Статті в журналах: "Alloys of iron and aluminum"

1

Sheshukov, O. Yu, and V. V. Kataev. "Influence of titanium and zirconium on structure and heat-resistance of low-carbon iron-aluminium alloys." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 9 (October 9, 2021): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-9-685-692.

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The paper considers the effect of introducing ferroalloys containing titanium and zirconium on the structure and heat-resistance of low-carbon ferroalloys. Theoretically and experimentally, it has been proven that addition of 1.0 mass. % of titanium and 0.1 mass. % of zirconium to a low-carbon iron-aluminum melt containing 12 – 14 mass. % of aluminum, grinds its structure increasing temporary resistance and heat-melting. Titanium and zirconium are strong carbide-forming elements. When introduced into a low-carbon iron-aluminium alloy, they form a large number of crystallization centers, thus affecting its microstructure, allowing to get shredded and more equal grain compared to an alloy without additive. This in turn increases the strength limit of processed alloy. In addition, the use of titanium as a modifying additive in a low-carbon ferroalloy allows increasing its heatresistance, which exceeds several times the heat-resistance of famous chrome-nickel steel of 20Kh23N18 grade. As a result, a new technology for obtaining titanium and zirconium was developed based on research of the effect of their modifying additives on the structure and heat-resistance of low-carbon iron-aluminum alloys.

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2

Wang, Chong Bi, Xiao Dong Kong, and Zhi Qiang Tian. "Evaluation of the Protection Effect on Copper with Different Sacrificial Anodes." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.579.

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Sacrificial anodes performance of three iron alloys was measured by constant current test, The protection effects of iron alloys, zinc alloy and aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes on copper tube were compared and analysed by polarization test. The results show that all three iron alloys appearing well sacrificial anodes performance, with steady working potential, high practical electric capacity and current efficiency, the corrosion is uniform and the corrosion products fall easily. Iron alloys are more suitable for application on the cathodic protection of copper tube due to their more suitable driving voltage and coulpling current compared with zinc alloy and aluminum alloy.

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3

Shcheretskyi, O. A., A. M. Verkhovliuk, and D. S. Kanibolotsky. "Thermodynamic analysis of aluminium-based sacrificial anode alloys phase composition." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 101, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2022.01.003.

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Literature review on magnesium, zinc and aluminum-based sacrificial anode alloys chemical and phase compositions have been performed. Technological phase diagrams of aluminum-based sacrificial anode alloys with different content of harmful additives, such as iron, silicon and copper, have been calculated and constructed. It is determined that the harmful effect of iron is in faster dissolution of the anode due to large inclusions of iron intermetallic. This iron negative effect can be eliminated in several ways: a) maximization of the melt cooling rate, which will lead to significant grinding of the intermetallics and thus reduce their negative impact; b) high-temperature homogenization of the alloy with subsequent rapid cooling, which will reduce the size of the iron intermetallic inclusions; c) doping the alloy with additional manganese to bind iron in ternary compound, which has a different shape and size than the binary intermetallic and has less negative effect on the sacrificial anode alloy. To eliminate the negative effects of silicon, the alloy has to be additionally doped with magnesium in an amount that will ensure the silicon complete binding. In this case, the phase composition of the alloy will correspond the AP4 alloy (% wt.%: (4.0-6.0) Zn), (0.5-1.0) Mg, (0.05-1.00) Sn , ˂ 0.10 Si, ˂ 0.10 Fe, ˂ 0.01 Cu). Long-term heat treatment of the alloy at a temperature of 120 ° C is proposed to reduce the copper harmful effect on the aluminum-based sacrificial anode alloys. Almost all copper can pass from the solid aluminum solution into the Al2Cu compound during this processing. Keywords: sacrificial anode alloys, aluminum alloys, impurities, technological phase diagrams.

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4

KAMEYAMA, Tetsuya, Akihiro MOTOE, and Kinjiro FUJII. "Carbothermical Preparation of Aluminum-Iron Alloys." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 95, no. 1100 (1987): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.95.1100_453.

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5

Prescott, R., and M. J. Graham. "The oxidation of iron-aluminum alloys." Oxidation of Metals 38, no. 1-2 (August 1992): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00665045.

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6

Mounika, G. "Closed Loop Reactive Power Compensation on a Single-Phase Transmission Line." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35489.

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Zinc-aluminium alloys are alloys whose main ingredients stay zinc and aluminium. Other alloying elements clasp magnesium and copper .Zinc Aluminum Alloys over the past decayed are occupying attention of both researches and industries as a promising material for tribological applications. At this moment commercially available Zinc-Aluminium alloys and bearing bronzes due to good cost ability and unique combination of properties. They can also be deliberated as competing material for cast iron, plastics and even for steels. It has been shown that the addition of alloying elements including copper, silicon, magnesium, manganese and nickel can improve the mechanical and tribological properties of zinc aluminum alloys. This alloy has still found limited applications encompassing high stress conditions due to its lower creep resistance, compared to traditional aluminum alloys and other structural materials. This has resulted in major loss of market potential for those alloy otherwise it is excellent material. The aim of this paper is to measure the coefficient of friction and wear under different operating conditions for material with silicon content. Then wear equation will be found out for all the materials experimented under various conditions. In this paper there is discussion of the effect of Silicon on tribological properties of aluminium based Zinc alloy by experiment as well as Ansys software based and compares the same.

