Книги: "Alternatives ranges"

1

United States. Congressional Budget Office. Alternatives for long-range ground-attack systems. Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the United States, Congressional Budget Office, 2006.

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2

J, Humphrey Thomas. Short-range commuter-rail alternatives on the South Shore. [Boston, Mass.]: Central Transportation Planning Staff, 1985.

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3

Morgan, Paul. Natural remedies for allergies: Safe self-help measures for treating a wide range of modern allergies. Clifton: Parragon, 1998.

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4

International Business Machines Corporation. IBM SVC implementation with mid range storage: Quickstart guide. S.l: Vervante, 2009.

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5

Brothers/LaPine resource management plan: Preliminary issues and alternatives. Prineville, Or.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District Office, 1986.

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6

United States. Bureau of Land Management. Prineville District. Brothers/LaPine resource management plan: Preliminary issues and alternatives. Prineville, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District Office, 1986.

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7

United States. National Park Service., ed. Sequoia and Kings Canyon, National Parks, General Management Plan Draft - Range of Alternatives A-D, December 1999, (MAPS). [S.l: s.n., 2000.

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8

D, Knutson Ronald, ed. Economic impacts of alternative grazing fees on selected representative ranches and rural communities in the western states. College Station, Tex: Agricultural and Food Policy Center, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, 1992.

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9

United States. Bureau of Land Management. Prineville District. Brothers/LaPine resource management plan: Proposed issues and land use alternatives : summary of the management situation. Prineville, Or: The District, 1987.

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10

Lark, Susan M. Making the estrogen decision: All the information you need to make it--including the full range of natural alternatives. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Pub., 1996.

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11

Knutson, Ronald D. Economic impacts of alternative federal grazing fee formulas on representative ranches in New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, and Nevada. College Station, Tex: Agricultural and Food Policy Center, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, Texas A & M University, 1992.

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12

Hagurov, Temyr, Viktor Slobodchikov, and Margarita Pozdnyakova. Deviantology - sociology and Psychology of Evil. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1868916.

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The monograph deals with topical issues of the theory and methodology of deviant behavior research. An alternative anthropological approach to the problems of classification, research methodology and anthropology of deviant behavior, popular today relativistic methodology, is substantiated. It is addressed to a wide range of readers, including sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, criminologists, etc., who are interested in the problems of studying human behavior in general and deviant behavior in particular.

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13

Pikovskiy, Yuriy. Mineral oil: the development of ideas about the inorganic origin of oil and gas deposits. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1206680.

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The widely accepted theory of the organic origin of oil and gas accumulations is practically not used to select promising areas and places for exploratory drilling. This makes us pay close attention to the alternative mineral concept of the genesis of these minerals. The purpose of the book is to show how ideas about the deep inorganic origin of accumulations of oil and hydrocarbon gas developed from antiquity to modern times, before the creation of modern mineral theory. The importance of mineral theory for forecasting large oil and gas fields, as well as for optimizing oil and gas geoecology is shown. For a wide range of readers interested in the origin of oil and gas fields, as well as the history of the development of this field of knowledge.

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14

Morgan, Paul. Natural Remedies for Allergies: Safe Self-Help Measures for Treating a Wide Range of Modern Allergies. Diane Pub Co, 1998.

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15

Deng, Gary, and Barrie Cassileth. Integrative oncology in palliative medicine. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0417.

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Patients under palliative care, facing poor prognoses and a heavy symptom burden, often seek health-care practices and agents outside of mainstream medicine. Collectively these modalities often are termed ‘complementary and alternative medicine’ (CAM), to describe a diverse group of therapies that range from unproved alternative ‘cures’ offering false hope, to adjunctive complementary therapies that provide legitimate supportive care and that comprise integrative oncology. Although complementary therapies and alternative approaches are sometimes discussed under the single umbrella of CAM, it is clinically and conceptually necessary to distinguish between complementary and ‘alternative’ because they are profoundly different, and because there are no viable ‘alternatives’ to mainstream cancer care. The acronym is an easy but incorrect and counterproductive conflation of two unrelated approaches. This chapter summarizes the state of integrative medicine and medical oncology in the current health-care system. It discusses helpful complementary therapies applicable to palliative medicine and also describes the unproven alternatives that are widely proffered to patients and families internationally.

