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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Wei, Ya Nan, Fei Fei Zhang, Bo Wei, Hui Xu, and Kai He. "Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Tubular Electrohydraulic Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 871 (January 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.871.80.

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Анотація:

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a kind of high speed forming process, which deforms the metal by shock wave through instantaneous discharge of high voltage in water. Compared with the traditional forming methods, this high speed forming process can greatly improve the formability of the materials. There are many processing factors that affect the forming efficiency and performance of the electrohydraulic forming process, one of which is the discharge voltage between the electrodes. In this paper, three electrohydraulic forming experiments with various die shapes were carried out under various discharge voltage conditions. And the bulge height and axial length of the aluminum alloy A6061 tubes under different conditions were compared. Besides, finite element numerical simulation was also performed to quantitatively investigate the deformation history of the tube.

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2

Oke, Sunday Ayoola, Kenechukwu Obinna Okponyia, and Olusola Adeyemi. "Applications of AHP, FAHP, BWM, Entropy, and CRITIC Methods in Electrohydraulic Forming Process Parametric Evaluation for Automotive Panels Using the 1100 Aluminum Alloy Sheets." International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/ijieem.v4i2.5527.

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Although multicriteria selection methods are flexible and extensively used in machining, less attention has been paid to their comprehensive test performance in the electrohydraulic forming process. In this study, five new applications of multicriteria selection methods are proposed to analyze available parameters in the electrohydraulic forming process and select parameters best suited for further analysis and improvement of the process. The analyzed parameters are the stand-off distance, electrode gap, voltage, and medium, while the multicriteria methods are the AHP, FAHP, BMW, entropy, and CRITIC. The proposed methods were demonstrated on experimental data from the literature utilizing an impulse magnetizer system (walker type). For each method, the prioritized parametric results were obtained. All the methods assign the first position to the medium as a parameter with consensus on the voltage parameter has the worst (lowest) value of weights in all the methods. The weights of the medium parameter for the best results are 0.5030 (AHP method), 0.5600 (FAHP method), 0.5230 (best-worst method), 0.4090 (entropy method), and 0.5000 (CRITIC method). The worst parameter for all the methods is the voltage of 0.0320 (FAHP method). The results obtained from the proposed applications were compared with one another and found to be effective for multicriteria selection decisions. This article offers new methods to establish the parametric values of the electrohydraulic forming process for machining composites made of AA1100 sheets.

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3

Woo, Min-A., Woo-Jin Song, Beom-Soo Kang, and Jeong Kim. "Evaluation of formability enhancement of aluminum alloy sheet in electrohydraulic forming process with free-bulge die." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 101, no. 1-4 (November 14, 2018): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2989-3.

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4

Yu, Haiping, Lichao Sun, Xu Zhang, Shoulong Wang, and Chunfeng Li. "Experiments on electrohydraulic forming and electromagnetic forming of aluminum tube." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 89, no. 9-12 (August 16, 2016): 3169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9261-5.

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5

Langstädtler, Lasse, Holger Pegel, Marius Herrmann, Christian Schenck, and Bernd Kuhfuss. "Electrohydraulic incremental bulk metal forming." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819003001.

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Анотація:

Electrohydraulic forming is a working media based high speed technique that is usually applied for sheet metal processing. In this process a shock wave acts as a flexible punch that transmits the punching force in a very short period of time. This force is usually used to accelerate the workpiece towards the passive tool. In Contrast to sheet forming, the electrohydraulic method is still not adapted to bulk forming. Although, the exchange of a mechanical rigid punch by a shockwave with a flexible shape enables special advantages especially if parts with millimeter dimensions or smaller are to be processed. But in case of deep and small cavities with a high aspect ratio are to be filled, the forming energy is not transferable within one shock wave. To overcome these obstacles the incremental electrohydraulic forming is introduced. As an example, the electrohydraulic extrusion of cylindrical samples (aluminum Al99.5) with an initial diameter of 1.5 mm was performed with a series of consecutive shock waves.

