Дисертації з теми "Amazonie (Brésil) – Colonisation – Histoire"
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Vaz, Vania. "Les différentes trajectoires des migrants dans la colonisation de l'Amazonie brésilienne de la seconde moitié du 20e siècle : le rôle des politiques publiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REN20012.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis concerns the colonization of the Brazilian Amazon from the second half of the 20th century, especially the differentiation between settlers, according to their geographical origin. One hypothesis is the existence of a socio-cultural permanence built over time, which would last once the migrants settled on their new plots. The other hypothesis is the major role of public policies in migration and this differentiation. Four groups of migrants were identified according to their regions of origin: Nordestins, Paulists, Mineiros, Southerners or Gauchos. Each group having built its own set of characteristics throughout its history, the first part of the thesis analyzes in the history of Brazil and diverse explanatory elements of these specificities. The second part of the thesis describes the migration trajectories for each group/its specificities and the comparative analysis of the migration trajectories as well as the public policies that have induced a differentiation in the migration trajectories and therefore influenced the permanence of the specificities. It shows that throughout Brazil's history, public policies have favored both migration and differences between groups of migrants, thus confirming this hypothesis. On the other hand, if the socio- cultural permanence of migrant groups persists during migration and then during the first years of settlement, it diminishes in a few years, in connection with the convergence of the lifestyles of settlers from different groups, in particular in connection with schooling and having built its own set of characteristics throughout its history, the first part of the thesis analyzes in the history of Brazil and diverse explanatory elements of these specificities
Picard, Jacky. "Les marchands de rêves : représentations sociales de l'échange et développement rural sur un front de colonisation en Amazonie brésilienne." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30011.
Повний текст джерелаThe agricultural colonization of the amazonian areas made more accessible by the opening of roads at the end of the 1960s, developed a hope for thousands of penniless brazilian people. Social conflicts, extremely violent, show that the access to the land still represents an obstacle to the realization of their dreams. Analysing these conflicts and the social organization of the settlers' communities that colonized the conquered land reveals the permanence of paternalist forms of domination and exploitation. Middlemen appear among the farmers and they set up a kind of advance loan on the harvest : food, and mainly manufactured good from the neighbour towns. The people who accept the loans do so because they are compelled to, but also because they hope the relationship thus established will grant them the protection they think necessary to succeed. They entrust their creditors with the commercialization of their harvest and doing so, are deprived of the market value of their overwork. The representation of these exchanges under a commercial form makes unintelligible to them the origin of the exploitation that reinforces the precariousness of their living conditions. Meanwhile, the farmers who succeed in acquiring some cattle do not need so much a protector. The "land race", sometimes conflictual, and the farmers infatuation for stock farming and, consequently, their participation in the pasture extension in the amazon, fit into strategies adapted to the paternalist social world but also contribute to its decline
Almeida, Maria Geralda de. "Expérience de colonisation rurale dans l'Etat d'Acre en Amazonie brésilienne." Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR30012.
Повний текст джерелаArnauld, de Sartre Xavier. "Territorialités contradictoires des jeunes ruraux amazoniens : mobilités paysannes ou sédentarités professionnelles ?" Toulouse 2, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003992.
Повний текст джерелаYouth's future is a crucial stake for family farmers, trade unionists and sustainable development actors of a pioneer frontier of Amazônia. For the trade unionists and sustainable development actors, their objectives of make the farmers adopt sustainable practices would not be achieved with the current farmers; that's why they transferred their hopes on young farmers. The family farmers would like to reproduce their peasant way of life with their children. This these studies, by the way of analysis of semi structured interviews, the stakes of these hopes; and tries to compare them to the conceptions and practices of young farmers. These, analysed by the way of biographical interviews and formalised in a typology, are strongly different of wishes of those actors, and lead us to conclude that professionalization of family farming is a process which imply a deep break in the farmers conceptions
Le, Borgne-David Anne. "Les nouvelles logiques migratoires des paysans du Sud-Ouest du Parana - Brésil : "Le salariat plutôt que la malaria"." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20054.
