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1
Horikawa, Keitaro, Michiko Arayama, and Hidetoshi Kobayashi. "Quantitative Detection of Hydrogen Gas Release during Slow Strain Rate Testing in Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have developed a new testing device which is capable of detecting hydrogen gas release during slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRT) under ordinary pressure. The device is composed of an SSRT machine equipped with a closed chamber with an inspection window that is connected to gas chromatography with a semiconductor hydrogen sensor. Local strain distribution in the specimen during the SSRT is monitored dynamically with a digital image correlation (DIC) method. Hydrogen was pre-charged to aluminum alloys by means of friction in water process. Using the device, it was shown that hydrogen was released particularly in the stage of plastic deformation and fracture. In addition, the hydrogen gas release at the moment of fracture was clearly increased when the alloys were hydrogen-charged and tested at a slow strain rate. When we calculated hydrogen gas release from the fracture surface in Al-Zn-Mg base alloys tested at 3.3×10-6 s-1, the hydrogen amount was estimated to be 6.24×10-10 mol /mm2 in a hydrogen-uncharged alloy, and 1.30×10-9 mol / mm2 in a hydrogen-charged alloy.
2
Zhang, Xiao Min, Jian Mao, Yun Che, and Zhong Ke Zhang. "Investigations on the Fatigue Property of the High-Strength and Toughness 211Z Casting Aluminium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
211Z is a new type of high strength and toughness Al-Cu-Mn casting aluminum alloy. With the aid of GPS-100 high-cycle fatigue testing machine and DDL100 multifunction tensile testing machine, conventional mechanics performance tests and high-cycle fatigue tests were carried out in this paper. The conventional mechanical property results show that the tensile strength is 477.5 MPa, the theory yield strength is 397.5 MPa and the elongation is 6.625%. Fatigue experiments were performed with load control at room temperature and R =-1 in ambient air. The tensile and compression fatigue strength is 130 MPa under ten million times fatigue test, and S-N fatigue life curve of this alloy was also given in the investigations. 211Z casting aluminum alloy possessing high fatigue strength can be attributed to the fact that it owns high strength and good plasticity simultaneously. The microstructure analysis of fatigue fracture appearance shows that, the fatigue crack initiation behavior of this aluminium alloys depends mainly on the region possessing defects under the surface, there has only one crack source, which means it is belongs to low nominal stress unidirectional bending. In the crack growth stage, the width of fatigue striations decreases with the increase of stress, and a few secondary cracks were found in this stage. When cracks finally losed stability, an instantaneous fracture occured in the investigated samples. Shear lips and dimples were found in the fracture appearance and the final fracture is belongs to ductile fracture.
3
Lednianskyi, O. F., S. P. Bisyk, A. F. Sanin, and V. P. Poshyvalov. "Study of the applicability of porous pressings of aluminum and aluminum alloys as energy-absorbing elements." Technical mechanics 2020, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2020.04.109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work reports the results of experimental studies on the applicability of porous pressings of aluminum alloys to passive safety systems. The porous pressings were made from aluminum and aluminum alloy powders with a particle size up to 200 ?m using a hydraulic press. The porosity was varied by varying the pressure in the press hydrosystem and the pressing force. The specimens were not sintered, and no plasticizer was added. To determine which specimen characteristic, the mass or the porosity, is more important, specimens of the same mass (0.01 kg) were used [the deviation did not exceed (2.7 ? 2.8) % ]. To determine the impact absorption ability of the porous pressings of aluminum and aluminum alloy powders, a vertical impact testing machine was used. The ram mass was 22.5 kg (weight 220 N), the fall speed was 5 m/s, and the fall energy was 300 J. The impact absorption ability of the porous pressings was determined by comparing the accelerations and rebound height of the ram in the presence of a porous pressing with their calculated free-fall values. The experiments showed that the use of specimens of maximum porosity decreases the impact energy by the value of the plastic work of deformation and the fracture energy. A comparison of the performance of different specimens showed that the energy absorption ability increases with porosity. As demonstrated by the experiments, porous pressings of aluminum and aluminum alloys can be used as energy -absorbing elements of passive safety systems for commercial and armored combat vehicles, and the impact absorption ability of porous fillers, in particular porous pressings of aluminum and aluminum alloys, can be determined using vertical impact testing machines. Using porous pressings of aluminum and aluminum alloys as an energy-absorbing material decreases the impact acceleration by a factor of 30 to 85 at an impact speed up to 5 m/s. The ability of a pressing to reduce the impact acceleration depends on its dimensions and porosity to a greater extent than on its mass. The greatest decrease in impact acceleration is provided by porous pressings of maximum porosity, in which the impact energy is converted to the plastic work of deformation and the fracture energy.
4
Holroyd, N. J. Henry, Timothy L. Burnett, Benjamin C. Palmer, and John J. Lewandowski. "Estimation of environment-induced crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factors generated during slow strain rate testing of aluminum alloys." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this contribution, we introduce a simple approach to quickly estimate the environment-induced crack velocity (CV) as a function of the calculated applied stress intensity factor (K) developed during the slow strain rate testing of aluminum alloys exposed to aqueous or humid air-type environments. The CV-K behavior for a commercial aluminum-magnesium alloy, AA5083-H131, sensitized and pre-exposed to a 0.6 m NaCl solution has been estimated from slow strain rate test data. The predicted threshold K and crack velocities match recently published data for the same alloy in similarly sensitized conditions where the CV-K data were obtained using state-of-the-art fracture mechanics-based testing.
5
Sharapova, Dinaida M., Mikhail G. Sharapov, and Nikolay I. Sharonov. "Structure Formation of Butt Joints Made of Aluminum Alloys to Ensure the Quality of Mechanical Engineering Products." Materials Science Forum 1022 (February 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1022.119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article discusses the problems of ensuring high-quality formation and normative properties of butt joints of the 1560M and 1980T1 (AMg6 and B48) aluminum alloys as applied to engineering. A method is proposed for joining materials by means of EBW using an electron beam sweep. Homogeneous and dissimilar joints have been investigated, heat treatment of joint from the 1980T1 alloy and a dissimilar joint from the 1560M + 1980T1 alloys is recommended. The paper also presents the results of mechanical properties testing, the corrosion resistance and the delayed fracture tests. A welding technology that makes it possible to obtain high-quality butt-welded joints from aluminum alloys in thicknesses up to 40 mm has been developed and implemented.
6
Ponnusamy, Muruganantham, S. Suresh Pungaiah, M. Senthil Prabhu, B. R. Ramji, Y. Srinivas, and Selvakumar Periyasamy. "Importance of Hardening Effect and Its Analysis on Diametrical Fractured Ends of Tensile Testing of Al and Steel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8579749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hardening effect varies deliberately to elevate the properties of alloy specimens either in ferrous or nonferrous materials. The cup and cone fracture theory explains the effect of hardening through heat treatment of the specimen. The hardening effects are imposed on the specimen by the furnace heating and hot pressing method. The neck formation and the elongation levels are evaluated and compared for both heat-treated and non-heat-treated specimens of steel and aluminum alloys. The simulation tools are used to predict the compressive and elongation levels by obtaining the stresses and deflections at various nodal points. The suitable heat treatment was indicated by the single or twice method of heat adoption over the steel and aluminum specimens. The fracture analysis and experimental results are compared among the hardened or non-heat-treated specimens.