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6

Shim, Ji-Yeon, and Bong-Yong Kang. "Development of Electrohydraulic Forming Process for Aluminum Sheet with Sharp Edge." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2715092.

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Анотація:

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF), high-velocity forming technology, can improve the formability of a workpiece. Accordingly, this process can help engineers create products with sharper edges, allowing a product’s radius of curvature to be less than 2 mm radius of curvature. As a forming process with a high-strain rate, the EHF process produces a shockwave and pressure during the discharge of an electrical spark between electrodes, leading to high-velocity impact between the workpiece and die. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop an EHF process for forming a lightweight materials case with sharp edges. In order to do so, we employed A5052-H32, which has been widely used in the electric appliance industry. After drawing an A5052-H32 Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) via a standard limiting dome height (LDH) test, improvements to the formability via the EHF process were evaluated by comparing the strain between the LDH test and the EHF process. From results of the combined formability, it is confirmed that the formability was improved nearly twofold, and a sharp edge with less than 2 mm radius of curvature was created using the EHF process.

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7

Ahmed, Meraj, D. Ravi Kumar, and M. Nabi. "Enhancement of Formability of AA5052 Alloy Sheets by Electrohydraulic Forming Process." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 26, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2446-0.

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8

Kimura, Minami. "Emboss Forming of Superplastic Aluminum Alloy." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2003.11 (2003): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2003.11.387.

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9

Priem, Didier, Surendar Marya, and Guillaume Racineux. "On the Forming of Metallic Parts through Electromagnetic and Electrohydraulic Processing." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.655.

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Анотація:

Forming of metallic parts by the application of high intensity transitory magnetic pulses or shock waves is a challenge task from industrial perspectives as this offers extended scope of forming highly precise parts that result from material behavior at high deformation rates. Electromagnetic forming requires that the part must be intrinsically very conducting. The electrohydraulic forming is exempt from this material constraint as the deformation is generated by a shock wave in a fluid through electric discharge in between the electrodes. The application of a static pressure during forming is used to reduce the discharge energy for a given deformation. Work has been conducted to form different parts through these two techniques involving aluminum, copper and steels. The paper presents the technical obstacles still facing the electromagnetic techniques and gives examples of formed parts and joints in relation with microstructures.

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10

Zhou, Ji Ming, Zhen Li, Le Hua Qi, and Xin Kang Wang. "Liquid-Solid Microextrusion of Aluminum Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 256 (September 2016): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.256.175.

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Liquid-solid microextrusion is one type of microplastic forming processes at elevated temperature and can be used in the forming of pins, screws, shafts, and gears in micro-scale. Microextrusion setup operated by use of ball screw was designed and fabricated by authors. Microshaft of diameter 1 mm was extruded in the liquid-solid state at different forming temperature from Al-Mg alloy ER5356 billet of 4 mm in diameter. Heating temperature in the furnace for billet were set 650, 700, 750, and 800 degree C which was corresponding to the forming temperature range from 475 to 631 degree C because of temperature drop during transfer from furnace to mold. Forming load ranged from 4kN to 8kN. Microstructural observation shows that the grain size was reduced greatly compared to the original billet material. Microindention hardness shows that the extruded pin was strengthened which caused by small grain size.

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11

Avramets, D. R. "Microstructure of aluminum alloy 6111 under pulse-static and pulse electrohydraulic deformation." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 49, no. 6 (November 2013): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375513060033.

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12

Ogawa, Takayuki. "Forming simulation technology for aluminum alloy sheet." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 65, no. 11 (2015): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.65.549.

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13

Yoshida, Kengo. "Forming limit diagram of aluminum alloy sheets." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 70, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.70.490.

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14

Xu, Feng, Dongmei Gong, Ke Chen, Kemin Xue, and Ping Li. "Isothermal Forming of Aluminum Alloy Control Arm." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 394 (August 7, 2018): 032036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/394/3/032036.

