Статті в журналах: "Alveolar process"

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Niedzielska, Iwona, Daniel Ciapiński, Michał Bąk, and Damian Niedzielski. "The Assessment of the Usefulness of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Healing Process Bone Resorption." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020247.

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The main subject of this research was the use of PRF in dental surgery aimed at preventing changes in alveolar height and width after tooth extraction. Due to the large growth factor content, it seems to be particularly useful in bone loss management starting from the simplest loss occurring after tooth extraction through loss resulting from tooth resection ending with loss caused by large bone cysts. The study was performed on 50 patients. The extraction of two maxillary or mandibular homonymous teeth was carried out in each patient, where PRF was placed in one alveolus while the other alveolus was left empty. Then, the alveoli were surgically managed with a split flap technique. On the extraction day, after 10 days, and after 6 months, the alveolar process was measured, soft tissues healing was assessed, and imaging examinations were analyzed. It was proved that the healing of soft tissues in the PRF group was better. In the PRF group after 6 months from surgery, the newly formed bone had higher grayscale values in volumetric tomography (CBCT). Moreover, the reduced atrophy of the alveolar process at the site of the extracted tooth was proved in this study.

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MISZTAL-KUNECKA, ANNA, ANNA ŁOJSZCZYK, and STANISŁAW DZIMIRA. "Evaluation of post-extraction alveolar regeneration time in advanced periodontal disease employing novel hydroxyapatitepolymeric (FlexiOss®Vet) in dogs." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 80, no. 04 (2024): 6867–2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6867.

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The purpose of the study was to demonstrate bone regeneration and the time of formation of new alveolar bone based on implanted FlexiOss®Vet bone substitute material. The study attempted to determine the time taken to fill bone defects with newly formed osseous bone compared to alveoli with a standard method of filling the post-extraction alveolus with a collagen sponge. The study was conducted on a group of 12 dogs with advanced periodontal disease (stage IV) in which polymeric hydroxyapatite bone substitute material (FlexiOss®Vet) was implanted into alveoli on the right side, and collagen sponge was implanted into alveoli on the left side in the same patient. The patients underwent macroscopic inspection and X-ray examination at different periods of regeneration after the procedure. On the right side, macroscopically, the alveoli showed features of marked enlargement, and on X-ray examination they gave opacity to X-rays and there was no clear border between the alveolus and alveolar bone. On the left side, the alveoli were clearly penetrable to X-rays, and hollow alveoli filled mainly with connective tissue were observed. The study also showed a significant reduction in bone healing time in alveoli with implants compared to self-healing alveoli. These results suggest that the implanted material is significantly beneficial in the process of bone regeneration in large bone defects in dogs and notably shortens the process of bone regeneration after tooth extractions. It is presumed that this could reflect a model for the treatment of large bone defects in not only the maxilla and mandible, but also long bones, and that it could be a model for alveolar healing in humans.

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Sukaedi, Sukaedi, and Eha Djulaeha. "Treatment of sharp mandibular alveolar process with hybrid prosthesis." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v43.i3.p136-140.

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Background: Losing posterior teeth for a long time would occasionally lead to the sharpening of alveolar process. The removable partial denture usually have problems when used during mastication, because of the pressure on the mucosa under the alveolar ridge. Purpose: The purpose of this case report was to manage patients with sharp mandibular alveolar process by wearing hybrid prosthesis with extra coronal precision attachment retention and soft liner on the surface base beneath the removable partial denture. Case: A 76 years old woman visited the Prosthodontic Clinic Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University. The patient had a long span bridge on the upper jaw and a free end acrylic removable partial denture on the lower jaw. She was having problems with mastication. The patient did not wear her lower denture because of the discomfort with it during mastication. Hence, she would like to replace it with a new removable partial denture. Case management: The patient was treated by wearing a hybrid prosthesis with extra coronal precision attachment on the lower jaw. Soft liner was applied on the surface of the removable partial denture. Hybrid prosthesis is a complex denture consisting of removable partial denture and fixed bridge. Conclusion: It concluded that after restoration, the patient had no problems with sharp alveolar process with her new denture, and she was able to masticate well.Latar belakang: Kehilangan geligi posterior dapat menimbulkan processus alveolaris tajam. Gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan mempunyai masalah selama pengunyahan karena adanya tekanan di mukosa di bawah alveolar ridge. Tujuan: Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah untuk menjelaskan cara menangani pasien yang mempunyai prosesus alveolaris yang tajam di rahang bawah dengan dibuatkan protesis hybrid dengan daya tahan extra coronal precision attachment dan soft liner di permukaan bawah basis gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan. Kasus: Pasien wanita berumur 76 tahun datang di klinik Prostodosia Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga. Pasien memakai gigi tiruan lekat rentang panjang di rahang atas dan gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan akrilik free end di rahang bawah, pasien mengalami masalah waktu mengunyah. Pasien tidak memakai gigitiruan lepasan rahang bawahnya karena tidak nyaman dipakai, dan pasien menginginkan pembuatan gigi tiruan lepasan rahang bawah yang baru. Tatalaksana kasus: Pada pasien ini dilakukan pembuatan Hybrid Prosthesis dengan daya tahan berupa extra coronal attachment di rahang bawah dan penggunaan bahan pelapis lunak yang diaplikasikan pada basis gigi tiruan lepasan nya. Hybrid prosthesis adalah gigi tiruan himpunan yang terdiri dari gigi tiruan lepasan dan gigi tiruan lekat. Kesimpulan: Hasil perawatan menunjukkan setelah mengganti gigi tiruan dengan gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan yang baru, pasien tidak mempunyai masalah dengan gigi tiruan yang baru akibat processus alveolaris yang tajam dan pasien dapat mengunyah dengan baik.

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Аkbarov, Avzal, Jamshid Tulyaganov, and Nigora Ziyadullaeva. "DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND CHOOSEOPERA OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS, MANDIBLE AND MAXILLA." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2020-5-4.

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Dental implantation is an established scientifically grounded method of treating patients with partial and complete loss of teeth. However, the dentist-implantologist often faces the problem of bone tissue regeneration after inflammatory, traumatic diseases and carrying out extraction interventions that lead to its deficiency. Physiological regeneration often does not provide the required volume of new bone. A local bone deficiency makes it difficult to carry out dental implantation

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Ankem, Prasanth Babu, Karuna Sri Vaddi, Supriya Botlagunta, Sai Urmila Talupuru, Nagamalleswari Yamani, and Divya Sahithi Ankem. "Gross Anatomical Studies on Facial Bones of the Skull of Indian Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 6 (May 6, 2024): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i6867.

