Статті в журналах: "Aluminous multilayer materials"

1

Gonzalez, E. J., J. E. Bonevich, G. R. Stafford, G. White, and D. Josell. "Thermal transport through thin films: Mirage technique measurements on aluminum/titanium multilayers." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 3 (March 2000): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0110.

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Thermal transport properties of multilayer thin films both normal and parallel to the layers were measured. Al/Ti multilayer films 3 μm thick, with individual layers systematically varied from 2.5 to 40 nm, were studied on Si substrates. Layers of Al and Ti were nominally equal in thickness, with actual composition determined for each specimen using energy dispersive spectroscopy. The thermal diffusivity both in the plane and normal to the plane of the films (thermal conductivity divided by specific heat per volume) was found to decrease significantly with decreasing bilayer thickness. Pure Ti and Al films as well as Cu films from 0.1 to 5 μm thick were also studied. In-plane electrical conductances of the Al/Ti multilayers were also measured.

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2

Sherkatghanad, Ehsan, Li Hui Lang, and Shi Chen Liu. "Multilayer and Fiber Metal Laminate Materials Hydro-Bulging." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1996–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1996.

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Advanced materials such as aluminum alloys and composites offer great potential for weight reduction applications in automotive and aerospace vehicles construction. In order to investigate the feasibility of using such materials in the form of laminates, sheet bulging with single-layer aluminum and the aluminum/Composite laminate with the carbon cloth as the middle layer is investigated under uniform liquid pressure conditions. The aluminum sheet stress-strain, wall thickness distribution, carbon fiber radius stress-strain distribution and the effect of die entrance radius etc. are discussed and compared in details. FE results validate that the numerical method can predict the same fracture regions for bulging-blank as observed in experimental tests. Furthermore, the study validates that multi-layer sheet hydro-bulging process with composite fiber as a middle layer is not feasible to form laminates due to rupture of composite fibers near edge regions. Further study is needed to improve the methodology.

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3

Mitra, R., W. A. Chiou, A.Madan, R. Hoffman, and J. R. Weertman. "Microstructural Evolution in Al-Ti Multilayered Film with Annealing." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600017505.

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There has been a significant interest in the development of dispersion-hardened aluminum for many years for high specific strength and modulus. Such materials are usually processed by powder or ingot metallurgy routes. In this study, Al3 Ti dispersion hardened Al was obtained by annealing Al-Ti multilayers. Al-Ti multilayered films have been characterized in the past by observing the structure of the layers, as well as tensile properties and hardness. This paper reports the structure of Al-Ti multilayers and the evolution of matrix and dispersoid microstructure on annealing.The Al-Ti multilayered structures were prepared by magnetron sputtering using Al and Ti as targets and either Si (100) or NaCl as substrates. The bi-layer thickness was maintained around 16 nm with Ti constituting 12% of the total. The substrate was alternately moved below the Al and Ti targets for the purpose of deposition. The as-deposited film on the substrate and NaCl salts were annealed at 400°C for periods between 1 and 24 h in a vacuum (10−5 torr) furnace.

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4

Kang, Jihye, Dongsu Park, Donghun Lee, Masao Kamiko, Sung-Jin Kim, Sang-Kwon Lee, and Jung-Hyuk Koh. "Enhanced Electrical Properties of AZO/IZO Multilayered Thin Film with Post Laser Annealing Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18913.

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In this research, alternative deposition process of ZnO-based thin films have been studied for transparent conducting oxide (TCO) application. To improve the electrical and optical properties of transparent oxide thin films, alternatively stacked Al-doped ZnO and In-doped ZnO thin films were investigated. Multilayer structure of alternative 6 layers of thin films were prepared in this research. Especially, Aluminum and Indium were chosen as dopant materials. Thin films of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and In-doped ZnO (IZO) were alternatively deposited by spin coating with sol-gel method. After deposition of multilayered thin films, multi steps of furnace (F), rapid thermal annealing (R) and CO2 laser annealing (L) processes were carried out and investigated thin film properties by dependence of post-annealing sequence and thin film structures. The electrical and optical properties of thin films were investigated by 4-point probe and UV-vis spectroscopy and its shows the greatest sheet resistance value of 0.59 kΩ/sq. from AZO/IZO multilayered structure and upper 85% of transmittance. The structural property and surface morphology were measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The Al- and In-doped ZnO thin film shows the highest intensity value at (002) peak of AZO/IZO multilayer structure which was performed FRL process.

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5

Samorì, Chiara, Daniele Cespi, Paola Blair, Paola Galletti, Danilo Malferrari, Fabrizio Passarini, Ivano Vassura, and Emilio Tagliavini. "Application of switchable hydrophilicity solvents for recycling multilayer packaging materials." Green Chemistry 19, no. 7 (2017): 1714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc03535c.

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6

Josell, D., D. van Heerden, D. Read, J. Bonevich, and D. Shechtman. "Tensile testing low density multilayers: Aluminum/titanium." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 10 (October 1998): 2902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0397.

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Yield stresses, ultimate tensile strengths, and specific strengths of aluminum/titanium multilayer thin films are determined from the results of uniaxial tensile tests. The plasticity in the stress-strain curves, the nature of the fracture surfaces, and the relationship of the yield stress and the bilayer thickness are discussed. Properties are compared with those of other multilayer materials published in the literature.

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7

Novoseltsev, A. I., L. I. Sorokina, A. V. Sysa, R. M. Ryazanov, and E. A. Lebedev. "Al-CuO_x multilayer nanostructures: formation features and thermal properties of new type of local heat source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012213.

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Abstract In this work, multilayer nanostructured thermite materials are considered - a new type of local heat sources. Aluminium and copper oxide were chosen as components of the thermite mixture. The formation of multilayer structures was carried out on the surface of the substrate by the method of magnetron sputtering. The features of the deposition process as well as the energy properties of the formed materials have been investigated. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using this class of materials as local heat sources.

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8

Pronichev, Dmitri, Leonid Moiseevich Gurevich, Oleg Victorovich Slautin, and Aleksey Serov. "Study of the Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Aluminum-Copper Multilayer Systems." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.66.

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Multilayer intermetallic composite materials of the aluminum-copper system are obtained using a complex technology, including explosion welding, rolling and diffusion heat treatment. The structure, composition and properties of the obtained 9 and 15-layer systems were studied and it was shown that the applied technology makes it possible to obtain qualitative multilayer systems with a large proportion of intermetallide phases, that have properties that are significantly different from the base metals, which makes it possible to expand significantly the areas of application of aluminum composites-copper.

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9

Buryakovskaya, Olesya A., and Mikhail S. Vlaskin. "Hydrogen Recovery from Waste Aluminum–Plastic Composites Treated with Alkaline Solution." Materials 15, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238699.