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15

Iyama, Hirofumi, and Shigeru Itoh. "Study on Explosive Forming of Aluminum Alloy." International Journal of Multiphysics 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1750-9548.4.4.341.

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16

Du, Zhihao, Zanshi Deng, Xiaohui Cui, and Ang Xiao. "Deformation Behavior and Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy under Electromagnetic Hot Forming." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174954.

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Анотація:

High-strength 7075 aluminum alloy is widely used in the aerospace industry. The forming performance of 7075 aluminum alloy is poor at room temperature. Therefore, hot forming is mainly adopted. Electromagnetic forming is a high-speed forming technology that can significantly improve the forming limit of difficult-to-deform materials. However, there are few studies on electromagnetic hot forming of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. In this study, the deformation behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in the temperature range of 25 °C to 400 °C was investigated. As the temperature increased, the sheet forming height first decreased, then increased. When the forming temperature is between 200 °C and 300 °C, η phase coarsening leads to a decrease in stress and hardness of the material. When the forming temperature is between 300 °C and 400 °C, continuous dynamic recrystallization of 7075 aluminum alloy occurs, resulting in grain refinement and an increase in stress and hardness. The results of numerical simulations and experiments all show that the forming height and deformation uniformity of the sheet metal are optimal at 400 °C, compared to 200 °C.

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17

Zhang, Feifei, Jieshi Chen, and Jun Chen. "Forming limit prediction for two-stage aluminum alloy sheet forming process considering the effect of normal stress." Engineering Computations 33, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 1192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-07-2015-0185.

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Анотація:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically the influence of normal stress on the formability of aluminum alloy sheets in non-linear strain paths. Design/methodology/approach – Four loading modes of non-linear strain paths are investigated in detail to consider the effect of normal stress on formability of aluminum alloy sheets. Findings – Results show that the influence of normal stress in the first stage can be ignored. However, the normal stress in the second stage enhances the formability of aluminum alloy sheets obviously. Besides, the normal stress in the second stage is found to have larger effect on forming limit stress than that in the first stage. Research limitations/implications – Maybe more experiment data should be obtained to support the theoretical findings. Originality/value – This current study provides a better understanding of normal stress effect on the formability of aluminum alloy sheets in non-linear strain paths. Since the reacting stage of normal stress play important roles in normal stress effect on the formability of aluminum alloy sheets, the insight obtained in this paper will help to judge the instability of aluminum alloy sheets in complex forming processes with normal stress reacting on the sheet or tube.

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18

Tabatabaei, Hamed Mofidi, Tetta Tajima, and Tadashi Nishihara. "Trials of Developing a Magnetic Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite through Friction Stir Spot Forming." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.17.

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Анотація:

In present study, possibility of developing a new magnetic aluminum-based composite material by using principles of friction stir forming (FSF) is studied. Friction stir forming is a new materials forming technique which uses frictional heat to plasticize and plastically deform the alloy. Local magnetizing and local hardening of A6061 aluminum alloy is discussed by attempts of embedding and dispersing iron oxide powder and steel balls into A6061 aluminum alloy through spotted friction stir forming. Experiments revealed that FSF can be used to mechanically interlock steel balls and iron oxide with aluminum alloy and develop an aluminum metal matrix composite with improved magnetic properties. Results are discussed in terms of microstructural observation, hardness and magnetic properties.

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19

Yang, Jin, Wen Zhi Fu, Ming Zhe Li, and Yan Wen Yang. "Optimization of Multi-Point Forming for Aluminum Alloy Profile." Materials Science Forum 1033 (June 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1033.13.

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According to the profile processing, two forming processes are proposed, i.e., multi-point stamping forming and multi-point stretch forming. Through the finite element simulation, two forming processes are simulated and compared. The analysis results show that the longitudinal springback and transverse forming error of parts by multi-point stretch forming are smaller than those by multi-point stamping forming, so the multi-point stretch forming process is suitable for processing this kind of aluminum alloy profile.

