Дисертації з теми "Aluminium contacts"
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Ruppert, Christopher. "Thermal fatigue in stationary aluminium contacts." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1125.
Повний текст джерелаThe conductive area of a stationary electrical contact consists of many small contact spots. The contact spots can be described as narrow metal bridges across the interface between two conductors. Deterioration of a contact is closely related to processes occurring in these microscopic areas. The objective of this work is to clarify the basic mechanisms affecting the reliability and degradation of an electrical contact by closely studying the contact spots.
Particular emphasis has been put on examining the contact spots occurring in aluminium-aluminium interfaces when passing AC. Due to the small thermal capacity of a contact spot the temperature in the contact spot cycles with twice the frequency of the applied AC. The minimum temperature attained during one cycle being the bulk temperature of the conductor, the maximum temperature can in heavily stressed contacts be close to the melting point of the conductor material. In the idealized contact used in the present investigation, this thermal cycling may initiate thermal fatigue processes in the contact spot region.
Microscopic cracks appear in the contact spot region as the result of thermal fatigue processes. The cracks not only lower the mechanical strength of the conductor in close vicinity of the contact spot, they also cause a higher electrical resistivity in these areas.
Alloying a tracer metal in one of the electrodes of the contact allows for closer investigation of the crack propagation as it occurred during the experiments. The tracer migrates into the heated contact spot region of the opposite electrode where the cracks constitute a barrier impairing further diffusion into the electrode. Further information on the thermal fatigue processes in the contact spot region is obtained when examining metallographic images of cross sectioned contact spots. Here it can be seen that the repetitive thermal stresses give rise to clearly localized recrystallisation in the contact spot region.
Thermal fatigue is a well known failure mechanism in mechanical structures. It has to the authors knowledge not previously been associated with the deterioration of contact spots. However, the mechanical damage in the contact spot region caused by the temperature cycling also has a detrimental effect on the electrical behaviour of the contact. It is therefore suggested that thermal fatigue is of considerable importance to the reliability and degradation of stationary electrical contacts.
Boudjelida, Boumedienne. "Metal-aluminium gallium nitride Schottky contacts formation." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2006. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19373/.
Повний текст джерелаHoule-Paradis, Jean-Philippe. "Modélisation de la flexion libre d'un câble multicouche tenant compte de l'élasticité des contacts." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1598.
Повний текст джерелаLorrière, Philippe. "Étude numérique du sertissage de contacts électriques aéronautiques sur câbles multibrins." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1499.
Повний текст джерелаThe crimping technology process to ensure the electrical and the mechanical link between the wire and the connector. The will to use aluminium cables and small sections of table poses new problems. The numerical simulation of the crimping process is usefull to understand the reasons of the difficulties encountered particular with to the simulation of the elastic return. We made an analytical and numerical study with a simplified model winch highlights the importance of the materials parameters on the spring back. The numerical study slows the results of the 2D simulations make with the finite element method, that it is implicit static with the ABAQUS/standard code or explicit dynamics with AQUS/explicit. The results with the hypothesis of the plane strains or plane stress are compared with the experimental results. This nonlinear problem involves large elasto-plastic strains and multiple contact conditions, with friction between the wires and the barrel. Lastly, we present a numerical study inthree dimensions where the importance of the punches geometry is highlighted
Mercier, David. "Lois de comportement des matériaux utilisés dans les contacts électriques pour application " flip chip "." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI083/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the field of « 3D » microelectronic integration, a wafer level technology using flip chip stacking and based on a microinsertion process has been developed recently. This technology is mainly based on the contact realized by thermocompression between a network of microinserts made of Nickel ECD, with connections pads in Al(Cu). In this work, a scenario describing the contact establishment between a unique rough microinsert of Nickel and a smooth thin Aluminum film taking into account the presence of native Alumina at the contact interface, is developed for a range of pressures from MPa to GPa. The analysis of the metal-oxide-metal contact is essentially based on the fracture of the native oxide followd by the metal extrusion through cracks, and requires the knowledge of the behaviour laws of materials, obtained from instrumented nanoindentation tests coupled with numerical modeling. Finally, the measure of the electrical contact resistance evolution in function of applied load, with specific pioneering experimental setup, showcases the mechanisms driving the formation of metallic contact during the microinsertion process
Pfeifer, Stephanie. "Einfluss intermetallischer Phasen der Systeme Al-Cu und Al-Ag auf den Widerstand stromtragender Verbindungen im Temperaturbereich von 90 °C bis 200 °C." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-211232.