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7

Kuchariková, Lenka, Tatiana Liptáková, Eva Tillová, Daniel Kajánek, and Eva Schmidová. "Role of Chemical Composition in Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys." Metals 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080581.

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Aluminum alloys are the most important part of all shaped castings manufactured, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries. This work focuses on the corrosion properties of the heat-hardening aluminum alloys commonly used for production of automotive castings AlSi7Mg0.3 and on self-hardening AlZn10Si8Mg. Iron is a common impurity in aluminum cast alloy and its content increases by using secondary aluminum alloys. Therefore, experimental materials were developed, with chemical composition according to standards (primary alloys) and in states with an increasing content of Fe. The experimental aluminum alloys are briefly discussed in terms of their chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. Corrosion properties were examined using three types of corrosion tests: exposure test, potentiodynamic tests, and Audi tests. Corrosion characteristics of materials were evaluated using stereo, optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, too. Correlation of pit initiation sites with microstructural features revealed the critical role of iron-rich phases, silicon particles and corresponding alloy matrix.

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8

Fraś, E., M. Górny, and W. Kapturkiewicz. "Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings: Technological Aspects." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0005.

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Abstract The paper discusses the reasons for the current trend of substituting ductile iron castings by aluminum alloys castings. However, it has been shown that ductile iron is superior to aluminum alloys in many applications. In particular it has been demonstrated that is possible to produce thin wall wheel rim made of ductile iron without the development of chills, cold laps or misruns. In addition it has been shown that thin wall wheel rim made of ductile iron can have the same weight, and better mechanical properties, than their substitutes made of aluminum alloys.

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9

Gebhardt, Christian, Johannes Nellessen, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, and Christoph Broeckmann. "Influence of Aluminum on Fatigue Strength of Solution-Strengthened Nodular Cast Iron." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020311.

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The fatigue strength of high silicon-alloyed nodular cast iron is influenced by casting defects and graphite precipitates. The literature as well as the findings of this work show that these microstructural constituents can be tailored by controlling silicon microsegregation. In addition, segregations also affect the ferritic matrix microstructure locally. In the present work, silicon segregations in high silicon-alloyed ductile iron are specifically manipulated by small additions of aluminum. It was demonstrated how the aluminum content affects a wide range of microstructural constituents across a variety of length scales. Specimens from alloys with small additions of aluminum were fabricated and tested by rotating bending. Results show that the fatigue strength can be increased compared to a reference alloy with no aluminum. Microstructure analysis as well as fractography were performed concluding that microstructural changes could be attributed to the increased aluminum content, which allows the fatigue properties to be tailored deliberately. However, according to the results of this study, the negative effect of aluminum on castability and graphite morphology limits the maximum content to approximately 0.2 wt.%.

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10

Shivakumar, S. P., A. S. Sharan, and K. Sadashivappa. "Experimental Investigations on Vibration Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Iron Oxide Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.122.

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Aluminium matrix composites offer improved damping properties than other metals and its alloy. Generally pure metals and its alloys may have fairly good mechanical properties but falls short in damping properties. Aluminium matrix composites are becoming important in aerospace automobile and marine applications due to its god damping properties. The present investigation is concerned with the damping capacity of iron oxide (Fe2O3) reinforced aluminium matrix composite. The composites were fabricated with 2%, 4% and 6%, by weight of iron oxide with varied particle of size 40 μm and 500 nm in equal proportions using stir casting process. From the results obtained the 500 nm size with 4 wt% of iron oxide showed improved dynamic properties. The iron oxides reinforced with aluminum matrix are found to be new substitutes for the existing materials with low damping properties.

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11

Kubota, Ryo, Akira Shimamoto, Daiju Numata, and Kazuyoshi Takayama. "Evaluation of Perforation Resistance of Magnesium Alloy by Hypervelocity Impact." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.129.

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Magnesium alloy is the lightest metal that is used as a structural material. It has a higher specific tensile strength and specific stiffness than Iron and Aluminum alloy, and the dent is not caused easily from Iron and Aluminum alloy at the impact. Therefore, Magnesium alloy is widely used in many areas, especially as an external shell of a mobile device and automotive parts which replaces iron and plastic, etc., and its demand is expected to grow in the future. In this paper we studied the hypervelocity impact with a ballistic range to clarify the characteristic of Magnesium alloys which had such a characteristic. The effect of impact velocity, temperature and the size of perforation hole were investigated experimentally. The perforation resistance of Magnesium alloys and their impact behavior were characterized.

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12

Комарова, М. В., and А. Г. Вакутин. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF UDP METALS WITH PRODUCTS OF THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TETRAZOLE BINDER." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(40) (December 20, 2021): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.40.6.041.