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20

Li, Lu, and Fang Wang. "Simulation Study on Influence of Forming Process Parameters on Backward Extrusion Height of 6061 Aluminum-Alloy Wheel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.363.

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Анотація:

Backward extrusion process of aluminum-alloy wheel forging is analyzed by the finite element method. The influence of punch speed and forming temperature on the backward extrusion height of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel is discussed. Studies show that the backward extrusion height increases with increasing forming temperature, and with decreasing punch speed at the same deformation load. It is indicated that when the ranges of forming temperature is from 450 to 500°C and the punch speed is 0.5-1 mm/s, the aluminum alloy wheel has the optimal forming quality. The analysis and conclusions in this paper are helpful in developing the hot extrusion technology specification of 6061 aluminum alloy.

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21

Li, Mao Ting, Yong Zhang, and Chui You Kong. "Numerical Simulation of Bulging Process of Aluminum Alloy Sheet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 327 (June 2013): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.327.112.

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Анотація:

Basing on software MSC. Marc of non-linear finite element analysis, the article has studied the material flow in the process of aluminum alloy superplastic gas bulging forming. By analyzing of the thickness distribution of the molding member it confirm the danger zone in the forming process. By analyzing of pressure loading curve influence on forming part. Because the aluminum alloy is widely used in the industrial departments, it is supposed to improve the ability of forming ability of aluminum alloy by researching the superplastic forming.

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22

OTSU, Masaaki, Hiroki MATSUO, Mitsuhiro MATSUDA, and Kazuki TAKASHIMA. "Forming of A5052 Aluminum Alloy Sheets by Friction Stir Incremental Forming." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 52, no. 605 (2011): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.52.710.

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23

Xiao, Tong Mei, Jian Zhang, Zhi Hua Wang, and Da Sen Bi. "The Experimental Research of Tension and Performance of Press for 6061 Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1519.

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Анотація:

Tensile properties of 6061 aluminum alloy sheet were investigated by means of electric universal test machine, scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) etc．and compared with those parameters of 6010 aluminum alloy; By using machine performance parameters of 6061 aluminum alloy ,finite element software eta/DYNAFORM of Sheet Forming made the numerical simulation of Erichsen tester process of 6061 aluminum alloy sheet ,and the result of numerical simulation compared with actual Erichsen tester. The press forming performance of 6061 alloy sheet have been analyzed．The results show that compared with 6010 aluminum alloy, proof strength σs and tensile strength σb of 6061 aluminum alloy sheet exhibits worse,but even percentage elongation δ of 6061 alloy sheet exhibits similar; The value IE of numerical simulation exhibits similar with actual value IE. So 6061 aluminum alloy sheet have formability in a certain extent and apply in some fields of automobile instead of 6010 aluminum alloy.

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24

Ohashi, Takahiro, Jia Zhao Chen, Tadashi Nishihara, and Hamed Mofidi Tabatabaei. "Friction Stir Forming of Aluminum Alloy Gear-Racks." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.665.

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Friction-stir-forming (FSF) of gear-racks of JIS A5083 aluminum alloy is reported in this paper. We put a material plate on a gear-rack die and conducted friction stirring on its back surface. The material deformed and precisely filled the fine cavity of the die due to high pressure and heat caused by friction stirring. This study investigates the forming conditions and the corresponding results, including the material fill ratio in the tooth. It is thought that the deformation volume of the material is key for the fill ratio, and the shoulder diameter of the tool in a single-pass process or the path area in a multi-pass process affects it as well.

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25

Zeng, Zhi Peng, Yan Shu Zhang, Yi Zhou, and Quan Lin Jin. "Superplastic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Car Body Panels." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3025.

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An experimental study on superplastic forming of a front fender of 5182 aluminum alloy is presented in this paper. Based on the shape characters of the front fender and the material experimental results, dies, heater and temperature controller for superplastic forming of the fender are designed and manufactured. The SPF results show the designed processing and dies are reasonable and feasible.

