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Статті в журналах з теми "Aluminum cans Recycling"
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Shoag, Md, and M. F. Rahman. "Using Recycling Aluminum Cans as Composite Materials Aluminum Fiber." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012028.
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Abstract The sustained and developing construction industry needs a vast amount of material because it is becoming more extensive and sustainable day by day. Problems are also increasing in line with development. Many advanced composite materials and solutions are coming up in the current construction industry to solve these problems. However, these require more comfortable and extensive use. For that, we have to find out cheap and sustainable materials. This research paper aims to combine advanced materials and solutions to create more sustainable solutions and new material. That will enrich the industry and increase more use in the path of development of the construction industry. The factors that have to consider in doing so, these materials and solutions are how much economical, available in the market, able to solve chronic problems, easier to use, and sustainability. Recycled aluminum cans are going to be the material for this study.
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FUJISAWA, Kazuhisa, Takayuki KOGISHI, Kenji OOSUMI, and Takashi NAKAMURA. "Recycling. Swell-Peeling Method for Paints on Aluminum Cans." Shigen-to-Sozai 113, no. 12 (1997): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.113.1106.
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Prieto Martínez, V., J. Torres Torres, and A. Flores Valdés. "Recycling of aluminum beverage cans for metallic foams manufacturing." Journal of Porous Materials 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2016): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0307-8.
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Zulaida, Yeni Muriani, Prindo Kepta Prasetya, Tri Partuti, and Agus Pramono. "Homogenization Process for Aluminum As-Cast from Waste of Beverage Cans." Materials Science Forum 1057 (March 31, 2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1a44tz.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development an ingot originated from the waste of aluminum product had many the advantages and could reduce the cost of aluminum metal production compared to primary process from ore. In this research used the waste of beverage aluminum cans One of the manufacturing methods conducted recycling aluminum waste is the casting process, Commonly, the problem with this casting process was that they are not homogeneous in the as-cast due to segregation. So that in this study a homogenization process on recycling aluminum castings would be carried out to obtain more homogeneous mechanical properties and microstructure. The variables that influence during the homogenization process was heating temperature and holding time. The heating temperature for this was in range from 450 C to 550 C, and the holding time was 2 to 4 hours. Further the effect of the parameter would observe. The observation included mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and hardness, and Microstructure of the ingot. The operation temperature and holding time influenced to grain size and hardness of Aluminum. In general, increasing homogenization temperature would reduce mechanical properties.
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TASHIRO, Yasushi, and Kensuke OHNISHI. "Recycling and Environmental problem. Trial of LCA on aluminum cans." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 46, no. 11 (1996): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.46.607.
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Зибайло, С. М., Н. Г. Банник, and В. Г. М'ячин. "COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT RECYCLING ALUMINUM CANS FOR PACKING OF FOOD PRODUCTS." Proceedings of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 20, no. 1 (2020): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2078-0877-20-1-59-72.
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a, Ajisegiri, Musa S., Makanjuola b, and Samson A. "ALUMINUM WASTE CANS RECYCLING IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA: ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER BENEFITS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study empirically evaluated the environmental (water and soil) benefits of aluminum waste cans recycling in Lagos State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from three locations using a soil auger the locations were aluminum at the recycling site, soil 100m away from the recycling site, and soil 150m away from the recycling site. From each location, three soil samples were collected and taken to the laboratory for analysis of soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents using standard methods. Similarly, a random sampling technique was employed to collect 3 borehole water samples 100m away from the recycling site and 150m away from the recycling site using 750 millimeters of a SMART plastic container. The collected water samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis of heavy metals using standard methods. The results obtained revealed that high contents of physio-chemical properties of OC (2.96%), Ca (10.92 cmol/kg), Mg (0.77 cmol/kg), K (0.24 cmol/kg), Na (0.57 cmol/kg), exchange acidity (0.33 cmol/kg) and ECEC (12.46 cmol/kg) were found in soil 100m away from the recycling site. Also high content of Av. P (23.27 mg/kg) was found in soil 150m away from the recycling. The contents of OC, P, Ca, Mg, K, and ECEC increase with distance away from the recycling site. No significant variations were found in the contents of OC, TN, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, ,Al and ECEC (p>0.05). The content of Fe (223.87 mg/kg) was found to be high at the aluminum waste cans recycling site (discharge point) and low in soil 150m away from the recycling site while high Mn (2.62 mg/kg) content was found in soil 150m away from the recycling site and low in soil 100m away from the recycling point. The contents of Fe, Mn, Pb,Cd and Zn were withwhomWHO maximum permissible level indicating low concentration in the soil. A negative and significant association was observed between Zn and Cd (rho = -0.812, p<0.05). High Fe (259.18 mg/L), Pb (2.49 m,g/L) and Zn (16.01 mg/L) contents were found in the wastewater (discharge point), while high Mn (56.42 mg/L) content was found in the borehole water sample. The contents of Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were the above WHO permissible limit. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the government should set up modalities to control the discharge of substances into the soil and water.