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В статье приводятся экспериментальные исследования ультрадисперсных металлических порошков алюминия, меди, железа, вольфрама, титана, цинка, никеля, сплавов меди с алюминием, меди с железом и латуни. Описаны термические свойства их смесей с метилполивинилтетразолом, пластифицированным динитратпропиленгликолем; указаны численные величины значимых характеристик.Результаты исследования показали, что существенное количество тепла выделяется при нагреве порошков алюминия, цинка, титана и железа; при нагреве смесей со связующим, наилучшие результаты соответствуют сплаву меди с железом, алюминию и сплаву меди с алюминием. The article presents experimental studies of ultrafine metal powders of aluminum, copper, iron, tungsten, titanium, zinc, nickel, alloys of copper with aluminum, copper with iron and brass. The thermal properties of their mixtures with methyl polyvinyl tetrazole and plasticized propylenglycoldinitrate are described; numerical values of significant characteristics are indicated.The results of the study showed that a significant amount of heat is released when heating aluminum, zinc, titanium and iron powders; when heating mixtures with a binder, the best results correspond to an alloy of copper with iron, aluminum and an alloy of copper with aluminum.

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13

Wang, Xingqing, J. V. Wood, Yongjiang Sui, and Haibo Lu. "Formation of intermetallic compound in iron-aluminum alloys." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 2, no. 4 (December 1998): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-998-0045-5.

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14

Jacobson, Nathan S., and Gopal M. Mehrotra. "Thermodynamics of iron-aluminum alloys at 1573 K." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 24, no. 3 (June 1993): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02666431.

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15

Panasyuk, A. D., and A. B. Belykh. "Reaction of aluminum nitride with iron-based alloys." Refractories 26, no. 11-12 (November 1985): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01389977.

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16

Dybkov, V. I., E. S. Meshkov, V. V. Kovylyaev, and G. Z. Omel'chenko. "Solubility of iron-nickel alloys in liquid aluminum." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 31, no. 7 (July 1992): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00793440.

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17

Klesnar, H., and P. Rogl. "The ternary system: Aluminum–iron–praseodymium." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0053.

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Phase equilibria in the ternary system Pr–Fe–Al have been established in an isothermal section at 800 °C from room temperature x-ray powder diffraction analysis of about 50 alloys, which were melted, annealed at 800 °C, and quenched. Phase equilibria are characterized by the formation of rather extended homogeneous regions, i.e., by a random substitution of Fe/Al in Pr(Al1−xFex)2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15, in Pr2(Fe1−xAlx)17, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65, as well as by the formation of at least four ternary compounds. Whereas the existence of PrFe4Al8 with the CeMn4Al8-type structure has been confirmed, there were no indications for a compound “PrFe6Al6” earlier claimed to crystallize with the ThMn12-type structure. Pr6(Fe1−xAlx)14, 0.16 ≤ x ≤ 0.36 with a homogeneous region parallel to the Fe–Al binary, was found to be isotypic with the La6Co11Ga3-type of structure. Pr-rich alloys are liquid at 800 °C, and all the alloys Pr2(Fe1−xAlx)17 with aluminum concentrations less than 5 at.% Al (x ∼ 0.07) enter a two-phase equilibrium with the Pr-rich liquid. At temperatures below 800 °C, alloys with compositions close to 30 at.% Pr and 5 at.% Al show a further ternary phase on solidification, whose crystal structure is related to the La6Co11Ga3-type. PrFe2Al8 is a new representative of the CeFe2Al8-type structure. The crystal structure of the ternary compound richest in Al, PrFe2Al10, has not been solved yet.

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18

Эсанов, Неъмат, Ne'mat Esanov, Изатулло Ганиев, Izatullo Ganiev, Абдувохид Хакимов, and Abduvohid Hakimov. "PRASEODYMIUM IMPACT UPON TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTION CHANGES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY AZh2.18." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 8 (September 9, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5d6cbe42d90f67.65063641.

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The last half century is characterized by great achievements in the field of aluminum alloy development. The development of new materials on aluminum basis with the purpose of operation reliability increase in different equipment, structures, mechanisms by means of the their formation selection substantiated scientifically requires the fulfillment of the investigation complex of physical-chemical properties and considered to be a significant problem of modern science. The application of alloys based on aluminum with the addition of iron and rare-earth metals as conducting materials in electronics for manufacturing motor car aircraft engines, wire, rods, tires and other products in electronic engineering is also known. In scientific literature there are no data on rare earth metal impact upon thermal-physical properties thermal-dynamic functions of aluminum alloys with iron. In this work in the mode of cooling there is investigated a temperature dependence of specific thermal capacity and changes of thermal-dynamic functions of the aluminum alloy AZh2.18 alloyed with praseodymium in the interval temperature 298.15-800 K. It is defined that with the temperature growth, heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of alloys increases and the values of Gibbs energy decrease. It is shown that with the praseodymium concentration increase, heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of alloys grow insufficiently, and Gibbs energy decreases.

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19

Herrmann, J., G. Inden, and G. Sauthoff. "Deformation behaviour of iron-rich iron-aluminum alloys at low temperatures." Acta Materialia 51, no. 10 (June 2003): 2847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(03)00089-2.

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20

Shi, Liangquan, Yunshu Zhang, and Shengtai Shih. "The low temperature hot corrosion of iron and iron-aluminum alloys." Corrosion Science 33, no. 9 (September 1992): 1427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(92)90181-2.

