Дисертації з теми "Altérations structurales"
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Balagué, Claudine. "Sénescence de cellules végétales privées d'auxine : altérations fonctionnelles et structurales : synthèse de protéines spécifiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT013A.
Повний текст джерелаZeghari, Nezha. "Altérations structurales et dynamiques de la membrane de l'hématie humaine au cours de désordres métaboliques." Nancy 1, 1995. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01753545.
Повний текст джерелаPsomiades, Marion. "Altérations cérébrales structurales et fonctionnelles spécifiques des hallucinations auditives résistantes chez les patients atteints de schizophrénie." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1218.
Повний текст джерелаAuditory hallucinations (AH) are present in 70% to 80% of patients with schizophrenia and are resistant to pharmacological treatments in 25% of cases. These symptoms induce significant distress in patients and predict a bad prognosis. In this work we have highlighted cerebral alterations specific to AH in patients suffer from schizophrenia. In a first study, using DTI method, we showed that patients with schizophrenia and AH have an arcuate fasciculus integrity, reflected by the measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA) greater than the one measured in patients with schizophrenia without AH. In a second study, using MRS method, we showed an increase of NAA level measured in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the right hemisphere in patients with schizophrenia and AH compared to the DLPFC in the left hemisphere and compared to patients with schizophrenia and without AH. Moreover, in these two studies we showed an association between AH severity and the arcuate fasciculus integrity in the left hemisphere and an association between AH severity and NAA levels in the right DLPFC. Finally, in our last study, we quantified BDNF levels using ELISA method and showed an association between peripheral BDNF level, a marker of neuronal plasticity, and NAA levels in the right DLPFC, marker of neuronal metabolism, in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. These results show that there is a specific pathophysiology of AH in patients with schizophrenia and highlight the importance of stratifying patients on the basis of their predominant symptoms in future pathophysiological studies of schizophrenia
Flores, Robin de. "Altérations structurales, fonctionnelles et moléculaires des sous-champs hippocampiques et de leurs réseaux dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d’Alzheimer." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1019.
Повний текст джерелаRecent advances in neuroimaging techniques allow to better understand the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are particularly promising for early diagnosis. The objectives of this thesis were to better characterize the structural, functional and molecular alterations of the hippocampal subfields and their associated networks in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging using in vivo multimodal neuroimaging. First, we evaluated the structural hippocampal subfields alterations in normal aging (NA) and AD using a manual delineation method developed in our laboratory. We then evaluated the validity of the automatic segmentation algorithm implemented in FreeSurfer. These analyses showed specific structural changes in NA and AD, while the FreeSurfer method appeared inappropriate to estimate hippocampal subfield volumes. In addition, our work suggests that the practice of physical or cognitive activities have a beneficial effect on hippocampal substructures particularly sensitive to NA. Secondly, we evaluated the specific intrinsic functional connectivity of hippocampal subfields with the rest of the brain, before assessing their alterations in a pre-dementia stage of AD. Our results highlighted the specificity of hippocampal subfield networks and their functional alterations in early AD. In addition, our results showed a hierarchy in the progression of tau pathology within hippocampal subfield networks over the course of AD
Ouardani, Mohammed. "Etude des altérations structurales fonctionnelles et métaboliques de la cellule mésangiale glomérulaire au cours du diabète expérimental insulino-dépendant chez le rat." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30045.
Повний текст джерелаEclache-Saudreau, Virginie. "Analyse des altérations structurales du génome dans la Leucémie Lymphoïde Chronique : apport de l’hybridation génomique comparative sur puces à ADN (CGH –array)." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132047.
Повний текст джерелаB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent leukemia in western countries. Genomic abnormalities detected by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are emerging prognostic indicators important in CLL. These ones are observed in about 80% of CLL patients and have been associated to defined subgroups with different clinical outcomes. In this project, different techniques have been performed aiming at the identification of new genetic abnormalities in CLL. FISH was the most sensitive one, identifying deletion del13q14 in 54% of 314 patients with a restriction to the D13S319 marker. We showed that the del13q deletion was heterogeneous and the clonality of the deletion was highly variable, ranging from 7 to 90 %, monoallelic in most cases but biallelic in 9. 5% and concomitantly mono and bi-allelic in 15% of the cases. We also used Comparative Genomic Hybridization performed on DNA array (CGH-a) that measured differences in DNA copy number between patients and reference genomes. We observed variable sizes of deletion ranging from a Minimal deleted region (BCMS) including microRNAs 15 /16 to a very large region of 60 Mb, including RB1 or protocadherin in the opposite sides. CGH-array allowed to detect a deletion del14q in 3 cases, with a fusion between Immunoglobulin gene and a new partner that we identified as ZFP36L1 a member of the tris tetrapolin family of proteins involved in mRNA decay. The functional role of this new fusion gene in leukemogenesis is currently under study
Berrouet, Florian. "Les altérations d'origine biologique dans l'art pariétal : exemple des relations structurales et conceptuelles entre le mondmilch et les représentations paléolithiques : cas particulier de la grotte de Lascaux et enjeux conservatoires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13969/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of Paleolithic parietal art took a new turn during the last decades, since the scientific community has been confronted with the development of algae, bacteria and fungi that jeopardize some representations among the most famous around the world. The episodes that have been taking place in Lascaux cave (Montignac-sur-Vézère, Dordogne), since its discovery in 1940 and its closure to the public in 1963, made people conscious of the extreme fragility of cave environment, whose equilibrium can be broken by simple variations of environmental and climatic conditions. Biological forms certainly still fascinate people; their implicit links with art is evident since the Prehistoric times and can be found in contemporary art or architecture nowadays. A better understanding of the microorganisms influence (they are the cause of alteration processes) on the state of the paintings, drawings or engravings, or on their evolution in time, makes us understand that it is necessary to consider a painted cave as an ecosystem whose interface between the wall and the atmosphere has to be examined from the points of view of physics, chemistry and microbiology. Among the forms of biological alterations described in the caves, moonmilk is highly common, but the role of bacteria in the setting up and the structural organization of this kind of wall concretion is still little-known. In a diachronic perspective, moonmilk deserves to be put in relation with prehistoric art: at the same time support and potential factor of alteration of the representations, its implications go beyond the esthetical aspect. The dating of parietal art, its role in this art conception by people from the Paleolithic or its function as indicator of a cave health are some of the aspects studied in this work, whose guidelines are the integration and the prevention of the risk of seeing some masterpieces of world heritage disappear little by little
Gaboriau, François. "Etude structurale des altérations photoinduites dans l'ADN par des dérivés monofonctionnels du psoralène." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066731.
