Статті в журналах: "Alloy creation"

1

Hearne, Sean J., Jerrold A. Floro, Mark A. Rodriguez, Ralph T. Tissot, Colleen S. Frazer, Luke Brewer, Paul Hlava, and Stephen Foiles. "Stress creation during Ni–Mn alloy electrodeposition." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 5 (March 2006): 053517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2179138.

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2

Potekhin, B. A., V. V. Ilyushin, A. S. Khristolyubov, A. Yu Zhilyakov, and A. Ernandes. "Creation of composite bronze – maraging steel alloy." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 55, no. 5-6 (September 2013): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-013-9611-y.

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3

Miwa, Kenji, Ming Jun Li, and Takuya Tamura. "Creation of Fine Structure in Magnesium Alloys by Electromagnetic Vibration Process." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1453.

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We have developed the refinement process of the microstructure of metallic materials by imposition of electromagnetic vibration force during solidification. This process is effective for both wrought magnesium alloys and cast ones. By simultaneous imposition of a static magnetic field of 10 Tesla under an alternative electric current of 60A, the average grain sizes of the AZ31B wrought alloy and the AZ91D cast alloy were obtained about 50 micron in both alloys. The grain size was affected by electric current frequency and had the minimum value at the special electric current frequncy of 500 to 2000 Hz and 900 Hz for wrought alloy and cast alloy, respectively. From experimental results, we suggested the mechanism of refinement of microstructure during solidification by imposition of electromagnetic vibration force. The cavitation phenomenon in liquid phase during electromagnetic vibration was effective to break down th esolid phase. And also the difference of electric conductivity between the solid phase and the liquid one brought vigorous vibration of the solid phase. Then the solid phase was suppressed its growth.

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4

Miwa, Kenji, Yoshiki Mizutani, Takuya Tamura, and Naoki Omura. "New Application of Electromagnetic Vibration Process for Creation of High Potential Metallic Materials." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.323.

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We have developed the new process for refinement of metallic materials during solidification without addition of refiners or without rapid cooling. This process uses electromagnetic body force based on the vibrations caused by simultaneous imposition of direct magnetic field and alternative electric current on the alloy melt during solidification. The vibrations create cavitation in the melt and it breaks out during growth of it. Then explosive force is released toward the surroundings such as the primary solid particles and they are fractured finely. Finally fractured solid particles solidified as very fine grains. This process was applied to hyper- and hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloys, and AZ91D Mg alloys. Primary silicon crystals in Al-17mass%Si alloy decreased the size remarkably by the optimum electromagnetic vibration condition. Primary aluminum dendrites particles in Al-7mass%Si and primary magnesium dendrite particles in AZ91D are also decreased its size markedly. This process has also been applied to create non-equilibrium state metallic materials such as metallic glasses. We have succeeded to obtain metallic glasses in Mg-Y-Cu alloy system and Fe-Co-Si-B-Nb alloy system. These alloys solidified as fully crystals in this cooling rate without electromagnetic vibrations. These glasses are bulky and are used as structural material.

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5

Chepovetskii, G. I., S. N. Dub, and A. V. Idesman. "Creation of the initial crack in hard-alloy specimen." Strength of Materials 22, no. 10 (October 1990): 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00767223.

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6

Woodfield, Andy, Eric Ott, Jon Blank, Mike Peretti, David Linger, and Larry Duke. "Meltless Ti – A New Light Metals Industry." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.135.

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Recent advances in synthesis of titanium (Ti) alloy powders by direct reduction methods (meltless Ti) have led to new opportunities to produce Ti alloys with enhanced capabilities. The meltless Ti alloy powders can be consolidated into mill products, or used to manufacture near-net shape (NNS) components. A vision is outlined for creation of a new supply chain producing meltless Ti alloy powders, leading to the production and application of innovative turbine engine components. This paper highlights the benefits of meltless Ti alloys, details current assessment of meltless Ti alloy technology, and outlines some of the challenges to fully establish the new supply chain.

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7

Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, and G. R. Gilmore. "Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts." Anatolian Studies 35 (December 1985): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642880.

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Few will doubt that in the East Mediterranean world and in the Near East the development of metallurgy was an important factor (though certainly not the only one) in the evolution of socio-economic organization in the Late Chalcolithic and especially in the Early and Late Bronze Age. The availability of silver, lead and gold added markedly to the possibilities of the acquisition of prestigious objects by the few, to developments in the concept of wealth and in the development of hierarchical societies. The availability of copper, arsenical copper, and later, tin bronze made possible the production of tools which transformed certain crafts (perhaps particularly carpentry and shipbuilding) and, with the development of weapons, revolutionized warfare.This no doubt led to something of an arms race which put its own pressures on societies in the search for and exploitation of metals. The more successful population groups will have greatly increased the density of their population and changed their structure, not only by moving from local chief to regional monarch but also by that monarch securing his authority by the creation of dependent privileged groups and by the encouragement of the emergence of specialized workers and craftsmen. In turn such socio-economic developments, in which the emergence of class differentiation led to the creation of aristocracies or other forms of elite ruling classes, eventually provided the environments in which skilled metal workers could find the time, necessary incentives and artistic inspiration to develop advanced metalworking skills.