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Skuibida, Olena. "GREEN ALUMINUM: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS." Grail of Science, no. 18-19 (September 4, 2022): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.26.08.2022.29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to its properties aluminum is a vital resource for circular economy and zero waste technologies, recycling and sustainability. Recycling aluminum provides an opportunity to decrease carbon dioxide emissions by replacing primary aluminum. Recycling of aluminum requires nearly 5% of energy needed for primary production, that results in greenhouse gases emissions of 0,5 tons of CO2e. Recycled aluminum’s main route is for production of casting alloys. With proper metallurgical processing scrape and aluminum waste can be used to make almost any product: wheels, chassis, transmissions in transport sector; facades, windows, doors in construction; cans, foil in packaging; solar panels, wind farms, aluminum-ion batteries in renewable energy and so on.
For alloys made from secondary raw materials, beside the creation of a protective layer on the surface of the melt, which prevents its saturation with hydrogen and oxides during contact with the furnace atmosphere, it is important to ensure effective chemical destruction of oxides on the surface of microvolumes of aluminum melt and decrease the content of hydrogen and other dissolved gases. High efficiency in treatment of aluminum alloys made from scrape and waste has shown the modification, which is carried out to improve the structure (grinding grains, dendritic branches, structural components, dispersing particles of the secondary phases, giving them a favorable shape, etc.) and obtain the material with necessary mechanical and service properties.
When choosing a composition for both flux refining and modification, it is necessary to take into account not only materials science aspects of the problem, but also the impact of their composition on the health and safety of production personnel, city residents and the environment.
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Chikowore, Noleen R., and John M. Kerr. "A Qualitative Inquiry into Collecting Recyclable Cans and Bottles as a Livelihood Activity at Football Tailgates in the United States." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deposit refund program for the return of beverage containers in some U.S. states has led to recycling as a means of earning income. Michigan’s 10-cent aluminum can and bottle refund, which is the highest in the U.S., makes recycling for income particularly attractive. This study explores the factors that enable or constrain the livelihood activity of people who collect cans and bottles at football tailgating parties, focusing on the motivation behind choices and the factors that enhance or constrain their activities. Maximum variation (heterogeneity) sampling, a purposeful sampling method, was used to recruit participants from different races, genders, and age groups. Data were collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the income from this livelihood activity was an important survival strategy for those who engage in it. Other significant sources of motivation include contributing to environmental stewardship and recognition for doing so. Differences in capital assets such as social networks, physical strength, skills, and access to equipment led to differences in people’s ability to earn income from collecting cans and bottles. Some challenges restricted their activities, including accessing shopping carts and public buses to transport the cans and limitations imposed on the number of cans that canners can redeem at the redemption centers.
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Sudia, Budiman, Aminur, Raden Rinova Sisworo, Ridway Balaka, Citra Yurnidarsyah, Sudarsono, Samhuddin, and La Hasanudin. "Pengenalan Aplikasi Pengecoran Logam Berbahan Dasar Sampah Kemasan Kaleng Untuk Pembuatan Produk Wajan Bagi Masyarakat Kota Kendari." Indonesian Journal of Community Services 1, no. 1 (May 15, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijcs.v1i1.534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the classic problems that are difficult to overcome in urban life is environmental problems where waste is not handled properly, especially inorganic waste. Currently, the largest contributor to waste after organic waste is inorganic waste in the form of canned waste. The use of aluminum as a packaging material is due to its being lightweight, easy to shape, and does not endanger human health. On that basis, its use as packaging is widespread which also triggers the forerunner of the waste problem in people's lives. Aluminum waste will be a source of income for the community if it is handled properly by involving waste processing technology in the form of recycling technology through metal smelting or casting. This service program aims to introduce metal casting applications made from canned waste into frying pan products for the community in Lepo-Lepo, Kendari City. The activity stages include: socializing the introduction of aluminum-based cans of packaging waste and the practice of smelting aluminum cans in a crucible furnace and pouring molten metal into molds. The implementation of this service activity can raise awareness of participants to be able to process waste, especially aluminum can packaging into frying pan products, and create new jobs to improve the welfare of the local community.