Повний текст джерелаDevignes, Quentin. "The dual cognitive syndrome hypothesis in Parkinson’s disease : MRI studies of structural and functional correlates." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS064.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor disorders. However, non-motor symptoms, including cognitive impairment, are also part of the clinical presentation. According to the severity of cognitive impairment, three presentations are usually distinguished in PD: (a) the absence of significant cognitive impairment despite possible symptoms, (b) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and (c) PD dementia. MCI refers to significant cognitive deficits without global cognitive decline nor impact on activities of daily living. This condition is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI), can affect one or several cognitive functions and is heterogenous. According to the dual syndrome hypothesis, PD-MCI can be subdivided into two cognitive subtypes: a frontostriatal one, characterized by attentional and/or executive deficits, and a posterior cortical one, characterized by visuospatial, memory and/or language deficits. The latter has been associated with a higher risk of developing dementia earlier. To date, only few studies have considered the cognitive heterogeneity in PD-MCI and no study defined PD-MCI subtypes based on the dual syndrome hypothesis. Besides, in-vivo biomarkers of these cognitive subtypes are lacking.The main objectives of this thesis were (a) to propose a state-of-the-art on neuroimaging outcomes associated with distinct PD-MCI cognitive subtypes, and (b) to identify structural and functional MRI brain changes associated with the frontostriatal and posterior cortical subtypes.Therefore, we performed a systematic review which showed a gap in the scientific literature given that only ten neuroimaging studies considering PD-MCI subtypes were identified. Thereafter, we conducted two studies to identify structural and resting-state functional MRI modifications in PD-MCI subtypes. We used data from non-demented PD patients (n=114) whose cognitive subtype was determined by their cognitive performance at a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery: (a) patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) (n=41), (b) patients with a frontostriatal subtype (PD-FS) (n=16), (c) patients with a posterior cortical subtype (PD-PC) (n=25) and (d) patients with a mixed subtype (PD-MS) (i.e. combination of frontostriatal and posterior cortical deficits) (n=32). For functional analyses, data from 24 age-matched healthy controls were also used.Our results showed (a) more abundant and more extensive structural alterations in patients with posterior cortical deficits (PD-PC and PD-MS), (b) increased functional connectivity within the basal ganglia in PD-PC patients and (c) decreased functional connectivity in various resting-state networks in patients with frontostriatal deficits (PD-FS and PD-MS). Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the progression of these structural and functional modifications and to determine the predictive potential of these markers regarding the risk of developing dementia
Bamseck, Bamseck Félix de Valois. "Approche phénoméno-structurale des altérations dans les représentations corporelles et identitaires chez des personnes infectées par le VIH." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH021.
Повний текст джерелаOur study aims on the hand at exploring obvious alterations occuring within the image of the body, the body life experiences as well as within the subjective identity of persons living with the HIV, while on the other hand it aims at examining their getting in relation with the personality structure. For this dual purpose, we have opted for an inductive approach, the analysis of which is backed by a phenomeno-structural perspective. The infected adult patients were observed during three years in the Tropical Infections Diseases Service at Chambery Hospital Center. Eight cases whose Rorschach protocol, backed by the drawing test of a person seemed much more illustrative of the studied phenomena were therefore retained and deeply analysed. Concerning body expressions, the results reveal particularly anguishing threats of destruction, intrusive damage of the body, splitting up and feelings of body disintegration, a body image marked by devitalization, impressions of deformity and enormity while the identity soaks in lack of personalization and humanization, in doubts of belonging, in fragility of differenciation and individualization abilities as well as in fluctuation within identification capacities. These manifestations exaserbate among adults whose deep mental prevailing feature is rationality, while they alleviate among those whose personality structure is ruled by sensory values
Amponsah, Prince Ofori. "Etude comparative des structures et des altérations associées aux minéralisations aurifères de la région de Wa-Lawra, NW Ghana." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to perform a detailed structural, mineralization and associated alteration studies of three gold deposits located in northwest Ghana, on the eastern margin of the West African Craton. Thus, the Kunche and Bepkong deposits, located in the Wa-Lawra belt and Julie deposit located in the Julie belt. These three deposits have multiple differences interms of geological, structural, tectonic and geochemical characteristics but gold mineralization in these deposits are all associated with a green schist facies metamorphism. In Julie, the gold mineralization is hosted in granitoids with its composition akin to tonalite-granodiorite-trondhjemite (TTG) where as in the Kunche and Bepkong deposits, the gold mineralization are localized within volcaniclastic sedimentary formations and strongly silicified graphitic schists. The gold mineralization is associated with a network of quartz veins often boudinaged and formed in connection with a shear zones, oriented E-W in the Julie deposit and N to NNW at Kunche and Bepkong deposits. The dominant alteration in the mineralized zone is sericite, quartz, carbonate and sulfides with influences from the host rock. For example, the granitoid is influenced by tourmaline and chlorite in the schists or in themetavolcanic rocks. At Julie, gold is closely associated with pyrite whereas Kunche and Bepkong gold is associated with arsenopyrite. Two generations of gold are distinguished; the first corresponds to the invisible gold associated with primary growth areas in the pyrite crystals in Julie and arsenopyrite in Kunche and Bepkong, and late visible gold inclusions which are frequently found in fracture fillings. In Julie, the mineralizing fluid is rich in CO2, and has low to moderate salinity (NaCl-H2O-CO2 system), trapped in P / T conditions around 220 ° C and <1 kbar; whilst in Bepkong, the mineralizing fluid is associated with quartz are rich in CH4, with a low salinity (CH4-CO2-SO2-H2O system) which indicates that the visible trapping temperatures is around 320°C
Girard, Christian. "Controle structural pétrologique et géochimique des minéralisations uranifères dans le massif de Saint Sylvestre." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10385.