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16

Nyman, Jonna. Contesting Energy Security in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 challenges these common sense energy security practices by looking at the space for contestation. It reverses the focus to examine the role of power and vested interests in establishing the common sense in the United States. It then looks at how, despite this, energy security remains contested, surveying alternative visions of energy security forwarded. It highlights the range of actors and organizations which speak energy security differently, including, at times, voices within the establishment. This is used to destabilize the common sense by illustrating that energy security not only can be done differently, but that a wide range of actors already present a range of alternatives.

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17

Pettigrove, Glen. Alternatives to Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics. Edited by Nancy E. Snow. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199385195.013.31.

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Most contemporary variants of virtue ethics have a neo-Aristotelian timbre. However, standing alongside the neo-Aristotelians are a number of others playing similar tunes on different instruments. This chapter highlights the four most important virtue ethical alternatives to the dominant neo-Aristotelian chorus. These are Michael Slote’s agent-based approach, Linda Zagzebski’s exemplarism, Christine Swanton’s target-centered theory, and Robert Merrihew Adams’s neo-Platonic account. What these four approaches showcase is the range of possible theoretical structures available to virtue ethicists. A virtue ethicist might attempt to define other normative qualities like goodness or rightness in terms of virtuous traits. But she need not. Instead, she might develop a theory in which virtue is fundamental but other normative qualities obey a logic that is at least partially independent of virtue. This chapter draws attention to an exciting range of possibilities for virtue ethics that both critics and advocates alike will want to explore.

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18

Bedding, RA, RJ Akhurst, and HK Kaya, eds. Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insect Pests. CSIRO Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105218.

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Environmental and public health problems arising from the use of chemical insecticides have led to an increasing demand for alternatives for insect pest control. Together with this, widespread public concern resulting in governmental bans on many of the most effective insecticides and development of insecticide resistance has severely reduced the range of useful insecticides available. Alternative control measures such as the biological control of pest insects with parasitoids and predators and microbial biocides have been in field use for several decades. Although these alternatives are being continually improved, most insect pests are nonetheless still controlled with chemical insecticides. This book presents the latest work on the biological control of insects using nematodes; it covers a range of topics that will help provide a better understanding of the potential problems involved in developing these nematodes as biological control agents. Nematodes infect hundreds of different species from most orders of insects and affect their insect hosts in a variety of ways.

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19

Grace, Dominick, and Eric Hoffman, eds. The Canadian Alternative. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496815118.001.0001.

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This overview of the history of Canadian comics explores not only the few Canadian cartoonists who have received study, but many who have not. Contributors look at the myriad ways that English-language, Francophone, indigenous, and queer Canadian comics and cartoonists pose alternatives to American comics, to dominant perceptions, even to gender and racial categories. Specific works covered range from the earliest Canadian comic books to the work of contemporary creators. In contrast to the United States’ melting pot, Canada has been understood to comprise a social, cultural, and ethnic mosaic, with distinct cultural variation as part of its identity. This volume reveals differences that often reflect in highly regional and localized comics such as Paul MacKinnon’s Cape Breton-specific Old Trout Funnies, Michel Rabagliati’s Montreal-based Paul comics, and Kurt Martell and Christopher Merkley’s Thunder Bay-specific zombie apocalypse. The collection also considers some of the conventionally “alternative” cartoonists, such as Seth, Dave Sim, and Chester Brown. It offers alternate views of the diverse and engaging work of two very different Canadian cartoonists who bring their own alternatives into play: Jeff Lemire in his bridging of Canadian/US and mainstream / alternative sensibilities and Nina Bunjevac in her own blending of realism and fantasy as well as of insider / outsider status. Despite an upsurge in research on Canadian comics, there is still remarkably little written about most major and all minor Canadian cartoonists.This volume provides insight into some of the lesser-known Canadian alternatives still awaiting full exploration.

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20

Osgood, Josiah, Kit Morrell, and Kathryn Welch, eds. The Alternative Augustan Age. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901400.001.0001.

