources. The proposed model provides a classification accuracy of 99% while using a Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier. This model is also simulated in iFogSim toolkit. It affords many advantages, such as reduced load on the central server by locally processing the data and reporting the quality of air. Additionally, it would offer the scalability of the system by integrating more air quality monitoring nodes in the IoT network.

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11

Ji, Shi Ming, L. B. Zhang, Li Zhang, X. J. Jia, Qiao Ling Yuan, Ju Long Yuan, J. X. Shi, and Ya Liang Wang. "Research on Field-Induced Oxidation Processing Technology by Contact-Mode AFM in Ambient Air." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.254.

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The mechanism responsible for scanning probe field-induced oxidation in ambient air is attributed to an electrochemical process, i.e., anodic oxidation or anodization,after the analyses is given of a surface of a sample exposed to air. The effects of biases, tip speeds on morphology of field-induced oxidation, are introduced and deduced in the form of kinetics formula of oxidation growth. The field-induced oxidation of hydrogen-passivated Si (Si:H)using contact-mode AFM in air at room temperature is investigated. The result achieved from the experiment and that drawn from theoretical analysis are identical, which indicates the accuracy of the experimental operation.This experiment suggested that it may be used for further investigation of field-induced oxidation technology.

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12

Seetharaman S, Madhu, Puvvala Nagarjuna, P. Naresh Kumar, Surya Prakash Singh, Melepurath Deepa, and Manoj A. G. Namboothiry. "Efficient organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells processed in air." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 45 (2014): 24691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03726j.

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Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells based on CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_xand undoped poly(3-hexyl thiophene) as the hole transporting layers fabricated under ambient air conditions by solution processing.

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13

Shen, Yanjie, He Meng, Xiaohong Yao, Zhongren Peng, Yele Sun, Jie Zhang, Yang Gao, Limin Feng, Xiaohuan Liu, and Huiwang Gao. "Does Ambient Secondary Conversion or the Prolonged Fast Conversion in Combustion Plumes Cause Severe PM2.5 Air Pollution in China?" Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050673.

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The ambient formation of secondary particulate matter (ambient FSPM) is commonly recognized as the major cause of severe PM2.5 air pollution in China. We present observational evidence showing that the ambient FSPM was too weak to yield a detectable contribution to extreme PM2.5 pollution events that swept northern China between 11 and 14 January 2019. Although the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (v5.2) reasonably reproduced the observations in January 2019, it largely underestimated the concentrations of the PM2.5 during the episode. We propose a novel mechanism, called the “in-fresh-stack-plume non-precipitation-cloud processing of aerosols” followed by the evaporation of semi-volatile components from the aerosols, to generate PM2.5 at extremely high concentrations because of highly concentrated gaseous precursors and large amounts of water droplets in fresh cooling combustion plumes under poor dispersion conditions, low ambient temperature, and high relative humidity. The recorded non-precipitation-cloud processing of the aerosols in fresh stack combustion plumes normally lasts 20–30 s, but it prolongs as long as 2–5 min under cold, humid, and stagnant meteorological conditions and expectedly causes severe PM2.5 pollution events. Regardless of the presence of the natural cloud in the planetary boundary layer during the extreme events, the fast conversion of air pollutants in water droplets and the generation of the PM2.5 through the non-precipitation-cloud processing of aerosols always occur in fresh combustion plumes. The processing of aerosols is detectable using a nano-scan particle sizer assembled on an unmanned aerial vehicle to monitor the particle formation in stack plumes. In-fresh-stack-plume processed aerosols under varying meteorological conditions need to be studied urgently.

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14

Ervens, Barbara, Armin Sorooshian, Abdulmonam M. Aldhaif, Taylor Shingler, Ewan Crosbie, Luke Ziemba, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, and Armin Wisthaler. "Is there an aerosol signature of chemical cloud processing?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 21 (November 8, 2018): 16099–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16099-2018.

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Abstract. The formation of sulfate and secondary organic aerosol mass in the aqueous phase (aqSOA) of cloud and fog droplets can significantly contribute to ambient aerosol mass. While tracer compounds give evidence that aqueous-phase processing occurred, they do not reveal the extent to which particle properties have been modified in terms of mass, chemical composition, hygroscopicity, and oxidation state. We analyze data from several field experiments and model studies for six air mass types (urban, biogenic, marine, wild fire biomass burning, agricultural biomass burning, and background air) using aerosol size and composition measurements for particles 13–850 nm in diameter. We focus on the trends of changes in mass, hygroscopicity parameter κ, and oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C) ratio due to chemical cloud processing. We find that the modification of these parameters upon cloud processing is most evident in urban, marine, and biogenic air masses, i.e., air masses that are more polluted than very clean air (background air) but cleaner than heavily polluted plumes as encountered during biomass burning. Based on these trends, we suggest that the mass ratio (Rtot) of the potential aerosol sulfate and aqSOA mass to the initial aerosol mass can be used to predict whether chemical cloud processing will be detectable. Scenarios in which this ratio exceeds Rtot∼0.5 are the most likely ones in which clouds can significantly change aerosol parameters. It should be noted that the absolute value of Rtot depends on the considered size range of particles. Rtot is dominated by the addition of sulfate (Rsulf) in all scenarios due to the more efficient conversion of SO2 to sulfate compared to aqSOA formation from organic gases. As the formation processes of aqSOA are still poorly understood, the estimate of RaqSOA is likely associated with large uncertainties. Comparison to Rtot values as calculated for ambient data at different locations validates the applicability of the concept to predict a chemical cloud-processing signature in selected air masses.