Книги з теми "Aluminum cans Recycling"
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Metal cans. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2011.
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Recycling a can. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2002.
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Reciclagem e sociedade: Uma abordagem social da análise do ciclo de vida das latas de alumínio. Belém, Pará: Editora Universitária UFPA, 2006.
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Recycling a can. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2003.
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Nicholls, Mikal Harry. Pacific Northwest recycling initiatives economics vs. energy savings. 1988, 1988.
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Gitlitz, Jennifer S. Trashed cans: The global environmental impacts of aluminum can wasting in America. Container Recycling Institute, 2002.
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Adventures of an Aluminum Can. Little Simon, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Aluminum cans Recycling"
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Bin Mokaizh, Aiman Awadh, and Jun Haslinda Binti Haji Shariffuddin. "Manufacturing of Nanoalumina by Recycling of Aluminium Cans Waste." In Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing, 851–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68031-2_30.
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Oosumi, Kenji. "Influence of paint on recycling of Aluminum used beverage cans." In Ecomaterials, 197–200. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8381-4.50051-2.
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Engh, Thorvald Abel, Geoffrey K. Sigworth, and Anne Kvithyld. "Remelting and Addition of Alloy Components." In Principles of Metal Refining and Recycling, 405–49. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811923.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses our scientific understanding of alloying. Class I alloy additions have a melting point lower than the bulk melt temperature, whereas class II additions have a melting point higher than the bulk melt temperature. This means that magnesium is a class I element when added to aluminium, and silicon and manganese are class II alloy additions. An energy conservation model for melting is presented and compared to measurements. A numerical model is presented for continuous feeding and melting of aluminium plates into aluminium melt. For class II alloy additions it is shown from the literature that the melting rate can be strongly affected by the formation of intermetallic phases during the melting process. Therefore, it is virtually impossible to put up a general model for the melting of these types of alloying elements. Safety regarding alloying operations is also addressed.
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I. Abu-Eishah, Samir, Manal D.M. Raheem, Fatma A.S. Aljasmi, Fatima M.O. Alameri, Amna G.R. Alblooshi, and Intesar F.R. Alnahdi. "A Zero-Waste Process for the Treatment of Spent Potliner (SPL) Waste." In Current Topics in Recycling [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99055.
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This work presents a deep analyses of an environmentally friendly process to recover all valuable minerals contained in the spent potliner (SPL) such as graphite carbon and aluminum fluoride (AlF3) and production of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and gypsum (CaSO4) when H2SO4 is used as the leaching agent. The level of emission of hazardous gases such as HCN (weak acid) and HF are minimized by direct scrubbing of the HCN in aqueous AgNO3 solution to produce a stable silver cyanide (AgCN) product. The HF can be recovered as a liquid by condensation and used within the process and/or in production of metal fluorides such as the highly-soluble potassium fluoride (KF); a main source of fluoride in industry. Almost pure CO2 gas is also recovered from the process gas streams.
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Joseph D., Robson. "Dispersoid Precipitation in Aluminum Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000252.
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Dispersoid particles are critical to the control of recrystallization and grain growth behavior during thermomechanical processing of wrought aluminum alloys. The precipitation of dispersoids has some unique characteristics that must be considered to understand the microstructure and properties obtained in the final product. Dispersoids precipitate from a segregated cast structure and therefore are inhomogeneously distributed within a grain. They often precipitate from other phases that form during heating and then redissolve. Finally, their precipitation is often in competition with other microstructural processes, for example, a change in composition of the constituent phases. Understanding these factors is critical to control dispersoid precipitation. Furthermore, the increasing demand to replace primary aluminum with recycled material requires careful control of the dispersoid-forming elements, which tend to accumulate during recycling. Small changes in the amounts of these additions can have a large effect on recrystallization behavior and hence texture and properties.
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Tammemagi, Hans. "Recycling and Composting: Making a Molehill Out of a Mountain." In The Waste Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128987.003.0008.