Повний текст джерелаLopes, Rodrigo Winck. "Altérations hydrothermales, minéralisation Cu-Ag et géologie structurale des roches volcaniques de la Mine de Seival, Bassin Néoprotérozoïque de Camaquã, Sud du Brésil." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe volcanogenic rocks of the Seival Mine belong to Hilário Formation from Camaquã Basin, with ages Neoproterozoic. These rocks contain six inactive mines with various prospects of copper-silver. Mineralization are associated with intense structural control in brittle regime. Chemical transformation of hydrothermal alteration associated with paleostress is not very well understood in the region. We propose a characterization of mineral chemistry of the magmatic phases, tardi–magmatic and hydrothermal as well as understand the paleostress and geochemistry of late veins. For this, we realized analyses of mineral chemistry of magmatic and alteration phase. Mineral chemistry coupled with thermodynamic modeling allowed to characterize the alteration as tardi–magmatic. The albitization (650 to 350 °C) occurred in association with chloritization (312 to 120 °C), and with pyrite and chalcopyrite. The lowest temperatures (150 to 50 °C) were related to formation of smectite and interlayered chlorite/smectite, and with chalcocite–covellite, chalcocite–bornite or barite. We perform structural analyzes through kinematic measures and failure/fracture directions. The analysis on faults, fractures and mineralization showed three main stresses occurring in the Seival Mine and Lavras do Sul Mining District: NW–SE compression; NE–SW compression; ENE–SWS distension. The NW–SE paleostress is the main effort related to the dikes and mineralization in both areas
Mestre, Béatrice. "Préparation de molécules conjuguées "oligonucléotide-métalloporphyrine" : influence de modifications structurales sur leur activité nucléasique vis-à-vis de l'ADN simple brin." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30267.
Повний текст джерелаABIVEN, Samuel. "Relations entre caractéristiques des matières organiques apportées, dynamique de leur décomposition et évolution de la stabilité structurale du sol." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de renneS, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008500.
Повний текст джерелаL'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les relations entre les caractéristiques initiales des matières organiques exogènes et leur effet sur la stabilité structurale du sol, propriété physique du sol définissant la résistance de la structure aux contraintes physiques.
Une première partie de cette étude a consisté à établir les relations entre évolution de la stabilité structurale mesurée selon la procédure proposée par Le Bissonnais (1996) et différents agents agrégeants biologiques (polysaccharides extraits à l'eau chaude, longueur d'hyphes, biomasse microbienne) au cours de la décomposition de produits organiques en conditions contrôlées. La stabilité structurale évolue au cours du temps en fonction du test utilisé pour mesurer la stabilité structurale et des produits en cours de décomposition. La concentration en polysaccharides extraits à l'eau chaude est particulièrement corrélée avec la stabilité structurale à l'humectation lente. La longueur des hyphes mycéliens est reliée à la stabilité structurale à l'humectation rapide et à la désagrégation mécanique. Les produits induisant une forte activité biologique de décomposition ont un effet plus important sur la stabilité structurale que les produits se décomposant peu.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous mettons en relation les caractéristiques initiales des produits organiques, les dynamiques de décomposition et les évolutions des facteurs agrégeants et de la stabilité structurale. La qualité des matières organiques apportées sont mesurées par différentes méthodes (analyse proximale Van Soest, Pyrolyse GC/MS, attaque enzymatique, C/N, sucres solubles). A partir de cette description, une expression de la stabilité structurale à l'humectation lente a été proposée à partir de la concentration en lignine Van Soest, hémicellulose + cellulose Van Soest et sucres solubles.
L'évolution de la stabilité structurale est ensuite mesurée au cours de la décomposition des mêmes produits organiques utilisés au laboratoire, cette fois dans les conditions d'un essai au champ pendant 2 années. La hiérarchie entre les produits est respectée entre le laboratoire et le champ, bien que les effets soient moins importants. On observe aussi des arrières effets importants la seconde année d'étude.
Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, nous proposons un modèle de prédiction de la stabilité structurale à l'humectation lente à partir des caractéristiques initiales des produits organiques. Ce modèle prend en compte les facteurs climatiques et la disponibilité de l'azote minéral dans le sol et simule l'effet d'un apport organique sur la stabilité structurale à un pas de temps journalier pour des conditions de plein champ. Il permet de bien décrire les résultats
Bois, Thomas. "Etude du Rôle des Hétérogénéités Structurales et de l'Altération sur la Déstabilisation des Massifs Rocheux par une Approche Couplée de Modélisation Physique et Numérique." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544052.