7
Gu, Jia Xing, Shang Lei Yang, Chen Feng Duan, Qi Xiong, and Yuan Wang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization of Laser Welded 6013 Aluminum Alloys Overlap Joint." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, 6013 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 2.5mm was overlap welded by fiber laser. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the joint was tested and observed by Optical Microscope, material testing machines and Scanning Electron Microscope, thus the failure and fracture mechanism of the welded joint are analyzed. The results showed that good shape of weld was achieved under the optimal welding parameters. Equiaxial as-cast microstructures exist in the welding center and the columnar grains are formed near the fusion line in the WZ. The hardness of weld zone is the lowest in the joint, which is about 72 HV, about 57% of that of BM. The tensile shear strength of the joint is 96Mpa, about 25% of tensile strength of BM. The fracture is happened in WZ and the brittle fracture mode is dominated with shear dimples and shear planes.
8
Kou, L. Y., W. Y. Zhao, X. Y. Tuo, G. Wang, and C. R. Sun. "Effect of stress triaxiality on fracture failure of 6061 aluminium alloy." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 6961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.33.0545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of stress triaxiality on mechanical properties of 6061 aluminium alloy extruded profiles with different specimens was studied. Macroscopic mechanical property of the various specimen was got through universal testing machine. At the same time, stress triaxiality of different specimens was obtained using the method of finite element simulation. And then the fracture strain of each specimen was outputted by DIC. Fracture modes of 6061 aluminium alloy with different stress triaxiality were studied by SEM. The results show that taking tensile samples as comparison, the cross-sectional area of some notched specimens decreases and the peak load increases. Among them, the minimum cross-sectional area of the R5 central hole specimen is 20% smaller than that of the tensile sample, and the peak load is 28% larger. The fracture strain of the alloy increased with the decrease of stress triaxiality. For the same notch specimens, along the path direction, stress triaxiality of R5 notch specimens, R5 Center-hole specimens and R20 Arc notched specimens increased 47%, 17.8%, 25% respectively. According to the analysis of fracture morphology, the main fracture of 6061 aluminium alloy was ductile fracture. When the stress triaxiality is large, the dimples are small and sparsely distributed, and when the stress triaxiality is small, the dimple is large and evenly distributed. Finally, the Johnson-Cook model material parameters of 6061 aluminum alloy are fitted based on the tensile test results of different shapes of specimens, which can accurately simulate the elastic-plastic deformation and fracture instability of 6061 aluminum alloy under different stress states.
9
Shamim, Shahrukh, Gaurav Sharma, and Chandrabalan Sasikumar. "The Effect of Intermetallic Phases on Ductile to Brittle Transition of Aluminium-Iron Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of intermetallic phases and grain size on ductile to brittle transition temperature of Aluminium-Iron alloy (Al–11% Fe) was investigated in this research work. An Izod impact testing method was adopted to study the DBTT in the temperature interval of 77 K to 373 K. The ductile-brittle transition points: fracture transition plastic (FTP), fracture-appearance transition temperature (FATT), impact energy transition temperature (IETT), fractional surface area of cleavage (brittle) and fibrous (ductile) fractures and grain size of the samples were also determined. The fracture toughness of Al-Fe alloy found decreasing with temperature in contrast to conventional materials. The fractographic investigation revealed that the microstructural changes play a major role in determining the fracture toughness of these alloys. Annealing of these samples slightly improved the fracture toughness as the spherical morphology of intermetallic particles resists the crack propagation.
10
Shi, Laixin, Lin Xiang, Jianquan Tao, Qiang Chen, Jun Liu, and Yong Zhong. "Actual Marine Atmospheric Pre-Corrosion Fatigue Performance of 7075-T73 Aluminum Alloy." Metals 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Actual marine atmospheric pre-corrosion behavior and its effect on the fatigue performance of 7075-T73 aluminum alloy were studied by means of marine atmospheric outdoor exposure testing and fatigue testing. The surface and cross-sectional microstructures of aluminum alloy specimens after different numbers of days of exposure were analyzed. Localized pitting, and intergranular and exfoliation corrosion occurred during the outdoor exposure of aluminum alloy specimens in a marine atmosphere. The degree of severity of atmospheric corrosion increased with increasing duration of exposure. The effects of Fe-rich constituent particles (Al23CuFe4) and grain boundary precipitates (MgZn2) on the marine atmospheric corrosion behavior were discussed. In addition, when the exposure time was increased from 0 days to 15 days, the average fatigue life of aluminum alloy specimens decreased dramatically from about 125.16 × 104 cycles to 16.58 × 104 cycles. As the exposure time was further increased to 180 days, the average fatigue life slowly decreased to about 6.21 × 104 cycles. The fatigue fracture characteristics and the effect mechanism of marine atmospheric pre-corrosion on the fatigue life of 7075-T73 aluminum alloy were also analyzed.
11
Lou, Yan Shan, and Jeong Whan Yoon. "Anisotropic Behavior in Plasticity and Ductile Fracture of an Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anisotropic mechanical behavior is investigated for an aluminum alloy of 6K21-IH T4 both in plastic deformation and ductile fracture. Anisotropic plastic deformation is characterized by uniaxial tensile tests of dog-bone specimens, while anisotropy in ductile fracture is illustrated with specimens with a central hole, notched specimens and shear specimens. All these specimens are cut off at every 15º from the rolling direction. The r-values and uniaxial tensile yield stresses are measured from the tensile tests of dog-bone specimens. Then the anisotropic plasticity is modeled by a newly proposed J2-J3 criterion under non-associate flow rule (non-AFR). The testing processes of specimens for ductile fracture analysis are simulated to extract the maximum plastic strain at fracture strokes as well as the evolution of the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter in different testing directions. The measured fracture behavior is described by a shear-controlled ductile fracture criterion proposed by Lou et al. (2014. Modeling of shear ductile fracture considering a changeable cut-off value for stress triaxiality. Int. J. Plasticity 54, 56-80) for different loading directions. It is demonstrated that the anisotropic plastic deformation is described by the J2-J3 criterion with high accuracy in various loading conditions including shear, uniaxial tension and plane strain tension. Moreover, the anisotropy in ductile fracture is not negligible and cannot be modeled by isotropic ductile fracture criteria. Thus, an anisotropic model must be proposed to accurately illustrate the directionality in ductile fracture.
12
Ejaz, N., W. Muhammad, and I. Salam. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in a Rolled Plate of Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aluminum alloys generally contain constituent particles. The population density and size these particles are important while considering fatigue performance. In present study, the crack growth process in stage II in the rolled plate of a high strength aluminum alloy AA 2219 was studied on samples prepared along the rolling direction. A three fold approach was adopted to understand the fatigue crack growth process: i) microstructural analysis ii) fatigue testing iii) post-fracture analysis. Microstructural analysis revealed a high density of constituent particles in the material. EDS analysis showed that the particles were mainly of CuAl2 type. However, particles with high concentration of Fe and Mn were also present in the material. Fatigue crack propagation tests were performed by using middle tension (MT) specimens prepared in rolling direction under constant amplitude loads. The da/dN vs ΔK plot on log-log scale showed a sigmoidal shape with a sharp increase of crack growth rate in the steady state regime. Topographical features were studied to understand the interaction of fatigue crack with the microstructural features. Post fracture analysis revealed that the macro fracture appearance changed with the change of stress level. However, the general mechanism of crack growth, in all the stress levels studied, was by formation of striations. At lower stress levels almost flat region with striations is present upto the final fracture. The crack growth surface showed crystallographic features with crack propagation almost perpendicular to the loading direction. However, a comparatively tortuous fatigue region was evident in the sample tested at high level of stress. The observation of crack path surface at high magnification did not reveal any influence of particles on the crack growth process. However, in sections taken from the fractured samples cracking and debonding of the constituent particles was observed near the fatigue crack path.