Повний текст джерелаIn electrical power supply networks a huge number of electrical joints are used to connect transmission lines, conductors, switchgears and other components. During operation these joints are aging due to different aging mechanisms. Depending on the type of the joint several aging mechanisms can take place at the same time. For stationary joints with contact partners made of different materials, the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) may be an issue. These IMC have worse electrical and mechanical properties compared to the pure metals. Therefore, the presence of IMC in the contact area results in a higher joint re-sistance and the temperature and the thermal power losses increase. Typical temperatures for high current joints are between 90 °C and 200 °C. Due to their good electrical conductivity aluminum and copper are often used as conductor materials and silver as a coating material. Especially bimetal joints made of aluminum and copper are not long term stable. The formation of Al-Cu IMC is held responsible as a cause of failure. The IMC of the System Al-Cu have already been studied by several authors. However, it is difficult to apply the results directly to electrical joints in power supply networks. In many studies the low temperature range between 90 °C and 200 °C is not regarded. In addition, the properties of the IMC may vary due to different preparation processes. There is only little information about the system Al-Ag in the literature. For this work, phase pure IMC of the systems Al-Cu and Al-Ag were prepared by different preparation processes using similar process parameters. These IMC samples were electrically characterized with a specially developed measuring device. The specific electric resistivity and the temperature coefficient of resistance were determined and compared to values taken from the literature. Various combinations of bus bar joints made of aluminum and copper were investigated in long term tests for up to three years. The joint resistance was determined as a function of time. In addition, for selected joints two identic setups were operated with continuous load and alternating load. The long term behavior was investigated with regard to the load ap-plied. Using the results of the electrical characterization of the IMC their influence on the joint resistance was calculated theoretically. The results of the calculation were compared to the results determined in the long term tests. Selected joints were examined microscopi-cally after termination of the long term tests. It was found, that the long term behavior of bimetal electrical joints with the combination Al-Cu and Al-Ag cannot be exclusively described by the growth of IMC. At least there is one further aging mechanism involved. The studies suggest, that oxygen may have a significant influence
Filali, Oussama. "Approche multi physique du contact frottant en grande déformation plastique : prédiction numérique du grippage d'alliages d'aluminium en mise en forme à froid." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0035.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis proposes a new approach to predict the galling defect encountered during cold forming of aluminum alloys. Numerous experimental studies show that this defect is strongly linked to the conditions of contact and friction and is a function of the roughness of the manufacturing tools. Models to predict the appearance of this defect are rare and are generally based on indirect observables, such as pressure or temperature fields, without explicitly taking into account the influence of first-order factors such as lubrication and 'surface condition of the materials in contact. The proposed methodology of our work assumes that the defect appears when the material of the part near its contact surface reaches a critical level of damage. However, in a previous study, it was shown that damage models based exclusively on hydrostatic pressure, such as GTN or Lemaitre models, were only able to predict damage if they model roughness. surfaces. This leads to multi-scale numerical simulations which are very costly in terms of computation time and incompatible with the modeling of real industrial processes. To get around this difficulty, the present study proposes to use damage models considering the shear effects generated by the friction contact. The influence of roughness is then based on a relevant choice of the friction law. First, a bibliographical chapter deals with damage models. Particular attention is paid to models using the Lode parameter to consider the effect of shear stresses on the evolution of damage variables. Secondly, a bibliographical review of friction and lubrication models is presented. The study notably highlights models based on a mesoscopic approach to lubrication, with the modeling of the crushing of roughness during rubbing contact. At the end of these chapters, the damage model developed by L. Xue and a lubrication model explicitly considering the value of surface roughness is used to predict seizure in different contact configurations. Initially, this numerical methodology is applied to the study of the flat drawing process of 6082-T4 aluminum alloy plates. Then the methodology is applied to a pion / plane contact on 6082-T6 alloy plates. Finally, a process for spinning before cylindrical slips is studied with the same digital tools. These different configurations are tested with or without lubricant and with tools having different roughness values. The results show that the proposed procedure allows in most of the cases tested to predict the appearance of the defect, whether in configurations with or without lubricant. The predictions are nevertheless optimistic, the slip distances before the onset of digital seizure being generally greater than the distances measured experimentally. The results are however promising, and several perspectives are presented to improve the precision of the proposed methodology
Karbouj, Rim. "Transfert d'aluminium : cas des matériaux pour contact alimentaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294273.
Повний текст джерелаHamedi, Emilia. "Electrical connection for aluminium conductors in automotive applications : Prestudy of available solutions for electrical connection methods of aluminium cables." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212545.
Повний текст джерелаChalfoun, Lynn Louise. "Process optimization of alloyed aluminum backside contacts for silicon solar cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10996.