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An alternative solution to the problem of aluminum–plastic multilayer waste utilization was suggested. The process can be used for hydrogen generation and layer separation. Three different sorts of aluminum–plastic sandwich materials were treated with an alkali solution. In the temperature range of 50–70 °C, for tablet blisters of polyvinylchloride and aluminum (14.8 wt.%), the latter thoroughly reacted in 15–30 min. For sheets of paper, polyethylene, and aluminum (20 wt.%), full hydrogen ‘recovery’ from reacted aluminum component took 3–8 min. From the lids of polyethylene terephthalate, aluminum (60 wt.%), and painted polyethylene with perforations, the aluminum was consumed after 45–105 min. The effect of perforations was the reduction of the process duration from nearly 90 min for the lids with no perforations to nearly 45 min for the perforated ones (at 70 °C). Perforations provided better contact between the aluminum foil, isolated between the plastic layers, and the alkali solution. Hydrogen bubbles originating near those perforations provided foil separation from the upper painted plastic layer by creating gas gaps between them. The remaining components of the composite multilayer materials were separated and ready for further recycling.

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10

Gurau, Gheorghe, Carmela Gurau, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, Petrica Alexandru, Vedamanickam Sampath, Mihaela Marin, and Bogdan Mihai Galbinasu. "Structural Characteristics of Multilayered Ni-Ti Nanocomposite Fabricated by High Speed High Pressure Torsion (HSHPT)." Metals 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121629.

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It is generally accepted that severe plastic deformation (SPD) has the ability to produce ultrafinegrained (UFG) and nanocrystalline materials in bulk. Recent developments in high pressure torsion (HPT) processes have led to the production of bimetallic composites using copper, aluminum or magnesium alloys. This article outlines a new approach to fabricate multilayered Ni-Ti nanocomposites by a patented SPD technique, namely, high speed high pressure torsion (HSHPT). The multilayered composite discs consist of Ni-Ti alloys of different composition: a shape memory alloy (SMA) Ti-rich, whose Mf > RT, and an SMA Ni-rich, whose Af < RT. The composites were designed to have 2 to 32 layers of both alloys. The layers were arranged in different sequences to improve the shape recovery on both heating and cooling of nickel-titanium alloys. The manufacturing process of Ni-Ti multilayers is explained in this work. The evolution of the microstructure was traced using optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. The effectiveness of the bonding of the multilayered composites was investigated. The shape memory characteristics and the martensitic transition of the nickel-titanium nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This method opens up new possibilities for designing various layered metal-matrix composites achieving the best combination of shape memory, deformability and tensile strength.

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11

Muzeer, S., and S. Sivaganesan. "Wear Optimization of Aluminium and Hybrid Reinforcement Metal Matrix Composites Using Response Surface Methodology." Materials Science Forum 1073 (October 31, 2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-8x10qb.

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Aluminum 6061 alloy-based alloys were used to make various motor vehicle parts such as connecting wire, O-ring, circular blocks, disc brakes and aircraft primary components, but the use of alloys was restricted in some of their applications due to their low strength, poor stiffness and high friction wear resistance. Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites are achieved the potential mechanical properties compared to single reinforced composite materials. Tribological behaviour of hybrid composites were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design of experiment statistical analysis. The contribution of various parameters rotational speed, sliding distance and axial load on hybrid composite materials were evaluated by Analyses of Variance (ANOVA). For each output response, a multilayer linear equation was used to examine the relationship between the parameters. According to the results, hybrid compounds provide greater adaptability and reliability in the development of a component of the product depending on the reinforcement composition and structure.

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12

Elvira-Hernández, Ernesto, Luis Uscanga-González, Arxel de León, Francisco López-Huerta, and Agustín Herrera-May. "Electromechanical Modeling of a Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Microdevice Based on Multilayer Resonator for Air Conditioning Vents at Office Buildings." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030211.

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Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (pVEH) microdevices can convert the mechanical vibrations to electrical voltages. In the future, these microdevices can provide an alternative to replace the electrochemical batteries, which cause contamination due to their toxic materials. We present the electromechanical modeling of a pVEH microdevice with a novel resonant structure for air conditioning vents at office buildings. This electromechanical modeling includes different multilayers and cross-sections of the microdevice resonator as well as the air damping. This microdevice uses a flexible substrate and it does not include toxics materials. The microdevice has a resonant structure formed by multilayer beams and U-shape proof mass of UV-resin (730 μm thickness). The multilayer beams contain flexible substrates (160 μm thickness) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), two aluminum electrodes (100 nm thickness), and a ZnO layer (2 μm thickness). An analytical model is developed to predict the first bending resonant frequency and deflections of the microdevice. This model considers the Rayleigh and Macaulay methods, and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In addition, the electromechanical behavior of the microdevice is determined through the finite element method (FEM) models. In these FEM models, the output power of the microdevice is obtained using different sinusoidal accelerations. The microdevice has a resonant frequency of 60.3 Hz, a maximum deflection of 2.485 mm considering an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2, an output voltage of 2.854 V and generated power of 37.45 μW with a load resistance of 217.5 kΩ. An array of pVEH microdevices connected in series could be used to convert the displacements of air conditioning vents at office buildings into voltages for electronic devices and sensors.

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13

Basile, Giulia, Lucia De Luca, Martina Calabrese, Gianfranco Lambiase, Fabiana Pizzolongo, and Raffaele Romano. "The Lipidic and Volatile Components of Coffee Pods and Capsules Packaged in an Alternative Multilayer Film." Foods 13, no. 5 (February 29, 2024): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13050759.

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Coffee pods and capsules require packaging that guarantees the optimal coffee preservation. The chemical composition of coffee can undergo quality decay phenomena during storage, especially in terms of lipidic and volatile components. Amongst coffee packaging, aluminum multilayer materials are particularly widely diffused. However, aluminum is a negative component because it is not recoverable in a mixed plastic structure and its specific weight gives significant weight to packaging. In this study, a multilayer film with a reduced content of aluminum was used to package coffe pods and capsules and compared to a standard film with an aluminum layer. Their influence on the peroxides and volatile organic compounds of two coffee blends, 100% Coffea arabica L., 50% Coffea arabica L., and 50% Coffea canephora var. robusta L., were studied during their 180-day shelf life. The predominant volatile organic compounds detected belonged to the class of furans and pyrazines. Both packaging materials used for both coffee blends in the pods and capsules showed no significant differences during storage. Thus, the alternative packaging with less aluminum had the same performance as the standard with the advantage of being more sustainable, reducing the packaging weight, with benefits for transportation, and preserving the coffee aroma during the shelf life.