Повний текст джерелаRocher, Philippe. "Contexte volcanique et structural de l'hydrothermalisme récent dans le massif du Piton des neiges (île de La Réunion) : étude détaillée du cirque de Salazie." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112401.
Повний текст джерелаDetailed geological study of the Salazie cirque, on Reunion Island, with additional information from the Mafate, Cilaos and Marsouins cirques, has resulted in a new interpretation of the volcano-structural evolution of the Piton des Neiges volcano. The construction of the shield volcano, from before 2. 10 to 0. 22 Ma began with the emission of voluminous lava flows of transitional character that progressively gave way to a silica oversaturated alkaline magma (basalt to quartz trachyte). A subsidence cauldron associated with a ring complex was formed in the central part of the volcano at the end of this stage. Between 0. 22 and 0. 15 Ma, extensive erosion of the shield volcano excavated the proto-Salazie and proto Marsouins cirques on the east flank of the volcano, coalescing with the cauldron. By 0. 18 Ma, a new eruptive cycle began the building of the stratovolcano with the eruption of silica undersaturated magma as ignimbrites and lava flows of basanitoid to trachytic composition. About 0. 07 Ma ago, a major extensional tectonic phase occurred, with the emission of silica oversaturated alkaline magma of hawaiitic to comenditic composition, from a shallow magma chamber. The most recent volcanic activity has been peripheral and scattered, with a variety of eruption mechanisms. In particular, two eruptive centers, on the edge of the graben, emitted lava flows and pyroclastic rocks until about 22,000 yrs B. P. . The study of secondary mineral parageneses has shown that, since about 0. 22 Ma, hydrothermal activity has always been closely controlled by tectonic structures. Each stage of cooling of the intrusions associated with the cauldron has been demonstrated, and study of the xenoliths in the ignimbritic breccias shows that concomitant fracturing has constituted a system of drains for hydrothermal fluids. The tectonic structures of the stratovolcano, in particular those related to the graben, have also acted as channelways for the circulation of medium and high temperature hydrothermal fluids. By comparison with active geothermal fields, the present existence of bicarbonate sodium chloride fluids and of acid sulphate fluids provides evidence of a geothermal aquifer
Lourdin, Morgane. "Etudes biochimiques et structurales de la réparation des lésions multiples de l'ADN." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV007/document.
Повний текст джерелаNicaud, Juliette. "Contrôle structural de la mise en place des minéralisations aurifères du District de Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche (Massif Central français) : analyse de la fracturation et étude des altérations hydrothermales." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0025.
Повний текст джерелаNavelot, Vivien. "Caractérisations structurale et pétrophysique d'un système géothermique en contexte volcanique d'arc de subduction : exemple de l’archipel de Guadeloupe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0339/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Vieux-Habitants area gathers indicators allowing to suppose a high-temperature hydrothermal system. The interpretation of geophysical data acquired for the exploration of this system requires the analysis of analogues. Several hydrothermal paleo-systems were studied in order to propose a conceptual model of a geothermal system for the Vieux-Habitants area. Studies of these analogues are based on a multi-scale study of the brittle deformation and a petrophysical characterization of the different volcanic rocks. The organization of fractures indicates the occurrence of a characteristic scale for each level of observation. Volcano-sedimentary units are far less deformed compared to highly fractured lavas. The brittle deformation in volcano-sedimentary deposits is highly localized in fractured corridors. Some fault intersections control major fluid flow at the kilometer scale. Moreover, the most hydrothermalized rocks are localized in the vicinity of these intersections. Volcanic rocks are divided according to their mechanism of formation (lava, debris flow…) and their degree of alteration. They exhibit strong heterogeneities of petrophysical properties. Fresh rocks are separated in two distinct groups, on one side lavas and on the other side debris flows and pyroclastic deposits. Hydrothermal alteration produces mineralogical replacements involving a complete reorganization of both the matrix skeleton and the pore network. It is marked by a removal of magnetic signal, an increase of porosity and permeability in lavas and a decrease of these properties in debris flows and pyroclastic deposits. Therefore, hydrothermalized rocks form a group with intermediate reservoir properties between the two groups of fresh rocks. The reservoir model combines both structural components and lithological heterogeneities that allow an efficient fluid transfer, whereas the matrix properties of primary and secondary origins will rather control the fluid and heat storage properties
Miningou, Mariette. "Genèse des indices polymétallifères des formations néoprotérozoïques (1000 – 543 Ma) dans la région du Béli (Nord du Burkina Faso) : contrôle structural, nature des fluides, rôle de la silice." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30068.