Повний текст джерелаFor more than one century, peasants families from the south of brazil provided, for each generation, the same status of theirs as "landowners and independant workers" through the migration of the elder sons towards free and woody lands in septentrionals areas. The analysis of the evolution of migratory inclinations from south-west of parana brought out a recent but clear break in that spatial and secular dynamics and the search of new kinds of families system. The elaboration of new migratory logics brings them now to turn away from the "malaria" of tropical forest areas and to turn towards the wages system. This analysis deals with three points : the historical analysis of the process sets off, first of all, the contents and the mecanisms of that logic of reproduction of the family system in the space that led to the occupation of the south-west of parana and then to the migrations towards amazonian frontier areas. The study of two settling projects in the amazonian forest then shows how the desapointed expectations of the settlers broke out the dynamics of the reproduction of the family system in the space. In the end, the analysis of a third settling area in the cerrados in parallel with the evolution of the agricultural context in the south brings out the tendency at the present time of migratory floods and, consequently, the new family reproduction strategies wich appeal to wages system and which no longer have to go through the conquest of free and fertile lands
Alves, de Melo Marilza. "La politique d'occupation économique dans l'Amazonie occidentale : le cas de l'Acre." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030018.
Повний текст джерелаOur aim is to analyse the caracter of the occupation process past and present by stressing the specific character of the agrarian structure: it is a structure situated in midth of an economy which is based on the exploitation of the natural resources and dominated by commercial capital, from which this form of occupation depends. The amazonian area is composed of two districts: eastern and western amazonia. They must be taken into account to seize the reality of the amazonian area, particularly in a study of the agrarian question. As a sample we took an area whose developping process depends from the discovery of rubber allowing us to show the occupation in its different aspects. Situated in the south-west of western amazone and irrigated by the rivers purus, acre and jurua, this area is considered as the greatest reserve of rubber in brazil. In our study of the historical and economical aspects of this area's occupation we confronted the two contradicting models of the appropriation of the richesses and the use of the soil: the first corresponds to the extracting economy model, the second to the agrarian-pastoral model which resulted from the agrarian policy implemented by the military regime after 1964. This policy disrupted the social production relationship and distabilized the ecosystem by depriving the rural population of their livelyhood. It proved uncapable to create another ecomical alternative after the crisis of the rubber; this alternative could have been a new model combining the two activities which are exploitation of mineral resources and agriculture
Do, nascimento Anthony. "Une Histoire de l'émigration, de l'immigration et de la colonisation japonaise au Brésil (1895-1942) : une autre histoire du Japon." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3042.
Повний текст джерелаThe Japanese labor emigration is a phenomenon that has occurred as soon as the Meiji Era has been proclaimed, in 1868, when the Archipelago decided to open its doors to the world. Japanese emigration to Brazil began in 1908 when 781 contracted farmers arrived at the port of Santos in the state of São Paulo. The present dissertation aims at showing that emigration, immigration and colonization in Brazil were designed by its main actors (such as politicians and emigration companies) as a mean for the expansion of Japanese economy abroad, and, in that regard, can be considered to have contributed to the nation-building of Japan. This works rests upon a conclusion drew up by Mori Kôichi, who argues that Japanese emigration to Brazil, but also in the whole world, is not much analyzed by Japanese historians, even though, according to him, it appears to have been one of the main process that supported the emergence of Japan’s State, from the very beginning of the Meiji Era (1868-1912) to the eve of World War II. Its premises rest upon the idea that the history of migrations is mainly written by the receiving countries, however it should also be the concern of sending countries, whose “departure policies” revealed that emigration and agrarian colonization were designed to contribute to the sender State-building process – and we believe this was also true for Japan. The present dissertation borrows the methodological framework of historical studies and, for its major part, rests upon the use of Japan’s diplomatic records dealing with the Japanese emigration, immigration and colonization in Brazil from 1895 to 1942. It is chronologically structured around three periods. The first part, from 1868 and 1908, the focuses on the beginning of the Japanese emigration to Brazil, that is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Brazil and the organization process of the first departure of Japanese emigrants to Brazil. The second part, from 1908 to 1920, describes the start of both Japanese emigration and Japan’s agricultural colonization in Brazil. The third part finally deals with the Japanese emigration, immigration and colonization during the 1920s and the 1930s; two important decades characterized by the rise of nationalism in Brazil on one hand, and on the other by the active promotion of emigration by Japan’s government, via the implementation of a national policy of emigration in 1925
Prost, Catherine. "Organisation et rôle géopolitique de l'armée au Brésil." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081554.