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15

Asuo, Ivy M., Dawit Gedamu, Nutifafa Y. Doumon, Ibrahima Ka, Alain Pignolet, Sylvain G. Cloutier, and Riad Nechache. "Correction: Ambient condition-processing strategy for improved air-stability and efficiency in mixed-cation perovskite solar cells." Materials Advances 1, no. 6 (2020): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma90027c.

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Correction for ‘Ambient condition-processing strategy for improved air-stability and efficiency in mixed-cation perovskite solar cells’ by Ivy M. Asuo et al., Mater. Adv., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0ma00528b.

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16

Fitriyah, Lailatul. "The Relationship Between Dust Quality and Home Ventilation with the Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) in The Ex-place of Final Processing (TPA) Keputih." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 8, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v8i2.2016.137-147.

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Abstract: Upper Respiratory Track Infections (URI) is a kind of respiratory disease which is closely related to the quality of housing and the quality of ambient air. Ventilation is one component of a residential environmental health assessment. The dust may cause dryness of mucous in the respiratory tract so that a person may suffer or feel the symptoms of respiratory infection. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between ambient air dust and ventilation in the former place of fi nal processing (TPA) Keputih with URI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection). This research is a cross sectional analytical and observational. The sample in this study is the ambient air concentration of dust particles and housewives from 77 families in RW VIII Keputih Area. To determine the relationship of ambient air dust and ventilation with respiratorydisease using Chi Square test. The results showed that respondents who had experienced respiratory infection as much as 89,6%. Levels of dust particles measured at the point I exceeded the quality standard that is equal to 0,3223 mg/Nm3. Home ventilation that do not appropiate the requirements of a healthy home is at 93.5%.There’s a relationship between the use of home ventilation with URI (p = 0.000) and the levels of ambient air dust particles with URI (p = 0.003). This study concludes that the two variables associated with the incidence of respiratory infection so the need for community empowerment and proactive attitude of the various instruments of government in the area of research on the prevention of URI and the presence of a good control of the quality of environmental health VIII RW Keputih Area.Keywords: dust quality, home ventilation, the ex-place of fi nal processing, URI

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17

Filip, Gabriela Maria, and Valeria Mirela Brezoczki. "INFLUENCE OF LIMESTONE PARTICULATE MATTER ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 31, no. 2 (2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2017.2.08.

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Limestone as a mineral substance does not pose a danger to the environment, contrary sometimes it has a beneficial effect, but limestone dusts as a particulate matter in ambient air can affect the environment and human health depending on particle size and granulometry and their concentration. Softer limestone tended to produce a cloud of dust that some feared might contribute to respiratory problems and may affected the environment to some extent depending on the PM quantity dispersed in ambient air. The main source of lime pollution is the limestone exploitation in the quarry and its subsequent processing by crushing and sorting. In this regard, the present paper presents several determinations regarding the limestone environment scale pollution from limestone processing after its quarry exploitation in the Bucium limestone quarry.

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18

An, Kang, Wenkai Zhong, Lei Ying, Peng Zhu, Baobing Fan, Zhenye Li, Ning Li, Fei Huang, and Yong Cao. "Optimization of processing solvent and film morphology to achieve efficient non-fullerene polymer solar cells processed in air." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 1 (2020): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05358a.

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19

El-Feky, A. A., W. El-Azab, M. A. Ebiad, Mohamed B. Masod, and S. Faramawy. "Monitoring of elemental mercury in ambient air around an Egyptian natural gas processing plant." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 54 (June 2018): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.01.019.

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20

Primus, Tomáš, Pavel Zeman, Jan Brajer, Pavel Kožmín, and Šimon Syrovátka. "An Experimental Investigation of Controlled Changes in Wettability of Laser-Treated Surfaces after Various Post Treatment Methods." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092228.

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In this paper, a quick nanosecond laser micro structuring process was employed to change the surface wettability of Ti6Al4V alloy. The same laser structuring method was used throughout, but with varying input fluence. The laser processing parameters resulted in high surface melting. After laser treatment, four post-processing methods were used, namely high vacuum, low temperature annealing, storage in a polyethylene bag, and storage in ambient air. Subsequently, the water droplet contact angle was measured over a long time period of 55 days. The results show that the sample stored in ambient air remained hydrophilic. On the other hand, the sample post-processed in a vacuum chamber behaved hydrophobically with a contact angle of approximately 150°. Other post-processing did not lead to specific wettability behavior. After wettability testing, all samples were cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water. This cleaning process led to annulation of all obtained properties through post-processing. In summary, this paper shows that it is more important to study surface chemistry than topography in terms of effects on wettability. Moreover, surface wettability can be controlled by laser structuring, post-processing, and surface cleaning.

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21

Sihayuardhi, E. R., W. Brontowiyono, F. B. Maziya, and L. Hakim. "The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ambient Air Quality in Yogyakarta Urban Area Parameters SO₂, CO and, NO₂ with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 933, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/933/1/012013.