Повний текст джерелаAs in Taoudeni and Volta basins sedimentary formations, whose in the Beli region include a triad (tillite-limestone-chert) and a molassic formation. These stratigraphic markers have permitted the vertical subdivision of these western african basins sedimentary set in three supergroups. The triad overlay quartzitic sandstone and is overlaid with shale and dolomite. As in the carbonated formations, some rocks of the cherty complex contain stromatolites, as well as micro-organisms. In the Beli region all four pan-african orogeny tectonic episods are recognized except the second one. Their features permit to distinguish two structural units. The structural unit of the North-Beli (allochthonous), characterized by a ductile type distortion and an anchimetamorphism, is carried along the structural unit of the South-Beli (para-autochthonous). This one is marked by a dominant brittle distortion, it is non metamorphic and overlaps the birimian basement. The network of fractures in the Beli region favored fluids circulation of varied temperatures and various origins (meteoric, marine, brackish, epithermal). These fluids are responsible of the abundant silica expressions presence, that put in place in at least two phases. The hydrothermal fluids, by leaching of cherty and slaty formations, and probably of birimian basement, led to many metals deposit, preferentially as sulphides, in cherty brecciated zones. These include essential of the ferruginous outcrops of which most have been recognized as being gossans
Riegler, Thomas. "Système d'altération et minéralisation en uranium le long du faisceau structural Kiggavik-Andrew Lake (Nunavut, Canada) : modèle génétique et guides d'exploration." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2313/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work presents a multi-scale study of the relationships between alteration and uranium mineralization along the South Eastern margin of the Meso-Proterozoic Thelon Basin, Nunavut, Canada. The ore associated alterations are hosted in an Archean volcano-sedimentary sequence belonging to the Woodburn Lake Group (WLG). Their main expression is a mineral assemblage composed of dominant illite (1Mcis & 1Mtrans polytypes) together with sudoite ± hematite and aluminum phosphate sulfate minerals. Moreover carbonaceous materials cogenetic with the uranium mineralization have been identified as potential indicators of the hydrothermal conditions. At a regional scale, alteration is strongly controlled via East-West faults forming the main frame of the Kiggavik-Andrew Lake structural trend. Then from the regional to the mineral scale, alterations signatures at Kiggavik are similar to the ones described in deep basement rocks of unconformity type uranium deposits in both Athabasca (Canada) and Kombolgie (Australia) Paleoproterozoic basins. In addition mineralogical markers studies (APS minerals) lead to the distinction between hydrothermal and diagenetic processes as well as elemental transfers during fluid rock interaction. Finally, detailed studies on radiation induced defects on illite revealed new ways to tracing and better understanding the radio elements mobility in such deep seated natural systems
Admou, Safouane. "Etude structurale et gîtologique du gisement de sulfures massifs à métaux de base de Hajjar : contribution à l'histoire tectono-métamorphique des Guemassa orientales, Maroc." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2037/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe massive sulphide deposits hosted in the Moroccan Hercynian massifs of Jebilets and Guemassa are Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (SMV), deformed and metamorphosed. However, an assessment of the contribution of this deformation to their current structure and the eventual impact on the economy and in terms of exploration is missing. Therefore, this contribution aims mainly to define the structural context of these mineralizations, in order to deduce a structural model relating to Hajjar's VMS.The VMS of Hajjar, belonging to the domain of Guemassa (Western Meseta). It is hosted in volcanosedimentary terrain composed of pelites, sandstones and lentils and limestone bars intruded by felic and basic sills and dykes. The main volcanic bodies correspond to the rhyolitic plugs.The Hajjar deposit is composed of 3 mineralized bodies: main body (CP); north-eastern body (CNE); western body (CWD) and extreme western body(CEWD.). The Hajjar deposit is affected by a single XY plane of subvertical flattening of directions N0 to N45. The host rock and sulphide bodies have the same silicate metamorphic assemblages, which exhibit either a "static" granoblastic texture when the strain is low or pre to syn-tectonic features when the foliation is strongly expressed. The texture shapes, and aggregates of the biotite and andalousite (± suspected cordierite) are typical of HT/LP “contact” metamorphism in the hornfels facies. The syn-tectonic assemblage is composed of quartz + chlorite + white micas (± calcite) and partially replaced the former biotite and andalousite blasts. The data from the N’Fis block show the occurrence of a single sub-vertical XY plane oriented N130. The biotites of contact metamorphism are elongated parallel to the foliation. These data imply that the Hajjar MSD and the N’Fis block are affected by a single foliation which encompasses a HT/LP contact metamorphism. The significant inflexion of foliation from Imarine outcrops to Hajjar VMS is due to major right-lateral ENE-trending transpressive shear zone at Hajjar. Near the Hajjar mine, such a regional shear zone is recognized for the first time, and is a structural key feature of the Hajjar district.The mineralization of Hajjar is strongly deformed and metamorphosed. It is affected by folding, foliation and mylonitic bands within a regional scale shear zone. Structures such as pyrrhotite-rich ribbons clearly pre-date the deformation and the HT/LP contact metamorphism. The early stage is characterized by the precipitation of pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena, whereas the synkinematic stage constitutes major concentrator event characterized by the dissolution and recrystallization of early paragenesis with enrichment in Zn, Cu. The late post-kinematic stage is responsible for the neoformation of sulphides, namely chalcopyrite, pyrite and some traces of sphalerite.We have demonstrated a tectonic thickening within the fold hinge zone. pre-syntectonic metamorphism favors ductile behavior and sulfide recrystallization (Po, Cpy, and Sph). The polymetallic veins argue for hydrothermal fluid-assisted remobilization during deformation. All of our studies lead to the proposal of a 3D tectono-metamorphic model for the VMS of Guemassa and proposals to search extensions of the mineralization
Lopes, Rodrigo Winck. "Alterações hidrotermais, mineralizações de Cu-Ag e geologia estrutural das rochas vulcanogênicas da mina do Seival, Bacia neoproterozoica do Camaquã, sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/186028.