Повний текст джерелаPresentation of the geographic organization of the army : national distribution but desequilibrated (40 % of the troops are situated in the South of the country and only 10 % in the "legal Amazony"). Study about the militaries : their formation, thier political ideas, their hierarchical organization. The Brazilian army is goinig through an "existential crisis" due to its low budget, the polemics about the political repression during the military regime between 1964 and 1985, and the actual debate on the reforms of the military organization and its new missions. A chapter of geohistory follows. The army played of more a role of defence against foreigners, than of territorial expansion, which was done by settlers. Pacific independance in 1822. The army supports the central power by repressing regional riots. After the war against Paraguay (1865-70), the army becomes a profession and its political importance grows. It orients itself to interior affairs, including direct interventions in national politics. A national school of geopolitics, the Geopolitica, is created by the work of several generations of officers, with the influence of foreign doctrines. Several civil governments will apply these ideas, but in 1964, the military chiefs take power and put into practice their theoretical theses : fight against the "communist foe", rivalry with Argentina for the regional power, development of the Amazone region to complete "national integration" and economic growth. In 1985, the military chiefs return power to the civilians after a particularly long transition, maintaining a military influence in the state. At present, the creation of the Mercosur leads to the cessation of the hypothecal conflict with Argentina. The army can orient itself toward a bigger control of the Amazone region which is a vulnerable region (little population, growth of illegal activities). The military influence can still have authoritarian aspects, but the control of the army by the state is getting stronger with President Cardoso. This positive change in outlook strengthens denomcracy in Brazil
Sablayrolles, Philippe. "Politiques agraires et stabilisation de l'agriculture sur les fronts pionniers : le cas de la région Transamazonienne (Altamira-PA, Brésil)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0006.
Повний текст джерелаAngelo, Menezes Maria de Nazaré. "Histoire sociale des systèmes agraires dans la vallée du Tocantins - Etat de Pará - Brésil : colonisation européenne dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle et la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0099.
Повний текст джерелаClairay, Marie. "Etude par télédétection des structures spatiales du front pionnier dans le nord du Mato Grosso." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20043.
Повний текст джерелаIn Brazil the pioneer front has existed for five centuries, but today remote sensing techniques are enables to visualize its changing limits, particularly in the Mato Grosso state in Amazonia, where progress is very rapid. As the aims determined by the agricultural colonisation projects prove to play an important role in the structure of these recent lands, the satellite images determine their spatial properties. In this thesis, images are interpretated to discriminate pseudo-natural land and cleared land. In the Northern two-third of the Mato Grosso state, those radical mutations reveal different spatial features which were schematized in order to show their principal characteristics. They produce a dominant model of organization and variants. Among newly differentiated regions one of them is used as a transformation case study. A spatial analysis is carried out from chronological observations. It shows, at the locale scale, the disparities and the analogies between the municipalities ; but it reveals also the complexity of the pioneer front evolution
Okuneva, Olga. "La présence française au Brésil : (seconde moitié du XVIe siècle - premier quart du XVIIe )." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040236.