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26

Nishiwaki, Takeshi, and Naoyuki Kanetake. "Stretch Forming of Peripherally Softened Aluminum Alloy Sheets." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 47, no. 541 (2006): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.47.134.

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27

LIU, Xin, Yong-chao XU, and Shi-jian YUAN. "Hydro-forming of aluminum alloy complex-shaped components." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 21 (August 2011): s417—s422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61617-8.

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28

Shang, Jianhui, Larry Wilkerson, and Steve Hatkevich. "Hemming of Aluminum Alloy Sheets Using Electromagnetic Forming." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20, no. 8 (November 2011): 1370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-9988-y.

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29

Cai, W. D., J. Smugeresky, and E. J. Lavernia. "Low-pressure spray forming of 2024 aluminum alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 241, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(97)00477-2.

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30

DOHDA, kuniaki, Zhrgang WANG, Kazuto MIWA, and Satoshi KASIWAYA. "Lubricity of MoDTP in Aluminum Alloy Sheet Forming." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 67, no. 654 (2001): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.67.521.

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31

Yildiz, R. A. "Explosive Forming of Precipitation-Hardened Aluminum Alloy Tubes." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 58, no. 6 (December 2022): 738–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508222060119.

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32

Yildiz, R. A. "Explosive Forming of Precipitation-Hardened Aluminum Alloy Tubes." Физика горения и взрыва 58, no. 6 (2022): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/fgv20220611.

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33

Zhao, Pei Feng, Cun Cang Han, Yan Min Zhang, and Ke Xing Song. "Research and Analysis of Material Flow Regularity in the Process of Cross Wedge Rolling for Wrought Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.172.

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Анотація:

With widely use of aluminum alloy in the cares and other industry fields and the like, the aluminum alloy workpieces are becoming the important components, such as load bearing and so on, in which it has been gradually paid attention to the formation and the producing roughcast of shaft forging part of aluminum alloy. the process of across wedge rolling for wrought aluminum alloy has gradually taken notice of improving production rate and saving metal in this field because of its advantages and superiorities. It is very necessary to research and analyze the flow regularity and forming characteristic of aluminum alloy. In this paper, the forming process of cross wedge rolling for wrought aluminum alloy is simulated with Deform 6.0 soft. Thus, it is analyzed that features about cross wedge rolling for aluminum alloy and changeable characteristic of stress in the central axis and changeable regular of effective stress in wedging stage and stretching stage . At the same time, it is researched that the flow characteristic of aluminum alloy from outer layer to central axis. The results as following: in the forming process of cross wedge rolling for aluminum alloy, the central portion of workpiece is applied by two pairs of tensile stress and one pair of compression stress. The flowing velocity of aluminum alloy is gradually reducing from outer layer to center portion along workpiece’s axis. Keywords: Cross Wedge Rolling, Wrought Aluminum alloy, Stress, Numerical simulation

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34

Zhang, Wei, and Yandong Yu. "Closed-die Forging Technology and Numerical Simulation of Aluminum Alloy Connecting Rod." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0051.

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Анотація:

Abstract In order to improve quality and reveal the law of precision forging, closed-die forging technology is used in this paper to conduct a numerical analysis of the forming process of aluminum alloy connecting rod by the DEFORM software. Forming effects under different loading modes were acquired, and forming process, blank flow characteristics, stress-strain distribution and load-stroke curve characteristics were analyzed. Study results indicate that the forming effect under the loading mode featuring first movement of lateral punch and then movement of upper and lower punches is good with high quality forge piece and no defect, the closed-die forging technology of aluminum alloy connecting rod is reasonable and feasible. Under a certain deformation velocity and deformation mode, aluminum alloy connecting rod forming load firstly reduces and then increases, the forming load is in direct proportion to deformation velocity. When the forming process is finished, forming load reaches 130T, it accords with the production practice. The study results provide a certain reference for guiding the formulation of closed-die forging production technology of aluminum alloy connecting rods.