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Maxillae were the principal bones of the upper jaw and carry the upper cheek teeth. The lateral surface of the body just above the upper 3rd or 4th cheek tooth infra orbital foramen is present; the alveolar socket for the canine tooth is located at the junction of the alveolar border of the maxilla and premaxilla. The palatine surface bears an anterior palatine foramen. The alveolar sockets for the last molar tooth were opened into the temporal fossa. Incisive bones showed three alveolar sockets for the upper incisors. The Palatine process was a thin plate that forms the rostral part of the hard palate. Nasal bones do not make any articulation with the maxilla bone. The frontal extremities of the nasal bones are blunt, and two bones together fit into the groove formed by the two frontal bones. The rostral extremities of two bones were free for muscular attachment. Lacrimal bones were articulated dorsally with the orbital plate of the frontal bones, ventrally with the palatine process of the maxilla, rostrally with the caudal border of the maxilla, and caudally with the perpendicular part of the palatine bones. The facial surface extends very little, or not at all, beyond the orbital margin. The orbital surface was small and quadrilateral in outline. Lacrimal Bulla was absent. Zygomatic bones were placed between the lacrimal and maxilla rostrally. The temporal process was long, strongly curved, and forms the bulk of the bone. Between the horizontal and vertical parts of the palatine bones forms the posterior 3/4th of the nasal cavity. The rostral extremity of the pterygoid bones were articulated with the palatine bones, and the posterior extremities were free and carried by the by the hamulus. The rostral extremity of the vomer bone has almost reached the body of the incisive bone. The ventral turbinate is larger than the dorsal one. Two halves of the mandibles were not fused completely. The body presents three alveoli for the lower incisors and one alveolus for the canine tooth. It has six alveoli for the lower cheek teeth. The 5th alveolus was larger than the remaining ones and carries a carnassial tooth.

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6

Boymuradov, Shukhrat. "Management of maxillary alveolar process fractures." Medical and Health Science Journal 6 (April 4, 2011): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/mhsj.2010.118.

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7

Pichelmayer, Margit, Rudolf Mossböck, and Helmut Droschl. "Maxillary Segmental Distraction in a Patient with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Alveolus with Subsequent Tooth Transplantation: A Preliminary Case Report." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 4 (July 2008): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-118.1.

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Segmental distraction osteogenesis in the maxillary alveolar process makes it possible to close alveolar clefts in patients with cleft lip and alveolus successfully. Dental spaces occurring in the lateral segment can subsequently be fully closed by transplanting teeth into this area. This new method of treatment is advantageous for patients with broad clefts and multiple missing teeth in the maxilla.

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Bassi, Alessandra, and Izabel Christine Seara. "A produção das fricativas alveolar, ápico-alveolar e palato-alveolar em coda silábica no PB e no PE." Letras de Hoje 52, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7726.2017.1.25336.

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Neste estudo, são investigadas características acústico-articulatórias da fricativaalveolar [s, z], ápico-alveolar [s, z] e palato-alveolar [S, Z] do português brasileiro e do português europeu, em coda silábica, em dados de informantes nativos de Florianópolis‑SC/BR, Rio de Janeiro-RJ/BR, Erechim-RS/BR, Lisboa/PT, Granjal-Viseu/PT e São Jorge-Açores/PT. É analisada a distribuição das fricativas em coda silábica nos falares das localidades anteriormente citadas, uma vez que é de senso comum que, no português brasileiro, ocorra apenas fricativas alveolares ou palato-alveolares. Os parâmetros investigados foram os picos espectrais das fricativas em questão em confronto com o nível de escolaridade dos informantes. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que o fator escolaridade baixa associado à análise dos valores dos picos espectrais dos segmentos fricativos produzidos no português brasileiro e no português europeu foi crucial para estabelecer uma ligação entre a realização dessas fricativas com o processo de colonização dos pontos geográficos analisados nesta pesquisa.********************************************************************The production of the alveolar, apico-alveolar and post-alveolar fricatives in syllabic coda of BP and EPAbstract: In this study, the acoustic-articulatory characteristics of the alveolar [s, z], apicoalveolar [s, z] and post-alveolar [S, Z] fricatives in syllabic coda of Brazilian and European Portuguese were investigated. Data were supplied by native informants from Florianópolis- SC/BR, Rio de Janeiro-RJ/BR, Erechim-RS/BR, Lisboa/PT, Granjal-Viseu/PT and São Jorge- Azores/PT. Since it is common sense that in Brazilian Portuguese only alveolar or post-alveolar fricatives occur, the distribution of fricatives in syllabic coda in speech samples from the places aforementioned was analyzed. The spectral peaks of the fricatives in relation to informants’ schooling level were the investigated parameters. Based on the present findings, the relation between low schooling and the analysis of spectral peak values of the fricative segments produced in Brazilian and European Portuguese was found crucial for the establishment of alink between the production of these fricatives and the colonization process of the geographic regions included in this research.Keywords: Fricatives; Syllabic coda; Acoustic analysis

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9

Masna, Z. "GENDER FEATURES OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF THE UPPER JAW." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 19, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.19.4.2020.44.