Повний текст джерелаAs rochas vulcanogênicas da Mina do Seival pertencem à Formação Hilário da Bacia do Camaquã, de idade Neoproterozoica. Esta área possui seis minas inativas e diversas zonas com prospectos de cobre e prata. As mineralizações foram associadas ao controle estrutural em regime rúptil. O entendimento das transformações químicas relacionadas ao hidrotermalismo e associadas ao paleostresse é pouco conhecida na região. O estudo apresentado foi baseado na obtenção de medidas estruturais para entender os esforços e sua cinemática na região, associadas às transformações químicas dos minerais das fases magmática e hidrotermal de alta e baixa temperaturas. Fraturas e mineralizações tem uma direção principal N40–60°E/70–88°NW associadas a veios de calcita. As estruturas profundas de direção NW-SE e NE-SW foram relacionadas aos filões vulcânicos, a circulação de fluidos e as mineralizações associadas. Uma modelagem termodinâmica utilizando diferentes fases minerais (magmática e hidrotermal) permitiu estimar as altas (tardi–magmática) e baixas (alteração hidrotermal) temperaturas. A albitização (650 a 250°C) ocorreu associada à cloritização (312 a 120°C). A desestabilização dos sulfetos primários (pirita e calcopirita) em sulfetos ricos em cobre (bornita–calcocita) foi associada aos interestratificados de clorita/esmectita com temperaturas em torno de ~250 a 50°C. Esses interestratificados de clorita/esmectita indica zonas ricas em cobre. Os eventos posteriores (<150°C) frequentemente associados à precipitação de barita foram estudados através da química mineral e concentrações de Elementos Terras Raras. Este estudo mostrou que a fonte de bário está relacionada ao processo de albitização e posterior desestabilização de sulfetos durante a circulação de água meteórica.
Coltat, Rémi. "Interactions fluides-roches-déformation durant l’exhumation mantellique dans les marges hyper-étendues, la nappe de Platta, Alpes suisses." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B020.
Повний текст джерелаFluid-rock interactions are widespread processes on earth including divergent settings from hyper-extended margins to oceanic ridges. There, mantle rocks are exhumedto the seafloor thanks to detachment faults. In the same time, the inception of mafic magmatism occurs during asthenosphere partial melting. Coupling between activemagmatic and tectonic processes triggers hydrothermal circulation in exhuming mantle rocks. This leads to several alterations like: i) the serpentinization of mantle rocks, ii) theformation of Cu-Zn-Fe-Co-Au-Ag-rich hydrothermal mineralized systems and iii) the carbonation of mantle rocks. Mineralization represents critical resources for our technological and societal needs. Hence, studies dealing with ore-forming processes applied to oceanic hydrothermal systems are essential to unravel where and how mineralization forms. However, in present-day oceanic domains, the study of these systems is limited by the bad observation conditions at the seafloor. Hence, one way tofully understand these systems is to turn on fossil analogs preserved on-land. We adopted this strategy here and focused on a Tethyan ophiolite preserved in the Platta nappe where subsequent Alpine metamorphism and deformation had minor effect on oceanic geometries. Sulfide mineralization somewhat similar to this formed in oceanic settings occurred where the magmatic buget was high enough to trigger hydrothermal circulation. The mineralization displays peculiarities (presence of Fe-Ca-silicates, association with mafic intrusions) indicating it corresponds to the root zone of present-day mineralized systems.Geochemical signatures of the mineralization (Co/Ni ratio decrease, Se contentincrease) suggests it formed from hydrothermal fluid mixing with seawater. Subsequently, mantle rocks and basalts recorded a carbonation event under hydrothermal temperatures at about 90-130°C. Syn-tectonic carbonation was the result of serpentinized-derived fluids mixing with seawater at the serpentinite-basalt interface. These alterations reported in mantle rocks from the Platta nappe are the legacy of the diversity of fluid-rock interactions in hyper-extended margins
Laniepce, Alice. "Modifications du sommeil associées à la consommation chronique et excessive d'alcool : liens avec les altérations cérébrales structurales et les troubles cognitifs Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examinations of self‐reported sleep quality in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff's syndrome Sleep architecture and episodic memory performance in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff syndrome The effect of alcohol withdrawal severity on sleep, brain and cognition Dissociating thalamic alterations in alcohol use disorder defines specificity of Korsakoff's syndrome Cerebellar hypermetabolism in alcohol use disorder: compensatory mechanism or maladaptive plasticity ? Alcohol use disorder : permanent and transient effects on the brain and neuropsychological functions Effects of sleep and age on prospective memory consolidation Troubles cognitifs dans l'alcoolodépendance Repérage des troubles cognitifs liés à l’alcool." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC039.
Повний текст джерелаWell before the development of severe alcohol-related neurological complications such as Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) exhibit variable brain damage and cognitive deficits, as well as sleep disturbances. Although it is well established that sleep contributes to brain and cognitive functioning, its involvement in brain damage and cognitive deficits in AUD remains poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to investigate subjective and objective sleep quality in AUD and KS patients, and its relationships with brain structure and function. Our results show that sleep complaint must be interpreted with regard to the severity of brain alterations and cognitive impairments in AUD and KS patients. Moreover, we showed a high prevalence of sleep apnea in these patients. REM sleep abnormalities are specifically observed in KS patients and related to the severity of memory deficits. Regarding AUD patients, we highlight the contribution of the severity of withdrawal syndrome in slow wave sleep decrease, and its effects on brain and cognitive functioning. Hence, similarities and differences of sleep architecture have been found in the two clinical forms (AUD and KS). These sleep modifications could depend on the severity of alcohol withdrawal and be involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol-related structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. These results encourage evaluating and managing both alcohol withdrawal and sleep modifications to improve patients’ prognosis at discharge from Addiction department
Ayt, Ougougdal Mohamed. "Contrôles magmatiques, structuraux et hydrothermaux de la formation des épisyénites de la marche occidentale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_AYT_OUGOUGDAL_M.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHarmouchi, Mohamed. "Étude des transitions de formes A-B et B-C dans les ADN en fibres et effets de tensions mécaniques : Diffraction des RX et microscopie optique." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10178.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Melo Abinadabe Jackson. "Molecular basis for the structural role of human DNA ligase IV." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4040.