Повний текст джерелаBraham, Victoria Jane. "Corrosion of aluminium in contact with cutting fluids : electrochemistry of corrosion." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/797.
Повний текст джерелаSun, Ta-chien. "Fundamental study of contact resistance behavior in RSW aluminum." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1069807481.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxviii, 314 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-314). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Müller, Jens [Verfasser]. "Characterisation of local aluminum-alloyed contacts to silicon solar cells / Jens Müller." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047356007/34.
Повний текст джерелаLamacq, Valérie. "Amorcage et propagation de fissures de fatigue sous conditions de fretting : Approches theorique et experimentale." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0037.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work aimed to understand and then model, at a macroscopic scale, the mechanisms governing cracking under Fretting Fatigue loading on a Pre-Stressed sample (FFPS). Cracks are thus submitted to mixed mode and Non Proportional Conditions (NPC). The classical concepts of the Elastic Linear Fracture Mechanic can hardly account for these conditions. It was then necessary to propose a new approach. That is why, an experimental and a theoretical approach were conducted in parallel. Two experimental complementary sets of tests were conducted to study cracking under FFPS. Firstly, three aeronautical aluminum alloys were tested. Experimental observations were performed at the end of each test through a destructive manner. The surface degradations were first related to the applied running conditions. Then, crack location and propagation directions during stage I and II were defined. The second experimental set of tests was conducted on photoelastic samples. The evolution of the isochromatic fringe pattern along crack faces was directly observed during test. It informed us on crack behaviour and displacements during loading cycles. Crack initiation and propagation were also directly recorded. Thanks to the analysis of crack growth rate curves and observations of crack face feature, different propagation stages were defined under FFPS. The aim of the theoretical approach was to identify the macroscopic parameters governing crack life under FFPS. First of all, initiation and propagation mechanisms during stage I were defined and analysed. Crack location in or out the contact area and the corresponding initial crack growth directions were predicted under various fretting conditions. The conditions governing crack transition from stage I to stage II were then defined. Finally, propagation modes and directions during stage II were determined. In order to account for the NPC, a criterion adapted to the loading conditions and material was selected. This first analysis was then completed by analysing the stress field at the crack tip. Crack propagation modes were then clearly identified under FFPS
Tomicic, Daniel. "Adhesion measurements of positive photoresist on sputtered aluminium surface." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1118.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with different methods to improve the adhesion between sputtered aluminium and positive photoresist. Factors controlling the adhesion and different ways to measure the adhesion have been investigated. Different surface treatments prior to resist disposition have been investigated as well. The investigated surface treatments and adhesion measurements are compatible with the available equipment and the existing process cycle at Strand Interconnect AB. All tests were made in class 1000 clean room. All tests in this thesis were performed with MICROPOSIT S1818 SP16, which is a commercial and commonly used positive resist manufactured by Shipley.
To provide sufficient adhesion on the aluminium surface some kind of surface treatment must be used. Today a wet chemical treatment is used at Strand Interconnect. In this report methods to modify the surface properties and to measure the adhesion have been investigated. The three methods to modify the aluminium surface were oxygen plasma, wet chemicals and primers and were used in this thesis. The RF power and time duration of the oxygen plasma were varied, while the temperature, gas flow and pressure were fixed. The adhesion was determined indirectly from measuring contact angles of 50 µl DI water droplets on sputtered aluminium in the wettability test as well as directly from the undercut caused by the etch fluid at the interface between the photoresist and the aluminium surface.
An oxygen plasma with 200 W power for 30 s resulted in the lowest measured contact angle, which means that the resist adheres well on the surface. The angle was 2.99 degrees compared to 6.34 degrees for the wet chemical treatment used today. The same treatment also resulted in the lowest undercut, which correlates well with the result from the contact angle measurements. The measured undercut for a 25µm wide conductor was 1.41 µm, corresponding to an undercutting constant (ku) of 1410. The wet chemical surface treatment used today resulted in an undercut of 1.60 µm, equivalent to a ku of 1233. Similar results were obtained for a 15 µm wide conductor.