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The princeps Augustus (63 BCE–14 CE), recognized as the first of the Roman emperors, looms large in the teaching and writing of Roman history. Major political, literary, and artistic developments alike are attributed to him. This book deliberately and provocatively shifts the focus off Augustus while still looking at events of his time. Contributors uncover the perspectives and contributions of a range of individuals other than the princeps. Not all thought they were living in the “Augustan Age.” Not all took their cues from Augustus. In their self-display or ideas for reform, some anticipated Augustus. Others found ways to oppose him that also helped to shape the future of their community. The volume challenges the very idea of an “Augustan Age” by breaking down traditional turning points and showing the continuous experimentation and development of these years to be in continuity with earlier Roman culture. In showcasing absences of Augustus and giving other figures their due, the chapters of this volume make a seemingly familiar period startlingly new.

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21

Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., and Michael R. Sperling. Antiseizure Medications. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197541210.001.0001.

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Abstract The prevalence of epilepsy ranges between 0.6% and 1%, and perhaps 70 million worldwide suffer from this condition. The mainstay of treatment is drug therapy. In the past decade, many new antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been introduced, so that there are now approximately 30 medications available to treat epilepsy. The healthcare provider therefore has many choices. However, having many alternatives also allows for the possibility of choosing an inappropriate or a suboptimal agent. For most seizures, there is little difference in efficacy between the different agents, and other factors chiefly influence drug selection. These include the potential adverse effects, comorbid conditions, concomitant medications, age, and gender, among others. The choice of medication should be guided by knowledge and familiarity with the ASMs. This book is designed as a practical tool for physicians and other healthcare providers. While the authors include a brief formal discussion of the basic pharmacology of each ASM, this text emphasizes how to select and use ASMs in a variety of clinical contexts. The authors discuss choosing drugs when faced with various medical comorbidities; how to correctly prescribe, titrate, and taper drugs; how to monitor drug efficacy and side effects; how to diagnose and manage toxicity; interactions with other drugs; and other relevant issues. The text is designed to fill an unmet need and should lead to improved patient care.

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22

Sequoia and Kings Canyon, National Parks, General Management Plan Draft - Range of Alternatives A-D, December 1999, (MAPS). [S.l: s.n., 2000.

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23

The effect of yoga and relaxation techniques on outcome variables associated with osteoarthritis of the hands and finger joints. 1992.

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24

The effect of yoga and relaxation techniques on outcome variables associated with osteoarthritis of the hands and finger joints. 1992.

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25

The effect of yoga and relaxation techniques on outcome variables associated with osteoarthritis of the hands and finger joints. 1992.

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26

Blake, Susan, Julie Browne, and Stuart Sime. A Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823094.001.0001.

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A Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution provides a commentary on all of the major areas of out-of-court dispute resolution. The text is made up of six parts. Part I looks at the history and range of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods. The second part moves on to the interplay between ADR, civil procedural rules (CPR), and litigation. The third part focuses on negotiation and mediation. It looks at styles, strategies, and tactics; preparation for mediation; and the mediation process as a whole. It also touches on international mediation. Part IV is about evaluation, conciliation, and Ombudsmen. The fifth part examines recording settlement. The sixth and final part is about adjudicative ADR. It contains chapters on expert or neutral determination, construction industry adjudication, arbitration, arbitration tribunals, commercial arbitration, international arbitration, awards and orders, High Court jurisdiction in arbitration claims, and, finally, enforcement of settlement and awards.

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27

Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. The Protection of Intellectual Property in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.003.0014.

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This chapter turns to the various approaches for addressing overlaps and resolving conflicts previously summarized. A range of specific conflict rules, the general conflict of norm principles referred to in the ILC Fragmentation Report, as well as alternatives such as conflict-of-laws concepts and the substantive law method are explored and applied to the rule relations assessed throughout prior chapters. The chapter then offers a birds-eye perspective on the relations within the international intellectual property (IP) system, those to alternative systems for protecting IP assets in international law, and to other global legal orders that interface the protection of IP. This perspective cannot claim to be objective and of course does not offer any sort of absolute truth. However, the chapter attempts to present this perspective as one that goes beyond the traditional realm of ‘international intellectual property law’ and truly engages with other rule systems in international law.