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Abstract In early March 2020, a pandemic disrupted human activities, especially in the Yogyakarta Urban Area. The area is experiencing development or becoming a tourist center in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. With these developments, this study would carry out data processing related to air quality, remove it comparing the concentration of SO2, CO, and NO2 parameters before the pandemic in 2019 and after the pandemic in 2020. The results of this study are that the ambient air quality in urban areas Yogyakarta tends to experience a decline and the monitoring locations are located around industries and major road junctions. So, the mapping of ambient air quality itself can facilitate visualization research.

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22

Tetzner, Kornelius, Yen-Hung Lin, Anna Regoutz, Akmaral Seitkhan, David J. Payne, and Thomas D. Anthopoulos. "Sub-second photonic processing of solution-deposited single layer and heterojunction metal oxide thin-film transistors using a high-power xenon flash lamp." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 45 (2017): 11724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc03721j.

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We report the rapid fabrication of high performance solution-processed In₂O₃ and heterojunction In₂O₃/ZnO based transistors via photonic processing in ambient air.

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23

Pandey, Bishwajeet, Tanesh Kumar, Teerath Das, S. M. M. Islam, and Jagdish Kumar. "Thermal Mechanics Based Energy Efficient FIR Filter for Digital Signal Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 612 (August 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.612.65.

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Thermal mechanism cover the mechanics of Hit Sink, Airflow mechanics, and Ambient Temperature Mechanism to reduce junction temperature in design of Finite Duration Impulse Response (FIR) Filter. In this work, we are implementing FIR Filter on 28nm FPGA. After implementation of FIR Filter, we analyze the effect of in-built mechanism of Air Flow Controller and their produced Airflow on the junction temperature of FPGA. The mechanism of Ambient Temperature controller also play significant role in leakage power dissipation as well as junction temperature of FPGA. Finally, the mechanical structure of Hit Sink is considered for control of junction temperature of FPGA. There is 73.38% reduction in Leakage Power on 55 C ambient temperature when we increase airflow from 250 LFM to 500 LFM. Along with 500 LFM airflow, if we provide high profile hit sink then there is 78.31% reduction in leakage power. There is 37.68% reduction in junction temperature of FPGA when we increase airflow from 250LFM to 500LFM. Along with 500 LFM airflow, if we provide high profile hit sink then there is 41.76 % reduction in junction temperature on 45C ambient temperature. There is no effect of airflow on clock power. Whereas there is significant reduction in Logic Power, Signal Power, DSPs Power and IOs Power with change in Airflow.

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Asuo, Ivy M., Dawit Gedamu, Nutifafa Y. Doumon, Ibrahima Ka, Alain Pignolet, Sylvain G. Cloutier, and Riad Nechache. "Ambient condition-processing strategy for improved air-stability and efficiency in mixed-cation perovskite solar cells." Materials Advances 1, no. 6 (2020): 1866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00528b.

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Анотація:

Fabrication of efficient halide perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions and their stability remain a challenge due to the sensitivity of halide perovskites to moisture, oxygen, light, and temperature.

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25

Garimella, Sitaram, and Ravin N. Deo. "Characterization of aerosols generated in a steel processing factory." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 25, no. 1 (2007): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp07014.

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The levels of total suspended particulates (TSP) within the complex of a steel factory (Fletcher Pacific Steel Fiji) have been investigated through high volume air sampling. The levels of TSP inside and outside (in the ambient environment) the factory has been found to be in the range of 121-339 and 33-80 μg m-3 respectively. The levels inside the factory exceed the WHO guideline by a factor of 2-4. The management of the factory was very proactive to determine the air quality for records and to safeguard the health and safety of all the employees, contractors, and visitors. At the request of the factory, the exposed filters were analysed by neutron activation and gamma-ray spectroscopy techniques and the results are presented.

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26

Gergeľová, Marcela, Žofia Kuzevičová, and Štefan Kuzevič. "The Evaluation of Selected Air Pollutants in Košice for the Period 2008-2010 / Analýza Znečisťujúcich Látok Vo Vybraných Monitorovacích Staniciach Mesta Košice Za Obdobie 2008 - 2010." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0003.

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Abstract In general, air quality is determined from the concentrations of pollutants in ambient air. Air quality criteria (limit and target values, margin of tolerances, upper and lower assessment thresholds) are based on the current legislative framework. In Slovakia, the air quality criteria are imposed by Decree No 360/2010 Coll, on air quality, of the Ministry of Environment [1]. In relation to the implemented measurements, it is necessary to choose effective tools needed for the pre-processing and post-processing of overall air quality assessment. The article aims at applying suitable GIS tools in the assessment process of air quality in the Košice agglomeration for the selected period 2008-2010. In the overall assessment of the area in question, the processing of information on emissions declared as particulate matter (PM) was considered in terms of a conservative approach to the assessment of air quality for PM10. For the assessment, the yearbooks and reports on air quality in Slovakia in 2008-2010 of the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) and professional publications were used

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27

Sozaeva, Lezhinka, and Arthur Kagermazov. "Environmental impacts of mining and processing of sand-gravel mix." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015702020.