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8

Czerwinski, Frank. "A novel method of alloy creation by mixing thixotropic slurries." Materials Science and Engineering: A 404, no. 1-2 (September 2005): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.029.

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9

YOSHIDA, Hitoshi. "Creation of Environmental Responsible Rubber Embeded Ti-Ni Alloy Effecter." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 67, no. 10 (1994): 721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.67.721.

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10

Mediaswanti, Kun, Cui E. Wen, Elena P. Ivanova, Francois Malherbe, Christopher C. Berndt, Vy Thi Hong Pham, and James Wang. "Biomimetic Creation of Surfaces on Porous Titanium for Biomedical Applications." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.259.

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Titanium and titanium alloys have been extensively studied for many applications in the area of bone tissue engineering. However, dense titanium is prone to lead into aseptic loosening due to their high elastic modulus compared to natural bone. One way to lower the elastic modulus is to produce a porous structure of the metallic alloy by adjusting its porosity. Another concern is the bioinertness of titanium that have no direct chemical bonding with surrounding tissue. One approach to improve the healing process is the application of a calcium phosphate coating onto the surface of biomedical devices and implants. Biomimetic creation of surface using alkali heat treatment with silica addition was employed in this study. The porosity of the samples ranges from 60% to 70%. It was demonstrated that the biomimetic methods are suitable for inducing apatite on the titanium alloys surface.

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11

Augustyn-Pieniążek, J., H. Adrian, S. Rzadkosz, and M. Choroszyński. "Structure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloys as Cast." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0027.

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Abstract The high mechanical properties of the Al-Li-X alloys contribute to their increasingly broad application in aeronautics, as an alternative for the aluminium alloys, which have been used so far. The aluminium-lithium alloys have a lower specific gravity, a higher nucleation and crack spread resistance, a higher Young’s module and they characterize in a high crack resistance at lower temperatures. The aim of the research planned in this work was to design an aluminium alloy with a content of lithium and other alloy elements. The research included the creation of a laboratorial melt, the microstructure analysis with the use of light microscopy, the application of X-ray methods to identify the phases existing in the alloy, and the microhardness test.

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12

Walasek, A., and J. Szajnar. "The Mechanism of the Surface Alloy Layer Creation for Cast Steel." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0022-0.

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The Mechanism of the Surface Alloy Layer Creation for Cast Steel The paper presents a detailed description of the process of creation of a surface alloy layer (using high-carbon ferrochromium) on the cast steel casting. The mechanism of the surface alloy layer is based on the known theories [5,6]. The proposed course of formation of the layers has been extended to decarburization stage of steel. The research included proving the presence of carbon-lean zone. The experiment included the analysis of the distribution of elements and microhardness measurement.

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13

Parunov, Vitaliy Anatol’evich, M. A. Kareva, S. D. Tykochinskiy, and I. Yu Lebedenko. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METAL ALLOY BASED ON PALLADIUM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOMESTIC DENTAL MATERIALS SCIENCE." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2017-21-3-126-128.

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The article shows the creation of a new Russian base alloy of palladium for metal-ceramic dental prostheses “Palladini UNI” puteam comprehensive analysis of the influence of alloying elements on the phase structure of the palladium alloys, physical and mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal linear expansion.

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14

Parunov, Vitaliy Anatol’evich, M. A. Kareva, D. S. Tykochinskiy, and I. Yu Lebedenko. "Development of a new metal alloy based on palladium within the framework of practical implementation of the concept of development of the domestic dental materials science." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-28022017;21(1):7-10.

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The article shows the creation of the new Russian alloy based on palladium for metal-ceramic dental prostheses "Palladini UNI puteam comprehensive analysis of the influence of alloying elements on the phase structure of the palladium alloys, physical and mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal linear expansion.

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15

Uemura, Tetsuya, and Masafumi Yamamoto. "Creation and Control of Spin Current Using Co-Based Heusler Alloy." Materia Japan 49, no. 12 (2010): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.49.566.

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16

Florea, Iulia, Gheorghe Buluc, Romeu Chelariu, Elena Raluca Baciu, and Ioan Carcea. "Microstructure and Corrosion Properties Investigations of AlCrNiCuMn High-Entropy Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1128 (October 2015): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1128.127.

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Using new high entropy alloy with chemical formula AlCrNiCuMn produced by high technology (induction melt method), in manufacture of new composite materials will enable the creation of new structures resistant to stress used dynamic collective protection. Specify that High Entropy Alloys are characterized as alloys consisting of approximate equal concentrations of at least five metallic elements and are claimed to favor close-packed, disordered structures due to high configurational entropy. In this study, we investigate the microstructure and corrosion properties of AlCrNiCuMn high-entropy alloys. The type of high entropy alloys manufactured was a five-component alloy of AlCrNiCuMn. The microstructure and corrosion resistance property of high-entropy alloys AlCrNiCuMn were determined by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical workstation. Microstructural characterization was performed by electron microscopy on LMHII VegaTescan equipment using a secondary electron detector (SE) at a voltage of 30 kV electron gun.