Повний текст джерелаFailure to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) may have deleterious consequences inducing genomic instability and even cell death. In most mammalian cells, Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) is a prominent DSB repair pathway. DNA ligase IV (LigIV) is unique in its ability to promote classical NHEJ. It associates with two structurally related proteins called XRCC4 and XLF (aka Cernunnos). LigIV directly interacts with XRCC4 forming a stable complex while the XLF interaction with this complex is mediated by XRCC4. XLF strongly stimulates the ligation activity of the LigIV/XRCC4 complex by an unknown mechanism. Recently, a structural noncatalytic role of LigIV has been uncovered (Cottarel et al., 2013). Here, we have reconstituted the end joining ligation step using recombinant proteins produced in bacteria to explore not only the molecular basis for the structural role of LigIV, but also to understand the mechanism by which XLF stimulates the ligation complex, and how these three proteins work together during NHEJ. Our biochemical analysis suggests that XLF, through interactions with LigIV/XRCC4 complex, could induce a conformational change in LigIV. Rearrangement of the LigIV would expose its DNA binding interface that is able to bridge two independent DNA molecules. This bridging ability is fully independent of LigIV’s catalytic activity. We have mutated this interface in order to attempt to disrupt the newly identified DNA bridging ability. In vitro analysis of this LigIV mutant will be presented as well as a preliminary in vivo analysis
Valois, Rémi. "Caractérisation structurale de morphologies karstiques superficielles et suivi temporel de l'infiltration à l'aide des méthodes électriques et sismiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659289.
Повний текст джерелаRieux, Charlotte. "Etude des ADN glycosylases de la superfamille structurale Fpg/Nei par modélisation moléculaire, de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques potentielles dans les stratégies anti-cancer." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe DNA, genetic information support, is frequently damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous (cell metabolism) and exogenous (UV, ionizing radiations, chemicals) factors whose effects are genotoxic. These deleterious DNA structural alterations are removed by many DNA repair mechanisms. Among them, the base excision repair (BER) is initiated by DNA glycosylases which recognize and remove damaged bases. In some anti-cancer strategies, the use of chemo- and radiotherapy is aimed to cancerous cells destruction by altering their DNA. In that specific context, DNA glycosylases repair the DNA of treated cells and induce unwanted resistance to treatments, making these enzymes interesting therapeutic targets. The purpose of this work is to deepen the repair mechanism knowledge of Fpg/Nei structural superfamily of DNA glycosylases using molecular modeling and designing inhibitors of these enzymes. Molecular dynamic simulations allowed us to study the « Lesion Capping Loop » (LCL) and to associate its role to substrate stabilization in the enzyme active site. We also studied some possible excision’s product release pathways and LCL implication in this phenomena by targeted molecular dynamic simulations (TMD-1). Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations coupled to a blind molecular docking protocol allowed us to identify 2 possible main binding sites of potential inhibitiors. One of these binding sites corresponding to the hNEIL1 active site has been the object of a virtual screening of the Greenpharma database. This allowed us to identify potential inhibitors whom effects will be soon tested in vitro on the humain protein hNEIL1
Le, Bihan Yann-Vaï. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la reconnaissance et de la métabolisation de lésions puriques et pyrimidiques dans l'ADN par la Formamidopyrimidine-ADN glycosylase." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2004/document.
Повний текст джерелаOxidations on nucleic bases constitute one of the major sources of DNA lesions appearance, which can be mutagenic or lethal for cells in the absence of DNA repair. The prokaryotic Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), a base excision DNA repair (BER) enzyme, initiate the repair of a wide range of such lesions via its DNA glycosylase (excision of the oxidized base) and AP lyase (cleavage of the AP site by ß,d-elimination) activities. We carried out functional studies by biochemical techniques and structural studies by X-ray crystallography so as to state Fpg’s substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. Thus, we have been able to underline the structural determinants enabling this enzyme to accommodate lesions of very different sizes in its active site, in this case 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) residues N7-substituted or not by bulky adducts. On the other hand, we structurally and functionally characterized the recognition and excision by Fpg of a pyrimidic lesion, the 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hydantoin (Hyd). Thus, we have shown that this lesion paired with a cytosine was a good substrate for the enzyme, and stated structurally the recognition mode of Hyd by Fpg. On the other hand, we have underlined an unexpected behaviour of the enzyme on this substrate. In this case, we have biochemically and structurally shown that a covalent link was formed in sizeable quantities between Fpg and Hyd in physiological conditions
Shinde, Jayendra. "Mutational signatures reveal the dynamic interplay of risk factors and cellular process during liver tumorigenesis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC324/document.