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Анотація:

The work is devoted to the assessment of the negative impact of pollutant emissions on the air in the extraction and processing of sand and gravel. The maximum one-time and total emissions created by unorganized sources of one of the actually functioning enterprises are determined. The results of the calculation of the dispersion of the main pollutant (inorganic dust) are given. It is shown that the emissions of inorganic dust on the area of the enterprise exceed the values of the maximum permissible concentration and become lower than the MPC only outside the sanitary protection zone This demonstrates the need to comply with and control hygienic standards of ambient air quality near such enterprises.

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28

Parida, Bhaskar, Saemon Yoon, and Dong-Won Kang. "Room-Temperature Solution-Processed 0D/1D Bilayer Electrodes for Translucent CsPbBr3 Perovskite Photovoltaics." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061489.

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Анотація:

Materials and processing of transparent electrodes (TEs) are key factors to creating high-performance translucent perovskite solar cells. To date, sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) has been a general option for a rear TE of translucent solar cells. However, it requires a rather high cost due to vacuum process and also typically causes plasma damage to the underlying layer. Therefore, we introduced TE based on ITO nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) by solution processing in ambient air without any heat treatment. As it reveals insufficient conductivity, Ag nanowires (Ag-NWs) are additionally coated. The ITO-NPs/Ag-NW (0D/1D) bilayer TE exhibits a better figure of merit than sputtered ITO. After constructing CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells, the device with 0D/1D TE offers similar average visible transmission with the cells with sputtered ITO. More interestingly, the power conversion efficiency of 0D/1D TE device was 5.64%, which outperforms the cell (4.14%) made with sputtered-ITO. These impressive findings could open up a new pathway for the development of low-cost, translucent solar cells with quick processing under ambient air at room temperature.

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29

Feig, G., X. Ncipha, S. Naidoo, D. Mabaso, N. Ngcukana, C. Tshehla, and N. Masuku. "Analysis of a period of elevated ozone concentration reported over the Vaal Triangle on 2 June 2013." Clean Air Journal 24, no. 1 (June 3, 2014): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/2014/24/1.7051.

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Анотація:

A peak in the ambient ozone concentration was observed at three of the six ambient air quality monitoring stations in the Vaal Triangle Airshed Priority Area on the second of June 2013. The ozone peak was associated with elevated concentrations of particulate matter, including PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon, but not sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide nor benzene. Back trajectory analysis using Hysplit showed that the air masses containing the high levels of ozone passed over areas influenced by coal fired power stations in the Waterberg, metal processing in the Bojanala region and high intensity fires 30km to 50km upwind of the stations.

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30

Chanthasoon, Chulabut, and Kasem Chunkao. "Proper Insulated Materials for Temperature Accumulation in Box Technology to Catalyze the Organic Digestion Processing on Community Garbage Disposal." Modern Applied Science 8, no. 5 (September 25, 2014): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v8n5p272.

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The research is aimed to determine the appropriate insulated materials and the thickness of insulated boxes for keeping in-box temperature around 70 oC. The experiments were conducted by taking amount of 500 g river gravels (number 3) to heat in Hot air oven at 100 oC for 24 hours before putting in the 0.027 m3 (30x30x30 cm) insulated boxes. The in-box (T1) and out-box (T2) ambient air temperature were recorded by automatic data locker from beginning to the end of experiments. The relationship between time (t) and in-box temperature by graphical techniques in order to select the appropriate insulated material under the criterions of The King's Royally initiative nature-by-nature process, simplicity technology, and low expense (or local materials using for constructing technology), Also, the relations between Q (heat conduction) of temperature differences (in-box and outside box) in varying time (t) as same as the insulated material thickness was evaluated from graphical products of fixing T1 (equivalent to 70 oC) and Q of varying ambient air temperature. The results found that rice straw as the appropriate insulated material tether with the minimum rice-straw insulated thickness of 6 cm in which the in-box temperature could be kept long enough for psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyper-thermopile to complete the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, celluloses, hemicelluloses, and fibers. Moreover, the research result was also pointed out the values of ambient air temperature (from -10 oC to 70 oC) is inversely related to thickness of the rice-straw insulated boxes, by taking the minimum thickness of 6 cm for T2 equivalent to 30 oC.

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Krishna, B. Gopal, Dhriti Sundar Ghosh, and Sanjay Tiwari. "Progress in ambient air-processed perovskite solar cells: Insights into processing techniques and stability assessment." Solar Energy 224 (August 2021): 1369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.07.002.

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DeEll, Jennifer R., and Geoffrey B. Lum. "Storage regimes to allow softening in a processing apple treated with 1-methylcyclopropene." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 100, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2019-0235.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage regime and postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment timing on softening of ‘Northern Spy’ apples, to determine if ideal firmness for processing could be achieved after storage while at the same time maintaining fruit quality and extending storage life. Over 4 yr of study, ‘Northern Spy’ apples with or without 1-MCP (1 μL L−1) were held for up to 12.5 mo at 0 °C–1 °C in the following regimes: (1) controlled atmosphere (CA) with or without 2 wk post-storage ambient air; (2) ambient air or CA; (3) CA with up to 6 mo delayed 1-MCP treatment; (4) delayed CA establishment for up to 4 mo; (5) delayed 1-MCP treatment in combination with delayed CA establishment for 1 or 2 mo. 1-MCP treatment at harvest consistently enhanced firmness retention, which remained too high for processing. Delayed 1-MCP treatment allowed more firmness loss but fruit remained firmer than those not treated, and these apples would be acceptable for subsequent processing (∼67–72 N). 1-MCP-treated fruit developed higher incidence of core browning than those not treated, especially after 6 mo of storage. However, this is not a major problem for processing because core tissue is removed. Delayed CA within any regime did not result in apples with firmness values acceptable for processing, while additional air storage for 2 wk at 0 °C after CA had no significant effect. Overall, delayed 1-MCP treatment with no delay in CA provided the most acceptable apple firmness for processing.