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14

Merisalu, Joonas, Taivo Jõgiaas, Toomas Daniel Viskus, Aarne Kasikov, Peeter Ritslaid, Tanel Käämbre, Aivar Tarre, et al. "Structure and Electrical Properties of Zirconium-Aluminum-Oxide Films Engineered by Atomic Layer Deposition." Coatings 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040431.

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Thin films containing either multilayer ZrO2:Al2O3 structures or ZrO2 deposited on ZrxAlyOz buffer layers were characterized. The films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 300 °C from ZrCl4, Al(CH3)3, and H2O. The multilayer ZrO2:Al2O3 structures were grown repeating different combinations of ZrO2 and Al2O3 ALD cycles while the ZrxAlyOz layers were obtained in a novel process using ALD cycles based on successive adsorption of ZrCl4 and Al(CH3)3, followed by surface reaction with H2O. The films were grown on TiN electrodes, and supplied with Ti top electrodes, whereby ZrxAlyOz films were exploited as thin buffer layers between TiN and ZrO2. The as-deposited ZrO2 films and ZrO2:Al2O3 structures with sufficiently low concentrations of Al2O3 were crystallized in the form of cubic or tetragonal ZrO2 polymorph possessing relative permittivities reaching 35. Notably, multilayered ZrO2:Al2O3 films could exhibit resistive switching behavior with ratios between low- and high-resistive-state current values, extending up to five orders of magnitude. Implications of multilevel switching were recorded. In the double-layered ZrxAlyOz-ZrO2 stacks, the ON/OFF current ratios remained below 40, but the endurance could become extended over 3000 cycles. Remarkably, instabilities, when detected in endurance behavior expressed by reduction in an ON/OFF current ratio could be compensated and the current values restored by real time readjustment of the programming voltage amplitude.

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15

Kumar Srivastava, Ashish, and Vimal Kumar Pathak. "Elastic properties of graphene-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite: Effects of temperature, stacked, and perforated graphene." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 9 (June 9, 2020): 1218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720930739.

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In this article, the elastic and shear moduli of the graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Different models have been simulated to study the effect of multilayer graphene sheet, perforation of GS, and temperature on the elastic and shear moduli of resulting nanocomposite. The simulation results show that the elastic and shear moduli of graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum are sensitive to the temperature changes, multilayer, and perforated graphene sheets. The temperature and perforation of graphene sheets exert adverse effects on the elastic and shear moduli of graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites. However, the multilayer graphene sheet leads to favorable effects on the stiffness properties of the nanocomposite. It is also observed that there is only a marginal effect of the chirality of graphene sheet on the out-of-plane shear moduli of the nanocomposite.

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16

Robertson, Gordon. "Recycling of Aseptic Beverage Cartons: A Review." Recycling 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010020.

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Aseptic beverage cartons are multilayer polymer-coated paperboards with a layer of aluminum foil. Due to their multilayer structure it is commonly assumed that they cannot be recycled. This is not the case and this review details the multifarious processes that are used to recycle aseptic beverage cartons. Hydrapulping to recover the paper fibers that constitute 75% of the carton is the most widespread process, followed by the manufacture of construction materials such as boards and tiles which utilize the complete carton. A range of mechanical, chemical and thermal processes are used to separate the PolyAl (polyethylene and aluminum) residual that remains after the paper fibers have been recovered. The simplest process involves agglutination followed by extrusion to obtain pellets that can then be used in industrial and consumer products or combined with other materials such as lignocellulosic wastes. Chemical approaches involve the solubilization of polyethylene and the removal of aluminum. Various thermal processes have also been investigated and a novel microwave-induced pyrolysis process appears the most commercially viable. It is concluded that the focus in future years is likely to be on recycling cartons into construction materials where there is a theoretical yield of 100% compared with 75% for hydrapulping.

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17

Jia, Yi, Mang Yang, Wei Er Lu, Feng Ji, Chao Bo Li, You Tong Fang, and Yang Xia. "Anti-Corrosion Property of Atomic Layer Deposition Films for Anodized Aluminum." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.689.

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Single and multilayer of Al2O3 and TiO2 were fabricated on anodized aluminum by atomic layer deposition. The effect of processing parameters on pore sealing and anti-corrosion property was studied. It is concluded that the micropores on anodized aluminum could be sealed by atomic layer deposition oxide films through SEM and staining experiments. The anti-corrosive property is affected mainly by the film thickness and process temperature. The acidic drip and salt spray test shows that the anti-corrosion property is enhanced as the film thickness increase. With the similar thickness, Al2O3/TiO2 multilayer film has the best anti-corrosion property, while the single Al2O3 layer appears the poorest. The complementary roles between two basic materials result in the enhanced application property.

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18

Sharma, Gaurav, Adepu Kumaraswamy, and Sangram Kesari Rath. "Comparative theoretical and experimental analysis of vibration damping performance in multilayer constrained layer damping structures: Aluminium versus glass fiber reinforced polymer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023485.

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This study investigates the dynamic behavior of multilayer Constrained Layer Damping (CLD) structures, specifically focusing on constraining layers made of aluminum and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GRP). Numerical simulations are compared with experimental results using the finite element method (FEM) and the widely used Ross–Kerwin–Ungar (RKU) model to achieve this. Experimental modal analysis is conducted on a vibration shaker to validate the FEA findings. The research reveals valuable insights into the damping performance of aluminum and GRP as constraining layers. Notably, aluminum demonstrates superior damping properties, particularly in the higher frequency range (ultimate loss factor 0.2), while GRP exhibits better-damping characteristics in the lower frequency range (ultimate loss factor 0.13). These results underscore the significance of considering the frequency-dependent behavior of materials when selecting appropriate constraining layers. By shedding light on the dynamic behavior and damping performance of multilayer CLD structures with different constraining layers, this study contributes to the effective mitigation of vibrations in various engineering applications. This endeavor will enhance the understanding and application of constraining layer materials for effective structural vibration control, paving the way for improved engineering solutions.

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19

Yuan, Jiawei, Yuhua Pang, and Ting Li. "Multilayer clad plate of stainless steel/aluminum/aluminum alloy." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 26, no. 1 (February 2011): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-011-0179-3.

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20

Clemens, Bruce M., and Robert Sinclair. "Metastable Phase Formation in Thin Films and Multilayers." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 2 (February 1990): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400060425.