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Recycling, which includes composting, is the current rage. Almost every community in North America has established some kind of recycling program in the past few years. This chapter focuses on the science and technologies that are involved in recycling programs and explores what is needed to make these programs successful. This section describes the part of recycling that is associated with blue-box or streetside programs. It includes paper, cardboard, metal, aluminum, and plastics; composting is described in the next section. A successful waste recycling program relies on more than a systematic application of equipment and other resources. It also depends very significantly on attitude. It is vital that everyone participate. To achieve a meaningful level of participation, some degree of legislative guidance may be necessary. In fact, studies have shown that mandatory recycling programs are much more effective than those run on a voluntary basis (Platt et al., 1991). Legislation or bylaws can also be used to • stipulate that soft-drink, beer, wine, and other bottles be Reused • require the use of recycled material in manufacturing new products • avoid excessive packaging • reduce tipping fees for recyclable or compostable materials brought to designated drop-off sites • set higher tipping fees for waste from which recyclables have not been removed • ban the landfilling of certain substances, such as yard wastes Public education is an indispensable part of an integrated waste management system. First, the public must be informed of the details that involve them: what days pickups are made, how to obtain recycle containers, what materials can be recycled, how they are to be sorted, and so on. This information can be disseminated by flyers, newsletters, ads in the local paper, features on local television channels, and telephone hot lines. Second, an ethic of conservation should be instilled so that people will want to participate in three Rs programs. Methods of achieving this objective include videos and slide shows at schools, posters, buttons, and awards to businesses and groups that make outstanding contributions to recycling.
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Jordan, Carl F. "The Interface Between Economics and Nutrient Cycling in Amazon Land Development." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0013.
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Most of the terra firme soils in the Amazon are highly weathered, highly leached, have low capacity for retaining nutrients against the continual leaching and weathering of the tropical climate, and are classified as Oxisols and Ultisols, soil types with extremely low fertility (see Cuevas, this volume). The naturally occurring forests of the region maintain a high production of wood and leaves through very efficient recycling of nutrients from decomposing litter to roots in a root-humus layer on top of the mineral soil or near its surface. The decomposing litter is important not only as a source of nutrients, but as a source of organic acids which prevent phosphorus fixation in the iron- and aluminium-rich soils of the Amazon. When forests on Amazonian terra firme soils are cut and burned, and the soils used for agriculture, litter, and humus are rapidly oxidized and destroyed. As a result, the potassium remaining from the original forest is quickly leached, the nitrogen is volatilized, and the phosphorus is immobilized in the mineral soil. This is one of the most important reasons that crop production can be carried out for only a few years under shifting cultivation. It is not just small scale agriculture that is limited by the low fertility of Amazonian soils. In the past, almost all types of development that destroy the nutrient conserving mechanisms of the forest have suffered financially. Two examples are given here to illustrate. In 1967, one of the largest conversions of tropical forest to pulp plantation began near the junction of the Jarí and Amazon rivers, in the state of Pará, Brazil (Time, 1976). The “Jarí” project was initiated and financed by Daniel K. Ludwig, one of the world’s richest men, and owner of numerous international corporations. Ludwig had anticipated a global shortage of wood fiber for pulp, and to meet this shortage, he and his advisors selected a site that they believed had high potential for pulp production (Time 1979, Kinkead 1981). By 1981, the total investment in the 12,000 km2 tract of land was approximately $1 billion (Kinkead 1981). Ludwig’s advisors recommended melina (Gmelina arborea) as the best species to plant.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Aluminum cans Recycling"
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Furrer, Peter. "Recycling of Aluminium in Cars - Today and Tomorrow." In 1995 Total Life Cycle Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951846.
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Antrekowitsch, H., G. Hanko, and P. Paschen. "Recycling of Aluminium and Magnesium Parts from Used Cars: Legislative Frame and Consequences for Metallurgy and Material Design." In 2001 Environmental Sustainability Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3778.
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Rakita, Milan, and Qingyou Han. "Simulation of Solidification Defects for Prediction of Dross Formation in Aluminum 5182 Remelt Secondary Ingot." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84160.
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In aluminum recycling about 4% on average is lost on oxidation and dross. However, large percent of remelt secondary ingots (RSI) produce much more dross after remelting. It is rather surprising that no dross can be detected in the RSI, but after remelting some parts of apparently ‘healthy’ aluminum can give up to 80% of dross. This raises question how dross gets formed. Recent research proposes that the formation of dross after remelting of the RSI is closely related to the solidification process in the ingot, specifically the formation of shrinkage porosity, hydrogen porosity, and hot tearing. Under these circumstances, dross comes from oxidized surfaces of those defects. In this paper, simulations of the RSI cooling down show susceptibility of ingots towards shrinkage porosity and hot tearing, which are in accordance with experimental findings. Simulations also show that dross is more likely to form with increased temperature of the mold and increased thickness of the ingot. The only efficient solution for the problem of dross formation, however, seems to be a change in geometry of the mold.