13
Sidhu, Ramandeep Singh, Raman Kumar, Ranvijay Kumar, Pankaj Goel, Sehijpal Singh, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Khaled Giasin, and Krzysztof Adamczuk. "Joining of Dissimilar Al and Mg Metal Alloys by Friction Stir Welding." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 5901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175901.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In engineering applications, such as automobile, marine, aerospace, and railway, lightweight alloys of aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) ensure design fitness for fuel economy, better efficiency, and overall cost reduction. Friction stir welding (FSW) for joining dissimilar materials has been considered better than the conventional fusion welding process because of metallurgical concerns. In this study, dissimilar joints were made between the AA6061 (A), AZ31B (B), and AZ91D (C) combinations based on the varying advancing side (AS) and retreating side (RS). The dissimilar joints prepared by the FSW process were further characterized by tensile testing, impact testing, corrosion testing, fracture, and statistical and cost analysis. The results revealed a maximum tensile strength of 192.39 MPa in AZ91 and AZ31B, maximum yield strength of 134.38 MPa in a combination of AA6061 and AZ91, maximum hardness of 114 Hv in AA6061 and AZ31B, and lowest corrosion rate of 7.03 mV/A in AA6061 and AZ31B. The results of the properties were supported by photomicrographic fracture analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Further, the performance of dissimilar joints was statistically analyzed and prioritized for preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method.
14
Uhríčik, Milan, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, and Martin Frkáň. "The influence of the structure on the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys for the casting." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 07013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815707013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article will be focused on monitoring the influence of the structure on the fatigue properties of Al-Mg cast alloy. As an experimental material were used aluminium alloys EN AC 51200 and EN AC 51500, supplied in a cast state without a heat treatment, which were produced by the continuous casting method. These alloys were selected on the basis of the chemical composition, where the content of most alloying elements is comparable. Fatigue properties of aluminium alloys were tested by three-point bending cyclic loading. The fracture surface of the testing sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where samples were observed on various stages of the fatigue process, their characteristics and differences of fracture surfaces.
15
Kawamoto, Kyohei, Yasuji Oda, and Hiroshi Noguchi. "Fatigue Crack Growth Characteristics and Effects of Testing Frequency on Fatigue Crack Growth Rate in a Hydrogen Gas Environment in a Few Alloys." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to investigate the hydrogen effect on fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior in a few kinds of practical alloys; austenitic stainless steels (solution-treated metastable type 304 and stable type 316L), an aluminum alloy (age-hardened 6061) and a low carbon steel (annealed 0.13%C-Fe), FCG tests were carried out in hydrogen gas and in nitrogen gas. The FCG rates of these materials are enhanced by hydrogen, though the acceleration degrees are different. A crack grows across grains by slip-off in 316L stainless steel and in age-hardened 6061 aluminum alloys even in hydrogen. Faceted area increases in 304 stainless steel and in low carbon steel in hydrogen. In 304 stainless steel, the ratio of facets to the entire fracture surface was not so large. Thus, the FCG rate is not significantly affected through the facets in 304 stainless steel. In low carbon steel, facets were increased considerably, though a crack grows step by step or after a large number of loading cycles even along grain boundaries. Anyhow hydrogen enhances the FCG rate of these materials through the influence on slip behavior. Based on above-mentioned results, the effect of loading frequency on FCG rate in hydrogen of the age-hardened 6061 aluminum alloy was also investigated. The FCG rate increases as the testing frequency decreases, though the FCG rate in hydrogen shows the tendency to saturate.
16
Nguyen, Van Nhat, Quoc Manh Nguyen, Dang Thi Huong Thao, and Shyh Chour Huang. "An Investigation of Dissimilar Welding Aluminum Alloys to Stainless Steel by the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding Process." Materials Science Forum 904 (August 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.904.19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Welding dissimilar materials has been widely applied in industries. Some of them are considered this as a strategy to develop their future technology products. Aluminum alloy and stainless steel have differences in physical, thermal, mechanical and metallurgic properties. However, selecting a suitable welding process and welding rods can solve this problem. This research aimed to investigate the T-joint welding between A6061 aluminum alloy and SUS304 stainless steel using new welding rods, Aluma-Steel by the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. The mechanical properties, the characteristics of microstructure, and component analysis of the welds have been investigated by the mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). As a result, the fracture occurred at the adjacent area between welding seam and A6061 alloys plate. The thermal cracking appeared at central welding-seam along the base metals if high welding current. A large amount of copper elements found in the welds due to using the new welding rod, Aluma-Steel rod.
17
Lin, Ben Yuan, Ju Jen Liu, Lee Der Lu, and Hsien Lung J. Tsai. "Effect of Root Flaw on Tensile Behavior of Friction Stir Welded A6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tensile behavior of friction stir joints containing root flaw in A6061-T6 aluminum alloys was investigated. First, plates of this material were butt-jointed by friction stir welding, and the metallographic observation and micro-hardness analysis were made on the cross-section of the weld. Then, tensile tests were performed in MTS 810 testing machine, and a digital CCD camera was used to monitor the process during testing.. Finally, the tensile fracture surface analysis was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the root flaw has no apparent effect on the tensile properties. However, it was observed that a crack about 0.3 mm in length occurred in the root part of the weld center in the early stage of tensile test, and the crack did not further propagate during the sequent tensile experiment. The tensile specimens were all fractured in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the retreating side, which is the area coincident with the region of maximum local strain and lowest hardness.
18
Haque, Mohammad M., Nur I. Syahriah, and Ahmad Faris Ismail. "Effect of Silicon on Strength and Fracture Surfaces of Aluminium–Silicon Casting and Heat Treated Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.893.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aluminium-silicon alloys having different silicon contents (13, 20 and 27 percent) were used in the present study. The molten alloys were poured in to a mild steel die to cast tensile test bars. Then tensile and hardness tests were performed in order to analyze the properties and fracture surfaces of the cast specimens. Results show that as silicon content increases, the alloy becomes harder and less ductile. At the same time, the presence of alloying and impurity elements in the alloys forms complex compounds and intermetallic phases. They present deleterious effects on the strength of the alloys, causing a lowering of the energy required to fracture the test specimens with little permanent extension. However, heat treatment operations altered the structures and properties of the aluminium-silicon alloys. Heating to higher temperature, then quenching, ageing and tempering make the alloys stronger up to 13% silicon and beyond that limit the alloys become weaker, fracturing at lower load. The appearance of fracture surfaces after tensile testing showed these differences. This investigation also suggests that for the aluminium-silicon alloys containing 20% and 27% silicon do not require any expensive and time consuming thermal treatment operations, since properties do not improve with such treatments.