Повний текст джерелаThe French presence in Brazil from the second half of the XVIth century up to the first quarter of the XVIIth century is analyzed in the light of the definition of the relation towards the Other. The study is concentrated around three great axes : 1. The Other : the European adversary in the region he considers as his inalienable possession ; 2. The Other : the Amerindian partner and allied ; 3. The Other: the country, its political and economic potential, and also its allegoric and moral image. This presence is considered as a complex phenomenon which can’t be restricted to the attempts of the "ephemeral colonization" of the second half of the XVIth century and of the first quarter of the XVIIth century
Dos, Anjos Farias Lemoine Maria Soeli. "La culture matérielle des Munduruku du Haut-Tapajos en Amazonie brésilienne : Kapikipi Jewa wy dadam." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG037.
Повний текст джерелаThis Phd deals with the peoples named Munduruku. We’ll study the evolution of both their material culture and their educational system. The meaning of the word “native” is defined in order to respect the Munduruku terminology: “being Munduruku” means “being real men”. In 2005 ,their leaders first granted us permission to meet them on condition we respect the rules. Their material culture has undergone drastic changes particularly as far as architecture is concerned. The square-shaped straw houses observed at the beginning of the twentieth century have been replaced by rectangular ones with wooden walls and zinc rooftops. Missangas made in China have taken the place ot the original necklaces handcrafted with puca seeds and adorned with animals carved in coconuts. The former calabashes used for food or beverage have been replaced by glasses . As to the hammock made of bark still used today, it is no longer crafted by the Munduruku studied. We’ll use the collected materials to analyze their know how. The Munduruku environment is described as well. As our research only partially covers their huge territory, it can’t be considered as completed yet
Cavagnal, Thierion Brigitte. "Regards sur l'Amazonie : fiction, histoire, identité dans l’oeuvre de Márcio Souza." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseThieron.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis research investigates the relation between Fiction, History and Identity in the literary universe of Márcio Souza, contemporary Brazilian writer born in the Amazonian region. The present thesis aims at shading light over the dialogue established between his work and the different points of view which “invented” Amazonia through time. The first part analyses the representations of Amazonia in travelers’ and explorers’ discourse and their critical incorporation into fiction. It contextualizes Márcio Souza’s fictional universe. The second part aims at characterizing the writer’s intellectual and literary profile, taking into consideration five novels which are the object of this research and which stage two key periods for the formation of Brazilian nation and for regional Amazonian history: the incorporation of the state of Acre and the Cabanagem Revolt. The literary analysis of the trilogy of novels Crônicas do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro emphasizes the role of the committed intellectual who calls into question the negative and biased representation of this rebellion which, in the 19th century, ravaged the Province of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro, in the Northern Region of Brazil. The analysis of this trilogy exposes the narrative strategies as well as the ideological posture of an author who revisits the onset of the Empire of Brazil and the history of the formation of Brazilian nation, integrating the point of view of a humiliated people, stricken by fierce repression. The desire to fight against oblivion constitutes a strong axis in the writer’s work of memory. This research stresses the importance of the reflection which emanates from Márcio Souza’s work to understand Amazonia’s history and its ascribed place in contemporary Brazil
Este trabalho de pesquisa analisa as relações entre Ficção, História e Identidade no universo literário de Márcio Souza, escritor brasileiro contemporâneo, originário da Amazônia. Esta tese procura esclarecer o diálogo estabelecido pela obra com os diferentes olhares que, no decorrer do tempo, têm “inventado” a Amazônia. A primeira parte analisa as representações da Amazônia dentro dos discursos de viajantes e exploradores e sua incorporação crítica dentro da ficção. Contextualiza o universo ficcional de Márcio Souza. A segunda parte procura caracterizar o perfil intelectual e literário do escritior, igualmente ensaista, dramaturgo e romancista. A terceira parte está centrada no estudo das relações entre Ficção e História, dentro de cinco romances estudados que dramatizam dois momentos emblemáticos da nação brasileira