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21

Furui, Mitsuaki, Susumu Ikeno, and Seiji Saikawa. "Intragranular and Grain Boundary Precipitations with Aging Treatment in Mg-Al System Alloys Poured into Gravity Mold." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1140.

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It is well-known that age hardening occurs in Mg-Al system alloys, when the alloy containing aluminum exceeds 6mass%. This precipitation reaction depends on aluminum content and aging temperature. The aging behavior in AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated and it is the subject of this paper. However, for the Mg-Al system alloys, the influence of aluminum content on aging hardening characteristics has not been researched in detail so far. In this study, continuous and discontinuous precipitations during aging in Mg-Al system alloys cast into sand and iron molds were investigated by means of hardness measurement and microstructure observation with optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Variation of hardness with aging was found to be caused mainly by the discontinuous precipitation along the grain boundaries from the composite rule in hardness. In iron mold castings, It was found that the variation of hardness with aging was found to be caused mainly by the continuous precipitation inside the crystal grain.

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22

Fujii, Hidetoshi, Nobuyoshi Sogabe, and Kiyoshi Nogi. "Convection in Weld Pool under Microgravity and Terrestrial Conditions." Materials Science Forum 512 (April 2006): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.512.301.

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Electron beam (EB) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding were performed under both microgravity and terrestrial conditions in order to investigate the effects of gravity and surface tension on the convection in a molten pool. The microgravity conditions were achieved using the drop-shaft at the Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC). A small-sized EB or TIG welding system was loaded into the drop capsule, and then the capsule was dropped 710m below ground level. The system attains a microgravity level of 10-5 G for a duration of 10 seconds. Pure iron and an iron-tungsten alloy (SKD4) were used for the iron samples, while pure aluminum and an aluminum-copper alloy (A2219) were used for the aluminum samples. The cross sections of the specimens were analyzed by EPMA after the welding to investigate the distribution of the minor elements. During the EB welding, the surface tension and the buoyancy determine the convection. Under microgravity, only the surface tension causes the convection because the buoyancy is considered to be negligible. As a result, it was found that the convection due to the surface tension is dominant for the iron alloys, but it is very weak for the aluminum alloys.

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23

Student, Mykhajlo, Sergiy Markovych, Volodymyr Hvozdetskii, Khrystyna Zadorozhna, Igor Kovalchuk, and Yurii Dzjoba. "Wearproofness of Layers of Oxide of Formed by Method of Hard Anodization (Hard Anodic Coatings) at Strengthening of Details of Agroindustrial Technique." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 51 (2021): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2021.51.182-187.

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In the last years in an agroindustrial production there is a tendency on replacement of cast-iron details on a detail from aluminium alloys at execution on поверхю of strengthening layer. An ironmaking is accompanied the extrass of plenty of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere. Substituting of cast-iron details by aluminium will decrease the amount of extrass of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere, and substantially will decrease weight of constructions. Hard anodization is used practically in all of industries of industry: avsup and motor-car industry; hydraulics; electronics; heater platforms and tiles; medical devices. This method will allow to promote mechanical descriptions of aluminium alloys the method of forming of the anodized layers on their surface. The synthesis of the anodized layer on an aluminum alloy was performed in a 20% solution of sulfuric acid at a temperature of (-8…-2 ˚C). During anodizing, the current density was 5 A / dm2. The anodizing times were 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Conducted metallographic studies and phase analysis of the layers. Reduction of moisture content was performed at a temperature of 400˚C for 60 minutes. It was found that the oxide layer (Al2O3 • H2O) during hard anodizing on aluminum alloys forms not only oxygen ions, which are formed due to the decomposition of water, but also its neutral atoms, which are formed from the solution. It was found that the microhardness and layer thickness increase with increasing anodizing time. After heat treatment, the number of water molecules decreases and the microhardness increases. Increasing the microhardness increases the resistance to abrasive wear. Conclusions: The layer of oxide in the composition contains to three molecules of water, which reduce a microhardness, and and wearproofness of the anodized layer substantially. The layers of oxide on aluminium alloys are formed the method of cold anodization at low temperatures -8…-4 ˚C to 6 time promote abrasive wearproofness of aluminium alloy of D16. Heat treatment for the temperatures of 400˚C during 2 hours promotes abrasive wearproofness of aluminium alloy on an order.

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24

Vyas, S., S. Viswanathan, and V. K. Sikka. "Effect of aluminum content on environmental embrittlement in binary iron-aluminum alloys." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 27, no. 2 (July 1992): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(92)90110-z.

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25

Moldovan, Petru, Gabriela Popescu, C. A. Popescu, Ioana Apostolescu, and Aurelian Buzaianu. "New Quaternary Type of Al-Sr-Ti-B Master Alloy for Grain Refining and Modifying of Al-Si." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.295.

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The paper’s aim is to present the processing of a new master alloy similar to STROBLOY. This alloy represents a combination of two master alloys, already known in aluminum industry (AlTiB and AlSr). The benefits of this new alloy are the cut of Ti, B and Sr consumption, as well as a grain refining/modification ecological technology for Al-Si and Al-Mg-Si alloys. So, this alloy was obtained from binary AlB8, AlSr10 and AlTi10 master alloys melted in an electric resistance furnace and argon atmosphere. Samples were cast in an iron mould. As STROBLOY, this new quaternary alloy contains fast dissolving SrAl4 particles important in modification stage, and nucleating particles such as TiB2 and (Al, Ti)B2 essential for grain refining of aluminum alloys.