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Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z., Sabbah Ataya, Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman, Abdalla M. A. Mahdy, Naser A. Alsaleh, and Essam Ahmed. "Heat Input and Mechanical Properties Investigation of Friction Stir Welded AA5083/AA5754 and AA5083/AA7020." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current work presents a detailed investigation for the effect of a wide range friction stir welding (FSW) parameters on the dissimilar joints’ quality of aluminum alloys. Two groups of dissimilar weldments have been produced between AA5083/AA5754 and A5083/AA7020 using tool rotational rates range from 300 to 600 rpm, and tool traverse speeds range from 20 to 80 mm/min. In addition, the effect of reversing the position of the high strength alloy at the advancing side and at retreating side has been investigated. The produced joints have been investigated using macro examination, hardness testing and tensile testing. The results showed that sound joints are obtained at the low heat input FSW parameters investigated while increasing the heat input results in tunnel defects. The hardness profile obtained in the dissimilar AA5083/AA5754 joints is the typical FSW hardness profile of these alloys in which the hardness reduced in the nugget zone due to the loss of the cold deformation strengthening. However, the profile of the dissimilar AA5083/AA7020 showed increase in the hardness in the nugget due to the intimate mixing the high strength alloy with the low strength alloy. The sound joints in both groups of the dissimilar joints showed very high joint strength with efficiency up to 97 and 98%. Having the high strength alloy at the advancing side gives high joint strength and efficiency. Furthermore, the sound joints showed ductile fracture mechanism with clear dimple features mainly and significant plastic deformation occurred before fracture. Moreover, the fracture in these joints occurred in the base materials. On the other, the joints with tunnel defect showed some features of brittle fracture due to the acceleration of the existing crack propagation upon tensile loading.
20
Chuluunbat, Turbadrakh, Cheng Lu, Andrii Kostryzhev, and Kiet Tieu. "Influence of Loading Conditions during Tensile Testing on Acoustic Emission." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique is widely used in mechanical and material research for detection of plastic deformation, fracture initiation and crack growth. However, the influence of AE features (such as signal amplitude, frequency, rise time and duration) on the fracture parameters (such as brittle or ductile mode of propagation and fracture propagation speed) is not completely understood. In this paper, the effect of loading conditions on fracture behavior was studied using AE monitoring during tensile testing of an aluminum alloy specimen. The fracture development was observed using a high speed video camera and was analyzed using the finite element method. The hardware and software produced by Physical Acoustics Corporation (USA) was used. Variations in AE parameters were analyzed and correlated to the stress-strain curves obtained during testing. It is shown that the strain rate and the presence of a crack (modeled by a notch on the sample), affect the fracture mode (brittle or ductile) and a relative amount of the mode dependent AE signatures.
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Shifa, Madni, Fawad Tariq, and Rasheed Ahmed Baloch. "Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Interlaminar Properties of Carbon Fiber Aluminum Metal Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 778 (September 2018): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.778.100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present research work describes the fabrication and interlaminar properties testing of carbon fiber aluminum metal laminates (CARALL). CARALL was fabricated through hand layup process followed by compression molding technique and interlaminar properties were assessed through double cantilever beam (DCB) test short beam and flexural test. Different treatments were performed on the surface of aluminum alloy and parameters were optimized to ensure good adhesion between metal sheet and carbon composite layer. Pull-off adhesion test was performed to gauge the adhesion strength of epoxy resin on aluminum alloy sheet. Effect of Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was also investigated on the interlaminar properties of CARALL. Treated surface of aluminum alloy sheet was examined under Optical and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Porous surface was evident on aluminum sample due to surface treatment which contributes towards better adhesion between epoxy resin and metal surface through mechanical interlocking and diffusion mechanism. FE-SEM and stereo microscopy was also performed on fractured DCB samples and underlying fracture mechanism was discussed. Test results demonstrated that addition of MWCNTs deteriorated the interlaminar properties of CARALL by weakening the interface between treated aluminum surface and carbon composite.
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Meng, Mu, Zhi Min Zhang, Jian Min Yu, and Xin Kai Li. "Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Properties of Hot Compression Aluminum Alloy 7A04." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aluminum alloy 7A04 compressed at high deformation temperature and large deformation is applied in two different heat treatment (T5 and T6), then microstructure and properties of the alloy after heat treatment are investigated. The mechanical properties are studied by means of the tensile testing and the hardness testing. The microstructure characteristics and the fractorgraphy analysis are respectively investigated with optical microscopy and SEM. The experimental results indicate that after T6 heat treatment, the second-phase particles dispersed in the matrix, which can efficiently improving the strength of the alloy, but reduced the toughness. After T5 heat treatment, the coarse and discontinuous second-phase is distributed along the grain boundary, which can lead to the low strength and high toughness because of the lack of the strengthening phase in the grains. The fracture appearance is intercrystalline fracture after T6 heat treatment, and dimple transgranular fracture after T5 heat treatment.
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Zhu, Wen, Weijie Gou, and Lihong Wang. "Microstructure and performance test of aluminum alloy K-TIG welding joint." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 2 (September 23, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.1.2.368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The K-TIG welding method was used to conduct welding experiments on 6001 aluminum alloy, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, universal testing machine, microhardness tester, etc. The results show that the center of the weld is equiaxed crystals and a small amount of dendrites, the near seam zone is columnar crystals formed by associated crystals, the fusion zone is equiaxed crystals of varying sizes, and there are grain boundary liquefaction and β″ phase in this zone. Agglomeration, growth and transformation, there are grain growth and precipitation zones in the heat-affected zone; the tensile fracture positions are all at the fusion line, and the fractures are ductile and brittle mixed quasi-cleavage fractures, with dimples, river patterns, and cleavage steps; welded joints The hardness of the fusion zone has a W-shaped distribution, and the hardness value of the fusion zone is lower due to over-aging softening.
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Zhu, Wen, Weijie Gou, and Lihong Wang. "Microstructure and performance test of aluminum alloy K-TIG welding joint." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 2, no. 1 (September 23, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.2.1.368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The K-TIG welding method was used to conduct welding experiments on 6001 aluminum alloy, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, universal testing machine, microhardness tester, etc. The results show that the center of the weld is equiaxed crystals and a small amount of dendrites, the near seam zone is columnar crystals formed by associated crystals, the fusion zone is equiaxed crystals of varying sizes, and there are grain boundary liquefaction and β″ phase in this zone. Agglomeration, growth and transformation, there are grain growth and precipitation zones in the heat-affected zone; the tensile fracture positions are all at the fusion line, and the fractures are ductile and brittle mixed quasi-cleavage fractures, with dimples, river patterns, and cleavage steps; welded joints The hardness of the fusion zone has a W-shaped distribution, and the hardness value of the fusion zone is lower due to over-aging softening.
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Motsi, Glenda T., Peter A. Olubambi, Tleyane J. Sono, and Lerato Shoke. "In Situ Electron Microscopy Studies on the Tensile Deformation Mechanisms in Aluminium 5083 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1019 (October 2014): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1019.103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study tensile deformation mechanisms of aluminium alloy 5083 were investigated under observations made from SEM equipped with a tensile stage. Observations during tensile testing revealed a sequence of surface deformation events. These included micro-cracking of large intermetallic particles, decohesion of small intermetallic particles from the matrix producing microvoids and slip bands distribution. The fracture surface was characterised with closely spaced dimples, typical for aluminium alloys.