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17

Miškuf, Jozef, Kornel Csach, Alena Juríková, Mária Huráková, Martin Miškuf, and Elena D. Tabachnikova. "Conchoidal Fracture of Zr- and Mg-Based Amorphous Glass." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.504.

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In metallic glasses plastic deformation occurs via the creation and the propagation of a softened region in the shear bands. Some of the high strength metallic glasses (as Zr-based metallic alloys) exhibit complex shear band topography and the final failure respects the allocation of the shear bands. We studied the differences in the fracture surfaces of Zr-and Mg-based amorphous alloys. Ductile behaviour of the shear bands in Zr-based amorphous alloy tends to the dimple creation during the failure. On the fracture surfaces the vein pattern morphology manifestations were present. Conchoidal fracture was typical for Mg-based amorphous glass. Two different surface morphologies, plumes and rib marks ornament the fracture surfaces.

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18

Cáceres, Carlos H. "Light Alloy Castings for Automotive Applications: The Case of Al vs. Mg." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1801.

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The economical and environmental effects of mass reduction through Al and Mg primary alloys substitutions for cast iron and steel in automotive components are discussed using M.F. Ashby’s penalty functions method. The viability of Mg alloy substitutions for existing Al alloy cast components is also considered. The cost analysis shows that direct, equal-volume, Al alloy substitutions for cast iron and steel are the most feasible in terms of the CAFE liability, followed by substitutions involving flat panels of prescribed stiffness. When the creation of CO2 associated to the production of Al and Mg is considered, the potential gasoline savings over the lifespan of the car compensate for the intrinsic environmental burden of Al in all applications, while electrolytic Mg substitutions for cast iron and steel are feasible for equal volume and panels only. Magnesium produced by the Pidgeon thermal process appears to be too primary energy intensive to be competitive in structural applications. Magnesium substitutions for existing Al alloy beams and panels are generally unviable. The current higher recycling efficiency of Al casting alloys confers Al a significant advantage over Mg alloys.

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19

Zyryanov, Vladimir. "Smart Oxygen Membrane." MATEC Web of Conferences 340 (2021): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134001039.

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Oxygen selective membrane based on δ-Bi2O3/Ag cermet has maximum potential in separating oxygen from air. However, the achieved oxygen flow is inferior to high-temperature membrane. The paper proposes a new approach to creating a smart oxygen membrane with a selective layer from a nanocomposite with a complex architecture, operating at intermediate temperatures (Top ~550-600 °C). At the stage of obtaining nanopowders of membrane components, the potential and features of the mechanochemical ceramic method are taken into account. Mild conditions at the stage of consolidation by hot pressing are provided by the composition of the AgCu-matrix alloy. Achieving a gas-tight selective layer at the stage of reaching Top is ensured by dilatation of some components during the oxidation of copper alloys. The choice of Top for the oxygen membrane is based on the possibility of regeneration while maintaining the nanoscale microstructure. New solutions allow the creation of stable thin membranes with a reduced cost, including due to the silver contentnear the percolation threshold.

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20

Michalik, R., and A. Tomaszewska. "An Influence of Ageing on the Structure, Corrosion Resistance and Hardness of High Aluminum ZnAl40Cu3 Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0055.

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Zn-Al-Cu alloys are used primarily because of their tribological properties as an alternative material for bronze, cast iron and aluminum alloy bearings and as a construction material. Particularly interesting are high aluminum zinc alloys. Monoeutectic zinc and aluminum alloys are characterized by the highest hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of all of the zinc alloys. A significant problem with the use of the Zn-Al-Cu alloys is their insufficient resistance to electrochemical corrosion. Properties of Zn-Al-Cu alloys can be improved by heat treatment. The purpose of examination was to determine the effect of heat treatment (aging at various temperatures) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. The scope of the examination included: structural examinations, determination of hardness using Brinell’s method and corrosion resistance examinations. Ageing at higher temperatures causes a creation of areas where is an eutectoid mixture. The study showed that ageing causes a decrease in hardness of ZnAl40Cu3 alloy. This decrease is even greater, when the temperature of ageing is lower. The studies have shown a significant influence of ageing on the corrosion resistance of the alloy ZnAl40Cu3. Maximum corrosion resistance were characterized by the sample after ageing at higher temperatures.

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21

Vajpai, Sanjay Kumar, Kei Ameyama, Mie Ota, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Ryo Maeda, Tatsuya Sekiguchi, Guy Dirras, and David Tingaud. "High performance Ti-6Al-4V alloy by creation of harmonic structure design." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 63 (August 8, 2014): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/63/1/012030.

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22

Yoshida, Hitoshi. "Creation of environmentally responsive composites with embedded Ti-Ni alloy as effectors." Advanced Composite Materials 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855195x00087.

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23

Kihira, Hiroshi, Satoshi Ito, Shigeru Mizoguchi, Tomomi Murata, Akira Usami, and Koji Tanabe. "Creation of Alloy Design Concept for Anti Air-Born Salinity Weathering Steel." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 49, no. 1 (2000): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.49.30.