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28

Fine, Terrence. Mathematical Alternatives to Standard Probability that Provide Selectable Degrees of Precision. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.11.

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This chapter challenges the nearly universal reliance upon standard mathematical probability for mathematical modeling of chance and uncertain phenomena, and offers four alternatives. In standard practice, precise assignments are made inappropriately, even to the occurrences of events that may be unobservable in principle. Four familiar examples of chance or uncertain phenomena are discussed, about which this is true. The theory of measurement provides an understanding of the relationship between the accuracy of information and the precision with which the phenomenon under examination should be modeled mathematically. The model of modal or classificatory probability offers the least precision. Comparative probability, plausibility/belief functions and upper/lower probabilities are carefully considered. The selectable precision of these alternative mathematical models of chance and uncertainty makes for an improved range of levels of accuracy in modeling the empirical domain phenomena of chance, uncertainty, and indeterminacy. Knowledge of such models encourages further thought in this direction.

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29

Wynn, Gary H., and David M. Benedek. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0024.

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The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) throughout the United States and abroad has significantly increased in the past decade. CAM is relevant to trauma and stressor-related disorders given the frequency of use, but there is very limited evidence to support these treatment options. There is also currently no generally accepted list of what treatments constitute CAM, but only a number of generalized definitions that attempt to provide structure to the concept; therefore, a challenge facing providers will be familiarization with the broad range of modalities potentially considered CAM. This chapter uses a clinician focused definition of CAM: dividing CAM in to “complementary”, “alternative”, and “alternative delivery methods”. The first section, on complementary medicine, covers animal therapy, recreational therapy, yoga, creative arts therapy, and meditation. The second, on alternative therapies, describes alternative pharmacology and acupuncture. The last section provides a brief overview recent developments in alternative care delivery methods.

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30

Drumbl, Mark A. Justice outside of Criminal Courtrooms and Jailhouses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272654.003.0021.

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This chapter explores a range of justice mechanisms that present as alternatives to courtrooms and jails. It discusses a number of ‘othered’ alternatives. A rich thread of Schabas’s work itself engages with such alternatives, and this chapter references this thread. When it comes to alternatives to criminal trials, truth commissions and public inquiries emerge as among the most obvious candidates. In this regard, then, they find themselves at the center of peripheralized modalities of post-conflict justice. This chapter looks well beyond this center so as to recover the value of the margins, the edges, within the periphery. It thereby addresses traditional cleansing ceremonies, community service, civil actions in national courts, restitution, qualified amnesties, and the gacaca in Rwanda. It also examines how, because of perceived inadequacies in victim integration, the Rome Statute framework sought to incorporate restorative approaches to justice (including victim participation in criminal proceedings and entitlements to reparations).

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31

Emens, Elizabeth F. Regulatory Fictions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0018.

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Same-sex marriage debates in recent years have prompted a broader questioning of the institution of marriage. This chapter argues that we should take this opportunity to imagine the widest possible range of alternatives to our current marriage regime—or what this chapter calls countermarriage regimes. The chapter draws on an unlikely source of legal innovation to expand our thinking about marriage alternatives: literature. Literature offers an array of countermarriage regimes, including exploding marriage, three-strikes marriage, line marriage, renewable marriage, and exculpatory marriage. In addition to opening our minds to countermarriage possibilities, the chapter shows some overlooked synergies between law and literature.

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32

Stagg, Robert. Shakespeare's Blank Verse. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863270.001.0001.

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Abstract Shakespeare’s Blank Verse: An Alternative History is a study of both Shakespeare’s versification and its place in the history of early modern blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter). It ranges from the continental precursors of English blank verse in the early sixteenth century through the drama and poetry of Shakespeare’s contemporaries to the editing of blank verse in the eighteenth century and beyond. Alternative in its argumentation as well as its arguments, Shakespeare’s Blank Verse tries out fresh ways of thinking about meter—by shunning doctrinaire, almost mathematical ways of apprehending a writer’s versification, and by reconnecting meter to the fundamental literary, dramatic, and social questions that animate Shakespeare’s drama.

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33

North, Peter, and Molly Scott Cato, eds. Towards Just and Sustainable Economies. Bristol University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46692/9781447327257.