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Bolouri, Amir, and X. Grant Chen. "Tensile Deformation Behavior of Al-Cu 206 Cast Alloys near the Solidus Temperature." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.90.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To study the micromechanics of semisolid deformation, a modified experimental set-up is employed in Gleeble 3800 thermomechamical testing unit to achieve a uniform temperature distribution in partially remelted aluminum samples. The temperature variation was markedly reduced to one degree for a length of 4-5 mm in the middle of tensile samples. High temperature semisolid tensile tests of Al-Cu 206 cast alloys were performed at different temperatures near solidus with a strain rate of 10-3 s-1, corresponding to the solid fractions (fs) between 1 and 0.95. The stress-displacement curves with different fs were measured and analyzed. The microstructure and fracture surface of samples were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The relation between the microstructural characteristics, tensile properties and fracture behavior of semisolid 206 samples at high fs were explored. Mush deformation mechanisms were discussed in term of defect nucleation and propagation at the late stage of solidification.
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Papadopoulos, Michael, and Spiros Pantelakis. "Fatigue testing of 2198 T8 FSW aluminum alloy with and without LoP defect." International Journal of Structural Integrity 8, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-04-2016-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The Lack of Penetration (LoP) defect is one of the flaws that can be generated during the friction stir welding (FSW) process. Depending on the size, the depth and the severity of the LoP defect, it is possible that it is hardly detectable by optical inspection or other NDT methods. Whether detectable or not, this defect may lead to a significant degradation of the fatigue properties of the welded material, as the improperly welded zone can act as a fracture initiation site. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this experimental investigation, an attempt is made to assess and compare the fatigue behavior of FSW aluminum joints with and without the LoP defect. Findings It was found that the LoP defect affects the fatigue behavior of the welded material at high stress levels whereas the effect diminishes with decreasing stress levels. Originality/value Depending on the design stress levels, the LoP defect may dominate fracture and thus, the welding parameters should be carefully selected so as to avoid such defect.
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Fabrègue, Damien, Alexis Deschamps, Michel Suéry, and Warren J. Poole. "Mechanical Behaviour in the Mushy State during Isothermal Tensile Testing." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1877.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to improve the understanding of hot tearing during laser welding of aluminium alloys, the rheology of the alloys in the mushy state must be characterized. The present work investigates the mechanical behaviour of the aerospace alloy AA6056 using a specially designed isothermal tensile test in the mushy state. Using a Gleeble thermo-mechanical machine, two different tests have been performed: i) tests during partial remelting and ii) tests after partial solidification at a high cooling rate. These tests have been carried out not only on the 6056 alloy but also on a mix between 6056 and 4047 Al-Si alloy which corresponds to the composition of the nugget of a laser using a filler wire. The increase of the solid fraction results in an increase of the maximum stress and a change on the fracture surface from a smooth dendritic to a more ductile one. Moreover, the alloys exhibit a typical visco plastic behaviour with an increase of the maximal stress with the strain rate. When the test is performed at a particular solid fraction of 0.97, the fracture is more erratic and the ductility is low. The results show the existence of a ductile/brittle/ductile transition with the fraction of solid. The fracture stress is shown to be higher when testing after partial remelting as compared to partial solidification for the same solid fraction. This is due to the difference in microstructure of the mushy zone and more particularly in the connectivity of the solid skeleton. An adapted creep law is used to describe the mechanical behaviour of alloys during the partial remelting test using the fraction of grain boundary wetted by the liquid given by Wray. This law is shown to be irrelevant to the partial solidification tests, as a result of the modified geometry of the liquid phase. From these tests, we have determined a new law relating the solid fraction to the fraction of grain boundaries wetted by the liquid. This law is a useful tool to predict the mechanical behaviour when mechanical loading occurs during solidification.
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Derpeński, Łukasz. "Ductile Fracture Behavior of Notched Aluminum Alloy Specimens under Complex Non-Proportional Load." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents an experimental investigation of the ductile fracture of specimens with different circumferential notches. Specimens made from ENAW_2024-T351 aluminum alloy were subjected to non-proportional tension–torsion loading. The tests were carried out on an MTS testing machine coupled with the ARAMIS 3D 4M vision measuring system, enabling simultaneous non-contact tracking of the elongation and torsional angle of the measurement base. Depending on the assumed notch radius and the non-proportionate load scheme, the critical tensile force and torsional moments that caused the fracture initiation of the specimen were determined. A significant effect of load configurations and notch radius on the shape of the fracture surface as well as the fracture mechanisms causing the failure of specimens was demonstrated. The equation describing the configuration of critical loads for specimens with different notch radii was applied.
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Uhríčik, M., P. Palček, M. Chalupová, M. Oravcová, and M. Frkáň. "The Influence of the Structure on the Fatigue Properties of Al-Mg Cast Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe article will be focused on monitoring the influence of the structure on the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys for the casting of type Al-Mg. As an experimental material were used aluminium alloys EN AC 51200 and EN AC 51500, supplied in a cast state without a heat treatment. They were produced by the continuous casting method. These alloys were selected on the basis of the chemical composition, where the content of most alloying elements is comparable, only in the case of the concentration of magnesium are these alloys significantly different. Fatigue properties of aluminium alloys were tested by three-point bending cyclic loading. The fracture surface of the testing sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where samples were observed on various stages of the fatigue process, their characteristics and differences of fracture surfaces.
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Cisko, Abby, James Jordon, Dustin Avery, Tian Liu, Luke Brewer, Paul Allison, Ricolindo Carino, Youssef Hammi, Timothy Rushing, and Lyan Garcia. "Experiments and Modeling of Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Lithium Alloy." Metals 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An extensive experimental and computational investigation of the fatigue behavior of friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum–lithium alloy (AA2099) is presented. In this study, friction stir butt welds were created by joining AA2099 using two different welding parameter sets. After FSW, microstructure characterization was carried out using microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In particular, the metastable strengthening precipitates T1 (Al2CuLi) and δ’(Al3Li) seen in the base metal were observed to coarsen and dissolve due to the FSW process. In order to evaluate the static and fatigue behavior of the FSW of the AA2099, monotonic tensile and fully-reversed strain-controlled fatigue testing were performed. Mechanical testing of the FSW specimens found a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and fatigue life compared to the base metal. While the process parameters had an effect on the monotonic properties, no significant difference was observed in the number of cycles to failure between the FSW parameters explored in this study. Furthermore, post-mortem fractography analysis of the FSW specimens displayed crack deflection, transgranular fracture, and delamination failure features commonly observed in other parent Al–Li alloys. Lastly, a microstructurally-sensitive fatigue model was used to elucidate the influence of the FSW process on fatigue life based on variations in grain size, microhardness, and particle size in the AA2099 FSW.
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Prokić Cvetković, Radica, Olivera Popović, Ljubica Radović, Aleksandar Sedmak, and Ivana Cvetković. "Fracture Behavior of AlMg4.5Mn Weld Metal at Different Temperatures under Impact Loading." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper deals with a three-component aluminum alloy AlMg4.5Mn that was welded using a GTAW process in the shielded atmosphere of Ar+70%He+0.015%N2. The weld-metal toughness was evaluated at three different temperatures using instrumental Charpy pendulum impact testing to measure not only the total energy, but also the crack initiation energy and the crack growth energy. Fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces and EDS analysis of large second-phase particles on fractured surfaces at each temperature were also carried out. Fractographic analysis at different temperatures indicated a clearly distinguishable fracture mechanism. It was inferred that the absorbed energy was closely correlated with the fracturing of surfaces. Moreover, it was concluded that with decrease in the amount of microscopic voids and dimples, the total energy absorbed also decreased.