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26

Shmorgun, V. G., V. P. Kulevich, A. I. Bogdanov, and O. V. Slautin. "STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MELTED AREAS FORMED AT THE BORDER OF SECTION IN EXPLOSION WELDED JOINTS ALUMINUM-IRON-BASED ALLOY." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 11(258) (November 30, 2021): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-11-258-69-72.

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The influence of the composition of iron-based alloys on the microhardness of the areas of the melted metal in explosion-welded joints with aluminum is investigated. It is shown that, other things being equal, the presence of chromium in the composition of an iron-based alloy leads to an increase in the hardness of the alloys by 1-2 GPa, and joint alloying with chromium and nickel, by 3 GPa.

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27

Zhang, Yan-ning, Ru-qian Wu, Holly M. Schurter, and Alison B. Flatau. "Understanding of large auxetic properties of iron-gallium and iron-aluminum alloys." Journal of Applied Physics 108, no. 2 (July 15, 2010): 023513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3445269.

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28

Wu, Horng-Yu, Shyong Lee, and Jian-Yih Wang. "Solid-state bonding of iron-based alloys, steel–brass, and aluminum alloys." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 75, no. 1-3 (March 1998): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(97)00323-3.

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29

Kanibolotsky, D. S., and V. V. Lisnyak. "Thermodynamics of formation of aluminum–iron–germanium amorphous alloys." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 333, no. 2 (February 2004): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.054.

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30

Kim, H. G., and W. N. Myung. "Rod milling and leaching of (iron-copper)-aluminum alloys." Metal Powder Report 57, no. 6 (June 2002): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(02)80257-0.

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31

Jin, H., and D. J. Lloyd. "Roping in 6111 aluminum alloys with various iron contents." Materials Science and Engineering: A 403, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.04.039.

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32

Vasconcellos, M. A. Z., S. R. Teixeira, P. H. Dionisio, W. H. Schreiner, and I. J. R. Baumvol. "57Fe CEMS characterization of iron-aluminum thin-film alloys." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 280, no. 2-3 (August 1989): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90971-6.

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33

Wang, Fu, Jian-Jun Wang, Qin-Sheng Li, Guo-Zhu Ren, Xin-Jian Zhang, and Shu-quan Zhang. "Analysis and Research of the High-Cycle Fatigue Fracture Mode Based on Stress Ratio and Residual Stress of Ti-6Al-4V." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (January 12, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5516566.

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The content of titanium is about 0.63% in the earth’s crust, and it ranks 10th among all elements. The content of titanium is next to the metal elements of aluminum, iron and magnesium, iron, and magnesium; titanium alloys have low density, high specific strength (the ratio of tensile strength to density), wide working range (−253°C–600°C), and excellent corrosion resistance melting point; the chemical activity of titanium alloy is very high, and it easily reacts with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, so it is difficult to be smelted and processed, and the processing cost is high. Titanium alloys also have poor thermal conductivity (only 1/5 of iron and 1/15 of aluminum), small deformation coefficient, large friction coefficient, and other characteristics. They are widely used in aircraft fuselage, gas turbine, petrochemical, automotive industry, medical, and other fields for important parts.

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34

Норман, А., A. Norman, В. Смоленцев, V. Smolentsev, В. Золотарев, and V. Zolotaryov. "Modification of surface layer in aluminum alloys by electroerosion coating." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18097.

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The mechanism of plating on low-melting alloys (for example, aluminum) cast-iron coatings having a high fusion temperature is considered. By means of this method one achieves in light aluminum alloy parts higher performance attributes to which belong reliable protection of parts with a coating against aggressive influence of chemically active substances. Besides, antifriction properties of parts operating in friction units are improved. The technological modes are developed and a coating process is designed. The example of the method offered is shown.

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35

Amenova, Aliya, Nikolay Belov, Dauletkhan Smagulov, and Ainagul Toleuova. "Scientifically Based Choice of Heat-Resistant Cast Aluminum Alloys of New Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.49.

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The phase composition of the AlNiMnFeSiZr system is analyzed as applied to heat resistant nikalines (aluminum alloys of a new generation based on Ni containing eutectic), which are strengthened by the Al3Zr (L12) nanoparticles. It is shown that the presence of iron and silicon considerably complicates the phase analysis when compared with the AN4Mts2 base alloy. Silicon strongly widens the crystallization range, which increases the tendency of the alloy to form hot cracks during casting. It is shown that economically doped nikaline AN2ZhMts substantially exceeds the most heat resistant cast aluminum alloys of the AM5 grade in the totality of its main characteristics (heat resistance and mechanical and production properties).

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36

Nikitin, K. V., I. Yu Timoshkin, and V. I. Nikitin. "INFLUENCE OF METHODS FOR ALTI MASTER ALLOY PRODUCTION ON ITS STRUCTURE AND EFFICIENCY IN ALUMINUM ALLOY MODIFICATION." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy, no. 4 (August 16, 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2018-4-45-52.