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It is well known that thin-film technology relies increasingly on multilayered structures. As dimensions become smaller, the interfacial or contact region assumes a larger and often dominant role in the performance or properties. Many examples come readily to mind. In magnetic hard disks, the active cobaltalloy layer, itself only about 50 nm thick, is grown either on a crystalline chromium thin film or directly onto amorphous nickel-phosphorous, and capped with a protective carbon or chromium-carbon coating (see Figure 1). The recording head “flies” at 90 mph and about 0.1 ü above this combination, which is expected to be mechanically durable and magnetically reliable for thousands of recordings. Atomic-scale multilayers are being investigated to provide the ability to “tune” the magnetic properties of the active recording layer or head materials. Exchange coupled magneto-optical media consisting of a few tens of angstroms of cobalt or nickel layers on amorphous TbFeCo alloys are showing promise for improving magneto-optical coupling while maintaining perpendicular anisotropy. In microelectronic circuits, aluminum or silicide contacts to silicon are essential to any device, and multilevel integration involving a series of metal, alloy, silicon (amorphous, poly- or monocrystalline) and dielectric layers (some of which might be 1-10 nm thick) are increasingly required to achieve large-scale integration. Metal-metalloid (e.g., MoSi, W-C) multilayers are used for x-ray optical elements. Artificially produced metallic superlattices and multilayers are being used to probe the fundamental magnetic, electronic, mechanical, and structural properties of metal-metal interfaces.

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21

Gasonoo, Akpeko, Hyeon-Sik Ahn, Seongmin Lim, Jae-Hyun Lee, and Yoonseuk Choi. "Color Glass by Layered Nitride Films for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System." Crystals 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030281.

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We investigated layered titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) for color glasses in building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. AlN and TiN are among suitable and cost-effective optical materials to be used as thin multilayer films, owing to the significant difference in their refractive index. To fabricate the structure, we used radio frequency magnetron deposition method to achieve the target thickness uniformly. A simple, fast, and cheap fabrication method is achieved by depositing the multilayer films in a single sputtering chamber. It is demonstrated that a multilayer stack that allows light to be transmitted from a low refractive index layer to a high refractive index layer or vice-versa can effectively create various distinct color reflections for different film thicknesses and multilayer structures. It is investigated from simulation based on wave optics that TiN/AlN multilayer offers better color design freedom and a cheaper fabrication process as compared to AlN/TiN multilayer films. Blue, green, and yellow color glasses with optical transmittance of more than 80% was achieved by indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass/TiN/AlN multilayer films. This technology exhibits good potential in commercial BIPV system applications.

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22

Moy, Charles, Massimiliano Bocciarelli, Simon P. Ringer, and Gianluca Ranzi. "A Method to Extract Materials Properties from Multilayer Material Systems." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2775.

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This article presents an inverse analysis method based on an instrumented indention to extract materials properties from multilayer material systems. In this case, a 12-layers system comprising of two alternate materials is considered. Each layer is 1 μm thick. The material properties selected for the layers are within the range of common commercial aluminium alloys. The yield stress and strain hardening exponent of the two layers were identified based on a power law type equation to define the stress-strain relationship. A 2D axis-symmetric indenter having 70.3 half angle was used, which is representative of a Berkovich or a Vickers indenter. The use of finite element analyses was substituted with a fast and equally accurate approach for the iterative optimization procedure. Thus, the computation time was considerably reduced. The robustness is tested using pseudo-experimental results, in terms of indentation curve and imprint on the material, with added random noises of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%. The proposed approach provides a good estimate of the sought material properties. It is envisaged that this approach can become of assistance in the evaluation of the material properties for multilayer coatings and small devices.

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23

Duarte, Liliana I., Ana Sofia Ramos, Manuel F. Vieira, Filomena Viana, and M. Teresa Vieira. "Joining of TiAl Using a Thin Multilayer." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1323.

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As TiAl based alloys begin to approach maturity, the development of successful and cost effective joining methods will be required. The growing industrial interest in these materials, particularly in aerospace and automotive industry, led to an interesting challenge - how to joint parts and components in order to produce integrated and resistant structures. Diffusion bonding of materials produces components with thinner interfaces than other joining techniques do. The absence of abrupt microstructure discontinuity and the small deformation induced maximize joint strength. This work focuses on the joining of TiAl using a thin multilayer obtained by alternating nanometric layers of titanium and aluminium. The Ti/Al layers were deposited onto the γ-TiAl samples by DC magnetron sputtering. The interfaces of these diffusion bonded joints depend on processing and deposition conditions. In this work we describe the influence of bilayer thickness (period) and on microstructure and chemical composition of the joining interfaces.

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24

Su, Zhen, Manwen Yao, Mengxin Li, Wenbin Gao, Qiuxia Li, Qian Feng, and Xi Yao. "A novel and simple aluminium/sol–gel-derived amorphous aluminium oxide multilayer film with high energy density." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 21 (2018): 5616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00495a.

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25

Elshaghoul, Yousef G. Y., Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman, Ashraf Bakkar, Sarah A. Elnekhaily, Ibrahim Albaijan, Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed, Abdou Abdel-Samad, and Reham Reda. "Additive Friction Stir Deposition of AA7075-T6 Alloy: Impact of Process Parameters on the Microstructures and Properties of the Continuously Deposited Multilayered Parts." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2023): 10255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810255.

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In the aircraft industry, the high-strength aluminum alloys AA7075 and AA2024 are extensively used for the manufacture of structural parts like stringers and skins, respectively. Additive manufacturing (AM) of the AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy via friction stir deposition to build continuously multilayered parts on a substrate of AA2024-T4 aluminum has not been attempted so far. Accordingly, the present work aimed to explore the applicability of building multilayers of AA7075-T6 alloy on a substrate sheet of AA2024-T4 alloy via the additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) technique and to optimize the deposition process parameters. The experiments were conducted over a wide range of feed rates (1–5 mm/min) and rotation speeds (200–1000 rpm). The axial deposition force and the thermal cycle were recorded. The heat input to achieve the AFSD was calculated. The AA7075 AFSD products were evaluated visually on the macroscale. The microstructures were also investigated utilizing an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an advanced EDS technique. As well as the presence phases, the mechanical performance of the deposited materials in terms of hardness and compressive strength was also examined. The results showed that the efficiency of the deposition process was closely related to the amount of heat generated, which was governed by the feeding rate, the rotational speed, and the downward force. AA7075 defect-free continuously multilayered parts were produced without any discontinuity defects at the interface with the substrate at deposition conditions of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm/min and a constant 400 rpm consumable rod rotation speed (CRRS). The additively deposited AA7075-T6 layers exhibited a refined grain structure and uniformly distributed fragment precipitates compared to the base material (BM). The gain size decreased from 25 µm ± 4 for the AA7075-T6 BM to 1.75 µm ± 0.41 and 3.75 µm ± 0.78 for the AFSD materials fabricated at 1 and 4 mm/min deposition feeding rates, respectively, at 400 rpm/min. Among the feeding rates used, the 3 mm/min and 400 rpm rod rotation speed produced an AA7075 deposited part possessing the highest average hardness of 165 HV ± 5 and a compressive strength of 1320 MPa.