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24

Landau, A., G. Kimmel, and M. Talianker. "Creation and decomposition of a modulated structure in dilute uranium-titanium alloy." Ultramicroscopy 23, no. 2 (January 1987): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(87)90217-8.

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25

Serbiński, Waldemar, and Tadeusz Wierzchoń. "Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of the Layers Type (Mn-P) Formed on Aluminium Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 183 (December 2011): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.183.149.

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Aluminium alloys are the materials of choice when high-strenght-to-weight rations are required in structural components, and used widely in the automotive and aerospace industries. As an example, the use of an aluminium components in the automobile industry has greatly increased due to weight savings and resultant fuel economy improvements. There are many methods of surface consolidation of an aluminium alloys. This work presents the hybrid creation method of the newly layers type (Mn-P) on the AlSi13Mg1CuNi alloy, its microstructure, hardness, chemical and phase compositions as well as wear and corrosion resistance. Growth the wear resistance of an aluminium alloy coated with the layer type (Mn-P) is visable. The corrosion characteristics of these layers are also considered.

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26

Moravec, Jaromír, and Iva Nováková. "The Selection of Appropriate Process Parameters of Diffusion Bonding in Heterogeneous Weld of 355J2/AISI 316L Steels." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.101.

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The aim of this article is to present possibilities of diffusion bonding utilization at creation heterogeneous joints where strength properties are taken into account. The joint was implemented to low-alloy structural ferrite-pearlite S355J2 steel and high-alloy austenitic AISI 316L steel. The fundamental theory of diffusion and also design and realisation of experimental creation of diffusion joint in thermal-mechanical simulator Gleeble 3500 is described in the article. Furthermore, procedure of technological parameters selection, when optimisation of strength properties of heterogeneous joint including metallographic evaluation are taken into account, are presented.

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27

Zhang, Shu Yan, Jordan Schlipf, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "Analysis of Residual Stresses Around ‘Dimpled’ Cold-Expanded Holes in Aluminium Alloy Plates." Materials Science Forum 571-572 (March 2008): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.571-572.295.

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A traditional approach to increasing fatigue resistance of many assemblies involves the creation of regions of compressive residual stress. For example, riveting holes used in modern passenger aircraft are currently subjected to cold expansion using split mandrel tools. The method is relatively expensive and not entirely problem-free. In the present study we consider a method of creating residual stresses around drilled holes referred to as ‘dimpling’, that itself is a variation of a novel technique known as the StressWaveTM process. An experimental procedure is described for the creation of localised regions of significant plastic deformation and residual stress by ‘dimpling’, allowing the production of cold-worked and residually-stressed specimens. The overall aims of this study were to determine thickness-average residual stresses by two different techniques, namely, one destructive technique (Sachs boring) and one non-destructive (high energy X-ray diffraction); and to compare the results. In Sachs boring experiments the variation of strain gauge readings with increasing diameter of the central hole was recorded. A classical elastic-ideally plastic axisymmetric model for plane stress conditions was used in the analysis. Energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for non-destructive assessment of residual elastic strains. The two different stress evaluation techniques used in this project led to consistent results. Good correlation was found between the stresses obtained from X-ray diffraction results and those deduced from Sachs boring experiments.

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28

Vanko, Branislav, Ladislav Stanček, Michal Čeretka, Eduard Sedláček, and Roman Moravčík. "Properties of EN AW-2024 Wrought Aluminum Alloy after Casting with Crystallization under Pressure." Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stu-2015-0009.

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Abstract Establishing of wrought aluminum alloys casting to manufacture is now a global trend, for example due to lower production costs compare to forging or due to the ability to produce parts with thinner sections and more complex shapes. The aim of using these alloys in the foundry industry is in particular the creation of castings with higher mechanical properties than achieve castings made of standard casting aluminum alloys. Most often are cast wrought aluminum alloys of the 2xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx series. In the experiment, an alloy EN AW-2024 has been cast by modified technology of casting with crystallization under pressure. They were measured basic mechanical properties of the castings in the as-cast state and after heat treatment.

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29

Krčil, Jan, Vladimír Mára, Stanislav Krum, and Jana Sobotová. "THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANODIC OXIDE LAYERS ON SELECTED BIO-COMPATIBLE TITANIUM ALLOYS." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0240.

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Oxide layers on titanium alloy surfaces have an influence on bio-compatibility and corrosion resistance. In order to improve them, properties of oxide layers are examined. The oxide layer can be prepared by different methods and under various conditions. This results in a creation of layers showing different composition, structure, properties, stability, adhesion and biocompatibility. In the presented paper, samples of three titanium alloys were used: Commercially Pure (CP) titanium grade 2, Ti6Al4V alloy and -titanium alloy Ti-39 wt.% Nb. Samples were anodically (1MH2SO4 / 100V/ 1 hour) oxidized. Changes in surface colouration and roughness were observed. The thickness of oxide layers was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM was then used for observation of the surface topography of oxidized samples. The chemical composition of the surface layers was defined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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30

Popov, Dmitrii, Mihail Hripchenko, and Stepan Agarkov. "METASTABLE STRUCTURE OF AUSTENITIC MANGANESE ALLOY AND PROSPECTS FOR CREATION OF PARTS BASED ON IT." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2311-8873-2022-33-40.