Monnier, Arnaud. "Etude et simulation du soudage par résistance de matériaux de contact." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112329.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is done in the frame of a CIFRE convention between Schneider Electric and the Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Paris-SUPELEC. The goal is to understand the physical phenomena occurring during the resistance welding process of contact materials and the development of a numerical simulation of the process. An innovating welding device is developed. Experimental tests done with two rivets of copper allow to determine a weldability area. They also show that the dynamic contact resistance allow to follow the heating way in the pieces. Moreover the characterisation tests (ultrasonic images, shear tests, macrographies), that are supplementary, highlight other physical phenomena. The simulation done with the FEM software ANSYS takes into account the coupling between the mechanical, electrical and thermal phenomena. Two supplementary modellings are developed : a macroscopic modelling that takes into account the evolution of the global superficial resistivity versus the force and the temperature and a microscopic modelling that decouples the roughness and the superficial insulating impurities of the contact area. A comparison between the calculated and measured results shows a consistency of them. These modellings that are consistent with the experimental tests allow to extend the study for the welding of a rivet of aluminium with a rivet of copper and to study the influence of the frequency of the rectified current used during the welding
Zimmermann, Gregor. "Elektrische Charakterisierung PLD-gewachsener Zinkoxid-Nanodrähte." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-61365.
Повний текст джерелаDiop, Mamadou Diobet. "Contribution à l'étude mécanique et électrique du contact localisé : Adaptation de la nanoidendentation à la micro-insertion." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467529.
Повний текст джерелаDelaney, Luc D. "A first report on electromigration studies at a model copper-aluminum railgun contact." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FDelaney.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Advisor(s): Indranath Dutta. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53). Also available in print.
Pham, Tat Thang. "Endommagement en surface des alliages d'aluminium en mise en forme à froid." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis investigates the mechanisms of galling of aluminum alloys on tools during cold forming. First, an experimental methodology using the test bench UST is proposed. It enables the simulation in the laboratory of the conditions of contact similar to those encountered in industries. A series of trials is performed, testing the material in various conditions of contact pressures, sliding speeds and of lubrication. A link between the contact conditions on the one hand and mass transfer on the other hand tools is established and a mechanism of occurrence of adhesion of aluminum on cold forging tools is proposed. In a second step four damage and failure models are presented and their abilities to predict the onset of galling of aluminum are discussed. A set of finite element simulations is performed and compared to experimental results in order to quantify the influence of contact conditions on evolution of damage encountered in the vicinity of the specimen surface. The results show that a single coefficient of friction is not sufficient to model the severity of the tribosystem. A multi-scale approach is then proposed to simulate the effect of the roughness of the tools on the first step of material transfer. Many prospects are also presented to improve the understanding of the phenomena of bonding and numerical modeling of these phenomena
Papai, Jonathan Pearson. "Contact heat transfer coefficients in aluminum alloy die casting: an experimental and numerical investigation/." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784937729536.
Повний текст джерелаLebeuf, Martin. "Étude de phénomènes chimiques au contact entre le bloc cathodique et la barre collectrice d'une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6187.
Повний текст джерелаBusson, Christophe. "Etude et optimisation de revêtements de collecteurs de courant en aluminium pour électrode positive, en vue d’augmenter les densités d’énergie et de puissance, et la durabilité de batteries lithium-ion." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4103.
Повний текст джерелаPerformance improvement is necessary in order to fulfill our increasing needs in electric mobility. Electrode and electrolyte materials optimization are privileged research directions. Furthermore, current collectors have a key role in the performance and their preservation, associated with electrode delamination, electrical contact resistance and corrosion issues at the current collector/electrode interface. To this end, conductive and protective coatings for aluminum current collectors have been developed. Interactions between a LiFePO4 – PVdF type electrode and current collectors were studied. The electrolyte wettability of this interface appeared to be a major contact resistance contribution, probably due to the formation of the electrochemical double layer. Protection of this interface was achieved through coatings’ material selection. Performance improvements have been observed: contact resistance decrease, higher power and energy densities at high rates and corrosion protection of aluminum substrates in LiTFSI-based electrolyte. It has been demonstrated that the contact resistance with current collectors is one of the major drawback of LiFePO4 electrodes, and an effective coating can allow the suppression of the electrode’s conductive carbon additives whereas performance are preserved
Siopis, Matthew James. "Wear at high sliding speeds and high contact pressures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54854.
Повний текст джерелаWoehl, Robert [Verfasser]. "All-Screen-Printed Back-Contact Back-Junction Silicon Solar Cells with Aluminum-Alloyed Emitter / Robert Woehl." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023435179/34.
Повний текст джерелаMazuir, Clarisse. "Design, fabrication, and testing of high-transparency deep ultra-violet contacts using surface plasmon coupling in subwavelength aluminum meshes." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4979.
Повний текст джерелаID: 029810223; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-145).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Optics and Photonics
Brassard, Martin. "Dégradation chimique de l’interface cathodique carbone-fonte de cellules de production d’aluminium." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9880.