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A comparative study on the effect of methods for obtaining AlTi4 modifying master alloys on the sizes of Al3Ti intermetallics is made. It is found that increasing cooling rates at solidification from 10–15 °C/s (crystallization in a hot cast iron mold, a plate 30 mm in thickness) to 60–65 °C/s (crystallization in a cold cast iron chill mold, a rod 20 mm in diameter, 170 mm in length) reduces the length and thickness of needle-shaped intermetallics almost twice (397×23 to 215×13 μm). At the same time, lower electrical conductivity and higher alloy density in a solid state are observed. Melt modification with 0,5 wt.% magnesium addition causes the formation of homogeneous 98×3 μm fine-needle intermetallics. The addition of magnesium slightly reduces electrical conductivity and density compared with the AlTi4 master alloy crystallized at the same cooling rate (60–65 °C/s). Modification of A97 grade aluminum and AK9ch alloy (Al–Si–Mg system) with the specified master alloys at the same amount of titanium added (0,01 wt.%) exerts hereditary influence on the density and electrical conductivity, and macrograin (A97) and dendrites of aluminium (AK9ch). The maximum modifying effect is provided by the AlTi4 master alloy containing 0,5 wt.% magnesium. When introduced into the alloy, it contributes to the formation of 10 μm aluminum dendrites 1427 pcs/mm2 in total in the alloy structure. When the AK9ch alloy is modified with the master alloy crystallized at cooling rates of 10–15 °C/s, 28 μm dendrites 672 pcs/mm2 in total are formed in the alloy structure. It is suggested to use density and electrical conductivity determination methods for express evaluation of master alloy modifying effectiveness.

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37

Richtárech, L., D. Bolibruchová, M. Brůna, and J. Caiss. "Influence of Nickel Addition on Properties of Secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0046.

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Abstract This paper deals with influence on segregation of iron based phases on the secondary alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 microstructure by nickel. Iron is the most common and harmful impurity in aluminum casting alloys and has long been associated with an increase of casting defects. In generally, iron is associated with the formation of Fe-rich intermetallic phases. It is impossible to remove iron from melt by standard operations. Some elements eliminates iron by changing iron intermetallic phase morphology, decreasing its extent and by improving alloy properties. Realization of experiments and results of analysis show new view on solubility of iron based phases during melt preparation with higher iron content and influence of nickel as iron corrector of iron based phases.

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38

Shabashov, V. A., K. A. Kozlov, K. A. Lyashkov, A. V. Litvinov, G. A. Dorofeev, and S. G. Titova. "Solid-Phase Mechanical Alloying of BCC Iron Alloys by Nitrogen in Ball Mills." Defect and Diffusion Forum 330 (September 2012): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.330.25.

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The methods of Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis have been used to study the processes of a solid-phase alloying of the iron alloys with a bcc lattice by nitrogen that occur upon ball-mill mechanical activation in the presence of chromium nitrides. It is shown that a deformation-induced dissolution of chromium nitrides in the matrix of pure iron and in that of the alloys Fe–3Al and Fe–6V results in the formation of the substitutional chromium and interstitial nitrogen bcc solid solutions. An additional alloying of iron with aluminum or vanadium under the deformation dissolution of nitrides leads to the escape of aluminum and vanadium from the matrix and to a decrease in the nitrogen content characteristic of the interstitial solid solution proper due to the strong chemical bonding of alloying elements with nitrogen. The subsequent annealing leads to the decomposition of already formed solid solutions with the formation of aluminum, vanadium, and chromium nitrides of extreme dispersion.

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39

Kim, Evgeniy D., Ernst H. Ri, Michail A. Ermakov, Hosen Ri, and Andrey S. Zhivetyev. "Synthesis of a Composite Alloy Based on Ore Concentrate and Oxide Compounds." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.218.

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The conditions for the synthesis of Al-Cr-W alloys during the aluminothermic reduction of a mineral tungsten concentrate - scheelite were considered. The alloys were identified as an aluminum matrix by the methods of elemental and X-ray phase analyzes. It is shown that the alloy synthesized from scheelite concentrate contains small amounts of iron and oxygen impurities (1.2 wt. %). It has been established that the alloys have a composite structure: inclusions of continuously solid solutions based on chromium and tungsten, as well as chromium aluminides Al3(Cr, W, Fe)2, which have increased microhardness values (12.9 GPa) are distributed in the aluminum matrix.

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40

Jung, Chan-Hyun, Hyeon-Woo Son, Sang-Wook Kim, Jong-Kyun Kim, Byoung-Lok Jang, and Soong-Keun Hyun. "Characterization of Interfacial Microstructure of Cast Iron Inserts Dipping in Aluminum Alloy Melt." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 2010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18938.

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Commercial vehicle pistons should have low thermal expansion and should be able to withstand deformation or mechanical stress. Aluminum alloys are suitable for pistons due to their light weight. However, as aluminum alloys have low strength and friction resistance, cast iron is added through the dipping process in order to increase the quality of pistons. However, the dipping process leads to defects such as defective bonding, void formation, and formation of an oxidation film at the junctions of the two materials due to differences in their properties, which adversely affects the impact resistance and mechanical strength of the product. A theoretical study on the metallurgical bond between the aluminum alloy and the cast iron insert in the piston was conducted to investigate the cause of the defects. The microstructure of the intermetallic bonding layer was observed using scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive spectroscopy. In this study, defects were found in non-bonding and oxide films and several phases were generated corresponding to different parameters. It was found that processing time and temperature were the main causes of these defects.