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Ma, Chuanping, Guozheng Kang, Guoqing Gou, Hui Chen, and Xiaoli Che. "Effect of charging hydrogen on the tensile properties of A7N01 aluminum alloy friction stir welded joints." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2019): 1940043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219400435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A7N01 aluminum alloy is widely used in rail transit industry due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, due to its sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), especially in hydrogen-containing moisture environment, the mechanical properties of hydrogen-charged A7N01 aluminum alloy friction stir welding (FSW) joints were tested through the tensile testing machine. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the tensile fracture morphology. The results indicate that the ductility and tensile strength loss of A7N01 Al alloy FSW joints are large in conditions of charging hydrogen. This is due to the embrittlement of the material caused by hydrogen infiltrating into the grain boundary of the aluminum alloy material.
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Manh, Nguyen Quoc. "DISSIMILAR JOINING A6061 ALUMINUM ALLOY AND SUS304 STAINLESS STEEL BY THE TUNGSTEN INERT GAS WELDING PROCESS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 5A (March 22, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/5a/12062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Welding dissimilar materials has been widely applied in industries. Some of them are considered this as a strategy to develop their future technology products. Aluminum alloy and stainless steel have differences in physical, thermal, mechanical and metallurgic properties. However, selecting a suitable welding process and welding rods can solve this problem. This research aimed to investigate the T-joint welding between A6061 aluminum alloy and SUS304 stainless steel using new welding rods, Aluma-Steel by the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. The mechanical properties, the characteristics of microstructure, and component analysis of the welds have been investigated by the mechanical testing, microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). As a result, the fracture occurred at the adjacent area between welding seam and A6061 aluminum alloy plate. The average microhardness between welding seam and SUS304 stainless steel is 279.72 HV, welding seam and A6061 aluminum alloy of 274.50 HV. A large amount of copper elements found in the welds due to using the new welding rod, Aluma-Steel rod.
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Zhu, Shi Fan, Yang Cao, Chun Huan Guo, and Feng Chun Jiang. "The Influence of Wedge Shape on the Determination of Dynamic Fracture Toughness in SHPB Test." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The SHPB loading three-point bending specimen is a popular way for measuring the dynamic fracture toughness of the material. The wedge shapes on the loading end of the incident bar have necessary effects on the propagation of the stress wave. The dynamic mechanical response and the fracture toughness of the aluminum alloy were measured by SHPB with different wedge shapes, and the influences of wedge shape on determination of dynamic fracture toughness was analyzed in this study. The investigation result can be used to provide reference for the design of a new Hopkinson apparatus for dynamic fracture testing.
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Luo, Chuanguang, Huan Li, Yuhui Zhang, Jianguo Li, Yuanhua Wen, and Lijun Yang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Inert Gas Weld Joints of Sprayed and Cast Aluminium–Lithium Alloy." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The weld joints of sprayed 2195-T6 and cast 2195-T8 aluminium–lithium alloy were created using tungsten inert gas with filler wire. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the weld joints were examined. The results of the microstructure analysis showed that the width of the equiaxed grain zone (EQZ) and the amount of the second phase θ’(Al2Cu) was greater in the weld joint of the cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy than that of the sprayed 2195-T6 Al–Li alloy. Tensile testing indicated that failures occurred in the EQZ and partially melted zone (PMZ) for both weld joints. The tensile strength and elongation of the weld joints of the sprayed 2195-T6 and cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloys were about 68.2%, 89.7%, and 50.7% and 28.3% those of the base metal in the joint, respectively. The cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy joint had more pores and cracks, resulting in lower tensile strength and elongation than those in the sprayed alloy. Further, the tensile fracture surface morphology indicated that the fracture mode of the sprayed 2195-T6 Al–Li alloy was a mixed fracture mode dominated by plastic fracture and that of the cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy joints was a mixed fracture mode dominated by brittle fracture.
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Natrayan, L., S. Kaliappan, S. Baskara Sethupathy, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, S. Raja, G. Velmurugan, and Dereje Bayisa Abdeta. "Investigation on Interlaminar Shear Strength and Moisture Absorption Properties of Soybean Oil Reinforced with Aluminium Trihydrate-Filled Polyester-Based Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7588699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, research has shifted away from conventional materials and alloys to composite materials to create lighter, more efficient materials for specific applications. In order to generate lighter, more efficient materials for specific purposes, research has migrated away from traditional materials and alloys and toward composite materials in current years. Blended microbially nanocomposite that takes advantage of organic flax fibres and nanoreinforced biobased polymers can increase characteristics while keeping the environment in mind. Adding aluminium trihydride (ATH) powder to the natural resin allows it to sustain rigidity without compromising toughness while increasing barrier and mechanical characteristics. Investigation of several composite samples confirmed this positive effect, with systems that contain 10% epoxidized methyl soyate (EMS) and 2.5 wt.% ATH maintains the original resin’s rigidity, strain to fracture, and hygromechanical characteristics while enhancing toughness. Mechanical testing like interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was found per the standard ASTM testing method. Among the various combinations, the second combinations (77.5 wt.% polyester, 2.5 wt.% ATH, and 20 wt.% of flax fibre) provide the highest value of ILSS (34.31 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the fractured surface of the nanocomposites and the degree of dispersion of the ATH filler.
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Sarsilmaz, Furkan. "Relationship between micro-structure and mechanical properties of dissimilar aluminum alloy plates by friction stir welding." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 1 (2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170825271s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Friction stir welding can be applied to weld dissimilar aluminum alloys which have different chemical and mechanical properties without causing any weld defects under a wide range of welding conditions. In this study, AA2024-T3 and AA6063-T6 aluminum alloys were selected and successfully welded in butt position together using by friction stir welding. The welding trials were conducted using different rotational speed and traverse speed conditions also investigating their effect on mechanical and micro-structural behavior of friction stir welding joints. The micro-structural evolution of the material was analyzed by optical observations and scanning electron microscopy inspections of the weld cross-sections. Tension and fatigue studies were also employed to the study. On the other hand, the fracture characterizations of samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Fatigue tests were performed by using a resonant electro-mechanical fatigue testing machine by axial bending fatigue test procedure. The fatigue strength has been analyzed drawing S-N curves. Experimental results indicate that micro-structural and mechanical properties are significantly affected by changing welding parameters within the chosen range of welding conditions.
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TAKAHASHI, Akihiro, Toshiro KOBAYASHI, Hiroyuki TODA, and Tohru MIZUTANI. "Effect of testing temperature from cryogenic to high temperatures on dynamic fracture properties in 5083 aluminum alloy." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 50, no. 8 (2000): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.50.386.