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26

Sahu, Dilip Kumar, K. Praveen Kumar, and Ragam Indraja Yadav. "A Comparative Experimental Study on Machining Performance of Aluminium against Advanced Diamond Coated Cutting Tool Inserts." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.298.

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Анотація:

Carbide tools with mono/multilayer coating such as TiN, TiC, TiAIN, TiB2 and Al2O3 on inserts of WC-Co generated key success for machining of ferrous materials without coolant/lubrication. So far dry machining of aluminium, manufacturing industries such as automobile and aerospace engineering are facing considerable challenges. Exploration of correct cutting tool for machining of aluminium still persists in the present day context. This paper experimentally investigated the affinity and performance of different cutting tool materials available in local tool shopping center along with the diamond coated tool insert prepared and developed in our own HFCVD reactor for machining of aluminium in dry condition. Finally it is revealed that, due to the low chemical affinity, small magnitude of cutting force, chemical inertness and remarkable anti-welding characteristics, diamond coated tool displayed improved performance as compared to other tools.

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27

Yuan, Du, Ping Gu, Jian Min Zeng, Ping Chen, and Yu Lin Zheng. "Research on Database for Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1815.

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An overall description of the structure, main module function, database design and implementation of the Aluminum Alloy Data Management System (AADMS) is presented in this paper. AADMS is developed by JavaEE multilayer distributed model which includes client, web, business and EIS (EIS: Enterprise Information System) layers. This model can separate the complex business logic and data access logic from the client, enhancing the reliability, portability and expansibility of the system. The system provides scientific classification and management methods for general aluminum alloys, and accomplishes a highly efficient query function for materials and process information.

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28

SEO, SEUNG-WOO, HO KYOON CHUNG, HEEYEOP CHAE, SANG JOON SEO, and SUNG MIN CHO. "FLEXIBLE ORGANIC/INORGANIC MOISTURE BARRIER USING PLASMA-POLYMERIZED LAYER." Nano 08, no. 04 (July 17, 2013): 1350041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500410.

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We report a multilayer moisture barrier structure comprised of alternating inorganic aluminum oxide and plasma-polymerized organic layers. The inorganic and organic layers were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and plasma polymerization in vacuum, respectively. The inclusion of plasma-polymerized layers in the multilayer barrier structure enhanced the moisture barrier performance by around 15% for as-deposited samples. After being subjected to 10 000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 2 cm, however, the moisture barrier performance of the multilayer structure was improved by 50% from that of pure inorganic counterpart.

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29

Tuttle, Bruce A. "Electronic Ceramic Thin Films: Trends in Research and Development." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 7 (November 1987): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400066938.

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Electronic ceramic materials research is one of the fastest growing, most highly publicized areas of materials science. Subjects receiving considerable attention include high temperature superconductors, multilayer ceramic composites for high density microelectronics packaging, and ferroelectric electro-optic thin films. A complete review of all aspects of electronic ceramics research is beyond the scope of this article, which will focus on two general topics whose development is representative of recent contributions to the field. These two areas are synthesis and characterization of electronic ceramic films,1 and controlled use of low level dopants (1,000 ppm or less) in bulk polycrystalline ceramics, thin films, and single crystals to achieve desired properties. Perspective of the progress in ceramic film development is given by a review of single-crystal synthesis and properties.Several examples of the impact that low level dopants and thin film synthesis have on electronic ceramics development are presented. Dopant concentrations of 1,000 ppm or less can have a dramatic effect on microstructural, optical, and electrical properties. For example, a decrease in aluminum content of 150 ppm resulted in an increase in grain size from 1 to 25 microns in otherwise identical ZnO varistors. Background aluminum concentrations for these varistors were less than 10 ppm. In another example, the photorefractive effect, the change in refractive index with optical light intensity, has been shown to be altered by orders of magnitude with ppm doping levels in ferroelectric electro-optic materials.Several electronic ceramic devices have recently been developed due to improvements in ceramic film processing. Examples of these devices include: 1. multilayer PZT transformers, which allow fabrication of complex monolithic passive multicom-ponent networks, 2. liquid cooled multilayer ceramic substrates, with 400×800 micron liquid transfer capillaries integrated into the multilayer structure via ceramic processing techniques for high density VLSI packaging, and 3. ferroelectric electrooptic thin films that are compatible with silicon or III-V technology. For all the above applications, synthesis of electronic ceramic materials into high purity films is essential.

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30

Han, Ying, Wenjing Sun, Jinsong Zhou, and Dao Gong. "Vibration Analysis of Composite Multilayer Floor of High-Speed Train." Shock and Vibration 2019 (October 31, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6276915.

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Анотація:

Mechanical properties of floor prototypes made for high-speed trains from composite multilayer floor structures of different materials and thicknesses were tested. Based on the test results, the equivalent mechanical parameters of different layers of the panels, core materials, etc., were calculated, and the multilayer mixed finite element model of the floor was built and verified. The multilayer mixed floor model was introduced into the car body of a high-speed train, and the test signals of the high-speed train were used as inputs to calculate the vibration response of composite floor structure. Vibration spectra of the high-speed train composite floor made of different materials and structures were compared and analyzed. The results show that the calculation of the floor vibration response of the vehicle car body within the framework of the equivalent model of the multilayer structure based on the mechanical performance test is an effective method to evaluate vibration characteristics. The vibration isolation performance of the stainless steel panel floor is better than that of the aluminum alloy panel, but its large mass is not favorable in lightweight body design. The vibration energy of birch core material floor is significantly smaller than the alder core material of the same size. The vibration isolation performance of the floor enhanced with the increase in the thickness of the outer metal panel, but when the outer metal panel thickness exceeds 0.8 mm, the influence becomes small. Therefore, the stainless steel-birch core composite floor with a large panel thickness has the best vibration isolation performance and can be used for the floor above the bogie and the suspended excitation source. Then, an optimal analysis considering mass and vibration characteristics was carried out, and the results show that there exists an optimal solution for the high-speed train. Regarding the overall design basis of the vehicle, the aluminum alloy panel lightweight structure can be used in combination with other general parts.

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Giti, Rashin, and Benika Abbasi. "The Effect of Translucency and Surface Treatment on the Flexural Strength of Aged Monolithic Zirconia." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (November 9, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8022430.