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The individual face shape, the ratio of its proportions, the articulation capabilities of each person to a significant extent depend on the characteristics of occlusion and occlusion, in turn, are determined by the size, shape and ratio of dental, alveolar and basal arches. Two of them - alveolar and basal - pass at the corresponding levels of the alveolar areas of the jaws, which means that it is almost impossible to correct them, therefore they play the role of landmarks for setting the dental arch during dental prosthetics. A full-fledged aesthetic and functional restoration of the maxillofacial region after prosthetics largely depends on the dentist taking into account the individual morphological characteristics of the jaws, their cellular areas and specifically the morphometric parameters of the collar and basal arches. In order to determine the possible variants of the shape of the alveolar and basal arches of the upper jaw and the patterns of their ratio during the routine dental examination, 55 people (27 men and 28 women) aged 21-60 years with preserved maxillary dentition were examined. It has been established that the alveolar and basal arches of the upper jaw can have the shape of five geometric shapes: an oval, a semicircle, an ellipse, a trapezoid or a square. In this case, the shape of the collar and basal arches can coincide or be combined in various combinations. The analysis of the obtained results showed that in men the alveolar arch most often had the shape of an oval (70%), in women - an oval or semicircle (43%, respectively). With the aim of possible variants of the alveolar and basal arches form determination and peculiarities of their correlation 55 individuals (27 men and 28 women) in age of 21-60 years with the preserved teeth row were examined during planned dental examination. All examined were patients of the “Dental clinic of dr. Dakhno” (Kyiv). Computer tomographic investigation was made to these patients according to medical indications, scanning was made parallely to the occlusal plane. Image reconstruction was conducted with the use of highly dimentional bone algorithm. Alveolar and basal arch form of the upper jaw were determined on the images. It was established that alveolar and basal arches of the upper jaw can have a form of five geometrical figures: oval, semicircle, ellipse, trapeze or square. Form of the alveolar and basal arches can match or can combine in different combinations. Received results analysis testified that alveolar arch has a form of the oval in men and oval or semicircle – in women. Basal arch in men also most frequently has a form of oval, less often – semicircle, square and trapeze. In women basal arch more often has a form of trapeze or semicircle, less often – oval or square. In men alveolar and basal arches form matched in 41% of cases, in women – only in 31% of cases among total amount of all examined individuals. Most often alveolar and basal arches matched in the form of oval and semicircle, only in one case arches of the trapeze form matched in man, in woman – square form. Maxillary alveolar and basal arches form variants analysis let to determine areas, where distance between alveolar crests was maximal. Most variable this index was in individuals with the oval form of the alveolar arch on the level of 16-26, 17-27 or 18-28 teeth. Peculiarities of the alveolar and basal arches form of the alveolar process of the upper jaw in male and female individuals are characterized with expressed individual variability. These peculiarities consideration during dental prosthesis let avoid series of complications connected with the pressure redistribution on the osseous tissue of the jaws during articulation.

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Saffar, Jean-Louis, Jean-Jacques Lasfargues, and Marc Cherruau. "Alveolar bone and the alveolar process: the socket that is never stable." Periodontology 2000 13, no. 1 (February 1997): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00096.x.

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11

Huja, S. S., S. A. Fernandez, K. J. Hill, and P. Gulati. "Indentation Modulus of the Alveolar Process in Dogs." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 3 (March 2007): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600308.

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One mechanism of bone adaptation is alteration in tissue level material properties. We hypothesized that alteration in the indentation modulus of the alveolar process is an adaptive response to the localized mechanical environment. Forty-eight specimens representing anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla and mandible were obtained from 6 mature male beagle dogs. The indentation properties of the alveolar bone proper and more distant osteonal cortical bone were estimated. The bone types were further divided into 3 regions (coronal, middle, and apical), with 27 indents being made in each region of tooth-supporting bone. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the indentation moduli of the jaws (maxilla/mandible), location (anterior/posterior), and bone type (alveolar bone proper vs. cortical bone). However, statistical interactions exist which preclude the simple interpretation of results. The distribution of relative stiffness provides a better understanding of bone adaptations in the alveolar process.

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Isaev, A. B., and K. Sh Babazade. "Gender and Typological Features of the Alveolar Process of the Maxilla." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-1-30-34.

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The aim of this research was to study gender and typological features of the morphometric parameters of the alveolar process of the maxilla in the mature population of the Republic of Azerbaijan.Material and methods. The study included 100 macerated mature male and female skulls reported in the certificates from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the department of human anatomy and medical terminology of the Azerbaijan medical university. The craniometric and variation-statistical methods were used in the study. Measurements were performed according to the generally accepted method using standard instruments for craniometry (Vernier caliper, caliper and a metal ruler). Cranial cuts in the frontal plane at the level of the upper canines, second premolars and molars were performed to measure the height and width of the alveolar ridge.Results. The results of morphometry demonstrated that the alveolar process of the maxilla has a pronounced gender dimorphism in males and females. Thus, in men morphometric parameters of the alveolar ridge (measured at different levels) are higher than in women. The alveolar ridge is statistically higher in leptoprozopes and mesoprozopes compared with euriprozopes at all studied levels.Conclusion. The height and width of the alveolar process of the maxilla have significant gender differences. Certain features of the width of the alveolar ridge have been detected for various forms of the facial part of the skull, but no evident relationship has been revealed.

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Sharma, Ashish, Sanjay Rastogi, Manish Shukla, Rupshikha Choudhury, Siddhi Tripathi, and Jawed Iqbal. "Use of Transgingival Lag Screw Osteosynthesis in the Management of Alveolar Process Fracture." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629906.

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The purpose of this study is to check the efficacy of transgingival lag screw osteosynthesis in alveolar process fractures of maxilla and mandible. A single-arm nonrandomized observational study was performed for the treatment of alveolar process fractures of maxilla and mandible. In this study, 20 mixed age group patients with alveolar process fracture were included. All the patients were treated by a 2.0-mm transgingival screw fixation under local or general anesthesia. All the patients were evaluated for fracture stability, anatomical reduction, bone loss and bone resorption of alveolar process, tooth loss, and wound infection at 3 months of follow-up. A simple descriptive statistical analysis was done to evaluate the parameters and it was shown that the treatment of alveolar process fracture with two or three lag screws provides adequate fracture stability and anatomical reduction with no signs of bone loss and tooth loss, and wound infections were noted post lag screw fixation. The study concludes that transgingival lag screw fixation is a suitable alternative for alveolar process fractures in all the age groups and two to three lag screws are generally sufficient to fix fractured alveolar process either under local anesthesia or general anesthesia.

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Hook, Gary E. R. "Alveolar Proteinosis and Phospholipidoses of the Lungs." Toxicologic Pathology 19, no. 4_part_1 (November 1991): 482–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623391019004-116.