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35

Talebi-Anaraki, Ali, Mehdi Chougan, Mohsen Loh-Mousavi, and Tomoyoshi Maeno. "Hot Gas Forming of Aluminum Alloy Tubes Using Flame Heating." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020056.

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Анотація:

Hot metal gas forming (HMGF) is a desirable way for the automotive industry to produce complex metallic parts with poor formability, such as aluminum alloys. A simple hot gas forming method was developed to form aluminum alloy tubes using flame heating. An aluminum alloy tube was heated by a flame torch while the tube was rotated and compressed using a lathe machine and simultaneously pressurized with a constant air pressure. The effects of the internal pressure and axial feeding on expansion and wall thickness distribution were examined. The results showed that the proposed gas forming method was effective for forming aluminum alloy tubes. It was also indicated that axial feeding is a vital parameter to prevent reductions in wall thickness by supplying the material flow during the forming process.

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36

Yu, Shixiang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Mengxi Sun, Hang Cheng, Mingwen Ren, and Hongjie Jia. "Experimental and numerical study of thermoforming of Al/CFRP hybrid composites." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 11 (March 25, 2022): 1765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983221087372.

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Composite materials are more and more widely used in the automotive industry with the increasing requirements of lightweight design. In order to obtain automotive parts with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was integrated with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) by using thermoforming process. The influence of four forming methods on the forming process, forming accuracy, and interface bonding strength was studied in this work. A finite element model based on cohesion and forming was established to study the integrated thermoforming and properties prediction of Al/CFRP hybrid composites. The results showed that forming CFRP and unformed 7075 Al aluminum alloy sheet together required higher forming energy and the formed parts had higher Mises stresses. When the CFRP was located below 7075 aluminum alloy sheet, the uneven stress distribution due to the severe deformation of the resin resulted in the worst forming accuracy. For all four processes, the thickness of the formed parts decreased at the round corners and side wall area, increased at the flange area, and changed little at bottom surface. The thickness distribution of the formed part depends on the deformation process and the contact pressure between the tools and the blank. Greater contact pressure resulted in greater thinning rate. For the processes of preformed 7075 aluminum alloy, although less forming force was needed, the interface debonding risk between 7075 aluminum alloy and CFRP might arise due to the small contact pressure.

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37

Wen, Liang, Yongjie Li, Silai Zheng, Hao Xu, Yunshuang Liu, Qiaolong Yuan, Yuanpeng Zhang, et al. "Study on Deformation Force of Hard Aluminum Alloy Incremental Forming." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 7, 2023): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030571.

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The deformation force is an important factor affecting the forming accuracy of parts in the incremental forming process of sheet metal. This paper proposes an analytical calculation method of the deformation force based on pure shear deformation. After assuming and simplifying the factors affecting the deformation force, a graphical method is used to approximate the contact area between the forming tool and the sheet metal. A forming test is also designed. In addition, the deformation force is measured in the experiment, and its theoretical analysis value is compared with the actual measurement value of the forming test to validate the analytical method of deformation force calculation. The results show that the radial forming deviations are 28.5% and 22.5%, the axial deformation force deviations are 9.8% and 16.1%, and the forming force deviations are 6.3% and 10.3%, which demonstrates the effectiveness of using the analytical method to calculate the deformation force.

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38

Puga, Hélder. "Casting and Forming of Advanced Aluminum Alloys." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040494.

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39

Xiao, Ang, Changqing Huang, Ziqin Yan, Xiaohui Cui, and Shipeng Wang. "Improved forming capability of 7075 aluminum alloy using electrically assisted electromagnetic forming." Materials Characterization 183 (January 2022): 111615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111615.

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40

Zhang, Zi Cheng, Kenichi Manabe, Tsuyoshi Furushima, Kazuo Tada, and Osamu Sasaki. "Deformation Behavior of Aluminum Alloy Tube in Semi-Dieless Metal Bellows Forming Process with Local Heating Technique." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1742.