e da história regional : a anexação do Acre pelo Brasil e a Revolta da Cabanagem. A análise literária da trilogia romanesca Crônicas do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro salienta o papel do intelectual engajado que questiona a representação negativa e unívoca desta revolução que no século XIX assolou a Província do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro, ao Norte do Brasil. A análise desta trilogia romanesca evidencia as estratégias narrativas assim como o posicionamento ideológico do autor que revisita o advento do Império brasileiro e a história da formação da nação brasileira integrando o ponto de vista de um povo humiliado, vítima de uma repressão feroz. O desejo de lutar contra o esquecimento constitui um dos eixos fortes daquele trabalho de memória do escritor. A pesquisa sublinha a importância da reflexão que emana da obra do escritor Márcio Souza para compreender a história da Amazônia e o lugar que lhe é atribuído dentro do Brasil atual
Osis, Reinis. "Relations spatiales entre les ressources biophysiques et les dynamiques d’occupation du sol du front pionnier en Amazonie orientale." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Amazon has been subject to a rapid change in land use due to deforestation for several decades and more recently to the expansion of annual crops like soybeans. One of the major challenges is to understand better the spatial dynamics of these processes and its determinants. With the reduction of deforestation and the consolidation of pioneer fronts, natural resources and constraints seem to be gaining in importance in farmers' choices. The objective of this research was to assess the role of biophysical factors in land use dynamics since 2000 and to anticipate possible futures in a consolidated Amazonian pioneer frontier, the municipality of Paragominas. We implemented a spatially explicit model to identify the spatial distribution of change processes in relation to different factors. Interviews with farmers explain the underlying strategy. The results show different strategies for the use of biophysical resources according to the types of production, the size of the farms, the distance to roads and villages and the spatial distribution of biophysical resources in the farm. The strategies evolve over time, in relation to production and technological advances, and are organized in space. A better understanding of the importance of biophysical resources on the evolution of pioneer fronts through this type of method could provide support for land-use policies
Capellini, carvalho de oliveira Nathalia. "Historiciser les barrages en Amazonie brésilienne : environnement, conflit et politique dans la planification et construction de Tucuruí (1960-1985)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV086.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the planning and construction of the Tucuruí dam on the Tocantins River in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Tucuruí dam was one of the large public works of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil between 1964 and 1985 and was part of the geopolitical strategy of this regime for the Amazon region. The present work highlights the relationship between State and resources in the Amazon from a historical perspective. It focuses on how a political project –in this case, the military one – embodies a process of material transformation of space through the implementation of infrastructures. It also shows how infrastructure, a hydroelectric, can materialize a particular political vision. However, if the military dictatorship was a pivotal moment when dams are finally established in the Amazon, this thesis shows that these infrastructures are part of a long history of river management in the region. In this longer perspective, relations between the central State and the regional elites, as well as the dynamics of capital concerning Amazonian resources appear to be central.By relying on a multiplicity of sources – from the gray literature produced by the State, through the archives of the repression, and the textual production of social movements– this study reflects on the Tucuruí experience as a nodal point in the modification of Amazonian rivers and also on the planned State action for the region. As the construction progressed as the first large dam in the world built in a rainforest, it triggered a strong opposition because of ecological uncertainties, social injustices and political controversies surrounding its implementation. This process takes place and is created in a setting where multiple temporalities and scales intersect in the production of the Amazon as subject to state control, capitalist interests, economic and technical rationalities, symbolic imaginaries, geopolitical issues, social movements, but also biophysical and hydrological processes. Finally, it is a reflection on the place of Tucuruí in the legacy of the military dictatorship in the Amazon, as a model for major developments operated in the region thereafter