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Three pulmonary disease conditions result from the accumulation of phospholipids in the lung. These conditions are the human lung disease known as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, the lipoproteinosis that arises in the lungs of rats during acute silicosis, and the phospholipidoses induced by numerous cationic amphiphilic therapeutic agents. In this paper, the status of phospholipid metabolism in the lungs during the process of each of these lung conditions has been reviewed and possible mechanisms for their establishment are discussed. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is characterized by the accumulation of tubular myelin-like multilamellated structures in the alveoli and distal airways of patients. These structures appear to be formed by a process of spontaneous assembly involving surfactant protein A and surfactant phospholipids. Structures similar to tubular myelin-like multilamellated structures can be seen in the alveoli of rats during acute silicosis and, as with the human condition, both surfactant protein A and surfactant phospholipids accumulate in the alveoli. Excessive accumulation of surfactant protein A and surfactant phospholipids in the alveoli could arise from their overproduction and hypersecretion by a subpopulation of Type II cells that are activated by silica, and possibly other agents. Phospholipidoses caused by cationic amphiphilic therapeutic agents arise as a result of their inhibition of phospholipid catabolism. Inhibition of phospholipases results in the accumulation of phospholipids in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and other cells. While inhibition of phospholipases by these agents undoubtedly occurs, there are many anomalous features, such as the accumulation of extracellular phospholipids and surfactant protein A, that cannot be accounted for by this simplistic hypothesis.

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Baral, Prakash, Rami Shrestha, Subash Sapkota, Sapana Koju, and Binod Chaudhari. "A Study of Anatomical Shape of arch projected by Alveolar Process of Maxillary and Mandibular Bone." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 13, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v13i2.30222.

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Introduction: Maxilla and Mandible have an alveolar process that bears socket for root of teeth. When the teeth fall or gets extracted there is resorption of alveolar process. The teeth alignment determines the shape of alveolar process. The objectives of the study was to assess the distribution pattern of anatomical shape of arch projected by alveolar process in Maxilla and Mandible and to compare the anatomy of arch amongst the population of Aryan and Mongoloid communities. Methodology: A total number of 856 people with intact anatomy of alveolar arch were included in the study. Anatomy of alveolar arches were assessed and noted for all. The brass wire was contoured according the shape of alveolar arch of patients and the shape was observed and noted down. Result: The study result showed there was significant difference in frequency distribution of ‘U’, ’V’ and ‘Ovoid’ shape alveolar arch form in maxilla and mandible. There was significant difference in distribution of ‘U’ and ‘V’ shape alveolar arch form in maxilla and ‘U’, ‘V’ and ‘Ovoid’ shape arch form in mandible between mongoloid and Aryan communities. Conclusion: ‘U’shape alveolar arch was seen more frequently in mandible where as “V” shape and ‘Ovoid’ shape arch in maxilla. ‘U’ shape alveolar arch was more frequently seen in Mongoloid communities and ‘V’ shape was more frequently seen in Aryan communities. There was no significant difference in comparison of frequency percentage of various types of arch form between the Male and Female.

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Nobuto, Takahiro, Kazuaki Yanagihara, Yoshihiro Teranishi, Shigeyoshi Minamibayashi, Hisao Imai, and Akira Yamaoka. "Periosteal Microvasculature in the Dog Alveolar Process." Journal of Periodontology 60, no. 12 (December 1989): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1989.60.12.709.

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Iatrou, Ioannis A., Minas D. Leventis, Panayotis E. Dais, and Konstantinos I. Tosios. "Peripheral Osteoma of the Maxillary Alveolar Process." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 18, no. 5 (September 2007): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31812f76d8.

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Clerici, Christine, and Carole Planès. "Gene regulation in the adaptive process to hypoxia in lung epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 296, no. 3 (March 2009): L267—L274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.90528.2008.

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Lung alveolar epithelial cells are normally very well oxygenated but may be exposed to hypoxia in many pathological conditions such as pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, or in some environmental conditions such ascent to high altitude. The ability of alveolar epithelial cells to cope with low oxygen tensions is crucial to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the alveolar epithelium. Alveolar epithelial cells appear to be remarkably tolerant to oxygen deprivation as they are able to maintain adequate cellular ATP content during prolonged hypoxic exposure when mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is limited. This property mostly relies on the ability of the cells to rapidly modify their gene expression program, stimulating the expression of genes involved in anaerobic energy supply and repressing expression of genes involved in some ATP-consuming cellular processes. This adaptive strategy of the cells is mostly, but not entirely, dependent on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), known to be responsible for orchestrating a large number of hypoxia-sensitive genes. This review focuses on the role of HIF isoforms expressed in alveolar epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia and on the specific hypoxic gene regulation that takes place in alveolar epithelial cells either through HIF-dependent or -independent pathways.

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Afonin, Igor' Sergeevich, Vladimir Iosifovich Apanasevich, Sergey Viktorovich Zinov'ev, Evgeniy Konstantinovich Papynov, Ivan Olegovich Evdokimov, Oleg Olegovich Shichalin, Viktor Vasil'evich Usov, Evgeniy Petrovich Kostiv, and Natal'ya Gennad'evna Plekhova. "MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF BONE TISSUE DURING IMPLANTATION OF DISPERSED BIOCOMPOSITE BASED ON WOLLASTONITE." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 4 (December 27, 2023): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2023-4-144-152.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure of the bone tissue surrounding a tooth under normal conditions, after tooth extraction and after placing wollastonite / hydroxyapatite scaffolds into the mandibular alveolus of a test animal (rabbit). Materials and Methods. Female New Zealand White rabbits (n=9), raised on a farm, were used as test animals. The animals were 12 months old, and weighed 1.7–3 kg. Surgeries were performed in a veterinary clinic in Vladivostok, under combined anesthesia. Mandibular lateral incisors were extracted in test animals. The surgery was followed by alveoli augmentation with wollastonite/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. After surgical procedures, the wounds were tightly sutured with nonabsorbable suture material (Vicryl, USA). Surgical wounds were debrided for 15 days (0.9 % NaCl solution). During first 24-hours after the operation, the animals were on a soft no chew diet. The rabbits were under dynamic observation throughout the experiment. Results. Alveoli augmentation of the extracted incisors with wollastonite / hydroxyapatite scaffolds had a positive effect on bone regeneration. It led to a significant restoration of the cortical plate thickness and preservation of the bone beams volume of the mandibular alveolar process. This is evidenced by the results of a morphological study of histologic specimen obtained from experimental subjects (mandibular alveolar process). No toxic effects on surrounding tissues were detected. Conclusion. The study allows us to confirm the bioactive qualities of the synthesized wollastonite/hydroxyapatite scaffolds and prove the lack of toxic side-effects on surrounding tissues.

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Makeev, A. V., O. Z. Topolnitsky, and R. N. Fedotov. "The use of various types of autografts in the bone grafting of the alveolar process." RUDN Journal of Medicine 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-1-69-74.