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Gundupalli Paulraj, Sathish, Subrata Hait, and Atul Thakur. "Automated Municipal Solid Waste Sorting for Recycling Using a Mobile Manipulator." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59842.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW), generated at an unprecedented rate due to rapid urbanization and industrialization contains useful recyclable materials like metals, plastic, wood, etc. Recycling of useful materials from MSW in the developing countries is severely constrained by limited door-to-door collection and poor means of segregation. Recovery of recyclables is usually performed by waste pickers, which is highly risky and hazardous for their health. This paper reports the development of a robotic mobile manipulation system for automated sorting of useful recyclables from MSW. The developed robot is equipped with a thermal imaging camera, proximity sensor and a 5-DOF robotic arm. This paper presents an approach for sorting based on automated identification from thermographic images. The developed algorithm extracts keypoint features from the thermographic image and feeds into clustering model to map them into a bag-of-word vectors. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for identifying the recyclable material. We used the developed algorithm to detect three categories of recyclables namely, aluminum can, plastic bottle and tetra pack from given thermographic images. We obtained classification rate of 94.3% in the tests. In future, we plan to extend the developed approach for classifying a wider range of recyclable objects as well as to incorporate motion planning algorithms to handle cluttered environments.
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Schieck, Frank, Welf-Guntram Drossel, Hans Bräunlich, Sören Scheffler, and Norbert Pierschel. "Temperature-Supported Forming of Automobile Related Magnesium Components." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63175.
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Lightweight design in passenger cars is gaining more and more importance. Independent from conventionally or electrically drive train concepts, weight reduction is one of the most rated defining variables for fuel or energy consumption, thus affecting the range of the vehicle. Overall, the potential for using steel in lightweight bodywork construction has attained a high level of development with the result that the potential for further optimisation is increasingly diminishing. As a consequence, alternative lightweight construction materials are set to become more important in the future. Compared to the beneficial application potential regarding bending and distortion of steel- and Aluminium compared to Magnesium blanks, this material becomes more and more interesting for automobile applications. Beside challenges like corrosion and recycling, mainly an appropriate forming technology lies in the focus of investigations. Due to the insufficient forming conditions of Magnesium at room temperature the focus of investigation was related to the characterisation of material properties depending on temperature, the thermo-mechanical forming simulation for process and tool design and the practical realisation of complex, car-related part geometries as well as requirements for forming tools and additional devices. In the following article we will present the results of studies into the forming of magnesium sheets (AZ31) including tailored blanks, achieved within a growth cell (TeMaK and TeMaK+).
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Wilt, David M., and Donald L. Chubb. "Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion Technology Development at NASA Lewis Research Center." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0972.
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Abstract NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) has had an ongoing research program in TPV since the late 1980’s. This effort has included both in-house research programs on critical components such as photovoltaic cells (PV) and emitter materials, as well as an active contracting effort directed toward system and component development. Of particular note is the in-house development of thin film selective emitters fabricated from rare-earth yttrium aluminum garnets (YAG). These emitters have demonstrated in-band emittances of > 0.7 with low out of band emittances (∼0.2). Rare earth elements have a unique valency which allows them to behave as isolated atoms even when at solid state densities (i.e. produce line emission rather than grey body emission). Each element has a characteristic emission frequency (wavelength) and YAG selective emitters with emissions peaks ranging from 0.98μm to > 2μm have been demonstrated. In addition, it has been demonstrated that two rare earth elements can be added to the same emitter for increased the power density. Also developed at LeRC is a Monolithically Interconnected Module (MIM) consisting of many small InGaAs cells series interconnected on a single InP substrate. An infrared reflector placed on the rear surface of the substrate returns unabsorbed photons to the emitter for recycling. The MIM design has many advantages such as: high output voltages and low currents, improved reliability, minimized losses associated with emitter non-uniformity (i.e. variation in view factor, temperature, etc.), high output power density, simplified system design and simplified thermal management. MIM devices with excellent photoresponses and IR reflectivity’s > 82% have been demonstrated. The contracted efforts include a TPV system development by Tecogen, Inc., based on ytterbia fibrous selective emitters and silicon PV devices. Two (2) prototype TPV systems were constructed, each including recuperators, non-premixed combustor designs, dielectric interference filters and PERL silicon TPV PV cells. Emitters temperatures of 2000K were routinely achieved and both systems have logged many hours of testing. Also under contract development are solar powered TPV systems, InGaAsSb PV devices and plasma-sprayed selective emitters.