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Academics from a range of disciplines and from a number of European and Latin American countries come together to question what it means to have a 'sustainable society' and to ask what role alternative social and solidarity economies can play.

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34

Biological opinion for the preferred alternative (alternative 9) of the supplemental environmental impact statemnt on management of habitat for late successional and old growth forest related species on federal lands with the range of the Northern spotted owl. Portland, Or: Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Dept. of the Interior, 1994.

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35

Knapp, Robert E. Mathematics is About the World: How Ayn Rand's Theory of Concepts Unlocks the False Alternatives Between Plato's Mathematical Universe and Hilbert's Game of Symbols. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014.

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36

Patton, Raymond A. Subcultural Capital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872359.003.0004.

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This chapter shows punk’s explosive reaction with (and against) the globalizing music industries of the East and West using the concept of “subcultural capital”—which punk bands needed to maintain their alternative credibility with punks, but which could be exchanged for record contracts in the right situation. It examines the different responses to this dilemma among punk scenes in the West (London and New York), and two distinct types of punk scenes in communist Eastern Europe (those of states that divided bands into categories of “professional” and “amateur” and those of states that did not). Strategies ranged from attempting to cordon off a sphere of alternative culture untouched by the market to setting the market against itself. Each strategy gave its corresponding scene a distinct local inflection.

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37

Nyman, Jonna. Contesting Energy Security in China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 challenges common sense energy security practices in China. It looks at power in the energy security system, to try to understand how and why the common sense has emerged, while exploring who resists, and how. It begins by examining who has power to frame the narrative, discussing vested interests and the ways in which they push the debate in particular directions. It then surveys ‘alternative’ visions of energy security, highlighting the range of actors that contest the common sense—including official and elite actors as well as non-state interest groups, and what different interpretations of energy security they forward. As part of this, it explores how these different actors contest the common sense, and what alternative visions of energy security they forward.

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38

Groves, Jason. The Geological Unconscious. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288106.001.0001.

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Already in the nineteenth century, German-language writers were contending with the challenge of imagining and accounting for a planet whose volatility bore little resemblance to the images of the Earth then in circulation. In The Geological Unconcious, Jason Groves traces the withdrawal of the lithosphere as a reliable setting, unobtrusive backdrop, and stable point of reference for literature written well before the current climate breakdown, let alone the technologies that could forecast those changes. Through a series of careful readings of romantic, realist, and modernist works by Tieck, Goethe, Stifter, Benjamin, and Brecht, the author traces out a geological unconscious—in other words, unthought and sometimes actively repressed geological knowledge—where it manifests in European literature and environmental thought. This inhuman horizon of reading and interpretation offers a new literary history of the Anthropocene in a period where this novel geological epoch, though arguably already underway, remains unnamed and otherwise unmarked. These close readings also unearth an entanglement of the human and the lithic in periods well before the geological turn of cotemporary cultural studies. In those depictions of human-mineral encounters on which The Geological Unconcious lingers, the minerality of the human and the minerality of the imagination becomes apparent. While The Geological Unconcious does not explicitly set out to imagine alternatives to fossil capitalism, in elaborating a range of such encounters and in registering libidinal investments in the lithosphere that extend beyond Carboniferous deposits and beyond any carbon imaginary, it points toward alternative relations with, and less destructive mobilizations of, the geologic.

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39

Jones, Bradford S. Multilevel Models. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0026.

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This article addresses multilevel models in which units are nested within one another. The focus is primarily two-level models. It also describes cross-unit heterogeneity. Moreover, it assesses the fixed and random effects from the multilevel model. It generally tries to convey the scope of multilevel models but in a very compact way. Multilevel models provide great promise for exploiting information in hierarchical data structures. There are a range of alternatives for such data and it bears repeating that sometimes, simpler-to-apply correctives are best.

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40

Barrat, Jordi, Andrew Ellis, Graeme Orr, Vasil Vashchanka, and Peter Wolf. Special Voting Arrangements: The International IDEA Handbook. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2023.84.