Повний текст джерелаCancer is a disease of the genome. A normal cell goes rogue and is transformed into a cancerous cell due to acquired somatic mutations in its genome. The catalogue of these somatic mutations observed in the cancer genome is the outcome of multiple mutational processes that have been operative over the lifetime of a patient. These mutational processes that have occurred throughout the development of cancer may be infidelity of the DNA replication machinery, impaired DNA repair system, enzymatic modifications of DNA, or exposures to exogenous or endogenous mutagens. Each mutational process leaves a characteristic pattern – a “mutational signature” on the cancer genome. Various genomic features related to genome architecture, including DNA replication and transcription, modulate these mutational processes. During my PhD, I analyzed whole exome and whole genome sequencing data from liver tumors to understand the mutational processes remodeling these tumor genomes, their interaction with risk factors, cellular processes, and driver genes, and their evolution along the tumor histories. For that aim, I used existing statistical methods and I developed innovative computational tools to:- extract mutational and structural variant signatures from next-generation sequencing data- identify risk factors or genetic alterations underlying each process- predict the mutational process at the origin of each somatic mutation- explore correlations between mutation rates and cellular processes like replication and transcription- reconstruct the clonal history of a tumor and the timing of mutational processes and copy-number changes These innovative analytical strategies allowed me to identify 10 mutational signatures: 5 ubiquitous signatures operative in every liver cancer but modulated by risk factors (gender, alcohol, tobacco), and 5 sporadic signatures operative in <5% of HCC and associated with specific known (aflatoxin B1, aristolochic acid) or unknown mutational processes. I also identified 6 structural variant signatures, including striking duplicator or deletor phenotypes in rare tumors. Each mutational process showed a different relationship with replication and transcription. Signatures of bulky DNA adducts (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aflatoxin B1, aristolochic acid) strongly decreased in highly expressed genes due to transcription-coupled repair, whereas the alcohol-related signature 16 displayed a unique feature of transcription-coupled damage. A striking positive correlation between indel rate and gene expression was observed, leading to recurrent mutations in very highly expressed tissue-specific genes. Finally, reconstructing the clonal history of HCC revealed the evolution of mutational processes along tumor development and identified synchronous chromosome duplications as late events probably leading to fast tumor growth and clinical detection of the tumor. Together, these findings shed new light on the mechanisms generating DNA alterations along the natural history of liver cancers
Henry, Philippe. "Dénudation précoce d'une chaîne et croissance crustale : géochimie isotopique de la molasse tertiaire péri-alpine." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848037.
Повний текст джерелаQuesnel, Florence. "Cartographie numérique en géologie de surface : application aux altérites à silex de l'ouest du Bassin de Paris." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739116.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Kwatli Mohamad Amer. "Evolution volcano-tectonique du nord de la plaque arabique (la syrie) : cadre géodynamique, chronologie K-Ar, caractères géochimiques et éléments de cartographie (SIG et télédétection)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112079.
Повний текст джерелаThe Cainozoic volcanic activity in the Arabian plate offers an excellent opportunity to study the intra-plate volcanism related to a complex tectonic setting. After the emplacement of the Yemeni-Ethiopian continental flood basalt plateau, ~ 31 Ma, since the Late Oligocene, widespread volcanic activity has erupted, accompanying the separation of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (development of Red Sea rifting) and the convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates (building of the Bitlis-Zagros thrust belts). In the northern part of the Arabian platform, the Syrian volcanism has taken place in a general compressional context, surrounding the Palmyride fold belt and adjacent to other deformation zones (e.g. the Euphrates graben and Dead Sea fault system). This thesis focuses on the volcano-tectonic evolution of the northern part of the Arabia plate, particularly in Syria, and essentially combines geochronological, geochemical, and morpho-structural studies, in addition to supplementary geophysical models. Our morpho-structural analyses of the Harrat Ash Shaam volcanic province (HASV) to the south of Palmyride, digitally characterise more than 800 monogenic volcanic cones placed in Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. These new data, together with the availability of sediment thickness data, give rise to a new volcano-tectonic approach. This study shows that the consistent negative correlation between the intensity of volcanism and basement depth is influenced by the tectonic setting. The normative analysis of the distribution of volcanic cones in relation to sediment thicknesses is critical when comparing the extension of tectonics in different zones. Remote sensing imagery, field work and our > 40 new K-Ar ages dataset ranging from ~0.05 million years (Ma) to ~18 Ma allow us to precise the Syria volcano-tectonic evolution through time. Regarding the youngest lava flows of HASV, the integration of the results makes it possible to suggest a chronological model for the alteration processes in relation to Quaternary palaeoclimatic changes. We reconstruct the volcano-tectonic evolution in Syria during the Cainozoic, and suggest different extension styles to explain the volcanism. It started during the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene, between ~26 Ma and ~16 Ma to the South of Palmyride at HASV in an extensional tectonic context. From the Miocene to the Quaternary, between ~19 Ma and ~0.08 Ma, the volcanism developed to the North under second order extension tectonic conditions. Since the Mid-Miocene, the compression has increased and the magma erupted in relation with a possible counter-clockwise rotation tectonic relative motion. South of Palmyride it corresponds to the widespread eruptive phase during the last 13 Ma. To the North, this phase, linked to rotational tectonics appears concentrated in superficies and time; it corresponds to the Homs plateau, NW Palmyride, between 6.3 and 4.3 Ma. We suggest a new volcano-tectonic evolution model for the HASV. It highlights the essential role of lithosphere heterogeneity beneath Lebanon, in particular the anti Lebanon Mountains and Palmyride thrust belts, in triggering the Mid-Miocene volcanism. Our geophysical models estimate mean lithosphere – asthenosphere boundaries at about 150 km depth. According to geochemical data, the zone of shallowest depth ~110 km, W of HASV, could be the result of a thermal anomaly, instead of an asthenospheric upwelling. Geochemically, the Cainozoic Syrian lavas are alkaline and subalkaline rocks, typical of magma emitted in continental intraplate contexts. They are basanites and tephrites, basalts, basaltic andesites, basaltic trachyandesites, and trachybasalts. Thirty samples from different Syrian volcanic provinces show significant variation in terms of incompatible trace element signatures. Crustal contamination plays a negligible role in the process of magma genesis, as does crystal fractionation, essentially restricted to olivine and clinopyroxene. Our results show that the Syrian lava has been generated by variable rates of partial melting from different levels of a locally heterogeneous lithospheric mantle. The LREE/MREE ratio not only illustrates how the degree of partial melting was changed spatially and temporally during the last ~18 Ma, but it also illustrates how the degree and style of extension tectonics changed through time