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Caturwati, Ni Ketut, Yusvardi Yusuf, and Muhammad Ilham Al Faiz. "(Performance of Gas Turbine Cooling System (Radiator) at PLTGU XYZ against Environmental Air Temperature)." R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal 5, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v5i1.889.

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Анотація:

The heat exchanger is an important component in the gas and steam power plant (PLTGU) industry. One of the most important heat exchangers in gas turbine cooling systems is the gas turbine radiator. The gas turbine radiator functions to cool the cooling water, which circulated to various components of the gas turbine by using environmental air as the cooling medium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of environmental temperature on the performance of gas turbine radiators and to compare operational data in 2017 with operational data when the study conducted in 2019. Data collected for 3 days with 2-3 hour intervals. Data processing and analysis shows that the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the radiator effectiveness value. Data in 2017 shows the highest average value of effectiveness obtained at an ambient air temperature of 35 ˚C of 71,274%. Meanwhile, data in 2019 shows the highest average value of effectiveness at an ambient air temperature of 35 ˚C of 58,859%. Thus, the average effectiveness value of gas turbine radiators has decreased by 12,415% from 2017 to 2019

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34

Genner, Andreas, Pedro Martín-Mateos, Harald Moser, and Bernhard Lendl. "A Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Multi-Gas Sensor for Ambient Air Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071850.

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Анотація:

A quantum cascade laser-based sensor for ambient air monitoring is presented and five gases, affecting the air quality, can be quantified. The light sources are selected to measure CO, NO, NO2, N2O and SO2. The footprint of the measurement setup is designed to fit in two standard 19” rack (48 cm × 65 cm) with 4 height units (18 cm) whereas one is holding the optical components and the other one contains the electronics and data processing unit. The concentrations of the individual analytes are measured using 2f-Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (2f-WMS) and a commercially available multipass gas cell defines the optical path. In addition, CO can also be measured with a dispersion-based technique, which allows one to cover a wider concentration range than 2f-WMS. The performance of this prototype has been evaluated in the lab and detection limits in the range of 1ppbv have been achieved. Finally, the applicability of this prototype for ambient air monitoring is shown in a five-week measurement campaign in cooperation with the Municipal Department for Environmental Protection (MA 22) of Vienna, Austria.

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35

Kornilova, Anna, Lin Huang, Marina Saccon, and Jochen Rudolph. "Stable carbon isotope ratios of ambient aromatic volatile organic compounds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 18 (September 21, 2016): 11755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11755-2016.

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Abstract. Measurements of mixing ratios and stable carbon isotope ratios of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere were made in Toronto (Canada) in 2009 and 2010. Consistent with the kinetic isotope effect for reactions of aromatic VOC with the OH radical the observed stable carbon isotope ratios are on average significantly heavier than the isotope ratios of their emissions. The change of carbon isotope ratio between emission and observation is used to determine the extent of photochemical processing (photochemical age, ∫ [OH]dt) of the different VOC. It is found that ∫ [OH]dt of different VOC depends strongly on the VOC reactivity. This demonstrates that for this set of observations the assumption of a uniform ∫ [OH]dt for VOC with different reactivity is not justified and that the observed values for ∫ [OH]dt are the result of mixing of VOC from air masses with different values for ∫ [OH]dt. Based on comparison between carbon isotope ratios and VOC concentration ratios it is also found that the varying influence of sources with different VOC emission ratios has a larger impact on VOC concentration ratios than photochemical processing. It is concluded that for this data set the use of VOC concentration ratios to determine ∫ [OH]dt would result in values for ∫ [OH]dt inconsistent with carbon isotope ratios and that the concept of a uniform ∫ [OH]dt for an air mass has to be replaced by the concept of individual values of an average ∫ [OH]dt for VOC with different reactivity.

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36

Poós, T., and E. Varju. "Drying characteristics of medicinal plants." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 2017): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2017.8.1.12.

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Анотація:

The special active agent content makes suitable herbals for healing and health preservation. The key element in herbs and spices processing is drying. The required low moisture content of medicinal plants to storage can be achieved only by applying drying equipment at Hungarian climatic conditions. The extent of the dryer capacity defines the processing capacity of the factory. During the daily operation can easily occur bottleneck, when large amount of herbs are transported to the factory, which is above the drying capacity — various plants unexpected simultaneous flowering, weather emergency, extraordinary collecting, etc. The aim of the manuscript is to determinate operational data at herbs pre-drying with low temperature air by measurements. This work defines the drying rate, the volume decrease and the drying air velocity for various medicinal plants at drying with ambient air.