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41

Novák, Pavel, and Kateřina Nová. "Oxidation Behavior of Fe–Al, Fe–Si and Fe–Al–Si Intermetallics." Materials 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111748.

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Iron aluminides are still deeply investigated materials for their use in power plants, automotive and chemical industry, and other sectors. This paper shows that it is possible to strongly improve their oxidation behavior by the addition of silicon. The description of the synergic effect of aluminum and silicon on the oxidation behavior of Fe–Al–Si alloys at 800 °C in air is presented. The oxidation rate, microstructure, phase, and chemical composition of these ternary alloys are compared with the binary Fe–Al and Fe–Si alloys. Results showed that the oxidation of Fe–Al–Si ternary alloys provides an oxide layer based on aluminum oxide with a low concentration of iron and silicon. Below this oxide layer, there is a layer of silicides formed as a result of depletion by aluminum, which forms a secondary oxidation protection.

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42

Nascimento, Maurício Silva, Givanildo Alves dos Santos, Rogério Teram, Vinícius Torres dos Santos, Márcio Rodrigues da Silva, and Antonio Augusto Couto. "Effects of Thermal Variables of Solidification on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Microhardness of Cu-Al-Ni-Fe Alloys." Materials 12, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081267.

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Aluminum bronze is a complex group of copper-based alloys that may include up to 14% aluminum, but lower amounts of nickel and iron are also added, as they differently affect alloy characteristics such as strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. The phase transformations of nickel aluminum–bronze alloys have been the subject of many studies due to the formations of intermetallics promoted by slow cooling. In the present investigation, quaternary systems of aluminum bronze alloys, specifically Cu–10wt%Al–5wt%Ni–5wt%Fe (hypoeutectoid bronze) and Cu–14wt%Al–5wt%Ni–5wi%Fe (hypereutectoid bronze), were directionally solidified upward under transient heat flow conditions. The experimental parameters measured included solidification thermal parameters such as the tip growth rate (VL) and cooling rate (TR), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, hardness, and microhardness. We observed that the hardness and microhardness values vary according to the thermal parameters and solidification. We also observed that the Cu–14wt%Al–5wt%Ni–5wi%Fe alloy presented higher hardness values and a more refined structure than the Cu–10wt%Al–5wt%Ni–5wt%Fe alloy. SEM analysis proved the presence of specific intermetallics for each alloy.

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43

Baisanov, S., V. V. Tolokonnikova, G. I. Narikbayeva, and I. Ya Korsukova. "Thermodynamic substantiation of compositions of silicon aluminium alloys with increased aluminium content in Fe-Si-Al system." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 321, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.15.

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A priority direction of ferrous metallurgy development is to increase in output of the high quality metal and metal products of new assortment. One of the methods to improve a quality of steels is to involve of complex alloys based on aluminum, silicon, manganese, etc. for their output. They are necessary as deoxidizing agents and alloying additives. This paper considers the possibility of the thermodynamic substantiation of the aluminum solubility in the ferrosilicon-aluminum complex alloy (FeSiAl) on the basis of their phase diagrams using the osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim. Methodology used is based on the theoretical studies of the phase equilibria using the Bjerrum-Guggenheim concept. It includes a set of computer programs in C# language (C sharp) designed to evaluate a deviation scope of properties of a real system from the ideal one. Criterion for evaluation is an osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim. The pattern of change in an osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim on the ratio of activity of components in the ideal liquid and solid phases (positive Фi <1 or negative Фi >1) under the boundary forming conditions of crystallization regions of phases related to the melting ferrosilicon-aluminum processes is a direct proof of the possibility to use it as a metal reducing agent. The calculated mathematical dependences of the osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim permit us to determine the crystallization temperature of the ferrosilicon-aluminum alloy. The alloying process with rich aluminum content is observed at this temperature. The dependence diagrams of an osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim of a crystallizing component on the ratio of its activity in the liquid and solid phases demonstrated that a temperature rise leads to strong negative deviations in silicon properties, and thus to its good mixability in the melt with iron and aluminum. Compositions of silicon-aluminum alloys with high aluminum content in the ferrosilicon-aluminum complex alloy (FeSiAl) were determined on the basis of their phase diagrams using the osmotic coefficient of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim with iron content of 12-37%, aluminum 20-25% and silicon 68-38%. The received theoretical results permit to determine conditions which give the maximum possible aluminum assimilation with the ferrosilicon-aluminum melts supplied from the high-ash coal in the melting process of this metal in the ore-thermal furnaces. Thus it is a direct method to develop the output technology of the complex alloys.

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44

Ding, Kan, Hiroyuki Sasahara, Syuji Adachi, and Kimio Nishimura. "Investigation on the Cutting Process of Plasma Sprayed Iron Base Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.821.

