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1
Conrad, Kendon J., Pi-Ju Liu, and Madelyn Iris. "Examining the Role of Substance Abuse in Elder Mistreatment: Results From Mistreatment Investigations." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 366–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Substance abuse has long been identified as a risk factor for elder mistreatment, yet research on the topic remains sparse. This study tested hypotheses whether perpetrator and victim substance use problems were associated with financial exploitation, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect versus no abuse. Cross-sectional data were collected on 948 cases with yes/no substantiation decisions where 357 cases had no abuse in elder mistreatment investigations. Hypotheses were tested using odds ratios, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses including a control for victim vulnerability. Of 948 alleged victims, 42 (4.4%) exhibited signs of substance use problems. Among the 323 alleged perpetrators, 87 (26.9%) were reported to have substance use problems. Substance use problems by alleged perpetrators were associated ( p < .01) with financial exploitation, physical abuse, and emotional abuse but not neglect. Substance use problems by alleged victims were associated with neglect, but not the other types. Alleged perpetrators with substance use problems tended to commit multiple forms of abuse, were male and not caregivers. Except for the findings on neglect, the associations with elder mistreatment were stronger for alleged perpetrators with substance use problems, than for alleged victims. Clarification of the role of perpetrator risk factors such as substance abuse should improve risk identification and subsequent intervention.
2
Weintraub, Jennifer N. "Obstructing Justice: The Association Between Prosecutorial Misconduct and the Identification of True Perpetrators." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 9 (January 22, 2020): 1195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719901107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prosecutorial misconduct is a potential barrier to identifying true perpetrators of crimes in wrongful conviction cases. Previous theories posit that pressures on prosecutors to carry out their role as ministers of justice in an adversarial system can incentivize misconduct and disincentivize postconviction cooperation, especially regarding alleged misconduct at trial. This study empirically tests how prosecutorial misconduct at trial can affect postconviction proceedings by analyzing the relation between prosecutorial misconduct alleged at trial and the identification of a true perpetrator postconviction in DNA exoneration cases. Results demonstrate that, as predicted, prosecutorial misconduct is associated with a decrease in the odds of true perpetrator identification. This work further underscores the need for the implementation of functional policy to deter prosecutorial misconduct.
3
Jaudes, P. Kienberger, and M. Martone. "Interdisciplinary Evaluations of Alleged Sexual Abuse Cases." Pediatrics 89, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.6.1164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Children who are alleged to have been sexually abused often go through gruelling interrogations to relate their experiences to adults and, even then, most are not viewed as reliable sources of information. The Victim Sensitive Interviewing Program (VSIP) was initiated to decrease the number of interviews endured by a child who allegedly had been sexually abused. The program brought together the disciplines involved in the evaluation of these cases: hospital-based social worker and pediatrician, state child protective agency worker, police, and assistant state's attorney. This team established a protocol for an investigative interview to be conducted by a team member. Pre-VSIP sexual abuse evaluations from 1985 and 1986 (38) were compared with VSIP evaluations (226) from 1987 and 1988. There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to gender or age of victim, physical symptoms, physical findings, sexually transmitted diseases present, age of perpetrator, or length of stay in hospital. However, there were significant differences between the two groups in (1) number of interviews, 11% pre-VSIP vs 79% VSIP receiving only one interview (P < .001); (2) number of interviewers, 24% pre-VSIP vs 88% VSIP were interviewed by only one interviewer (P < .001); (3) indicated cases of sexual abuse, 68% pre-VSIP vs 88% VSIP (P < .006); (4) identification of the perpetrator, 71% pre-VSIP vs 85% VSIP (P < .035); and (5) charges pressed if perpetrator identified, 33% pre-VSIP vs 60% VSIP (P < .010). It is concluded that interdisciplinary evaluations of alleged sexual abuse in children not only decreased the number of interviews a child must undergo but also increased the likelihood of indicated cases, identification of the perpetrator, and charges being pressed. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that interdisciplinary teams be formed to assess alleged sexual abuse in children.