Повний текст джерелаAkkoyun, Meral. "Compréhension du phénomène d’adhésion d’un gel polymère réalisé par extrusion sur substrat aluminium : application au contact électrode-collecteur d’une supercapacité." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET4026.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to consider changes in formulation or process of the geltrusion technology developed by Batscap to increase the reliability of supercapacitors by limiting self-discharge. The technology is based on the simultaneous extrusion of polymers (PVDF, PVDF-HFP), solvent (propylene carbonate) and fillers (activated carbon, carbon black). The mixture carried out in a twin-screw extrusion is then filmed and laminated on the aluminium collector. Therefore, it was important to understand the interactions between the different components of the electrode, and especially to study the miscibility of the ternary system polymer/polymer/solvent and also the adsorption of solvent on fillers. This approach has allowed a better understanding of the phenomena involved through a characterization of the complex, in its current form at different stages of the process. Then, changes in formulations were considered. In particular, the effect of the structure and molecular weight of the polymers on adhesion was studied. In all cases, it was envisaged to test the possibilities offered by the use of a different solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide). The latter being a better solvent for the PVDF, is also easier to remove than propylene carbonate. Finally, from the rheological data of the mixture, a mechanical modeling, using the multimodal Maxwell model, was conducted in the lamination step taking into account of the viscoelastic behavior of the gel. All these studies allow us to conclude on the relevant changes in the formulation and process conditions
Peng, Zih-Wei [Verfasser], and Eberhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweda. "Development of Industrial n-PERT Rear Junction Solar Cells with Screen-Printed Aluminum Point Contacts / Zih-Wei Peng ; Betreuer: Eberhard Schweda." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1202774202/34.
Повний текст джерелаHomam, Seyed Massoud. "A chemical and textural study of aluminium silicate bearing rocks from the contact aureole of the Ardara Pluton, Co. Donegal, Ireland." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367981.
Повний текст джерелаUrrejola, Elias [Verfasser]. "Aluminum-Silicon Contact Formation Through Narrow Dielectric Openings : Application To Industrial High Efficiency Rear Passivated Solar Cells / Elias Urrejola." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023660032/34.
Повний текст джерелаRomаnszki, L., M. Mohos, J. Telegdi, and L. Nyikos. "Contact Angle Measurement is an Efficient Tool for the Characterization of Corrosion Pro-tection Nanolayers on Copper Alloys and Stainless Steel." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35254.
Повний текст джерелаPerez, Emmanuel. "Interdiffusion behavior of U-Mo alloys in contact with Al and Al-Si alloys." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5007.
Повний текст джерелаID: 029809410; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-115).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Delacroix, Jessica. "Etude des mécanismes de fissuration en fatigue et/ou fretting d'alliages Al-Cu-Li." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740238.
Повний текст джерелаPretell, Valero Luis Jonathan. "Caracterización eléctrica de contactos de aluminio fabricados por deposición física de vapor sobre obleas de Silicio de distintos dopajes." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8687.
Повний текст джерелаSemiconductor electronic devices are connected to other external terminals by means of metal contacts. These form interconnections of devices within the integrated circuits. Through these contacts is where the flow of charge carriers enters and leaves from one device to another, by the potential difference that is applied. Contacts could be: Schottky, those that conduct charge in one direction and in the other offer resistance, or ohmic contact, which offer low resistance to the current ow in both directions. It is of interest to obtain ohmic contacts, from Schottky contacts through annealing. Schottky contacts were obtained by the evaporation of aluminum on different dopal silicon samples, which were made by Physical Vapor Deposition. To analyze the ohmic contact formation process in the samples, these were characterized electronically by means of the current density vs. voltage curves (J-V ), before and after annealing, at temperatures of 500_C , 550_C y 600_C for 10 minutes each Schottky contacts obtained in the p-type silicon samples, with annealing at 500_C, behaved as ohmic contact. For the following annealing temperatures (550_C y 600_C) the contact resistance increases, because a p+ region is formed at the silicon-aluminum interface, which could slow the conduction by thermal emission. It is also observed that, at higher doping concentration in the samples, the contact resistance decreases, since the tunneling transport through the barrier begins to dominate. Schottky contacts obtained in the n-type silicon samples, with annealing at 500_C, improve the conduction in the samples with low doping concentration, while in the the samples with of high doping concentration, the resistance increases. This is because a p+ layer is formed at the silicon-alumininum interface, and with the following annealing temperatures (550_C y 600_C), the p+ region continues growing. The contact resistances increase in the low doping concentration, in the medium doping concentration sample, the Schottky barrier disappears, and in the high doping concentration sample the space charge region changes to an inversion, it will now form a Schottky p-type silicon contact.