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In the recent years, the current technology enables only the molten iron base alloys, sprayed on the aluminum alloy engine block thus it can function as a cylinder bore. However, the machinability performance of plasma spray coated cylinder bore in boring process is poor because of severe tool wear compared with the previous cast iron cylinder bore. This paper deals with the results obtained at boring process of plasma sprayed iron base alloys coating to clarify the root cause of tool wear. Preliminary fine boring and turning experiments are conducted on the plasma sprayed cylinder bore, and tool wear, tool failure modes and cutting force were also investigated. The result shows plasma spray coated cylinder bore recorded larger cutting force than the cast iron cylinder bore. Also, this work shows that abrasive effect by the hard oxide particles on the cross-sectioned of machined layer is superior when fine boring plasma spraying iron base alloys coating.

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45

Chakthin, Sainatee, Patarawan Kahawong та Payoon Senthongkaew. "The Modification of β-Al₅FeSi Phase in Al-Si-Mg-Fe Alloys by Utilizing Recycled Beverage Can Body in Casting Process". Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (січень 2016): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.660.

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The acicular iron intermetallic compound, β-Al5FeSi, is often quoted as disadvantages in aluminum based alloy ingots because of its brittleness. This undeniable phase, however, is found to show less effects on the ingots properties if trace manganese is added. The modified round ended and Chinese script-like structure showed significant higher ductility. The present work reports results of prospective experiments designed for obtaining shape modification of the iron intermetallic compound exclusively from readily available scrap aluminum cans as a source of manganese. A356 aluminum alloy with 1 wt.% iron and 10 wt. % manganese calculated from recycled aluminum can was melted in a laboratory furnace. The molten metal was soaked at 800°C for different aging times ranging from 15, 60 to 120 minutes before undergoing the conventional casting process. The produced ingots were characterized concerning their microstructures, hardness and final composition, which allows estimating the proper aging time for the microstructure improvement. It was observed that the 60 minute-aging time yielded the best modification of 14 micron round ended needle morphology. However, the longer aging time resulted in lower hardness as the result of the obtained Al15(MnFe)3Si2 as a majority phase.

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46

Michna, Štefan, Anna Knaislová, Iryna Hren, Jan Novotný, Lenka Michnová, and Jaroslava Svobodová. "Chemical and Structural Analysis of Newly Prepared Co-W-Al Alloy by Aluminothermic Reaction." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020658.

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This article is devoted to the characterization of a new Co-W-Al alloy prepared by an aluminothermic reaction. This alloy is used for the subsequent preparation of a special composite nanopowder and for the surface coating of aluminum, magnesium, or iron alloys. Due to the very high temperature (2000 °C–3000 °C) required for the reaction, thermite was added to the mixture. Pulverized coal was also added in order to obtain the appropriate metal carbides (Co, W, Ti), which increase hardness, resistance to abrasion, and the corrosion of the coating and have good high temperature properties. The phase composition of the alloy prepared by the aluminothermic reaction showed mainly cobalt, tungsten, and aluminum, as well as small amounts of iron, titanium, and calcium. No carbon was identified using this method. The microstructure of this alloy is characterized by a cobalt matrix with smaller regular and irregular carbide particles doped by aluminum.

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47

Michalik, R., and A. Tomaszewska. "An Influence of Ageing on the Structure, Corrosion Resistance and Hardness of High Aluminum ZnAl40Cu3 Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0055.

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Zn-Al-Cu alloys are used primarily because of their tribological properties as an alternative material for bronze, cast iron and aluminum alloy bearings and as a construction material. Particularly interesting are high aluminum zinc alloys. Monoeutectic zinc and aluminum alloys are characterized by the highest hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of all of the zinc alloys. A significant problem with the use of the Zn-Al-Cu alloys is their insufficient resistance to electrochemical corrosion. Properties of Zn-Al-Cu alloys can be improved by heat treatment. The purpose of examination was to determine the effect of heat treatment (aging at various temperatures) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. The scope of the examination included: structural examinations, determination of hardness using Brinell’s method and corrosion resistance examinations. Ageing at higher temperatures causes a creation of areas where is an eutectoid mixture. The study showed that ageing causes a decrease in hardness of ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. This decrease is even greater, when the temperature of ageing is lower. The studies have shown a significant influence of ageing on the corrosion resistance of the alloy ZnAl40Cu3. Maximum corrosion resistance were characterized by the sample after ageing at higher temperatures.

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48

Hilfrich, K., K. Nembach, W. Petry, O. Schärpf, and E. Nembach. "Superlattices in iron-rich iron-aluminium alloys." Physica B: Condensed Matter 180-181 (June 1992): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(92)90403-f.

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49

Senkov, O. N., F. H. Froes, V. V. Stolyarov, R. Z. Valiev, and J. Liu. "Microstructure of Aluminum-Iron Alloys Subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation." Scripta Materialia 38, no. 10 (April 1998): 1511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(98)00073-6.

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50

Mu, Haoyuan, Tongsheng Zhang, Liang Yang, Rodrigo R. Xavier, Richard J. Fruehan, and Bryan A. Webler. "In SituObservation of MgO Inclusions in Liquid Iron-Aluminum Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 47, no. 6 (August 25, 2016): 3375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0794-7.

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