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Special voting arrangements (SVAs) are not new. Initiatives to make elections more inclusive and accessible have existed since the earliest days of recognized democratic elections, and a steadily increasing number of nations employ a range of alternatives to conventional voting. This Handbook seeks to present policy recommendations and good practices to help ensure that SVAs are designed and implemented to ensure electoral integrity. It also seeks to disentangle and dispel some of the myths that develop around SVAs—perhaps unavoidably considering SVAs affect who can vote and how they can vote.

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41

Webley, Lisa, and Harriet Samuels. Complete Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198798064.001.0001.

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Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. Complete Public Law combines clear explanatory text and practical learning features with extracts from a wide range of primary and secondary materials. The book has been structured with the needs of undergraduate courses in mind. Opening with consideration of basic constitutional principles (in which no previous knowledge is assumed), the chapters move on to cover all other essential areas, before closing with consideration of the principles and procedures of judicial review. This edition includes a new chapter on executive accountability through a range of methods including tribunals, inquiries and alternative dispute resolution. The book has now been fully updated to account for the latest developments in constitutional law and politics, including the constitutional pathway to ‘Brexit’.

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42

Michie, Jonathan. The Importance of Ownership. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.1.

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Following the 2007–08 global financial crisis and subsequent years of stagnation in many economies, there remains no consensus alternative to ‘capitalism unleashed’. This chapter considers that alternative. Just as the rise of capitalism led to the co-operative, Marxian, and other critiques, and just as the crisis of the 1930s led to Keynesianism and social democracy across much of Western Europe and a new international order as fashioned at Bretton Woods, so the failure of capitalism unleashed needs to herald a new era of global economic development—sustainable environmentally, economically, and socially. This will require a greater degree of corporate diversity, with a range of corporate forms—private, state, and co-operative and mutual. This is needed to make the productive system more resilient. It would also be a way of tackling the otherwise relentless spiral of ever greater inequality.

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43

Eleveld, Anja, Thomas Kampen, and Josien Arts, eds. Welfare to Work in Contemporary European Welfare States. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340010.001.0001.

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With welfare to work programmes under intense scrutiny, this book reviews a wide range of existing and future policies across Europe. Seventeen contributors provide case studies and legal, sociological and philosophical perspectives from around the continent, building a rich picture of welfare to work policies and their impact. They show how many schemes do not adequately address social rights and lived experiences, and consider alternatives based on theories of non-domination. For anyone interested in the justice of welfare to work, this book is an important step along the path towards more fair and adequate legislation.

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44

Schaffner, Kenneth F. Reduction and Reductionism in Psychiatry. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0059.

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This chapter notes that reduction and reductionism in the sciences and in medicine mean a number of different things, and provides a typology of those different senses, including those of the most relevance to psychiatry. Alternatives to reductionism are discussed, including antireductionism (e.g., irreducibility of the mind to biology) and different forms of emergence. Specific examples of reductionist and emergentist programs tied to a range of psychiatric disorders are presented, including autism, depression, and schizophrenia. These programs are also related to ongoing attempts of psychiatry to secure the validity of disorders by appealing to genetics and neuroscience.

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45

Lauder, Hugh, Phillip Brown, and David Ashton. Theorizing Skill Formation in the Global Economy. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.19.

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Over the past half century a range of theories has been developed to understand the nature of skill, its development and relationship to the economy. These theories have often been competing, with fundamentally different assumptions about the production of skills and their relationship to society. However, recent changes in the nature of economic globalization have raised questions about these theories and their applicability to the present context. In this paper we critically evaluate the dominant skill formation theories and outline an alternative approach that takes into account fundamental changes in the global labour market.

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46

Monro, Alexandre K., and Simon J. Mayo, eds. Cryptic Species. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009070553.

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Cryptic species are organisms which look identical, but which represent distinct evolutionary lineages. They are an emerging trend in organismal biology across all groups, from flatworms, insects, amphibians, primates, to vascular plants. This book critically evaluates the phenomenon of cryptic species and demonstrates how they can play a valuable role in improving our understanding of evolution, in particular of morphological stasis. It also explores how the recognition of cryptic species is intrinsically linked to the so-called 'species problem', the lack of a unifying species concept in biology, and suggests alternative approaches. Bringing together a range of perspectives from practicing taxonomists, the book presents case studies of cryptic species across a range of animal and plant groups. It will be an invaluable text for all biologists interested in species and their delimitation, definition, and purpose, including undergraduate and graduate students and researchers.