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Aims. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of the degrees of translucency in different types of monolithic zirconia as well as the aging and surface treatment with airborne particle abrasion on the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. Materials and Methods. Sixty bar-shaped specimens were fabricated from three different types of presintered monolithic zirconia (n = 20 per group) including low translucent (LT) (DD Bio ZW iso, high strength zirconia, Dental Direkt, Germany), high translucent (HT) (DD Bio ZX2 98, high translucent zirconia, Dental Direkt, Germany), and multilayered system (ML) (DD cubeX2®ML, multilayer, cubic zirconia system, Dental Direkt, Germany). Each monolithic zirconia group was equally subdivided according to be either air-abraded with 110 µm aluminium oxide particles or left untreated (control). After thermocycling, the flexural strength was measured by using a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc and independent samples t-test were used for the statistical analyses (P < 0.05). Results. Surface treatment and types of zirconia were found to have a significant interaction (P = 0.010). Having controlled the effect of surface treatment, the flexural strength of HT and LT zirconia was found to be significantly higher than the ML zirconia system (P ≤ 0.001). Airborne particle abrasion could significantly decrease the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia only in ML zirconia (P = 0.002). Conclusions. Multilayered zirconia system had the lowest flexural strength among all groups. Moreover, the flexural strength of this system was attenuated by surface treatment with airborne particles abrasion.

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32

Bonadies, Irene, Roberta Capuano, Roberto Avolio, Rachele Castaldo, Mariacristina Cocca, Gennaro Gentile, and Maria Emanuela Errico. "Sustainable Cellulose-Aluminum-Plastic Composites from Beverage Cartons Scraps and Recycled Polyethylene." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040807.

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The sustainable management of multilayer paper/plastic waste is a technological challenge due to its composite nature. In this paper, a mechanical recycling approach for multilayer cartons (MC) is reported, illustrating the realization of thermoplastic composites based on recycled polyethylene and an amount of milled MC ranging from 20 to 90 wt%. The effect of composition of the composites on the morphology and on thermal, mechanical, and water absorption behavior was investigated and rationalized, demonstrating that above 80 wt% of MC, the fibrous nature of the filler dominates the overall properties of the materials. A maleated polyethylene was also used as a coupling agent and its effectiveness in improving mechanical parameters of composites up to 60 wt% of MC was highlighted.

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33

Szabó, Anita Magdolna, László Koltai, and Lóránt Fodor. "Comparative Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Free Recycled Multilayered Beverage Carton Packaging." Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design 4, no. 2 (December 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2013-2-013.

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Анотація:

Packaging industry’s raw material producers face continuous challenges of sustainable development. Besides raw material and energy consumption mitigation, essential functions of product protection must be maintained. Re-use and recycling of waste materials must be provided, which is required by the European Union directives as well. Multi-beverage carton recycling is even more difficult due to the use of various materials, due to their diverse properties and qualities. The introduced paper is part of a complex study, which aims to prove that utilizing dry-grinding technology and no additives, semi-finished products can be produced for the packaging industry.

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34

Ovchinnikov, Vasily, Elena E. Mastalygina, and Petr Pantyukhov. "Investigation of Novel Polymer Composites Based on Recycled Multilayer Combined Packaging Materials." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.94.

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Polymer composite based on multilayer combined packaging wastes was prepared and investigated. The composite was made of tetrahedral package wastes, where cardboard part was removed. It was found that obtained composite material has blended polymer matrix that consists of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Melting temperature of individual polymers in composite shifts to lower temperatures than that of the initial components. It is the evidence of destruction process or interaction between polymers. The hard particles of aluminum and cellulose are uniformly distributed in the composite. For that reason, these particles do not reduce melt fluidity significantly. The tensile strength and elasticity modulus are higher for the obtained material compared to pure polyethylene. The results show a high potential for the use of the developed composite material.

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35

HADĂR, ANTON, RAUL CORMOŞ, and HORIA-ALEXANDRU PETRESCU. "Numerical evaluation of the performances of a multilayered." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2018.3.1.1.

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The improvements made in the field of the research of composite materials led to the wide usage of composite materials, which, nowadays, tend to replace traditional metallic materials in engineering applications. In this paper, the performances of a landing gear, subjected to dynamic loadings and made of a multilayered honeycomb composite material are evaluated in comparison with traditional metallic materials using numerical simulation. The obtained values of mechanical stress for the hybrid landing gear design are lower compared to those for a landing gear made entirely of aluminium. The use of the multilayered honeycomb composite material decreases the values of the stresses, for the given load case. Also, reduction of the mass of the landing gear improves flight dinamics and increases manoeuvrability.

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36

JUHANT GRKMAN, JANJA, URŠKA KAVCIC, and IGOR KARLOVITS. "DEVELOPMENT OF MULTICOMPONENT FIBER BOX WITH IMPROVED FIRE RESISTANCE AND BARRIER PROPERTIES." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2022): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.15.

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"One of the main purposes of packaging materials is to protect the packed object from mechanical damage that can happen during transport, storage or handling. Extending the functionality of packaging from just mechanical protection to additional moisture and fire protection would present an added value to packaging materials and would be of high interest in preserving archives and cultural heritage objects. In the present research work, we developed a pH neutral fibre material that provides a moisture barrier, inhibits burning and can be shaped into different packaging designs. A multilayer composite was developed, with the outer layers made from pH neutral acid-free paper, compatible with ISO 9706:2014 (the requirement for permanence) and ISO 11108:2016 (the requirement for permanence and durability). The produced pH neutral papers were coated (on the inside) with 6 different combinations of moisture barrier agents and fire-retardant coatings (containing styrene acrylic copolymer, hydrostatin, sodium silicate + aluminium hydroxide/carbonate and lignin), combined into a multilayer material. The developed materials were analysed in terms of their water vapour transmission rate, Cobb absorption and fire retardancy to simulate worst-case scenarios for archives or cultural heritage sites. The results showed that the material coated with the combination of styrene acrylic copolymer aqueous dispersion and mixtures of sodium silicate and aluminium hydroxide achieved the best performance in terms of moisture/fire resistance and could be successfully converted into packaging products for protecting museum objects. "

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37

D'Alessandro, Carmine, Davide de Maio, Daniela de Luca, Emiliano di Gennaro, Mariano Gioffrè, Mario Iodice, Marilena Musto, Giuseppe Rotondo, Davide Dalena, and Roberto Russo. "Solar Selective Coating for Thermal Applications." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.316.

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We present the results obtained using Cr2O3 as selective absorbing layer on aluminium film substrate. The thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation using a multiple crucible e-gun able to deposit 4 materials in sequence without breaking the vacuum. Optical characterization of the multilayer films is based on ellipsometry and hemispherical reflectivity. The complex refractive index has been determinate and it has been used to design a selective solar absorber with high absorptance.

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38

Sameyshcheva, Tatyana, Vyacheslav Mali, Alexander Anisimov, Michail Korchagin, Lilia I. Shevtsova, and Sayina Bysyina. "Structure and Properties of Multilayered Composite Materials “Nickel - Nickel Aluminide” Obtained Using SPS Method." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.161.