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Broxmeyer, Hal E., Maegan L. Capitano, Heather A. O'leary, Scott Cooper, Hui Lin Chua, Artur Plett, and Christie M. Orschell. "Re-Evaluation of Age-Related Dysregulation of Hematopoiesis Based on Oxygen Induced Changes Associated with Cell Collection/Processing in Ambient Air." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5051.5051.

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Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers and function are reported to be dysregulated/compromised in old mice (e.g. ≥20 months of age: Cho, et. al., Blood 2008; Dykstra, et. al., J. Exp. Med. 2011; Sun, et. al., Cell Stem Cell 2014, amongst other papers). HSC numbers apparently increase with age, with decreased lymphoid production and compromised engrafting capability. However, what we know about aged HSCs is based on evaluation of these cells after they have first been collected and processed in ambient air. This is an hyperoxic environment, much increased in oxygen compared to the in vivo bone marrow (BM) hypoxic (~ 1-5 %) environment that the HSCs reside in. Moreover, there is little information on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in terms of numbers and functional capacity in aged animals. Because of the need to better understand HSCs and HPCs in aging, where hematopoietic cell function appears to be compromised, and in context of blood disorders associated with aging, it is important to assess HSCs and HPCs removed from the body for analysis in situations as close as possible to that in which these cells find themselves in the body. It has recently become apparent that collection of BM cells from relatively young mice (e.g. 6-12 weeks of age), even for short periods (≤20 minutes) in ambient air, exposes these cells to the phenomenon of extra physiologic oxygen shock/stress (EPHOSS). EPHOSS triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, resulting in enhanced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that results in rapid cell differentiation, with decreased numbers of phenotypically- and functionally-defined long term (LT) repopulating, self-renewing HSCs and concomitant increases in rapidly cycling HPCs (Mantel, et. al. Cell 161:1553, 2015). By rigorous attention to detail in collection and processing mouse BM cells from young mice under constant hypoxic conditions of 3 % oxygen, it became clear that, in fact, there were on average 3-5 fold greater numbers of phenotyped- and functional LT HSCs. But, there were many fewer HPCs, and these HPCs were in a slow or non-cycling state when compared to cells collected and processed in ambient air, or when collected in 3% oxygen and then exposed to ambient air. We thus hypothesized that BM HSCs and HPCs from aged mice collected/processed in ambient air may not reflect their true numbers and functional characteristics in vivo. This led us to re-evalaute hematopoiesis in aged mice, compared to that in young mice, but in which BM cells were collected and processed for numbers and functions of HSCs and HPCs in a more physiological oxygen tension of 3 %, as reported (Mantel, et. al. Cell, 2015). We evaluated BM from CB6, Balb/c, and C57Bl/6 mice at 20-25 months vs. 6-16 weeks of age, collected/processed in ambient air or 3% oxygen. Collection in air demonstrated that older mice had 2.6-2.8 and 1.5-1.9 fold more LT- and short term (ST)-HSCs, with 1.8-2.2 fold fewer phenotypically-defined common myeloid progenitors (CMP), granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), and 2-3 fold fewer functional myeloid HPCs (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM) than younger mice. Moreover, HPCs of older mice, as assessed by colony assay, were in a slow cycling state. In contrast, BM of young and old mice collected/processed in hypoxia, demonstrated similar numbers of LT-HSC, ST-HSCs, CMPs, GMPs, and CLPs. Moreover, while CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM in young mice were decreased after hypoxic collection/processing and were in slow cycle, those of older mice were greatly increased in numbers, and were in rapid cycle. Engrafting and other cell and intracellular studies are ongoing, but it is clear that hematopoietic cell studies previously reported in aged mice will have to be re-evaluated for better mechanistic understanding of their actual numbers and cell and intracellular characteristics as reflected in an in vivo hypoxic environment. Disclosures Broxmeyer: CordUse: Other: SAB Member .

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Wiśniewska, Marta, Andrzej Kulig, and Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. "Odour Emissions of Municipal Waste Biogas Plants—Impact of Technological Factors, Air Temperature and Humidity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031093.

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Анотація:

Biogas plants processing municipal waste are an important part of a circular economy (energy generation from biogas and organic fertiliser production for the treatment of selectively collected biowaste). However, the technological processes taking place may be associated with odour nuisance. The paper presents the results of pilot research conducted at six municipal waste biogas plants in Poland. It shows the relations between odour intensity and concentration and the occurring meteorological and ambient conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) and technological factors at biogas plants processing municipal waste. The impact of meteorological and ambient conditions was identified by measuring air temperature and relative humidity and observing their changes. The impact of technological factors was identified by measuring odorant concentration (volatile organic compounds and ammonia) and observing their changes between individual measurement series. At most analysed biogas plants, the influence of technological factors on odour emissions took place and was clearly noted. The elements of biogas installations characterised by the highest concentration of these odorants were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the choice of technological solutions and technical and organisational measures to reduce the impact of unfavourable atmospheric conditions on odour emissions.

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39

Chen, Li, Hui Cao, Shurong Wang, Yuxing Luo, Tao Tao, Jinwei Sun, and Mingdao Zhang. "Efficient air-stable perovskite solar cells with a (FAI)0.46(MAI)0.40(MABr)0.14(PbI2)0.86(PbBr2)0.14 active layer fabricated via a vacuum flash-assisted method under RH > 50%." RSC Advances 9, no. 18 (2019): 10148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01625b.