Tesis
Hamasaiid, Anwar. "Transferts thermiques interfaciaux en fonderie en moules métalliques d'alliages légers." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30249.
Повний текст джерелаThe present investigation is about the interfacial heat transfer during the solidification of light alloys in Gravity (GDC) and High Pressure (HPDC) Die Casting processes. The study consists of three principle fields, experimental, analytical and modelling. The Experimental activity involves measuring the temperature around the casting-die interface, in the mould and at the surface of the castings and other process parameters during die filling and solidification. For this purpose, suitable experimental methods and sensors have been developed. Particularly a pyrometric measurement method has been adapted to measure the casting surface temperature during its solidification. Hundredths of trials were performed using Al-7Si-0. 3Mg, A-9Si-3Cu and AZ91 D alloys during the two investigated processes. From the temperature measurements, interfacial heat transfer coefficient and heat flux density have been evaluated using an inverse method. The obtained results have been analysed with regards to the various process parameters and to the microstructure of the castings. .
Langston, Paul Wesley. "Implementation and evaluation of a two-dimensional laser doppler vibrometer system for non-contact monitoring of external stress loading of aluminum samples." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33808.
Повний текст джерелаSaab, Elias. "Comparaison des performances catalytiques des systèmes oxydes de Ce, Al et Mn dans l'oxydation totale des particules carbonées et le vaporeformage du méthanol." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0180.
Повний текст джерелаThe carbonaceous particles are one of the sources of the air pollution. Their collection is done by particulate filters followed by their elimination by catalytic or thermal ways. Another possibility for the reduction of the air pollution will be to change towards sources of clean energy to replace fossil energies. To this end, catalysts containing cerium, aluminum and manganese were studied in the combustion of the carbon black like in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol in order to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. Concerning the combustion of the carbon black, two types of contacts between the carbon particles and the catalyst were studied. The weak contact and the strong contact. The carbon black is characterized by the presence of intrinsic paramagnetic centres which are sensitive to oxygen in air. The formation of new species ascribable to localised paramagnetic spins with the interface of catalyst-NC, is highlighted following the strong contact between the two solids. Under these conditions, the ceria and contrary to alumina, is powerful in the reaction of combustion of the carbon black. Catalysts xMn/Ce and xMn/Al (x can change from 10-4 to 1) were prepared and activated at 600°C. The manganese addition improves the catalytic reactivity of these solids in the combustion of carbon black. The increase in the manganese content returns the oxidation of the possible carbon black at temperatures close to those obtained in a muffler. The catalysts present primarily the Mn2O3 phase at their surface with more marked presence of Mn(II) species in the case of alumina compared to the ceria. The setting in contact of the carbon black with the manganese deposited on the ceria causes the reduction of the manganese species and contributes to the reactivity of these solids. The low reactivity of the Mn/Al catalysts was explained by the strong stability of the manganese species being on alumina. All these catalysts are completely selective for the formation of CO2. The catalytic performances of these solids used in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol for the production of the hydrogen gas, remain below those obtained for transition metal oxide bases catalysts (Cr, Co, Ni, Mo,. . . ) considered as the current state of art in this field. Nevertheless, catalysts containing copper impregnated on a binary system ceria-alumina, show themselves very powerful and promising for the production of H2 supplying the fuel cells
Salace, Guy. "Contribution a l'etude des interfaces dans les structures mim et mis : spectroscopie tunnel sur fluorure d'aluminium, etude de l'interface si-sio2 par deux methodes classiques et par spectroscopie tunnel." Reims, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REIMS006.
Повний текст джерелаSperling, Michel. "Etude du dépôt de tungstène par réaction chimique en phase vapeur assistée par laser : application à la reconnexion des lignes d'aluminium dans les circuits intégrés." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0162.
Повний текст джерелаPoot, Thirza. "Tuned sustainable anodic coatings for reduced ice adhesion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Molekylär ytfysik och nanovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158214.