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Winarto, W., M. Anis, and B. Eka Febryansyah. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys and Pure Copper Joints." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926901001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Joining dissimilar metal alloys such as aluminum and copper is very difficult to be done because of alterations in chemical, metallurgical and physical behavior. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique which is one of the new methods used for joining the dissimilar metal. The material used is aluminum alloy 5052 and pure copper plates. The welding parameters were carried out with variable geometry shape of pin tools: taper and threaded cylindrical pin tools. Also preheating were performed on the part of copper plates with temperatures at both 25°C and 200°C. The friction stir welding of dissimilar joints was carried out at the rotary tool speed of 2800 rpm with the angle of 1 degree and the welding travel speed of 2 mm/sec. All welds were then carried out to several mechanical testing and microscopic observation. The results show that the variable geometry shape of pin tools and pre-heating on the copper part affect the microstructure grain size and the formation of Al-Cu inter-metallic phases. The creation of different structures influences the mechanical properties of the friction stir welds. The hardness of welds using threaded pin tools is higher than the tapper one. However, the tensile strength of dissimilar welds using the threaded cylindrical pin tools is lower than the tapper one. The fracture location commonly occurs at the part of aluminum plates having a brittle intermetallic phase.
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Xu, Cheng, Megumi Kawasaki, Minoru Furukawa, Z. Horita, and Terence G. Langdon. "Mechanical Properties of a Spray-Cast Aluminum Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of a spray-cast Al- 7034 alloy processed by severe plastic deformation. The alloy was received with an average grain size of ~2.1 μm and processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at a temperature of 473 K to give a grain size of ~0.3 μm after 6 or 8 passes. Following ECAP, the mechanical properties were evaluated at room temperature (298 K) and at an elevated temperature of 673 K. In tensile testing at ambient temperature, the stress-strain curves show very short regions of strain hardening after ECAP and low values for the ultimate tensile strength by comparison with the unpressed alloy. This lack of strength is due to the high pressures imposed by ECAP and the consequent fragmentation and dissolution of the rod-like MgZn2 precipitates. It is shown that the strength may be restored by performing an appropriate ageing treatment after ECAP. Superplastic ductilities were recorded at a temperature of 673 K with tensile elongations exceeding 1000%. Careful inspection of the polished surfaces of samples pulled to fracture in the superplastic condition revealed the occurrence of extensive internal cavitation. Quantitative measurements showed the development of these internal cavities is consistent with conventional superplastic alloys.
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Wang, Yuan Qing, Huan Xin Yuan, and Yong Jiu Shi. "Mechanical and Fatigue Performance Tests of Cast Aluminum Alloy ZL111 Adopted in Structure." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1961.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Characteristics of aluminum alloys such as light weight, high strength-to-weight ratio and favorable corrosion resistance have brought about a bright application prospect in building structures. Wrought alloys are applicable to common beams and columns, while casting alloys can be fabricated as connectors in point-supported glass curtain wall and joints in spatial latticed structures on account of easy implement of moulding. Because of high strength, outstanding castability and remarkable mechanical properties after heat treatment, ZL111 in aluminum-silicon alloys is regarded as a desirable option. However, aluminum alloys are non-linear materials and their properties vary with casting and heat treatment modes. It is the well-marked distinction between aluminum alloy and ordinary carbon steel that special study on mechanical and fatigue performance is required. ZL111 raw materials were selected, with alloying agent and fabrication processes meeting the requirement of GB/T 1173-1995 standard. After T6 heat treatment process, test coupons were obtained by machining from raw materials. By utilization of electronic universal testing machine and cryogenic box, tensile tests at room temperature and low temperatures were performed. High-circle fatigue tests were carried out to obtain the fatigue performance of the material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was introduced to observe morphology of tensile and fatigue fractures. The tests revealed the relationship between mechanical property index and temperature, which indicated that the ZL111-T6 would increase in strength and plasticity. The microstructure of fractures validated and explained the macroscopic results. Furthermore, material strength at room temperature or low temperatures, stiffness and fatigue performance could satisfy bearing and normal serviceability requirement. Because of non existence of ductile-brittle transition temperature, superior corrosion resistance and outstanding castability, ZL111-T6 material is prone to fabricate complicated elements and joints withstanding cryogenic environment instead of carbon steel.
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Baran, Marta, Dominik Nowakowski, Janusz Lisiecki, and Sylwester Kłysz. "Mechanical Tests Applied to Structural Health Monitoring: An Overview of Previous Experience." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2020, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2020-0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Laboratory for Materials Strength Testing (LMST) has been conducting accredited mechanical research for aviation from 2003. Among accredited procedures are e.g. low and high cycle fatigue tests, fracture toughness tests and fatigue crack growth rate tests. The main goal of them is obtaining materials constants and characteristics. However knowledge how to conduct these tests could be used also in other applications, for instance in the work on development of Structural Health Monitoring systems (SHM). When cracks propagate in a controlled way in laboratory conditions, it allows verifying the operation of a single sensor or a network of sensors. In this paper, an overview of mechanical tests carried out at the Laboratory for Materials Strength Testing within Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) work on research and development of SHM systems is presented. Specimens prepared from materials such as aluminum alloys (among other withdrawn PZL-130 Orlik TC-II aircraft) and CFRP composite were tested under different mechanical loads, i.e., cycle and impact loads. In the presented research, both constant amplitude and spectrum loads were applied.
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Rogachev, S. O., E. A. Naumova, A. A. Komissarov, M. A. Vasina, M. D. Pavlov, and A. A. Tokar’. "Effect of laser surface modification on the structure and mechanical properties of Al–8%Ca, Al–10%La, Al–10%Ce, and Al–6%Ni eutectic aluminum alloys." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 28, no. 6 (December 7, 2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-6-58-70.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Additive manufacturing, which includes a set of technologies for manufacturing complex-shaped products with the required set of properties, is currently widely developed. Most additive technologies are associated with the manufacture of the product by melting and fusion of metal powder particles due to laser irradiation. Al–Ca, Al–Ce, Al–La, and Al–Ni eutectic aluminum alloys featuring excellent casting properties are supposedly promising for use in additive technologies. However, there is very little information on the effect of laser processing on such eutectic structures in the literature. In this regard, the paper investigated the effect of laser irradiation on the structure and mechanical properties of samples made of eutectic compositions, namely Al–8%Ca, Al–10%La, Al–10%Ce, and Al–6%Ni. This was achieved by continuous laser modification of their surfaces. The hardening level was evaluated by measuring the microhardness of the modified surface. The mechanisms of sample fracture under tensile testing were established. It was shown that the distribution of the second component in the structure of modified sample surfaces of all the four alloys becomes more uniform compared to the base metal structure. In the Al–8%Ca alloy, the greatest hardening effect was observed, which, however, contributes to embrittlement under tensile stress. However, the modified Al–8%Ca alloy is of interest because of its increased hardness and possibly increased wear resistance. On the contrary, laser modification of the Al–10%Ce, Al–10%La, and Al–6%Ni alloy sample surfaces provides a lower hardening effect, but increases their tensile strength with the formation of a ductile or mixed ductile-brittle fracture. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using the Al–Ca, Al–Ce, Al–La, and Al–Ni alloys in additive manufacturing.