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Анотація:

In this work, we present a new kind of perovskite, (FAI)_0.46(MAI)_0.40(MABr)_0.14(PbI₂)_0.86(PbBr₂)_0.14, the vacuum flash-assisted solution processing (VASP) of which can be carried out under relative humidity (RH) higher than 50% in ambient air.

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40

Helmus, Rhena, James Kratz, Kevin Potter, Pascal Hubert, and Roland Hinterhölzl. "An experimental technique to characterize interply void formation in unidirectional prepregs." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 5 (July 28, 2016): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316650273.

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Анотація:

Out-of-autoclave prepreg processing requires evacuation of volatiles in the early stages of processing to achieve an acceptable final void content. In this study, single prepreg plies were laid-up onto a glass tool to simulate a ply–ply interface, to gain an understanding of initial air entrapment and eventual removal mechanisms. The contact was recorded during processing with various edge breathing configurations to identify the relationship between evacuation pathways and contact evolution. The existence of preferential flow channels along the fibre direction of the material was demonstrated by characterizing the prepreg surface. Gas evacuation in those channels prevented contact during an extended ambient temperature vacuum hold. The contact between the prepreg and glass tool equilibrated around 80% during the ambient vacuum hold, and reached full contact at elevated temperature after a brief loss in contact due to moisture vaporization, when the resin pressure decreased to below the water vapour pressure.

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Ishnazarov, Oybek, and Ural Hoshimov. "Mathematical modeling of electric consumption of the gas cooling process." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404088.

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Анотація:

In the article, the possibility of determining the consumption of electrical energy by gas air cooling devices. Special attention is paid to the processing of experimental results. There are some assumptions in the mathematical model that do not affect the final result. The factors influencing the consumption of electric energy by gas air coolers are given. It is stated that the ambient temperature and gas pressure significantly affect the consumption of electrical energy. Thus, based on experimental data, a model of electrical energy consumption by gas air cooling devices of main compressor stations has been obtained.

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42

Poós, Tibor, and Evelin Varju. "Experimental investigation of pre-drying data for some medicinal herbs in forced convection." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2019): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190726465p.

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Анотація:

The special active agent content of herbs makes them suitable for healing and health preservation. The key element in the processing of herbs and spices is drying. Before drying, the medicinal plants should be stored under appropriate conditions to avoid deterioration of quality where one of the possible methods is pre-drying with ambient air. This work defines the determination of main operational parameters at forced convection drying with ambient air like drying rate, volume decrease, maximum drying air velocity and porosity for various medicinal plants (common yarrow - Achillea collina, giant goldenrod - Solidago gigantea, wormwood - Artemisia, walnut leaf - Juglandis folium, wild carrot - Daucus carota). To determine the drying rate, a convective dryer was used where the average drying rate of common yarrow and wild carrot were the highest followed by giant goldenrod, walnut leaf and wormwood. Measurements were made on a pilot plant fluidized bed dryer to determine the volume decrease and the maximum drying air velocity. The volume decrease was determined as a function of time and moisture content. It was found that the maximum drying air velocity for each medicinal plant was between 1.8 and 2.2 m/s. In addition, for each herb the porosity was measured by an air pycnometer.

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Su, Jian, Hongkun Cai, Jingtao Yang, Xiaofang Ye, Rui Han, Jian Ni, Juan Li, and Jianjun Zhang. "Perovskite Ink with an Ultrawide Processing Window for Efficient and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Air." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 3531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b17141.

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44

Zagorodnov, S. Y., A. A. Kokoulina, and S. V. Klein. "Component, Disperse and Morphological Composition of Ambient Air Dust Contamination in the Zones of Mining-Processing Enterprises." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 78 (July 2017): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/78/1/012004.

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45

Porcheddu, Andrea, Evelina Colacino, Giancarlo Cravotto, Francesco Delogu, and Lidia De Luca. "Mechanically induced oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in ambient air: Revisiting TEMPO-assisted oxidations." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (October 2, 2017): 2049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.202.

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Анотація:

The present work addresses the development of an eco-friendly and cost-efficient protocol for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones by mechanical processing under air. Ball milling was shown to promote the quantitative conversion of a broad set of alcohols into carbonyl compounds with no trace of an over-oxidation to carboxylic acids. The mechanochemical reaction exhibited higher yields and rates than the classical, homogeneous, TEMPO-based oxidation.

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Kahn, H., R. Ballarini, J. J. Bellante, and A. H. Heuer. "Fatigue Failure in Polysilicon Not Due to Simple Stress Corrosion Cracking." Science 298, no. 5596 (November 8, 2002): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.298.5596.1215.

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Анотація:

In the absence of a corrosive environment, brittle materials such as silicon should be immune to cyclic fatigue. However, fatigue effects are well known in micrometer-sized polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) samples tested in air. To investigate the origins of this phenomenon in polysilicon, we developed a fixed-grip fracture mechanics microspecimen but could find no evidence of static stress corrosion cracking. The environmental sensitivity of the fatigue resistance was also investigated under cyclic loading. For low-cycle fatigue, the behavior is independent of the ambient conditions, whether air or vacuum, but is strongly influenced by the ratio of compressive to tensile stresses experienced during each cycle. The fatigue damage most likely originates from contact stresses at processing-related surface asperities; subcritical crack growth then ensues during further cyclic loading. The lower far-field stresses involved in high-cycle fatigue induce reduced levels of fatigue damage. Under these conditions, a corrosive ambient such as laboratory air exacerbates the fatigue process. Without cyclic loading, polysilicon does not undergo stress corrosion cracking.