Повний текст джерелаBelloula, Amar. "Contribution à l’étude de la prédiction de la durée de vie en fretting-fatigue : application à un contact acier-alliage d’aluminium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study is to predict fretting fatigue crack nucleation of a mono contact steel/aluminum at different applied loads.An experimental device was first designed and adapted on a multiaxial fatigue apparatus. Tests were conducted aluminum alloy at constant amplitude loading under both different load levels and load ratios. As expected, the fretting fatigue life was found lower compared to uniaxial fatigue under the same loading conditions. Finite element analysis was conducted using \textit{Abaqus} software. The computed stress and strain fields were used to estimate the parameters of different multiaxial fatigue criteria based on the critical plane approach. When using stress and strain values corresponding to the material point exhibiting the maximum value of the considered parameter, we have found that, whatever the multiaxial fatigue parameter, conservative fatigue life estimates due to the severe gradients in the contact zone. An averaging method of the mechanical quantities over a given reference volume was then used to attenuate these gradients effects. The estimates show a good correlation with experimental results. However, the size of the reference volume depends on both the multiaxial fatigue criteria and on loading conditions applied. So that it could not be directly linked to the grain size for the material studied. Finally, we made an attempt to extend these criteria and the developed method to variable loadings. Fretting fatigue tests using two and four blocks loadings were performed and the previous criteria were coupled with two damage laws. The estimates we have obtained seems very promising
Jaiboon, Oruethai [Verfasser], and Siegfried R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Horn. "Characterization of aluminium and its alloys by means of analysis of passive, pitting and galvanic behaviour in contact with CFRP by electrochemical noise and polarization methods / Oruethai Jaiboon. Betreuer: Siegfried R. Horn." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077705514/34.
Повний текст джерелаJaiboon, Oruethai Verfasser], and Siegfried R. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Horn. "Characterization of aluminium and its alloys by means of analysis of passive, pitting and galvanic behaviour in contact with CFRP by electrochemical noise and polarization methods / Oruethai Jaiboon. Betreuer: Siegfried R. Horn." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077705514/34.
Повний текст джерелаASSEFRAOUI, ADIL. "Etude optique, mecanique et thermique simultanee et sous pression d'ecrasement, de la resistance thermique et des microdeformations - densite et aire des points de contact - d'une interface aluminium-saphir. Comparaison avec un modele predictif." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2047.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Karina Rodrigues da. "Caracterização da alumina anódica porosa modificada por plasma." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8331.
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In this study, the wettability of porous anodic alumina (PAA) surfaces modified by plasma was investigated. The porous anodic alumina films were grown on aluminum substrate using a two step anodization procedure in oxalic acid solution under potentiostatic regime. The surfaces of PAA films were modified by plasma treatment or plasma deposition techniques. Prior to surface modification, the impurities were removed by a plasma cleaning procedure. Oxygen was used in plasma treatment in order to produce hydrophilic surfaces. On the other hand, the plasma deposition (in HMDSO or HMDSO + argon mixture) was performed to produce hydrophobic surfaces or less hydrophilic surface. Electropolished aluminum without PAA film were used as reference. The influence of substrate morphology on wettability was analyzed. The morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural analysis was carried out using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A goniometer was used to measure the contact angle and evaluate the wettability of electroplished aluminum and PAA films. The results showed that the wettability of the samples was affect by chemical interactions of functional groups on the surface deposited after plasma treatment. The effect of the porous surface morphology on wettability was not significant compared to the plasma treated films with new chemical interactions effects.
Neste trabalho foram investigadas as propriedades de molhabilidade das superfícies nanoestruturadas da alumina anódica porosa (AAP) modificadas por plasma. Os filmes de AAP foram produzidos sobre substrato de alumínio pelo método de anodização potenciostática em duas etapas em solução de ácido oxálico. Após a fabricação, as amostras foram submetidas a um tratamento a plasma (com oxigênio) ou a deposição a plasma (em HMDSO ou em uma mistura de HMDSO e argônio). Antes das modificações das superfícies, removeram-se as impurezas das amostras através de técnicas de limpeza a plasma. No tratamento a plasma, o gás oxigênio foi utilizado para a obtenção de superfícies hidrofílicas. Por outro lado, para tornar a superfície hidrofóbica ou menos hidrofílica, foram feitas duas séries de deposição a plasma, uma contendo uma mistura de argônio e HMDSO e outra série somente com HMDSO. O tratamento ou deposição a plasma também foram feitas em amostras de alumínio eletropolido, sem a camada de AAP, a fim de verificar a influência morfológica do substrato na molhabilidade. A caracterização morfológica dos filmes de AAP foi feita por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), onde foi verificada a formação dos poros na superfície. A caracterização microestrutural foi feita por espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) com o objetivo de verificar as alterações químicas na superfície. A molhabilidade foi analisada utilizando um goniômetro, equipamento que realiza medição direta do ângulo de contato. Os resultados mostram que a molhabilidade da superfície é afetada por interações químicas dos grupos funcionais na superfície dos filmes. Por outro lado, o efeito da morfologia sobre a molhabilidade da superfície não é significativo nas condições estudadas.
Tonietto, Gilmar. "Definir e avaliar os determinantes da qualidade, que contribuem para a satisfação dos clientes que utilizam serviço de tratamento térmico." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85271.