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Relevance. Fixing a cleft alveolar process is one of the most complicated problems in pediatric maxillofacial surgery. The difficulty lies in the fact that bone grafting of the alveolar process directly affects the growth of the upper jaw, the difficulty of performing surgery, as well as trying to form a sufficient amount of bone regenerate, while it is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity of the alveolar process for subsequent orthodontic treatment or dental implantation. Purpose: To review the literature on the use of autografts from various donor areas in patients with congenital cleft upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate. Materials and methods: A literature review of the data was carried out using the electronic databases “Medline”, “Pubmed”, “Kibeleninka”. The key words in the search were: bone plastic, cleft alveolar process. The selection criteria were the articles in English and Russian containing clinical studies on the use of various types of grafts in bone grafting of the alveolar process cleft. Results: The sources of literature on the use of various autografts for bone grafting of the alveolar outgrowth in children with cleft lip and palate were analyzed. Currently, most authors are inclined to use an iliac crest autograft in surgery. Conclusion: Although more than a century has passed since the first alveolar cleft bone graft surgery was performed, the choice of bone material is still unresolved - due to the severity of complications, the impossibility of taking a sufficient amount of bone material, as well as a high percentage of material resorption, because even with the use of iliac crest bone, the volume of transplant resorption can be over 40%.

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21

Winkler, Jonas, Anton Sculean, and Nikolaos Gkantidis. "Intraoral Scanners for In Vivo 3D Imaging of the Gingiva and the Alveolar Process." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 6389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216389.

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This study aimed to assess the reliability of two intraoral surface scanners for the representation of the alveolar process in vivo. Complete maxillary scans (CS 3600, Carestream and TRIOS 3, 3Shape) were repeatedly obtained from 13 fully dentate individuals. Scanner precision and agreement were tested using 3D surface superimpositions on the following reference areas: the buccal front teeth area, the entire dental arch, the entire alveolar process, or single teeth by applying an iterative closest point algorithm. Following each superimposition, the mean absolute distance (MAD) between predefined 3D model surfaces was calculated. Outcomes were analyzed through non-parametric statistics and the visualization of color-coded distance maps. When superimpositions were performed on the alveolar process, the median scanner precision was below 0.05 mm, with statistically significant but negligible differences between scanners. The agreement between the scanners was approximately 0.06 mm. When single-tooth superimpositions were used to assess the precision of adjacent alveolar soft-tissue surfaces, the median error was 0.028 mm, and there was higher agreement between the scanners. The in vivo reliability of the intraoral scanners in the alveolar surface area was high overall. Single-tooth superimpositions should be preferred for the optimal assessment of neighboring alveolar surface areas relative to the dentition.

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22

Diksha Agrawal, Priyanka Jaiswal, Prasad Dhadse, and Kashish Mangal. "Alveoloplasty: A Case Report of Recontouring The Alveolar Process." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4245.

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Alveoloplasty is one of the common pre-prosthetic surgical procedure carried out in dental surgical practice setups. A. T. Willard in 1853 advocated reduction of the alveolar ridge to bring about the complete proximity of soft tissues over the alveolus. Sir O. T. Dean first proposed “Intra-septal alveoloplasty” in the American Dental Association journal in 1936 so, named as Dean's alveoloplasty. The objective of Pre-prosthetic surgeries provide adequate bony tissue support for the placement of complete dentures. the characteristics of ideal denture base are adequate bony support with proper soft tissue coverage, no undercuts, no sharp ridges. Preprosthetic surgical treatment must begin with a thorough history and physical examination of the patient. The aim of the alveoloplasty procedure is used for recontouring of bony irregularities at the time of extractions or after initial healing. This case report illustrates case of a 71 year old healthy male. On examination who revealed irregular bony spicules on the edentulous ridge. After complete evaluation, alveoloplasty procedure was performed to smoothen the ridge. Proper diagnosis of the condition of edentulous ridges are important for successful fabrication of complete dentures. Every effort should be made to ensure that both the hard and soft tissues are developed in a form that will enhance the patient's ability to wear a denture.

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23

Matter, M. L., and G. W. Laurie. "A putative sub-10-kDa basement membrane activity required for lung alveolar formation in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 271, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): L489—L494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.3.l489.

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Basement membrane promotes the reassembly of isolated type II alveolar cells into alveoli-like structures, a process attributable in part to a novel cell adhesion site in the alpha 1-chain of laminin-1 (M. L. Matter and G. W. Laurie. J. Cell Biol. 124: 1083-1090, 1994). The possibility that basement membrane contains other alveolarization activities was probed by subtraction analysis and use of neutralizing antibodies. Deletion of components < 100 kDa, and subsequently < 10 kDa, reduced alveolar cross-sectional area by 70% to 22-25 x 10(3) microns2: the approximate size of alveolar-like structures formed on purified laminin-1 alone. The deleted basement membrane material was adhesive for type II alveolar cells but failed to support alveolar formation in the absence of laminin-1. Preincubation of basement membrane with neutralizing anti-epidermal growth factor (EGF), -basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), -insulin-like growth factor (IGF)II, or -transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta antibodies had no inhibitory effect. Because both subtracted basement membrane preparations have in common the exclusion of components < 10 kDa, these results are interpreted as pointing to a sub-10-kDa alveolarization activity(s) that plays a key accessory role in laminin-1-dependent alveolar formation.

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24

Mallaeva, A. B., and N. S. Drobysheva. "Features of the structure of the alveolar process in patients with gnatic form of mesial occlusion." Endodontics Today 18, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-3-15-25.

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Aim. To assess the size of the alveolar ridge / part of the jaws in patients with gnathic mesial occlusion of the dentition.Materials and methods. A study was carried out, during which we determined the structural features of the alveolar ridge of the upper and lower jaws of 50 adult patients (from 18 to 44 years old), and also studied the presence / absence of the relationship of this parameter with the inclination of the teeth.Results. The smallest thickness of the alveolar bone in the upper jaw was observed in the area of the mesio-buccal root of the first molars and in the area of the first premolars and canines. The smallest thickness of the alveolar bone in the lower jaw was observed in the area of the vestibular surface of the first and second premolars, canines and incisors. The greatest thickness of the alveolar bone is observed in the distal-buccal region of the second molars.Conclusions. A natural mechanism promotes dentoalveolar compensation, while maintaining the amount of bone in the region of the vestibular and lingual alveolar bones to maintain the integrity of the periodontium.