Soares, Ana Paulina Aguiar. "Disputas Territoriais na Floresta Amazônica : o caso de Manicoré (Amazonas, Brasil)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030087.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is an essay about Regional Geography, aiming at clarifying the modalities of occupation and the conflicts in Western Brazilian Amazonia, especially in the middle Madeira River valley, southern state of Amazonas. Since colonial times, this region is a disputed one: the right bank of the Amazon River became the boundary between the Portuguese and Spanish empires. Besides this passage way allowed to draw a boundary for a Grand Brazil. The thesis is grounded on the methods of geohistory and geopolitics. It opens a debate on how the actors take in account the environmental dimension, and bases its analysis on a conflict between a logging company and extractive communities, that live from collecting forest products. Social struggles hardly incorporate environmental dimension and the companies have difficulties in committing in the principles of social and environmental responsibilities. This work analyzes this time of adaptation to the standards and at various scales: the average course of the Madeira River, territorial vastness of the city of Manicoré and a community with a predestined name of Democracia [Democracy]. Good practices of a true forest management are slowly implemented and hardly handled or accepted in a local level. Nevertheless, all the actors of the environmental scene are challenged with bringing back the different uses of forests and rivers. And in particular those who care with the future of tropical forests and their inhabitants, and take the defense of their conceptions of territorial occupation
Esta tese consiste em um ensaio de Geografia Regional visando explicitar as modalidades de ocupação e os conflitos por elas ocasionadas na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira, especialmente no vale do médio rio Madeira, no sul do Estado do Amazonas. Nessa região disputada desde a época colonial, esse afluente da margem direita do rio Amazonas passou a ser o limite entre os impérios português e espanhol e uma via de passagem que serviu para desenhar um grande Brasil. Fundamentada nos métodos dageo-história e da geopolítica, a tese abre um debate sobre a tomada de consciência ambiental, aqui em particular com a análise do conflito entre uma empresa madeireira e comunidades extrativistas que vivem da coleta dos produtos florestais. As boas práticas de uma verdadeira gestão florestal, lentas quando aplicadas, não foram plenamente incorporadas nem aceitas localmente. Com dificuldades, as lutas sociais incorporaram a dimensão ambiental e, as empresas, os princípios das responsabilidades social e ambiental. É nesse momento de adaptação às normas que procuramos estudar nas diversas escalas: o curso médio do rio Madeira, a imensidade territorial do município de Manicoré e uma comunidade com um nome predestinado de Democracia. Enfim, fica o desafio de conciliar os usos diferenciados da floresta e dos rios que concerne a todos os atores da cena ambientalista que se preocupam com o futuro das florestas tropicais e de seus habitantes, em particular, em defesa das concepções de ocupação dos territórios pelos moradores
SABLAYROLLES, Philippe. "Politiques agraires et stabilisation de l'agriculture sur les fronts pionniers. Le cas de la région Transamazonienne (Altamira-PA, Brésil)." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005752.
Повний текст джерелаOr les dynamiques d'expansion et de défrichement des fronts pionniers se nouent en partie au niveau national. Nous avons montré la relation forte entre les politiques excluantes et anti-paysannes de la Dictature pendant les années 1964-85 et l'accélération de l'occupation agricole de l'Amazonie. Une politique nationale faisant plus de place à la promotion de la paysannerie favorise le développement durable des fronts amazoniens.
Pour garantir le développement durable des fronts, il faut réduire l'expansion du territoire approprié et y fixer des densités humaines plus élevées. Nous avons calculé la rémunération que proportionnent les systèmes intensifs existants dans la région : elle est peu différente de celle espérée dans les systèmes extensifs les plus rémunérateurs, et elle est plus élevée que celle des systèmes de production mis en oeuvre actuellement.
Un développement plus durable des fronts pionnier nous paraît donc une alternative réaliste du point de vue de l'Etat et acceptable du point de vue paysan si certaines conditions sont remplies, notamment en matière de crédit, de développement de nouvelles activités agricoles, et de formation technique.
Guzmán, Décio de Alencar. "Dans le labyrinthe du Kuwai : échanges, guerres et missions dans la vallée de l’Amazone (1650-1750)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL182.