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Анотація:

The structural features of multilayered "metal - intermetallic" composite materials based on nickel and aluminum, obtained by SPS method have been investigated in this paper. The effect of sintering temperature on phase composition of the intermetallic layers was studied. The influence of intermetallic layers phase composition on the mechanical properties of the composites was estimated.

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39

Bauer, Anna-Sophia, Manfred Tacker, Ilke Uysal-Unalan, Rui M. S. Cruz, Theo Varzakas, and Victoria Krauter. "Recyclability and Redesign Challenges in Multilayer Flexible Food Packaging—A Review." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112702.

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Анотація:

Multilayer flexible food packaging is under pressure to redesign for recyclability. Most multilayer films are not sorted and recycled with the currently available infrastructure, which is based on mechanical recycling in most countries. Up to now, multilayer flexible food packaging was highly customizable. Diverse polymers and non-polymeric layers allowed a long product shelf-life and an optimized material efficiency. The need for more recyclable solutions asks for a reduction in the choice of material. Prospectively, there is a strong tendency that multilayer flexible barrier packaging should be based on polyolefins and a few recyclable barrier layers, such as aluminium oxide (AlOx) and silicon oxide (SiOx). The use of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and metallization could be more restricted in the future, as popular Design for Recycling Guidelines have recently reduced the maximum tolerable content of barrier materials in polyolefin packaging. The substitution of non-recyclable flexible barrier packaging is challenging because only a limited number of barriers are available. In the worst case, the restriction on material choice could result in a higher environmental burden through a shortened food shelf-life and increased packaging weights.

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40

Sun, Yan Bo, Mao Wen Liu, Su Jing Ge, Feng Mei Ma, and Chao Li Ma. "Preparation of Multilayered Ti-Al Alloys by Solid Reaction." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.1.

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The multilayered materials with different combinations of Ti, Al and Ti-Al intermetallics were prepared by heat treatment and hot pressing (HP) with elemental foils. The microstructures and phase formation of the obtained samples were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). When the HP is applied under the melt point of aluminum, aluminum is the only diffusive element across the oxide films on the surface of the initial foils; however, some unusual TiAl3 particles are found in the multilayered structure due to the broken of oxide films; after hot pressing for 4 hours, all the aluminum was consumed; many voids exist at the centerline of TiAl3 layers, which are mainly caused by Kirkendall effect and the difference of molar volumes between reactants and products; before the aluminum is completely consumed, TiAl3 is the only product in the solid reaction under the melting temperature of aluminum; however, other Ti-Al intermetallics like Ti3Al and TiAl are formed in the updated temperature diffusion after aluminum is consumed.

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41

Rayerfrancis, Arokiyadoss, Balaji P. Bhargav, Nafis Ahmed, Chandra Balaji, and Ganesh Kumar. "Effect of Ag incorporation on the electrical and optical properties of AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer transparent conducting electrode." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 82, no. 2 (May 2018): 20301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018170369.

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Silver (Ag) incorporated aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) based multilayer films were fabricated for transparent conducting electrode applications. AZO and Ag thin film layers were deposited using direct current magnetron sputtering system without breaking the vacuum. By carefully optimizing the thickness of the metal layer, the minimum sheet resistance of 6 Ω/square was achieved with 70% of transmission in the visible wavelength region. The surface morphology of the film was studied with atomic force microscope mapping in 5 µm × 5 µm area of the multilayer structure. The significance of the Ag layer thickness in determining the electrical and optical properties of the multilayer film was investigated.

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42

GUO, LONGJUN, JIHUI WANG, WENBIN HU, and DEJING ZHOU. "EFFECT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON CORROSION POTENTIAL AND CORROSION PROPAGATION PROCESS OF MULTILAYER ALUMINUM-BRAZED SHEET." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 07 (August 2019): 1850224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18502244.

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Анотація:

The cross-sectional depth microstructure profiles for a multilayer AA4045/AA3003*/AA4045 brazed sheet were observed and determined by focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The corrosion propagation of the multilayer brazed sheet in the sea water acidified accelerated test (SWAAT) was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The measured corrosion potentials of different layers of the multilayer aluminum sheet have been carried out according to ASTM G69-97 standard test method. To reveal the effect of the alloying elements on corrosion behavior, the theoretical corrosion potential of the band of dense precipitates (BDP) zone and core materials was also calculated according to the theoretical corrosion potential model. The electrochemical results showed that there were potential differences between the precipitates free zone (PFZ) and BDP zone as well as BDP zone and the core materials. The EIS test and equivalent circuits (EC) suggested that the capacitive time constant at low frequencies correspond to the corrosion of the BDP zone in the form of exfoliation corrosion. The corrosion propagation process could be identified into four stages: the dissolution of the eutectic [Formula: see text]-Al in the re-solidified cladding in the form of pitting corrosion; the corrosion of the primary [Formula: see text]-Al grain boundaries in the form of inter-granular corrosion (IGC); the corrosion of the BDP zone in the form of exfoliation corrosion; and the corrosion of the core material in the form of IGC.

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43

Kraus, Alexander, Andrey Buzyurkin, Ivan Shabalin, and Evgeny Kraus. "Numerical Modelling of High-Speed Loading of Periodic Interpenetrating Heterogeneous Media with Adapted Mesostructure." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127187.

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A series of calculations has been conducted to study the high-speed interaction of space debris (SD) particles with screens of finite thickness. For the first time, taking into account the fracture effects, a numerical solution has been obtained for the problem of high-velocity interaction between SD particles and a volumetrically reinforced penetrating composite screen. The calculations were performed using the REACTOR 3D software package in a three-dimensional setup. To calibrate the material properties of homogeneous screens made of aluminum alloy A356, stainless steel 316L, and multilayer screens, methodical load calculations were carried out. The properties of materials have been verified based on experimental data through systematic calculations of the load on homogeneous screens made of aluminum alloy A356, stainless steel 316L, and multilayer screens comprising a combination of aluminum and steel plates. Several options for the numerical design of heterogeneous screens based on A356 and 316L were considered, including interpenetrating reinforcement with steel inclusions and a gradient distribution of steel throughout the thickness of an aluminum matrix. The study has revealed that the screens constructed as a two-layer composite of A356/316L, volumetrically reinforced composite screens, and heterogeneous screens with a direct gradient distribution of steel in the aluminum matrix provide protection for devices from both a single SD particle and streams of SD particles moving at speeds of up to 6 km/s. SD particles were modeled as spherical particles with a diameter of 1.9 mm made of the aluminum alloy Al2017-T4 with a mass of 10 mg.

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44

S. J. Narasimharaju, B Poorna Chandra Rao, and K. Annamalai. "Advancements in Multilayer Coatings on Aluminium Alloy-Based Bipolar Plates for PEMFC Application." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 02 (February 29, 2024): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0032.