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Comparative microstructural studies and mechanical tests of an experimental austenic manganese alloy and typical structural materials have been carried out. As a result of the research, relative data have been revealed, indicating high mechanical properties of the experimental alloy, which makes it possible to recommend it for machine parts operating at high load-speed operating conditions and temperature exposure up to 700 0C.

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31

Kareh, K. M., P. D. Lee, R. C. Atwood, T. Connolley, and C. M. Gourlay. "Pore behaviour during semi-solid alloy compression: Insights into defect creation under pressure." Scripta Materialia 89 (October 2014): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.06.033.

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32

Azarova, E. V., E. A. Levashov, V. G. Ralchenko, A. P. Bolshakov, and E. E. Ashkinazi. "Creation of strong adhesive diamond coatings on hard alloy by electric-spark alloying." Metallurgist 54, no. 7-8 (November 2010): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-010-9333-y.

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33

Kim, Kyou-Hyun, Hwi-Jun Kim, and Jae-Chul Lee. "Effect of a minor element with a large mixing enthalpy difference on the plasticity of amorphous alloys." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 9 (September 2007): 2558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0327.

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In this study, we investigated the role of a minor alloying element in improving the plasticity of amorphous alloys. The plasticity of the amorphous alloys, Cu60−xZr30Ti10Bex, was drastically improved with increasing amount of Be and reached a maximum of 23% at Cu53Zr30Ti10Be7. It was observed that an atomistic-scale phase separation existed within the alloy, which resulted from the large difference in mixing enthalpy between the binary pairs (Be–Cu, Be–Zr). This atomistic-scale phase separation resulted in an open structure in which atomic rearrangements in the form of the creation of free volume and crystallization were facilitated during deformation. Here we discuss the origin of the enhanced plasticity by clarifying the effect of an additional element, whose mixing enthalpies with the major elements are significantly different, on the structural change of the amorphous alloy.

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34

Le Roux, Andre Rayne. "Reducing the alloy thickness of base metal ceramic restorations." Southern African Dental Technology Journal 1, no. 2 (2009): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/10321/565.

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Reduction in base metal alloy thickness will permit additional porcelain depth and improved aesthetics but unfortunately little information exists regarding the thickness to which base metal alloys may be reduced in comparison to noble metal alloys for metal ceramic restorations. Even with comparison of noble metal alloys the aesthetic benefits are restricted to improving aesthetics in base metal restoration further, since noble metal alloys are generally regarded as providing superior aesthetics to base metal restorative alloys. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether a significant reduction in thickness could be achieved using a base metal alloy as compared to a noble metal alloy and the thickness to which base metal alloy substructures could safely be reduced while still providing the same resistance to fracture of the porcelain. Material and methods: Tensile strength tests (N) of the modulus of rupture of the porcelain were performed on 40 base metal alloy (Wiron 99, Bego, Germany) and 12 noble metal alloy rectangular specimens (5.8 mm wide and 15.0 mm long) bonded to a standardized 1.0 mm thickness of dentine Creation porcelain. The base metal alloy thickness varied in 0.1mm increments from 0.1 to 0.4 mm. The results were compared to 12 noble metal alloy (Bio Y 81, Argen, South Africa) specimens of recommended minimum thickness (0.3 mm). Data for the results was obtained using a universal tensile testing instrument, which was set to operate at a cross head speed of 0.5mm (Instron Mini 44, Instron corporation U.S.A). The applied force (N) that measured the modulus of rupture of each specimen was printed from a computer connected to the Instron Mini 44 that operated on a 95% level of confidence. Instron Agents (Durban, South Africa) performed the calibration and setting up of the machine prior to testing the specimens. Results: The results indicated a permissible 33.33% reduction in the base metal alloy specimens as compared to the noble metal alloy control specimens. This was deduced from the reduction in alloy thickness of up to 0.2 mm for base metal alloy specimens as compared to the 0.3 mm noble metal alloy specimens. The recommended thickness to which the base metal alloys could be reduced without distortion of the alloy was also 0.2 mm. The one-way ANOVA showed a level of significance of (α=05).

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35

Grachev, V. "Aluminium Alloys Smelting in Shaft- Reverberatory Furnaces in a Liquid Bath Mode." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0072.

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AbstractThe aim of research was creation of a furnace for aluminum alloys smelting “in a liquid bath” in order to reduce metal loss. In the paper, the author demonstrates the results of research on smelting of aluminum alloys in a shaft-reverberatory furnace designed by the author. It has been shown that smelting aluminum alloy in a liquid bath was able to significantly reduce aluminum loss and that shaft-reverberatory design provided high efficiency and productivity along with lower energy costs. Ensuring continuous operation of the liquid bath and superheating chamber, which tapped alloy with the required texture, was achieved by means of the optimal design of partition between them. The optimum section of the connecting channels between the liquid bath of smelting and the superheating chamber has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The author proposed a workable shaft-reverberatory furnace for aluminum alloys smelting, providing solid charge melting in a liquid bath.