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47

Bühling, Benjamin, Stefan Küttenbaum, Stefan Maack, and Christoph Strangfeld. "Development of an Accurate and Robust Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurement Technique." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062135.

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Ultrasonic time-of-flight (ToF) measurements enable the non-destructive characterization of material parameters as well as the reconstruction of scatterers inside a specimen. The time-consuming and potentially damaging procedure of applying a liquid couplant between specimen and transducer can be avoided by using air-coupled ultrasound. However, to obtain accurate ToF results, the waveform and travel time of the acoustic signal through the air, which are influenced by the ambient conditions, need to be considered. The placement of microphones as signal receivers is restricted to locations where they do not affect the sound field. This study presents a novel method for in-air ranging and ToF determination that is non-invasive and robust to changing ambient conditions or waveform variations. The in-air travel time was determined by utilizing the azimuthal directivity of a laser Doppler vibrometer operated in refracto-vibrometry (RV) mode. The time of entry of the acoustic signal was determined using the autocorrelation of the RV signal. The same signal was further used as a reference for determining the ToF through the specimen in transmission mode via cross-correlation. The derived signal processing procedure was verified in experiments on a polyamide specimen. Here, a ranging accuracy of <0.1 mm and a transmission ToF accuracy of 0.3μs were achieved. Thus, the proposed method enables fast and accurate non-invasive ToF measurements that do not require knowledge about transducer characteristics or ambient conditions.

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48

Budarina, O. V., M. A. Pinigin, L. A. Fedotova, Z. F. Sabirova, and Z. V. Shipulina. "JUSTIFICATION OF MAXIMUM (ONE-TIME) ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, EMERGING DURING THE HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT OF WOOD IN CHIPBOARD PRODUCTION, IN THE AMBIENT AIR." Toxicological Review, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2017-6-42-47.

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Results of experimental studies are reported on the substantiation of the maximum single permissible concentration (MAC maximum single) of volatile organic compounds, formed during a high temperature processing of wood in chipboard production (based on tererpene hydrocarbons), in the atmospheric air of residential areas at the level of 0.05 mg/m3. The magnitude was established on the basis of olfacto-odorimetry taking into account new approaches to the determination of «obsessive» odor thresholds as a limiting criterion for the MAC maximum single justification in accordance with the international practice of setting odor limits and our home experience gained in the standardization of odorous substances in the ambient air. The selection of priority substances for the control of the designed value (α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, camphene) was based on the analysis results of the composition of releases from a high temperature processing of wood and atmospheric air in the enterprise location area.

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49

Coradi, Paulo Carteri, Claudir Lari Padia, Lanes Beatriz Acosta Jaques, Guilherme Abreu Coelho de Souza, Roney Eloy Lima, Amanda Müller, Paulo Eduardo Teodoro, Jonatas Ibagé Steinhaus, and Letícia de Oliveira Carneiro. "Adaptation of technological packaging for conservation of soybean seeds in storage units as an alternative to modified atmospheres." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): e0241787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241787.

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This study aimed to evaluate the quality of seeds of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in ambient air with raffia packaging (ANER), ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL), modified atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMEP), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with raffia packaging (ARER), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with laminated packaging (AREL), and modified (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3°C) atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMREP), over 6 months of storage. Results showed that the seeds of cultivar RR2 were preserved with better physiological quality. Raffia and polyethylene packaging under natural storage conditions, in a refrigerated and modified atmosphere, did not preserve the seed quality over the storage period. The conditions of storage in ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL) and in a refrigerated atmosphere with laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, leading to better results of physiological quality of the seeds. Storage time negatively influenced the physiological quality of seeds, except for AREL and ANEL, which maintained the quality close to that of the initial conditions, over the 6 months of storage. The best alternatives for soybean seeds storage over 6 months are the laminated packaging in a natural environment, matching the refrigerated conditions. The technological laminated packaging can be used as a new alternative for conserving soybean seeds in processing and storage units.

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50

Lisińska-Czekaj, A., M. Lubina, D. Czekaj, M. Rerak, B. Garbarz-Glos, and W. Bąk. "Influence of Processing Conditions on Crystal Structure of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0149.

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Abstract Aim of the present research was to apply a solid state reaction route to fabricate Aurivillius-type ceramics described with the formula Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) and reveal the influence of processing conditions on its crystal structure. Pressureless sintering in ambient air was employed and the sintering temperatures were 850 and 1080 °C. It was found that the fabricated BFTO ceramics were multiphase ones. They consisted of two Bim+1Fem-3Ti3O3m+3 phases, namely the phase with m=5 (i.e. the stoichiometric phase) and m=4 (i.e. the phase with a reduced number of layers in the slab). Detailed X-ray diffraction patterns analysis showed that both phases adopted the same orthorhombic structure described with Fmm2 (42) space group. The ratio of weight fractions of the constituent phases (m=5): (m=4) was ~30:70.

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