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The metal bellows are used in a large number of industrial applications for their flexile and elastic properties. For the traditional manufacturing methods for metal bellows, the dies and (or) tools are required. It is inconvenient to change the shape of metal bellows and also leads to the high cost. To reduce the manufacturing cost and produce the metal bellows with various shapes, the semi-dieless metal bellows forming process was proposed. The deformation behavior of aluminum alloy tube in semi-dieless bellows forming process was investigated in the study. The effects of compression ratio, heating length on the convolution height, pitch of bellows during the semi-dieless bellows forming process were studied. The results showed that the deformation conditions of semi-dieless forming process have significant influences on the shape of aluminum alloy bellows and deformation behavior of aluminum alloy tube in the forming process. The increase of compression ratio, heating temperature and heating length resulted in the increase of pitch and decrease convolution height of aluminum alloy metal bellows.

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41

Liu, Hong Wei, and Peng Zhang. "Forming Limit Diagram of Stainless Steel-Aluminum Alloy Clad." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.541.

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The forming limit diagram of clad was developed with Hill’s instability criterion and M–K analysis at the positive strain ratio. The relationships of forming limit with stain path, thickness ratio and thickness irregular coefficient were analyzed. The results show that the forming limit of clad material is between those of its component materials, and increase with the rising of stainless steel thickness ratio and the thickness irregular coefficient. The most suitable value of f0 is 0.094 and the stainless steel aluminum clad break with local interfacial cracks.

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42

Zhang, Ronɡ Hua, Yon Gan Zhang, and Bao Hong Zhu. "Flow Stress Behavior of Al-Fe-V-Si Heat-Resistant Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Spray Forming under Hot-Compression Deformation." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.223.

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The behavior of the flow stress of Al-Fe-V-Si heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by spray forming during hot compression deformation was studied. The results show that the true stress-true strain curves of the spray forming Al-Fe-V-Si heat-resistant alloy are characterized by a high true stress occurrence at the early stage of compression, followed by a steady flowing due to recovery and strain softening because of dynamic recrystallization. The flow stress of the alloy decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the spray forming Al-Fe-V-Si heat-resistant aluminum alloy during hot compression deforming can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function．The deformation activation energy of the alloy during hot deformation by Sellars-Tegart equation is much higher than those of the conventional aluminum alloy. The deformation activation energy decreases with decreasing strain rate at the beginning, then increases with decreasing strain rate. Keywords：Al-Fe-V-Si alloy；heat-resistant aluminum alloy；hot compression deformation；flow stress

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43

Younes, Wael, Eliane Giraud, and Phillippe dal Santo. "Plasticity Criterion for Hot Forming of Aluminum-Lithium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1103.

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Anisotropic behavior at high temperature of an Aluminum-Lithium alloy was studied. Mechanical tests at a temperature of 350°C and a strain rate of 10-2 s-1 were carried out on samples taken at different angles with respect to the rolling direction of the sheet. Two plasticity criteria (HILL48 and HU2005) were identified and implemented in ABAQUS to predict the anisotropic behavior of the alloy for other angles. Results show that: (i) the alloy exhibits an anisotropic behavior at high temperature and some recrystallization occurs during plastic deformation; (ii) the coefficients of anisotropy depend on strain level and (iii) HU2005 criterion allows describing the behavior of the alloy at high temperature.

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44

Dong, Hong Bo, and Gao Chao Wang. "Defect Analysis of Cup-Shaped Aluminum Alloy Forgings with Flange." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.349.

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Effect of the size and shape of cup shaped forgings with flange on forming capability of aluminum alloy was investigated. The numerical simulation was carried out on the extrusion forming process for each part using two-dimensional elastoplastic finite element method. The metal flow behavior was analyzed, and the forming defects were predicted. Meanwhile, the corresponding experimental researches were conducted. The results show that the forming defects like folding or crack appear in each aluminum alloy forging. The size and shape of cup shaped parts have a great influence on the type and size of forming defects. Good agreement is found between the numerical results and experimental work. The results present important references for technology analysis and mould design.