Повний текст джерелаWe decided to study the history of the indigenous populations of Northwestern Amazonia from the beginning of the XVIIth century till mid XVIIIth century. More precisely, we analyzed the role and the evolution of the Indian chiefdoms in the double context of interethnic relations and European colonial enterprises. During this period, the great European powers – France, England, Holland, Spain and Portugal – strove for increasing their colonial possessions in South America. That is why with the beginning of the conquest of American lands, on one side we can observe that political conflicts opposing the great powers in Europe are exported into the colonized areas. On the other side, Portuguese missionaries systematically developed catechizing villages among native populations in order to promote Portuguese colonization and a first urbanization of the Amazon Valley. All these interventions took advantage of political networks, inner hierarchies and power positions existing among native societies before the arrival of the Europeans. As a matter of fact, missions and military expeditions provoked continuous wars transforming Indian chiefdoms into preferential mediators
Jollant, Nataly. "L'Amazonie comme identité, géographie imaginaire et cartographie littéraire au Brésil du XIXe siècle. Le vécu au service de l'imaginaire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://bibnum.univ-paris3.fr/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=323339.
Повний текст джерелаForeign and national imaginaries of the Brazilian Amazon are the result of a long and incomplete historical and literary construction started by Europeans in the 16th century. The first texts about the region gave accounts of a faraway, exotic and wild place. These representations would be permanently associated to the Amazonian space, in particular during the 19th century, when Brazil initiated its process of political emancipation and identity formation. In the vast project of constructing a national identity, it is important to understand how foreign imaginaries shaped the local imaginaries. And the Amazonian writers had a remarkable participation in establishing a collective identity. Wanting to secure a place for the Amazon in the national architecture, they used the traditions of the indigenous people as well as the knowledge of the Europeans. Using the study of travel narratives, of the press, of regionalist literature, through the lens of scientific theories and literary currents, and at the intersection of various disciplines, we will analyze the formation of imaginaries of the Amazon, how they have consolidated throughout the centuries, and to what extent Amazonian writers appropriated them to create a regional literature
Os imaginários estrangeiros e nacionais sobre a Amazônia brasileira são frutos de um longo e imperfeito trabalho de construção histórica e literária, iniciado no século XVI pelos europeus. Os primeiros textos sobre a região dão conta de um lugar distante, exótico e selvagem. Representações que serão associadas para sempre ao espaço amazônico, notadamente no século XIX quando o Brasil inicia seu processo de emancipação política e de construção identitária. No vasto projeto de constituição da identidade nacional, importa compreender como os imaginários estrangeiros modelaram os imaginários locais. Outrossim, os escritores amazônicos tiveram notável participação no estabelecimento de uma identidade coletiva. Buscando assegurar um lugar para a Amazônia na arquitetura nacional, eles recorreram tanto às tradições dos povos autóctones quanto aos saberes dos europeus. Através da análise de narrativas de viagem, da imprensa, da literatura regionalista, à luz de teorias científicas e de correntes literárias, e na intersecção de várias disciplinas, são analisados a formação dos imaginários sobre a Amazônia, de que forma os mesmos se consolidaram ao longo dos séculos e em que medida os escritores amazônicos deles se apropriaram para criar uma literatura regionalista
Colas, Christian. "Le Sumario das Armadas, chronique oubliée d'une conquête dans le Brésil du XVIème." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030066.