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25

Chen, S., D. Rittel, and K. Shemtov Yona. "The normal stiffness of the edentulous alveolar process." Bone Reports 14 (June 2021): 101066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101066.

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Triaca, Albino, Michele Antonini, Roger Minoretti, and Beat R. Merz. "Segmental distraction osteogenesis of the anterior alveolar process." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 59, no. 1 (January 2001): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/joms.2001.19270.

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27

Gaggl, Alexander, Günter Schultes, Siegrid Regauer, and Hans Kärcher. "Healing process after alveolar ridge distraction in sheep." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 90, no. 4 (October 2000): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.109159.

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28

Southard, Thomas E., Karin A. Southard, and Adam Lee. "Alveolar process fractal dimension and postcranial bone density." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 91, no. 4 (April 2001): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/moe.2001.112598.

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29

De Riu, Giacomo, Mario Silvio Meloni, Milena Pisano, Alessandro Baj, and Antonio Tullio. "Mandibular coronoid process grafting for alveolar ridge defects." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 114, no. 4 (October 2012): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2011.11.031.

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30

Nyárády, Z., E. Orsi, K. Nagy, L. Olasz, and J. Nyárády. "Transgingival lag-screw osteosynthesis of alveolar process fracture." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 39, no. 8 (August 2010): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2010.01.022.

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31

Stupnitsky, I. O., M. Rozhko, and R. Stupnitsky. "Morphology of restructuring of the bone tissue of the alveolar process of the junk in the area of the lost first molar." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 110, no. 1-2 (2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2022-1-2-62.

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Summary. The aim of the work was to study the morphological restructuring of the alveolar process of the jaw in the area of lost teeth, as a mechanism that causes local atrophy of the bone tissue in this area. In the course of the studies, it was found that the morphological manifestations of dysfunctional atrophy in each part of the alveolar process depend on the structural features of the bone tissue and physiological conditions. It should be noted that an increase in the process of bone tissue resorption in local dysfunctional atrophy occurs against the background of unchanged appositional growth of the alveolar process. Keywords: bone tissue, alveolar process, microsection, morphological structure

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32

Hirata, T., P. B. Bitterman, J. F. Mornex, and R. G. Crystal. "Expression of the transferrin receptor gene during the process of mononuclear phagocyte maturation." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 4 (February 15, 1986): 1339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.4.1339.

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Abstract The expression of transferrin receptors by blood monocytes, human alveolar macrophages, and in vitro matured macrophages was evaluated by immunofluorescence, radioligand binding, and Northern analysis, using the monoclonal anti-human transferrin receptor antibody OKT9, [125I]-labeled human transferrin and a [32P]-labeled human transferrin receptor cDNA probe, respectively. By immunofluorescence, the majority of alveolar macrophages expressed transferrin receptors (86 +/- 3%). The radioligand binding assay demonstrated the affinity constant (Ka) of the alveolar macrophage transferrin receptor was 4.4 +/- 0.7 X 10(8) M-1, and the number of receptors per cell was 4.4 +/- 1.2 X 10(4). In marked contrast, transferrin receptors were not present on the surface or in the cytoplasm of blood monocytes, the precursors of the alveolar macrophages. However, when monocytes were cultured in vitro and allowed to mature, greater than 80% expressed transferrin receptors by day 6, and the receptors could be detected by day 3. Consistent with these observations, a transferrin receptor mRNA with a molecular size of 4.9 kb was demonstrated in alveolar macrophages and in vitro matured macrophages but not in blood monocytes. Thus, although blood monocytes do not express the transferrin receptor gene, it is expressed by mature macrophages, an event that probably occurs relatively early in the process of monocyte differentiation to macrophages.

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33

Masurkar, Deepika, Priyanka Jaiswal, and Diksha Agrawal. "Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 38 (September 20, 2021): 3462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/701.

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Resorbed alveolar ridges, which can be horizontal or vertical in size, are one of the most prevalent issues addressed by dental experts. One of the therapy options for addressing the weak sections of the alveolar ridges is alveolar distraction osteogenesis. Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is a biological process that includes gradual traction between vascularized bone segments in order to generate new bone. Typically, an osteotomy is done, followed by the placement of an osteodistraction device to manage the separating process. This approach eliminates the need for bone grafts by producing the same quality and shape of bone. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) causes soft tissue to develop as new bone is formed on the deficient ridge. Because this treatment restores bone height, lengthier dental implants can be placed. In this work, we cover ride augmentation and the numerous procedures used to repair a resorbed alveolar ridge. It emphasises the relevance of alveolar distraction osteogenesis and provides a brief history of the procedure based on existing information. To summarise, distraction osteogenesis proved efficient in increasing the alveolar ridge and ensuring dental implant recovery. KEY WORDS Distraction osteogenesis, stages of distraction osteogenesis, advantages and disadvantages of distraction osteogenesis.

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Kolesnyk T. V. "ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY IN THE PREVENTION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES TISSUE. MYTHS OR THEIR EFFICIENCY." World Science, no. 9(37) (September 30, 2018): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30092018/6136.

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We have considered and proved that phospholipase model periodontitis considerably aggravates bone resorption of the alveolar process and flow in rats. Also in modeling disease decreased antioxidant defenses. At the same time as the application of complex preventive effectively prevent violations in the pulp, gums, alveolar process, prevented bone resorption of the alveolar process and the development of inflammatory processes in animal models.

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Tsujino, Kazuyuki, John T. Li, Tatsuya Tsukui, Xin Ren, Latifa Bakiri, Erwin Wagner, and Dean Sheppard. "Fra-2 negatively regulates postnatal alveolar septation by modulating myofibroblast function." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 313, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): L878—L888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00062.2017.