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Fuel cells represent a revolutionary and sustainable approach to energy conversion, offering a clean alternative to traditional combustion-based power generation. These electrochemical devices convert the chemical energy of a fuel, typically hydrogen, directly into electricity. The fundamental working principle involves the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, facilitated by a catalyst, to produce electricity, water, and heat as byproducts in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEMFC). This strategic use of aluminum (Al) alloy for Bipolar plates (Bp) aligns with the industry's commitment to advancing materials and design methodologies, ultimately promoting the optimization of fuel cell technology in terms of performance, durability, and economic feasibility. This comprehensive review investigates recent progress in the development of multilayer coatings tailored for Al alloy-Bp in PEMFCs. Al alloys are a preferred substrate material due to their cost-effectiveness, lightweight nature, and high thermal conductivity. However, challenges such as corrosion, electrical conductivity, and interfacial contact resistance have spurred extensive research into innovative coating solutions. The review critically examines various coating materials, deposition techniques, and performance evaluation methods aimed at addressing the challenges associated with al alloy Bp. Special emphasis is placed on corrosion-resistant coatings, conductive layers, and interfacial modifiers. The assessment encompasses both established technologies and cutting-edge approaches, including nanocomposite coatings, self-healing materials, and advanced characterization methods. By synthesizing and analyzing existing literature, this review provides a comprehensive overview for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in advancing PEMFC technology. The findings underscore the crucial role of multilayer coatings in augmenting the performance and longevity of al alloy-based Bp, offering valuable insights to guide further research and development in the pursuit of efficient and durable fuel cell systems. In comparing the aluminum grades Al-356, Al-5052, Al-6061, and Al-7075, it is observed that Al 5052 exhibits lower corrosion density, providing greater efficiency compared to other aluminum grades. In the case of Al 356, the potentiostatic result yields a lower value than that of other aluminum grades. Consequently, these findings suggest a tendency for favorable corrosion resistance and electrodeposition in both Al 5052 and Al 356, making them noteworthy choices in applications requiring these particular material characteristics.

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45

Marques, Armando E., Pedro A. Prates, André F. G. Pereira, Nataliya A. Sakharova, Marta C. Oliveira, and José V. Fernandes. "Numerical Study on the Forming Behaviour of Multilayer Sheets." Metals 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060716.

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Nowadays, composite materials are playing an increasingly important role in material forming processes because they can combine remarkable physical and mechanical properties with relatively low weight. The main objective of this work is to study the forming behaviour of multi-layer sheets by finite element analysis. The possibility of replacing the composite by a single equivalent material, with a plastic behaviour similar to that of the composite, was also numerically analysed. This study focuses on two three-layer sheets, each composed of two metallic outer layers and a core of polymeric material; on one of the sheets, the outer layers are steel and, on the other, aluminium. Numerical simulations of the bulge test and of the deep drawing of a U-channel profile and a square cup were used to evaluate the behaviour of the multi-layer sheets and their equivalent materials. The influences of the difference of the mechanical properties of the constituent materials and some geometrical parameters of the deep-drawing process on the plastic behaviour, namely the curves of force vs. displacement of the punch and the strain and stress distributions, were evaluated. The possibility of using the bulge test to characterize the behaviour of the composite was also analysed.

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Cepeda-Jiménez, C. M., M. Pozuelo, O. A. Ruano, and F. Carreño. "Influence of the thermomechanical processing on the fracture mechanisms of high strength aluminium/pure aluminium multilayer laminate materials." Materials Science and Engineering: A 490, no. 1-2 (August 2008): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.01.034.

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Mroczyński, Robert, Daniel Iwanicki, Bartosz Fetliński, Monika Ożga, Michał Świniarski, Arkadiusz Gertych, Mariusz Zdrojek, and Marek Godlewski. "Optimization of Ultra-Thin Pulsed-DC Magnetron Sputtered Aluminum Films for the Technology of Hyperbolic Metamaterials." Crystals 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050384.

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The future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials demand stacks of materials with alternative ultra-thin conductive/dielectric films with good homogeneity of the thickness and reduced roughness level. In this work, the technology of pulsed-DC magnetron sputtering of aluminum was optimized using the Taguchi method in order to fabricate Al films with improved roughness level. The performed structural characterization proved the smaller Al domains and better homogeneity of the surface. The optimized process was used to fabricate a multilayer structure of Al/HfOx as the metamaterial media. The fabricated structures were optically characterized in the UV/VIS range. The presented findings demonstrated the tunability effect of the effective reflectance of the examined stacks. The presented results are promising for the future application of multilayer structures in novel photonic devices based on hyperbolic metamaterials.

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XU, FANG, KAI JIANG, HAOLING SUN, SONG GAO, and DONGSHENG XU. "FABRICATION AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Au/Ni MULTILAYER NANOWIRE ARRAYS." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 02n03 (April 2006): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004218.

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Ordered Au/Ni multilayer nanowire arrays have been fabricated into the pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates by pulse DC electrodeposition. Structural parameters, such as nanowire length and layer thickness can be controlled by changing the deposition time and the pulse width. The magnetic measurement results indicate that these Au/Ni multilayer nanowire arrays have small coercivity and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which the easy axis is parallel to the nanowires. These Au/Ni multilayer structures are expected to be found potential applications in AC inductors or magnetic shielding.

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Sergi, Claudia, Jacopo Tirillò, Teodoro Valente, and Fabrizio Sarasini. "Effect of Basalt Fibres on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Multi-Material Packaging." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030072.

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The low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/aluminium mix obtained after the recovery of cellulose from multilayer aseptic packaging used in the food and beverage industry is generally destined for energy recovery. In this work we propose it as a matrix for value-added composite materials. A commercially available material (EcoAllene) obtained from multilayer packaging recycling was reinforced with short natural basalt fibres up to 30 wt.% by twin screw extrusion, aiming at improving the mechanical profile of such material and widening its applications. Thermal characterizations by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the material is indeed a complex mixture of LDPE, HDPE, PP, and aluminium. Basalt fibres did not modify the melting and crystallization profile as well as the global degradation behaviour. Composites were then subjected to tensile, bending, Charpy impact tests and the fracture surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results highlighted a beneficial effect of basalt fibres to stiffness and strength in both loading conditions, with improvements by 107% and 162% for tensile and bending strength, respectively, which were linked also to a 45% enhancement of impact strength. This increased mechanical performance is promising for their use in automotive interiors and outdoor decking applications.

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Anawati, Brit Graver, Heidi Nordmark, Zhijun Zhao, G. S. Frankel, John Charles Walmsley, and Kemal Nisancioglu. "Multilayer Corrosion of Aluminum Activated by Lead." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157, no. 10 (2010): C313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3478663.

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