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47

Nothaft, C. Philipp E. Calendrical Astronomy in the Twelfth Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799559.003.0004.

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This chapter employs a range of previously untapped sources to paint a detailed picture of how the so-called Renaissance of the Twelfth Century reshaped computistical literature and spawned the first blossoming of a calendar-reform debate in the Latin Christian world. Major points of discussion are the introduction of astronomical tables as instruments for analysing calendrical error, the discovery of the lunar calendars used by Muslims and Jews as potential alternatives to the Church’s own 19-year cycle, and the adoption of a new understanding of the nature of the solar year, in particular the influential theory of the ‘access and recess of the eighth sphere’ and its prediction of a variable tropical year.

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48

Marks, Stephen P. Challenges of Knowledge Creation for Indian Universities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480654.003.0009.

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The role of research in universities in India and elsewhere is inseparable from the aims of research as knowledge creation and from the broader context of knowledge creation in the educational process. The purpose of this chapter is to reflect on the basic purpose of knowledge creation in the university and then examine the responsibilities of the university for promoting knowledge creation in a range of fields of investigation and levels of learning, as well as the ethical standards that apply. The conclusion will address the uncertain future of knowledge creation in the university and the alternative models for change.

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49

Stead, Lisa. Reframing Vivien Leigh. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190906504.001.0001.

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Reframing Vivien Leigh takes a fresh new look at one of the twentieth century’s most iconic stars. Focusing on Vivien Leigh as a distinctly archival subject, the book draws upon original oral history work with curators, archivists, and fan collectives and extensive research within a network of official and unofficial archives around the world to produce alternative stories about her place within film history. The study examines an intriguing variety of historical correspondence, costume, scripts, photography, props, and memorabilia in order to reframe the dominant narratives that have surrounded her life and career. While Leigh’s glamour, collaborations with Laurence Olivier, and mental health form important coordinates for any study of the star, the book foregrounds a range of alternative contexts that emphasize her creative agency, examining her off-screen labor in areas such as theatrical training, adaptation, war work, producing, protesting, and interactions with her fan base. Part I examines a variety of case studies of Leigh’s screen and stage craft as they emerge from the archive, looking at Leigh’s varied collaborations, her investment in faithful adaptations, and her vocal training. It interconnects star studies, feminist film studies, and performance studies to produce a new take on stardom as creative process rather than stardom as image. Part II turns toward unofficial archives and local museum collections, centering the work of the archivist and the amateur collector and their impact on women’s star histories. It explores Leigh’s archival afterlives as they are constructed by a range of agents and institutions beyond the “official” star archive.

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50

Bruner, Christopher M. The Corporation as Technology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197635179.001.0001.

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Recent decades have witnessed environmental, social, and economic upheaval, spawning a host of interconnected crises to which major corporations have contributed. This book examines dynamics of the corporate form and corporate law that incentivize harmful corporate excesses, and advances an alternative vision to render corporate activities more sustainable. The corporate form is widely described by reference to a set of purportedly fixed characteristics that strongly prioritize shareholders’ interests. Bruner, however, argues that such rigid and static depictions fundamentally misconstrue the nature of the entity and reinforce harmful corporate pathologies that include excessive risk-taking, externalization of costs, and insufficient regard for environmental and social impacts. Bruner presents the corporation not as a fixed and rigid set of legal characteristics, but rather as a dynamic legal technology that policymakers can re-calibrate in varying contexts, and over time, in response to a dynamic landscape. On this view, the corporation represents a set of flexible capacities that facilitate differing approaches to the structure and operations of the board, the allocation of governance powers among various stakeholders, and exposure to liability for corporate decision-making. Bruner conceptualizes these flexible capacities as governance levers that policymakers can adjust in various ways, and in differing combinations, to achieve a range of decision-making structures and levels of risk tolerance, toward a range of potential ends. The book explores theoretical and practical ramifications of this alternative vision, focusing on how the corporate form—properly understood—can help secure an environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable future.

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