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Mice that globally overexpress the transcription factor Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) develop extensive pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling. To determine if these phenotypes are a consequence of ectopic Fra-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, we generated mice that overexpress Fra-2 specifically in these cell types (α-SMA-rtTA;tetO-Fra-2). Surprisingly, these mice did not develop vascular remodeling or pulmonary fibrosis but did develop a spontaneous emphysema-like phenotype characterized by alveolar enlargement. Secondary septa formation is an important step in the normal development of lung alveoli, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-expressing fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) play a crucial role in this process. The mutant mice showed reduced numbers of secondary septa at postnatal day 7 and enlarged alveolae starting at postnatal day 12, suggesting impairment of secondary septa formation. Lineage tracing using α-SMA-rtTA mice crossed to a floxed TdTomato reporter revealed that embryonic expression of α-SMA Cre marked a population of cells that gave rise to nearly all alveolar myofibroblasts. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses (RNA sequencing) demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of genes whose expression was significantly altered by overexpression of Fra-2 in myofibroblasts encoded secreted proteins, components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and cell adhesion-associated genes, including coordinate upregulation of pairs of integrins and their principal ECM ligands. In addition, primary myofibroblasts isolated from the mutant mice showed reduced migration capacity. These findings suggest that Fra-2 overexpression might impair myofibroblast functions crucial for secondary septation, such as myofibroblast migration across alveoli, by perturbing interactions between integrins and locally produced components of the ECM.

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36

Yu, Sun Kyoung, Heeju Kim, Myoung Hwa Lee, Seog Kim, and Heung Joong Kim. "Angulation between Long Axis of Anterior Teeth and Alveolar Process, and Thickness of Alveolar Bone." Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 25, no. 1 (2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2012.25.1.23.

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37

Gerberick, G. F., H. A. Jaffe, J. B. Willoughby, and W. F. Willoughby. "Relationships between pulmonary inflammation, plasma transudation, and oxygen metabolite secretion by alveolar macrophages." Journal of Immunology 137, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.137.1.114.

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Abstract We have previously shown that alveolar macrophages from normal rabbit lungs do not synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates unless first conditioned by culture in vitro in the presence of serum for 24 to 48 hr. This conditioning process is mediated by a serum constituent that partitions on gel exclusion columns with an apparent m.w. of 30,000 to 50,000 daltons. Alveolar macrophage conditioning in vitro requires protein synthesis, is associated with the generation of membrane NADPH oxidase activity, and is reversible. We have predicted therefore that during the course of pulmonary inflammation, as observed 3 wk after i.v. injection of M. butyricum in oil, alveolar macrophages might similarly become conditioned in vivo through exposure to plasma protein transudates reaching the alveolus. In support of this hypothesis we show that after experimental production of granulomatous pulmonary inflammation in rabbits, alveolar macrophages showed an augmented capacity to secrete superoxide anion when stimulated with phorbol ester, and this enhancement increases exponentially with increased plasma transudation. This augmented enhancement was reversible, and decreased after culture in vitro in the absence of serum. Mature alveolar macrophages were responsible for this enhanced superoxide anion production rather than freshly emigrated monocytes. Moreover, superoxide anion production in this model of pulmonary inflammation appears to be an "all-or-none" phenomenon, with superoxide anion production associated with a subpopulation of optimally conditioned alveolar macrophages, whereas the remaining unconditioned alveolar macrophages produce little or none. We feel that these two classes of alveolar macrophages may be derived from inflamed and noninflamed regions of the lung, respectively, thereby reflecting the discontinuous nature of the inflammatory lesions themselves. Thus we propose that measurements of reactive oxygen intermediate production by lavaged alveolar macrophages may provide a semi-quantitative measure of chronic pulmonary inflammation.

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Narasaraju, Teluguakula, Indira Neeli, Sheila L. Criswell, Amita Krishnappa, Wenzhao Meng, Vasuki Silva, Galyna Bila, et al. "Neutrophil Activity and Extracellular Matrix Degradation: Drivers of Lung Tissue Destruction in Fatal COVID-19 Cases and Implications for Long COVID." Biomolecules 14, no. 2 (February 17, 2024): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14020236.

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Pulmonary fibrosis, severe alveolitis, and the inability to restore alveolar epithelial architecture are primary causes of respiratory failure in fatal COVID-19 cases. However, the factors contributing to abnormal fibrosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients remain unclear. This study analyzed the histopathology of lung specimens from eight COVID-19 and six non-COVID-19 postmortems. We assessed the distribution and changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including elastin and collagen, in lung alveoli through morphometric analyses. Our findings reveal the significant degradation of elastin fibers along the thin alveolar walls of the lung parenchyma, a process that precedes the onset of interstitial collagen deposition and widespread intra-alveolar fibrosis. Lungs with collapsed alveoli and organized fibrotic regions showed extensive fragmentation of elastin fibers, accompanied by alveolar epithelial cell death. Immunoblotting of lung autopsy tissue extracts confirmed elastin degradation. Importantly, we found that the loss of elastin was strongly correlated with the induction of neutrophil elastase (NE), a potent protease that degrades ECM. This study affirms the critical role of neutrophils and neutrophil enzymes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Consistently, we observed increased staining for peptidyl arginine deiminase, a marker for neutrophil extracellular trap release, and myeloperoxidase, an enzyme-generating reactive oxygen radical, indicating active neutrophil involvement in lung pathology. These findings place neutrophils and elastin degradation at the center of impaired alveolar function and argue that elastolysis and alveolitis trigger abnormal ECM repair and fibrosis in fatal COVID-19 cases. Importantly, this study has implications for severe COVID-19 complications, including long COVID and other chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders.

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Salem, Cinthya Quisiguiña, Emilio Ruiz Delgado, Pablo A. Crespo Reinoso, and James Jerez Robalino. "Alveolar ridge preservation: A review of concepts and controversies." National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 14, no. 2 (2023): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_224_22.

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ABSTRACT The loss of thickness and height of the alveolar process after tooth extraction is a significant impediment to implant placement, which limits the aesthetic results of many restorative treatments. Alveolar ridge preservation can reduce bone resorption. Knowing how beneficial this procedure is can help clinicians decide if it is worth doing. The purpose of this article is to present a contemporary review of the different approaches to preserving the dimensions of the alveolar ridge. We analyze the alveolar healing process, atraumatic extraction techniques, graft materials, and controversies.

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40

Foster, Jennifer J., Kelli L. Goss, Caroline L. S. George, Peter J. Bangsund, and Jeanne M. Snyder. "Galectin-1 in secondary alveolar septae of neonatal mouse lung." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 291, no. 6 (December 2006): L1142—L1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00054.2006.