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Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se de um procedimento para avaliar os fatores que contribuem para a satisfação dos clientes que utilizam serviços prestados por empresas de tratamento térmico na região Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foi definido um questionário com 70 questões visando avaliar as necessidades e satisfações de 41 empresas do ramo metal-mecânico que utilizam este serviço. Definiu-se as variáveis relacionadas à satisfação dos usuários desse tipo de serviço. Optou-se pelas variáveis do modelo modificado da escala SERVQUAL como instrumento de medida da qualidade de serviços, avaliando a confiabilidade, responsividade, confiança, empatia, tangibilidade, aspectos financeiros e satisfação. Foi realizada também uma análise estatística multivariada de regressão para mensurar os efeitos das variáveis explicativas. Essa análise do modelo gerado mostra, que as variáveis independentes empatia e tangibilidade são as mais relevantes, pois as duas juntas explicam 61,70% da variância ocorrida.
Elleuch, Khaled. "Comportement en fretting d'alliages d'aluminium : Effet de l'anodisation." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0006.
Повний текст джерелаOn all plane crankcases, vibrations lead to fretting stresses on mechanical assemblies, resulting damage can generate more or less important dysfunction. Two main results are put ahead during this research. The first is a correlation between fretting parameters and crack propagation. Thus, an original methodology for in-situ detection of short crack propagation under fretting wear is implemented. The second result is the development of a wear analysis strategy, which may be extensible to materials subjected to adhesion. With the aim of synthesizing this approach, a fretting wear map is proposed. It takes into account simultaneously phenomenological description of the contact and quantitative analysis of wear. Thus, it is possible to identify the scenario of wear and consequently to determine the concerned mechanisms. The competition between cracking and wear was the subject of a detailed study showing in particular the critical stress field for which there is intensive competition between both kinetics of wear and cracking. In order to improve the fretting behaviour of the aluminium alloy casings, a systematic analysis of the influence of the anodised layers is appliel. The layers have a beneficial effect against wear,and especially, they ensure a better protection of the substrates against cracking
Tongne, Amèvi. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du procédé de soudage FSW (Friction Stir Welding). Analyse microstructurale et modélisation thermomécanique des conditions de contact outil/matière transitoires." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0768/document.
Повний текст джерелаFriction Stir Welding is a solid state joining process developed for transport applications as aerospace and naval. Since its introduction, a large number of investigations have been carried out but the process is not fully controlled. This work including experimental section in which welds have been generated by trigonal tool. The microstructure of these welds has been correlated with the material flow during the process. By understanding the material flow, the transient thermofluid model developed in the second section has been significantly enriched. This modeled has been developed for predicting the microstructure of the weld, especially, the "onion rings". Finally, the occurrence of "onion rings" has been correlated with the maximal strain rate reached by any particle in the weld seam, simulated by the model. However, the velocity has been refined at the vicinity of the tool through the trigonal pin modelling. This was helpful to move the material not only by friction but also by obstacle at the interaction tool/material. The above approach should enable, in this work layout, a better local thermomechanical description and consequently microstructural
Abd, El Kader Magdy Ezzat. "Application of Hot-Melt Ink Jet Processes for Imaging at Offset Printing Form Cylinder." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400092.
Повний текст джерелаDer Fortschritt im Bereich von Charakterisierung und Verständnis für Hot-melt Ink Jet Prozesse zur Bebilderung von Offsetdruckform-Zylindern ist ein Ergebnis dieser Forschung. Die Systematik dieser Arbeit basiert auf einem theoretischen Teil, um einen geeigneten Löschprozess auszuwählen. Der Löschprozess hängt von den Eigenschaften des Hot-melt Ink Jet Materials und der genutzten Aluminiumdruckoberfläche ab. Diese werden systematisch im Labormaßstab experimentell untersucht. Der thermische Prozess wurde einerseits durch Benetzbarkeitsprüfungen und anderseites durch Rasterelektronmikroskopaufnahmen bewertet.Der Ultraschallprozess ist ein nasser Löschprozess. Die Untersuchungen wurden in vier Stufen systematisch durchgeführt - Auswahl vom geeigneten Lösungsmitteln - Einflüsse von ausgewählten Lösungsmitteln auf nicht beschichtete und beschichtete Aluminium platten - Evaluation eines Ultraschalllöschprozesses - Validation eines Löschprozesses; zur Bewertung des Löschprozesses wurden mehrere Druckplattenproben bebildert und gelöscht Die Ergebnisse wurden durch UV/Vis Spektrometer, Kontaktwinkel, Profiliometrie und Visuelle Mikroskopie getestet