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36

Krioni, N. K., A. A. Mingazheva, A. Y. Kononova, A. D. Mingazhev, and V. A. Gafarova. "Islet Nitriding of Product Surfaces Made from Alloy Steel." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.215.

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One of the most urgent problems of modern machine engineering is to increase the wear resistance of machine parts. The appearance of new technologies of parts strengthening treatment and improvement of the existing ones, especially the technologies based on thermochemical method, remain quite sought-after and are successfully used to improve the operational properties of the parts. Parts surface layer nitriding as the most common method of improving the service life and reliability of the modern machine parts got a new quality due to the use of ion-plasma processes. At the same time, the ever-increasing requirements for performance of machines and devices of different purposes, intensification and tightening of the conditions for their operation requires the creation of new nitriding technologies to provide a range of required properties of parts surface materials. This article is dedicated to the development and research of new nitriding technologies for alloyed steel parts. The aim of the proposed nitriding technology is to provide a composite layer combining high wear resistance and ductility of surface layer material. A feature of the nitriding technology is creating the conditions of processes of thermochemical treatment of parts, making it possible to form the islet nitrided layer.

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37

Wang, Wenyuan, Naoki Takata, Asuka Suzuki, Makoto Kobashi, and Masaki Kato. "Processability and Optimization of Laser Parameters for Densification of Hypereutectic Al–Fe Binary Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Crystals 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030320.

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Centimeter-sized samples of hypereutectic Al–15 mass% Fe alloy were manufactured by a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process while systematically varying laser power (P) and scan speed (v). The effects on relative density and melt pool depth of L-PBF-manufactured samples were investigated. In comparison with other Al alloys, a small laser process window of P = 77–128 W and v = 0.4–0.8 ms−1 was found for manufacturing macroscopically crack-free samples. A higher v and P led to the creation of macroscopic cracks propagating parallel to the powder-bed plane. These cracks preferentially propagated along the melt pool boundaries decorated with brittle θ-Al13Fe4 phase, resulting in low L-PBF processability of Al–15%Fe alloy. The deposited energy density model (using P·v−1/2) would be useful for identifying the optimum L-PBF process conditions towards densification of Al–15%Fe alloy samples, in comparison with the volumetric energy density (using P·v−1), however, the validity of the model was reduced for this alloy in comparison with other alloys with high thermal conductivities. This is likely due to inhomogeneous microstructures having numerous coarsened θ–Al13Fe4 phases localized at melt pool boundaries. These results provide insights into achieving sufficient L-PBF processability for manufacturing dense Al–Fe binary alloy samples.

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38

Rakhimyanov, Kharis, and Valentina Marusina. "Perspectives of the industrial recycling of hard-alloy materials waste by electro-erosive grinding." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401010.

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The creation of efficient industries is possible by using sustainable technologies based on the processes of recycling of the production waste. First of all, it refers to expensive material waste, including hard alloys. The electro-erosive grinding is considered to be the effective method of recycling such materials. The results of research on recycling the tungsten-cobalt hard alloy show the possibility of obtaining tungsten-carbide powders possessing improved physical and mechanical properties. The technology mentioned is also perspective for recycling tungstenless hard-alloy waste both at the laboratory devices equipped with the RC-generator and at the industrial installations of bulky grinding. It is established experimentally that the electro-erosive grinding of the TN20 tungstenless hard alloy at the laboratory provides obtaining the main volume (up to 85%) of the powder particles of the spherical shape having a dimension of 5 µm and the specific surface of 31.5 m2/g. Higher physical and mechanical properties of powders are also provided during recycling the TN20 alloy waste at the industrial installations of bulky grinding.

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39

Solonin, Yu M., O. Z. Galij, K. O. Graivoronska, A. V. Sameljuk, and S. S. Petrovska. "The Influence of Air Exposition of the Zr-Mn-Cr-Ni-Al Alloy on Cycle Life." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 18, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.18.4.425.

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It was found by scanning electron microscopy method that the ZrMn0.5Ni1.2Cr0.18А0.1 alloy has a dendritic structure, and the shooting of a typical section of the surface of the metallographic sample in characteristic radiation determined its chemical heterogeneity. The X-ray diffraction method has found that the C15 and C14 are the main phases of the alloy. In addition, the alloy contains Ni10Zr7 and Ni11Zr9 secondary phases. The method of potentiometric cycling has established that the air exposition of ZrMn0.5Ni1.2Cr0.18А0.1 alloy powder results in an increase in the electrochemical stability of the electrodes pressed from this powder and causes a significant increase of their cycle life. It is important that the cycle life of the AB2 alloy doped simultaneously with chromium and aluminum increased. Such doping is usually carried out in order to increase the cycle life due to the creation of hydrogen penetrating stable oxide films. Alloys with the same content of the Ni10Zr7 phase have the same activation rate of the initial electrodes. According to investigations, corrosion of the material originates on the interphase surface and begins to spread along it, indicating its pitting nature, and the surface of the pitting itself has the form of flake.