Повний текст джерелаBrazil begun to built itsel on the XVIth century subduing the native population, who often paid the high price of her life, and repelling the French men, merchants looking for the exotic products of the country or settelers wanting to found a colony with Villegaignon in Ganabara Bay. Portugal has not finished fighting against both, French and Indians, in the others parts of the country, when begun the Potiguar uprising in Paraiba Territory, in the North-East of Brazil. The Sumario das Armadas is a forgotten cronicle, but the only one such detailed existing in the whole country. It describes the conquest of the Potiguar territory in three campaigns by the Spanish and Portuguese columns against the Indians and Frenchs allied, and the extention of the king's power of Philippe II of Spain
Theophilo, Folhes Ricardo. "O Lago Grande do Curuai : história fundiária, usos da terra e relações de poder numa área de transição várzea-terra firme na Amazônia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA125/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to understand the role of the social and environmental order influenced the peopling, land appropriation and the seasonal use of natural resources between floodplains (várzea) and firm land (terra firme) ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon. I follow an historical and ethnographical approach to examine how social practices and the local power relations influenced the interrelated dynamic between social life and water movements (floods and droughts). The study area is Lago Grande, located in the city of Santarem, Pará State bordering the towns of Óbidos and Juruti. The main question is to investigate if power relations among social groups established and inherited during the colonial living in Lago Grande region are still operating in current times, and how this situation affects the control of transhumance between várzea and terra firme ecosystems. I conclude that the Amazon floodplains are still controlled by local elites, represented by land and livestock owners. The local elite established their socio-political power during colonial times, dominating an increasing process of entering from várzea to terra firme areas (i.e. deforestation). Since 1950, the main economical activity responsible for the expansion of land use from várzea to terra firme was cattle raising through transhumance between both ecosystems. Transumance has received a specific attention in this study, for it is among the main factors encouraging the circulation of local population between várzea and terra firme environments. From 1970’s, large farmers started the transhumance which was later followed by smaller farmers, and intensified through the 1990’s. Cattle ranching builds on three local practices which promote transhumance: “societies”, “permissions” and land rentals (arrendamentos). A joint analysis allowed me to demonstrate that “societies” between large and small farmers sustain the cattle ranching growth. This activity is lucrative and bestows prestige and opportunities to access the floodplains more regularly. In 2005, an Agro-extractivist Settlement was created (PAE Lago Grande) to favor land distribution and better economical opportunities among local populations. Though, the territorial unit included terra firme but not the areas of the várzea ecosystem, vital for the local economy part of the year. Additionally, the PAE also did not alter the land tenure, keeping the same historically constructed power structures it aimed to deconstruct
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi compreender como fatores de ordem social e ambientalinfluenciaram o povoamento, a apropriação e o uso conjugado dos recursos naturais em umaregião de transição entre os ecossistemas de várzea e de terra firme na Amazônia brasileira.Adotei uma abordagem histórica e etnográfica para examinar como relações de poder e práticassociais mediaram a articulação da vida social ao regime de cheias e vazantes. A área eleita paraa realização da pesquisa foi a região do Lago Grande, localizada no município de Santarém-PA, na confluência com os municípios de Óbidos e Juruti. Questionei se seria possível, naatualidade, enxergar nas relações entre os segmentos sociais que coabitam a região do LagoGrande continuidades e rupturas com as relações de poder herdadas do período colonial e comotais relações poderiam estar intervindo na circulação humana entre os dois ecossistemas.Conclui-se que as várzeas ainda são controladas por segmentos das elites locais, formadas porproprietários de terras e gado. Estes fundaram seu poder no período colonial e lentamentecomandaram o processo de ampliação dos sistemas de uso da terra para os interiores da terrafirme. Desde 1950, a principal atividade econômica a impulsionar esta expansão tem sido apecuária, por meio da prática da transumância. Entre os diversos fatores que sustentam acirculação sazonal entre a várzea e a terra firme pela população local, a transumância recebeuatenção especial da pesquisa. Iniciada pelos grandes fazendeiros, a transumância se popularizouentre os diversos perfis de criadores a partir das décadas de 1970 e foi intensificada na décadade 1990. Três instituições comandam a atividade pecuária e logo sustentam a transumância: as“sociedades”, as permissões e os arrendamentos. Analisados em conjunto estes institutospermitiram que a pesquisa chegasse à conclusão de que as “sociedades” entre grandes epequenos criadores sustentam o crescimento da pecuária, atividade que muito mais do que umasimples poupança é sinônimo de prestígio e oportunidade de acesso regular a várzea. A criaçãode um projeto de assentamento agroextrativista em 2005, o PAE Lago Grande, anexou apenasa faixa de terra firme da região do Lago Grande, deixando as várzeas de fora. O PAE não anexouas várzeas e não alterou a estrutura fundiária em terra firme. Desta forma, pouco alterou asrelações de poder historicamente construídas. Por fim, considera-se que a circulação realizadaentre as populações regionais entre os dois ecossistemas, de maneira geral, e a transumância,em particular, não vem sendo levada em consideração nas políticas de ordenamento territorialna Amazônia