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Guo, Kang, Guoqing Gou, Hang Lv, and Meile Shan. "Jointing of CFRP/5083 Aluminum Alloy by Induction Brazing: Processing, Connecting Mechanism, and Fatigue Performance." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in the lightweight design of high-speed trains due to its high specific strength. In order to further reduce the weight of the high-speed train body, it is necessary to study the joining process and fatigue properties of CFRP/aluminum alloys (CFRP/Al) structure. In this work, the CFRP plate and 5083P-O aluminum plate were successfully connected by an induction brazing method. The optimum parameters of induction brazing were determined to be an induction temperature of 290 °C, a normal pressure of 200 kPa, and a holding time of 5 s. After the 5083 plate was pre-anodized, the tensile strength of the CFRP/5083 joint reached a maximum value of 176.5 MPa. The anodization process introduced more surface micro-structures on the 5083 plate, leading to a better wetting behavior between CFRP and oxide film. Meanwhile, a new chemical bond, Al-O-C, was also formed at the interface of the CFRP/5083 joint. The fatigue limit of the CFRP/5083 joint was calculated to be 71.68 MPa through high-cycle fatigue (HCF) testing. The fatigue cracks initiated from the interface of CFRP/oxide film, and then propagated to base metal. Finally, the oxide film was peeled off from the base metal under shear stress, which contributed to the fracture of the CFRP/5083 joint. The bonding strength between CFRP and 5083 aluminum alloy is far from the conventional welded joints. Therefore, feasible approaches should be proposed to obtain a more robust bonding between CFRP and aluminum alloy in the future.
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Jegdic, Bore, Biljana Bobic, Milos Pavlovic, Ana Alil, and Slavisa Putic. "Stress corrosion cracking resistance of aluminum alloy 7000 series after two-step aging." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 21, no. 2 (2015): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq140324024j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of one step-and a new (short) two-step aging on the resistance to stress corrosion cracking of an aluminum alloy 7000 series was investigated, using slow strain rate test and fracture mechanics method. Aging level in the tested alloy was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy and measurements of electrical resistivity. It was shown that the alloy after the new two-step aging is significantly more resistant to stress corrosion cracking. Values of tensile properties and fracture toughness are similar for both thermal states. Processes that take place at the crack tip have been considered. The effect of the testing solution temperature on the crack growth rate on the plateau was determined. Two values of the apparent activation energy were obtained. These values correspond to different processes that control crack growth rate on the plateau at higher and lower temperatures.
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Arun, K. V., and Manjula S. "Mechanism of Fracture in Pre-Cracked Single-Edged Notched Bars With AI2O3-TiO2 and WC-CO Coatings." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 9, no. 2 (July 2021): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2021070103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experimental analysis is made to investigate the most significant fracture characterizing parameters in plasma sprayed substrate-coating composite. The experiments were conducted on the single edge notched bars (SENB) made with 7075 series aluminum alloy, with plasma sprayed Al2O3-TiO2 and WC-Co top coats. The pre-cracked bars were fractured in computerized universal testing machine in controlled conditions. The material has been tested under age-hardened and coated conditions also. The results have revealed that the age hardening and type of coating have a much influence on strain energy release rate. The experimental results have shown that WC-Co coated normal materials possess higher strength whereas uncoated normal materials possess lower strength. It is also found that Al2O3-TiO2 coated material possess better coating bond strength and moderate load bearing capacity. The SEM fractographic analysis has been made to analyze the fracture behavior as a function of coating type and the material conditions.
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Liew, Li-Anne, David T. Read, and Nicholas Barbosa. "Fatigue testing of bulk materials using a microsystems based approach." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (January 1, 2014): 000632–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-ta34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fatigue, the degradation of a material's mechanical properties due to cyclic loading, is a critical issue limiting the reliability of structural materials[1]. Fatigue testing of materials is typically carried out in controlled laboratory conditions on specially prepared specimens, and the results are extrapolated to real world conditions. In the past two decades, conventional fatigue testing machines and specimens have undergone miniaturization for the purpose of evaluating the fatigue properties of miniaturized mechanical components such as sensors and biomedical implants, with the smallest test specimens having dimensions on the order of 1 mm length [2] or consisting of foils and wires [3]. Challenges with miniaturization include difficulty in specimen handling, gripping, and alignment. At the same time, MEMS technology has been used to fabricate the actuators and sensors for fatigue testing of thin films [4]. In this approach, the specimen is typically part of the MEMS actuator and is fabricated in-situ. While this eliminates the problems with specimen gripping and alignment, it limits the specimen materials to those from which MEMS actuators and sensors can be readily fabricated, is destructive to the MEMs device, and furthermore is typically limited to thin films. We seek to use the advantages of MEMS to study the fatigue properties of bulk materials rather than thin films, but at the micrometer scale. This allows for greater accuracy and spatial resolution, compared to the state of the art, of property measurements of structural materials such as aluminum and stainless steel alloys as well as other materials used in civil infrastructure, aerospace, transportation and energy industries. Our approach is to use MEMS as chip-scale re-useable test instruments into which small specimens cut from bulk materials can be inserted and tested [5]. We describe the design of the MEMS test instrument and the metal foil specimen, whose gage section was 135 um wide and 25 um thick. The test instrument was fabricated from silicon and glass wafers, and the specimens were etched from commercially available Al 1145 H19 foil. Our S-N curve agrees within expectation with published values for similar aluminum alloys tested using conventional methods at much larger specimen size scales, and the fracture surface shows distinct regions corresponding to slow and fast crack growth. We envision this test technique as a tool to further the study of the fatigue properties of structural materials.
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Snilsberg, Knuter E., Ida Westermann, Bjørn Holmedal, Odd Sture Hopperstad, Y. Langsrud, and Knut Marthinsen. "Anisotropy of Bending Properties in Industrial Heat-Treatable Extruded Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present work, three-point bending tests have been performed on four commercially extruded 6xxx- and 7xxx alloys, one with a fibrous and one with a recrystallized grain-structure for each alloy class, with the bending axis orientated 0, 45 and 90° with respect to the extrusion direction. Microstructure and texture characterization as well as tensile testing of the same materials have been performed and correlated with the bending results. In general there is good agreement between the bending angle and the fracture strain for all alloys, with the highest values in the extrusion direction. However, there are no indications in the microstructure and texture that explain the large differences in bendability observed. Die lines and recrystallized layer on a fibrous alloy have been removed to investigate their effect on the bending behaviour. However, these effects also seem to be limited, and cannot explain the anisotropy effects observed in bending angles.
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ADACHI, TADAHARU, HIROTAKA GOTO, WAKAKO ARAKI, TAKAHIRO OMORI, NORIYASU KAWAMURA, MINORU MUKAI, and TAKASHI KAWAKAMI. "TESTING METHOD FOR MEASURING IMPACT STRENGTH OF BGA SOLDER JOINTS ON ELECTRONIC PACKAGE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920804630x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A pendulum-impact testing machine was developed to measure the impact strength of ball-grid-array (BGA) solder joints between an electronic package and a circuit board. Ball solders were connected to daisy-chain between a dummy electronic package and a circuit board. The upper side of the package was directly bonded to a load cell. The rear side of the circuit board was also bonded to an aluminum alloy block fixed on a base. A pendulum made of aluminum alloy was collided into the load cell to apply tensile impact to the solder joints through the load cell. The history of the impact load could be controlled by raising the angle of the pendulum. The fracture of a BGA solder joint was detected by measuring the resistance of the daisy-chain circuit on the board. Therefore, the impact strengths of the solder joints at electrical disconnection and mechanical breaking of all joints could be determined. The experimental results showed that this method is useful for measuring the impact strength of BGA solder joints.