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45

Bariani, Paolo F., Stefania Bruschi, Andrea Ghiotti, and Francesco Michieletto. "Deformation of AA6016 Aluminum Alloy Sheets at High Temperature and Strain Rate." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.114.

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The production of aluminum alloy components through sheet forming processes conducted at elevated temperatures is gaining more and more interest as it gives raise to the possibility of a significant enhancement of the metal formability characteristics, compared to room temperature forming. However, conventional forming processes at elevated temperatures on aluminum alloy sheets are usually carried out under superplastic forming regime conditions, which are too slow to be applicable to mass production typical of the automotive industry. The aim of the present study is to investigate the formability characteristics of AA6016 aluminum alloy sheets when deformed at elevated temperature, but in a range of strain rates higher than those usually applicable in superplastic forming. To this aim, uni-axial tensile tests were carried out to evaluate both the material ductility in terms of true strain at fracture as a function of the temperature and strain rate, and the alloy post-forming characteristics after testing. In such a way, the optimal forming conditions in terms of temperature, strain rate and microstructural features were identified.

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46

Shin, Je Sik, and Sung Ho Chang. "Effect of Melt Treatment on Forming and Brazing Characteristics of 4343/3003/4343 Aluminum Clad Sheet." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.457.

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In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of grain refining of 3003 core alloy on forming and brazing characteristics of 4343/3003/4343 aluminum clad sheet. Ti inoculation level was changed up to 0.1wt% by adding Al-10Ti master alloy into 3003 aluminum melt as grain refiner. The three-layer aluminum clad sheets of 0.7 mm thickness were fabricated by hot roll bonding process. The forming and brazing characteristics were evaluated by measuring FLD (forming limit diagram), bonding strength and sagging resistance.

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47

Th. Jumah, O., and W. J. Ali. "Warm Forming of Aluminum Alloy 2024 at Different Temperatures." AL-Rafdain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 20, no. 2 (April 28, 2012): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2012.47283.

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48

Satish, D. Raja, Fitsum T. Feyissa, and D. Ravi Kumar. "Formability of Cryorolled Aluminum Alloy Sheets in Warm Forming." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 6, no. 2 (April 2018): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2018.6.2.360.

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49

Jin, F., M. Gu, and H. Zhong. "High-strain-rate forming performance of an aluminum alloy." Materiali in tehnologije 54, no. 5 (October 16, 2020): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2019.255.

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50

Крукович, Марат, Marat Krukovich, Виталий Иноземцев, Vitaliy Inozemtsev, Михаил Куликов, Mikhail Kulikov, Наинг Мо, and Naing Mo. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FORMING PROCESSES AT ALUMINUM ALLOY TREATMENT." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22063.

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It is well known that machining aluminum and its alloys is accompanied by very considerable changes in quality parameters of parts surface layers which affect greatly performance attributes. The study of the machining conditions influence upon surface layer quality in parts allows defining optimum cutting parameters and increasing performance attributes of many parts. It is well known that there are alternative methods of shaping which are a combined treatment which can include a mechanical, electrical and chemical influence upon a surface worked. Combined methods of treatment possess a wide range of controlled factors affecting a quality level of a surface formed and that is why they are convenient and effective in use during processes of shaping in parts made of difficult-to cut and heterogeneous materials. As the investigation results have shown during edge cutting machining anodic-mechanical treatment in the course of cutting Al 2 and Al 3 silumins the oxides formation on the surface worked worsens considerably electrochemical processes. Particularly it is significant at anodic dissolution of aluminum alloys having a high capacity to oxidation. The method of electromechanical combined treatment allows managing qualitative indices in the course of surface shaping and as a result promoting the achievement of an essential level in quality parameters of a surface level.

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