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In mice, alveolarization occurs during postnatal days 4 through 12, when secondary alveolar septae create thin-walled alveoli in the distal lung. We hypothesized that genes predominantly expressed in newly forming secondary alveolar septae influence the process of alveolarization. To address this hypothesis, tips of secondary alveolar septae were isolated from sections of postnatal day 6 mouse lung tissue using laser capture microdissection. Total RNA was isolated and amplified from the dissected alveolar septal tips and from intact postnatal day 6 lung tissue. Gene expression in the samples was characterized using Affymetrix mouse U74AN2 GeneChips. Galectin-1 was an abundantly expressed transcript that was enriched in the alveolar septal tips compared with levels in the whole lung tissue. Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in fibroblasts, muscle cells and endothelial cells, cell types that are present in the alveolar wall. Immunostaining in postnatal day 6 lung tissue confirmed that galectin-1 protein is concentrated in the tips of secondary alveolar septae, predominantly in myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts isolated from day 6 neonatal mouse lung tissue contained galectin-1 protein. Real-time PCR demonstrated that galectin-1 mRNA levels in mouse lung tissue peak at postnatal day 6. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that peak levels of lung galectin-1 protein are found at postnatal days 6 to 12. The increased expression of galectin-1 at the site and time of ongoing alveolarization in the newborn mouse is suggestive that galectin-1 may play an important role in this critical aspect of lung development.

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41

Zhang, Xuetao, Jian Mao, Yufeng Zhou, Fangqiu Ji, and Xianshuai Chen. "Study on statics and fatigue analysis of dental implants in the descending process of alveolar bone level." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 8 (May 19, 2020): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920926080.

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Alveolar bone atrophy can directly cause a decrease in bone level. The effect of this process on the service life of dental implants is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the failure forms of the two-piece dental implants in the descending process of alveolar bone level, and the specific states of the components during the failure process. The CAD software SolidWorks was used to establish the model of alveolar bone and dental implants in this article. The finite element analysis was used to analyze the statics of the dental implants in the host oral model. The finite element analysis results showed that the stress concentration point of the implant and abutment in the implant system has changed greatly during the descending process of alveolar bone level, and indirectly increased the fatigue life of the same fatigue risk point. At the same time, the dental implants were tested in vitro in the descending process of alveolar bone level. Then, the fracture of the implant system was scanned by scanning electron microscope. The fatigue test results proved the finite element analysis hypothesis the central screw first fractured under fatigue and then caused an overload break of the implant and abutment.

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42

Donati, Yves, Sanja Blaskovic, Isabelle Ruchonnet-Métrailler, Josefina Lascano Maillard, and Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo. "Simultaneous isolation of endothelial and alveolar epithelial type I and type II cells during mouse lung development in the absence of a transgenic reporter." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 318, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): L619—L630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00227.2019.

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Mouse lung developmental maturation and final alveolarization phase begin at birth. During this dynamic process, alveolar cells modify their morphology and anchorage to the extracellular matrix. In particular, alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) type I undergo cytoplasmic flattening and folding to ensure alveoli lining. We developed FACS conditions for simultaneous isolation of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells in the absence of specific reporters during the early and middle alveolar phase. We evidenced for the first time a pool of extractable epithelial cell populations expressing high levels of podoplanin at postnatal day (pnd)2, and we confirmed by RT-qPCR that these cells are already differentiated but still immature AEC type I. Maturation causes a decrease in isolation yields, reflecting the morphological changes that these cell populations are undergoing. Moreover, we find that major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), reported as a good marker of AEC type II, is poorly expressed at pnd2 but highly present at pnd8. Combined experiments using LysoTracker and MHCII demonstrate the de novo acquisition of MCHII in AEC type II during lung alveolarization. The lung endothelial populations exhibit FACS signatures from vascular and lymphatic compartments. They can be concomitantly followed throughout alveolar development and were obtained with a noticeable increased yield at the last studied time point (pnd16). Our results provide new insights into early lung alveolar cell isolation feasibility and represent a valuable tool for pure AEC type I preparation as well as further in vitro two- and three-dimensional studies.

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LANGEN, HEINZ-JAKOB, ROBERT FUHRMANN, PETER DIEDRICH, and ROLF W. G??NTHER. "Diagnosis of Infra-Alveolar Bony Lesions in the Dentate Alveolar Process with High-Resolution Computed Tomography." Investigative Radiology 30, no. 7 (July 1995): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199507000-00005.

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44

Rychlik, Dariusz, and Piotr Wójcicki. "Bone Graft Healing in Alveolar Osteoplasty in Patients With Unilateral Lip, Alveolar Process, and Palate Clefts." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 23, no. 1 (January 2012): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e318240faa0.

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45

Robiony, Massimo, Corrado Toro, Suzanne U. Stucki-McCormick, Nicoletta Zerman, Fabio Costa, and Massimo Politi. "The “FAD” (Floating Alveolar Device): A bidirectional distraction system for distraction osteogenesis of the alveolar process." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62 (September 2004): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2004.06.039.

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46

Kaur, Jaspreet, Avreet Sandhu, Rupinder Kaur, Anjali Bhagat, Nidhi Kaushal, and Gaganpreet Kaur. "A Case Report of Fracture of the Segment of Maxillary Alveolar Process Involving Primary Incisors." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 1 (February 2024): S996—S998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_981_23.

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ABSTRACT Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) have significant long-term consequences for the oral cavity’s hard and soft tissues. Alveolar process fractures are particularly complicated. This case report describes the management and 12-month follow-up of a segmental maxillary alveolar process fracture involving laterally luxated primary incisors. A case of a 4-year-old boy was reported to the hospital 1 hour after an accidental fall at school, which resulted in a fracture of the maxillary alveolar process. Emergency treatment consisted of fracture reduction and repositioning of the primary incisors, followed by a semirigid splint between maxillary canines. The splints were removed at the end of week 4, and the affected primary incisors remained asymptomatic.

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47

Abas, I. "Implant positioned buccally of the alveolar process; a complication." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 123, no. 02 (February 6, 2016): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2016.02.15143.

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48

Sebaoun, Jean-David, and Olivier Weissenbach. "Surgical alveolar corticotomy a process accelerating orthodontic teeth displacements." Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics 12, no. 1 (March 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odfen/2008051.

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49

Southard, Thomas E., Karin A. Southard, Jane R. Jakobsen, Stephen L. Hillis, and Christopher A. Najim. "Fractal dimension in radiographic analysis of alveolar process bone." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 82, no. 5 (November 1996): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(96)80205-8.

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50

Bertz, James E. "Surgical treatment of cleft lip, palate and alveolar process." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (August 1991): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90528-t.

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