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40

Аджамский, Сергей Викторович. "РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ SLM - ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ОБРАЗЦОВ ИЗ ЖАРОПРОЧНОГО СПЛАВА INCONEL 718, ПРИМЕНЯЕМОГО В АВИАЦИОННО-КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНИКЕ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 2 (22 квітня 2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.2.09.

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The new production method, called additive technologies, is a method with the ability to produce 3D products in layers. One of the most widely used methods for the additive production of metal products is selective laser melting. To melt the metal in the form of a powder, use a ytterbium fiber laser with a power of 200 to 1000 W, the radiation of which with the help of mirrors on a high-speed drive is focused to the required place. The subject of research was the possibility of creating products from the heat-resistant alloy INCONEL 718 by the method of layer-by-layer fusion on the equipment produced by LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine». The material for research was a test sample made by the SLM method (laser selective melting) by layer-by-layer fusion of the metal powder of the heat-resistant alloy INCONEL 718 with the laser beam. Research methods: microstructural analysis by light microscope Carl Zeiss AXIOVERT M200 MAT, particle size analysis by scanning electron microscope REM 106, the microstructure was detected by etching in CuSO4 + HCl. Objective: to establish the possibility of manufacturing a high-quality sample of alloy INCONEL 718, the study of its porosity and microstructure as the main indicators of print quality. Results: it was found that the equipment produced by LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine» allows to implement the SLM process and to manufacture products from INCONEL 718 alloy with high metal density. The study of the microstructure in the planes parallel and perpendicular to the direction of sample construction was performed. Conclusions: additive technologies are promising for the creation of parts and structures for aerospace technology, allowing to reduce the time and cost of their design and creation. The possibility of creating high-quality products from INCONEL 718 alloy using the SLM method at the installation of the production of LLC «Additive Laser Technology of Ukraine» (Dnipro) is shown. The interrelation of process parameters and microstructure is shown, which necessitates the development of reasonable SLM process modes for products for various purposes

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41

Plastun, Tatiana, and Andrii Bykov. "Creation and analysis of a flight attendant platform." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Dynamics and Strength of Machines, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-9130.2021.1.238969.

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Flight simulators have been used for a long time to train pilots of any type of aircraft. This type of training is more economical. The flight simulator improves control skills in extreme situations with minimal risks for the future pilot. Training on a flight simulator makes it possible to reproduce adverse weather conditions at any time. The pilot is on the ground in a special cockpit, which is mounted on a movable platform. This system is needed to ensure flight conditions as close to real as possible. The subject of the research in the article is an aviation simulator on the Stewart platform. The aim is to create and analyze an flight simulator platform using software. The paper presents the already existing flight simulator and its characteristics. Taking into account its dimensions and weight, the platform is modeled in SolidWorks. The kinematic diagram of the type design (6-6) is selected and presented. The basic equation of dynamics for calculating platform motion law for given values of the control forces is given. Also using this equation it is possible to find the controlling forces knowing the law of motion. The developed 3D model consists of two platforms, a movable and a stationary one. The legs with automatically variable length are attached to the platform using hinges. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Static analysis of the loaded platform was performed. By loaded platform is meant that in the places where the simulator and the pi-lot's seat are installed, loads equal in weight to the simulator and the maximum weight of the seat with the pilot are applied. The anal-ysis includes such epurfaces: loads to assess whether the structure can support a given weight, displacement, deformation, safety margins and a Design Insight plot to evaluate design details. Identification of elements that are most likely to start collapsing under the weight of the simulator. The research was performed using SolidWorks Simulation software. Based on the data obtained from the plot, conclusions were made about the performance and safety of the developed platform.

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42

Hida, Moritaka, and Eiichi Sukedai. "Creation and Annihilation of ω Zones in As-quenched Ti-14 mass%Mo Alloy." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 51, no. 9 (1987): 881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.51.9_881.

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43

Ikeda, Shunsuke, Mark Romanelli, David Cinquegrani, Megumi Sekine, Masafumi Kumaki, Yasuhiro Fuwa, Naoya Munemoto, et al. "Creation of mixed beam from alloy target and couple of pure targets with laser." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 2 (February 2014): 02B913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4833015.

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44

OVCHINNIKOV, V. V., N. V. UCHEVATKINA, M. YU SLEZKO, E. V. LUKYANENKO, S. V. YAKUTINA, and I. A. KURBATOVA. "INFLUENCE OF PRELIMINARY ULTRASONIC PROCESSING OF VT6 TITANIUM ALLOY ON THE STRUCTURE OF A SURFACE LAYER AFTER IMPLANTATION." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-342-4-2-3-17.

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The article presents a study on the implantation of silver titanium alloy VT6. It has been shown that ion implantation contributes to the creation of compressive stresses in the surface layer of the target, which makes it possible to increase the endurance indices of the processed alloy under alternating loads. Ultrasonic processing leads to the formation of a nanostructured layer on the surface of a VT6 alloy target. As a result of ultrasonic impact treatment, the structure of the surface layer undergoes significant changes.

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45

Esmaily, M., and Ali Shokuhfar. "Ultra Fine Grain via Friction Stir Processing of 7075-T6 Grade Aluminum Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1116.