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Emblom, William J., Ayotunde Olayinka, Jared Marcel, Joshua Ferrara, Scott M. DePaula, Maria Fernanda Espinosa-Perez, and Scott W. Wagner. "The Development of a Machine for Macroscale Friction Stir Processing: A Work in Progress." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69634.
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Abstract Friction stir processing has become a popular method for welding, surface treatment, and more recently for producing extrusions such as tubing and cylinders. Currently, the extrusions produced usually have diameters from 6 to 19 millimeters because they are being produced in tooling that must be placed in conventional CNC mills located within university research settings and thus have limited available power as well as limited ability for plunge forces. The machine described here is purpose built for producing large diameter friction stirred cylinders and tubes that are up to 125mm long and 50mm in diameter. Unlike conventional CNC machines, this machine is designed to accommodate the temperatures generated by the probe rotating against the work piece as well as the higher plunge forces generated by the extrusion processes which can damage the bearings, motor shaft and motor in conventional CNC mills. The need to produce larger friction stir processed parts is important because friction stir processing results in material properties that may be advantageous in parts, may be part of an additive manufacturing process, or may be useful as a preprocessing stage for metal recycling operations which can reduce energy costs and product contamination. The current paper describes Phase 1 of the project. A-1100 aluminum will be the initial material tested and smaller diameters of harder alloys will be used at some future time. The current phase of the project is nearing completion and consists of the development of the machine frame, open-loop AC motor spindle speed controller, tooling and a method for plunging the probe into the work piece. Phase 2 will consist of implementing feedback control along with process monitoring. In this paper the design process will be summarized, including forces and temperatures expected during friction stir extrusion and back extrusion. The evolution of the design will be summarized with emphasis on the final design. The current status of the project is the machine has been designed and the major components have been purchased and have been assembled. The speed controller for the 10 HP AC (7.5 kW) motor, the rotating probe plunge system, tooling mounting system, and machine frame have also been incorporated into the machine. The basic functionality of the machine has been demonstrated but the variable frequency drive that controls the probe rotation failed in early tests and is being replaced.
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Vesely, Andreas. "Processes for the Treatment of NORM and TENORM." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By contract with the Austrian government, the ARC is treating radioactive waste from research institutions and industries. In the last years, one focus was the development of processes for the treatment of NORM and TENORM. Our goal in developing such processes is to recycle valuable compounds for further industrial usage and to concentrate the radioactive elements as far as possible, to save space in the waste storage facilities. Austria is an important producer of tungsten-thoria- and tungsten-molybdenum-thoria-cermets. Scrap is generated during the production process in the form of turnings and grinding sludge and dust. Although big efforts have been undertaken to replace Thorium compounds, waste streams from past production processes are still waiting for treatment. The total amount of this waste stored in Austria may be estimated to be approx. 100 tons. In close co-operation with the tungsten industries, recycling processes were tested and further developed at ARC in laboratory, bench scale and pilot plants. Three different approaches to solve the problem were studied: Dissolution of tungsten in molten iron in an arc or induction furnace, thus producing an Fe-W or Fe-W-Mo alloy. Slag is produced upon the addition of lime and clay. This slag extracts nearly all of the Thorium contained in the metal melt. Selective dissolution of Tungsten in aqueous alkaline medium after oxidation of the metal to the hexavalent state by heating the scrap in air at temperatures of 500°C to 600°C. The resulting oxides are treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Tungsten and Molybdenum oxides are readily dissolved, while Thorium oxide together with silicon and aluminum compounds remain insoluble and are separated by filtration. Sodium tungstate solution is further processed by the usual hydrometallurgical tungsten mill process. Oxidation and dissolution of Tungsten can be achieved in one step by an electrochemical process. Thus, thoriated Tungsten scrap is used as an anode in an electrolysis cell, while sodium hydroxide or ammonia serve as electrolyte. After dissolution of Tungsten, the solids are separated from the liquid by filtration. With the electrochemical process, treatment of Tungsten-Thoria scrap can be achieved with high throughput in rather small reactors at moderate temperatures and ordinary pressure. The Tungsten solution exhibits high purity. Another process which we examined in detail is the separation of radium from rare earth compounds. Radium was separated by co-precipitation with barium sulfate from rare earth chloride solutions. The efficiency of the separation is strongly pH-dependent. Again, the valuable rare earth compound can be reused, and the radioactive elements are concentrated.
Звіти організацій з теми "Aluminum cans Recycling"
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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.