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In this research work, characterization of a broad area zone with ultra fine grain size of 7075-T6 grade aluminum sheets with the thickness of 8 mm was carried out using friction stir processing (FSP) and quenching by liquid nitrogen on both, i.e. upper and lower, surfaces. In the first step, ability and competence of two tools with different designs in creating a stir zone without any defects were examined; selected samples were exposed to FSP by efficient tools and in a highly extensive quenching media. Friction stir processing was carried out on the samples in three different rates (fast, medium and slow), the mechanism of ultra fine grain size as well as the creation of dislocation in thermo-mechanical affected zone was evaluated. Micro structural evaluation using transmission electron microscopy showed that the samples exposed to FSP in slow manner, had the finest grain size (20 nm) in the stir zone, and the lowest amount of dislocation in the thermo-mechanical affected zone. More details are discussed in the presented results.

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46

Kuznetsov, Sergey A. "Electrochemistry of refractory metals in molten salts: Application for the creation of new and functional materials." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 8 (July 19, 2009): 1423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-09.

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The processes of refractory metal complex electroreduction in transition from chloride to chloride–fluoride and oxofluoride melts have been studied. Decrease of the stage number of process complex electroreduction to metal and the possibility of a large number of electrons transferred in a single electrochemical stage on increasing the melt basicity has been established. It was shown that decreasing the stage number of electrode processes can be achieved by the change in anion composition (the first coordination sphere) and, in a number of cases, by the change in the cation composition (the second coordination sphere). With the melt basicity increase, a transition from reversible processes of the complex to metal discharge irreversible ones is observed, as a rule. The knowledge of electrode and chemical reactions accompanying the electroreduction of refractory metals and the study of the processes of alloy formation allow us to obtain novel niobium compounds and functional materials.

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47

Soodi, Mehdi, Syed H. Masood, and Milan Brandt. "Tensile strength of functionally graded and wafer layered structures produced by direct metal deposition." Rapid Prototyping Journal 20, no. 5 (August 12, 2014): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2013-0014.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the changes in tensile properties of novel functionally graded materials (FGMs) and wafer structures created by direct metal deposition (DMD) additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Design/methodology/approach – Laser-assisted DMD was used to create two innovative sets of metallic structures – the functionally graded and wafer-layered structures – using pairs of six different engineering alloys in different combinations. These alloys were selected due to their high popularity within a diverse range of industries and engineering applications. The laser-assisted DMD was selected as a suitable technique to create these complex structures because of its capability to deposit more than one alloy powder at a time. After creation of these structures, their tensile strength was tested in a series of tensile tests and the results were compared with those of single alloy samples. Findings – It was observed that the mechanical properties of FGMs and wafer structure samples were clearly different from those of the single alloy samples, a fact which creates a whole pool of opportunities for development of new materials or structures with desired mechanical properties that cannot be achieved in single alloy parts. Originality/value – The study demonstrates the application of the DMD process to produce unique structures and materials, which would be high in demand in engineering applications, where metallic parts are exposed to high loads and where excessive tensile stresses may adversely affect the performance of such parts.

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48

FUJII, Yasumitsu, Hiroyuki TODA, and Toshiro KOBAYASHI. "Creation of aluminum alloy by severe plastic deformation of cutting chip and its mechanical properties." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 53, no. 9 (2003): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.53.368.

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49

Kveglis, L. I., R. B. Abylkalykova, A. V. Djes, M. N. Volochaev, and A. G. Cherkov. "The Reason of Sign-Variable Thermoelectric Effect in Fe86Mn13C Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 871 (December 2013): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.226.

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The unique electrical and magnetic properties Fe86Mn13C alloy (Hadfild's steel) are due to special modulated structure. The alloy is widely used in mechanical engineering. Complex studies of the structure and properties of the alloy both in bulk samples and thin-films are suggested to describe the creation of a deformation martensite structure in Fe86Mn13C alloy in the form of self-assembled clusters. It is shown that combinations of anti-ferromagnetic austenite and ferrimagnetic martensite of deformation create unique electric and magnetic properties of Fe86Mn13C alloy both in bulk and in a thin-film state. We seek to explain the reason for the change of the sign of thermoelectric effect depending on temperature. Our task is to investigate thin Fe86Mn13C films as a possible solution to the problems of spintronics.

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50

Murzin, Serguei P., Alexander A. Igolkin, and Luiza F. Musaakhunova. "Creation of Submicroporous and Nanoporous Structures in Metallic Materials by Laser Thermocycling as Eutectic Is Reached." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.245.

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The possibilities of forming submicroporous and nanoporous structures in metallic materials by laser thermocycling as eutecticis reached were determined. With the implementation of the selected modes of laser treatment on L62 brass samples with a thickness of 50 µm leads to the formation of wrinkled relief, which indicates an increment of alloy volume in this area, that is, a porosity increment in the metallic material. Submicroporous and nanoporous structures are formed in the copper-zinc L62 alloy sample, which appear on the surface of the sample. Nanopores have a shape similar to equiaxial. Submicropores are formed as a result of nanopores merger. A relief is formed on the surface consisting of depressions having a shape similar to that of a hemisphere and a linear structure, oriented along the direction of rolling process.

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