4
Al-Jilaihawi, Sarah, Kevin Borg, Katharine Jamieson, Sabine Maguire, and Deborah Hodes. "Clinical characteristics of children presenting with a suspicion or allegation of historic sexual abuse." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 6 (November 7, 2017): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionPolice-recorded sexual offences against children and young people (CYP) increased 85% in the UK between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Many children delay disclosure, but little data are available regarding characteristics of CYP presenting with historic child sexual abuse (CSA).AimTo identify the clinical and CSA-related characteristics of CYP presenting with a suspicion or allegation of historic CSA.MethodData were collected on all CYP<17 years presenting with suspected or alleged historic CSA (ie, >3 days since last sexual assault in prepubertal children, >7 days pubertal girls) between October 2009 and November 2014. Data collected: source and indication for referral, alleged perpetrator, physical findings. Findings supportive of CSA were peer reviewed for consensus agreement. Analysis: χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression.ResultsAmong 249 CYP, presentation with physical/behavioural symptoms was associated with age <13 years (p<0.01), and alleged penetration with ages 13–17 years (p<0.01). Where known, time since alleged CSA ranged from 1 week to 13 months. Anogenital findings supportive of CSA were present in 7% of examined children (16/233), significantly associated with alleged penetration (p<0.01) and more likely with increasing age (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.72). Additionally, where tested, sexually transmitted infections (STI) were detected in 2.6% CYP (3/116). Alleged perpetrators were intrafamilial in 66% (126/190). No associations were identified between perpetrator type and gender (p=1.0), age (p=0.7) or indication for referral (p=0.35).ConclusionsDespite significant time delay since the alleged CSA, this study highlights the persistence of anogenital findings supportive of CSA in 7% and STIs in 2.6% of CYP.
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Pathak, Professor Bishnu. "World’s Disappearance Commissions: An Inhumanious Quest for Truth." World Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 3 (June 8, 2016): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v3n3p274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><em>Enforced </em><em>D</em><em>isappearance (ED) is a crime against humanity. </em><em>It has been a long, but neglected history. It is a denial </em><em>of all access to the families, lawyers and the like. </em><em>The families of </em><em>ED persons </em><em>recall the whereabouts the fate of their loved ones dawn to dusk. </em><em>A total of 54 post-countries have experienced having Truth Commissions. Such Commissions identify, investigate and reveal the past wrongdoings hoping to resolve crises. Out of these, 15 Truth Commissions were or are formed focusing more on ED persons to provide justice to the families of the victims and to end impunity prosecuting the (alleged) perpetrators. Ironically, the (alleged) perpetrators have received justice, but families of victims are further victimized. </em><em>The paper is prepared based on the victim-centric approach following the human security theories: Freedom to Perpetrator, Freedom of Perpetrator-Victim, and Freedom at Victim. The Freedom to Perpetrator includes Algeria, Colombia, East-Timor, El Salvador, Jambu-Kashmir, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Uganda and Uruguay; Freedom of Perpetrator-Victim comprises Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru; and Freedom at Victim consists of Nepal.</em><em> Besides, amnesty and reconciliation measures were studied to analyze the failed, moderated and successful Truth Commissions. Nepal’s disappearance Commission has neither amnesty nor reconciliation provision.</em></p>
6
Roberto, Karen A., and Pamela B. Teaster. "ELDER ABUSE AND THE OPIOID CRISIS: PERPETRATORS WHO ARE SUBSTANCE USERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Substance abuse, particularly the diversion/abuse of prescription drugs along with illicit opioid deviates by alleged perpetrators has been identified as is a risk factor for elder abuse. The purpose of this study was to characterize cases of elder abuse substantiated by APS in which the perpetrator used opioids and related substances. Guided by the Contextual Theory of Elder Abuse, we conducted a within-case/across-cases thematic analysis of Kentucky APS caseworkers’ notes on 40 substantiated cases of elder abuse. Financial exploitation was the most commonly identified type of abused associated with perpetrators who abuse opioids. Findings revealed that most cases of elder abuse occurred when the perpetrators’ substance abuse intersected with employment status, complex family relationships, and a history of altercations with the law. Findings provide new insights into a more elaborate conception of the ways in which the opioid epidemic is contributing to the perpetration of elder abuse today.
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Rubanzana, Wilson, Bethany L. Hedt-Gauthier, Joseph Ntaganira, and Michael D. Freeman. "Exposure to Genocide as a Risk Factor for Homicide Perpetration in Rwanda: A Population-Based Case–Control Study." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 12 (December 16, 2015): 1855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515619749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A population-based case-control study was conducted to assess the relationship between genocide exposure and homicide perpetration in Rwanda. A sample of 150 homicide perpetrators who were charged with and confessed to having committed homicide between 1 May 2011 and 31 May 2013 and 450 controls were enrolled. Cases were matched to controls by neighborhood, age and sex. Socio-demographic, background and genocide-related information was collected from study subjects’ next of kin. Four characteristics of genocide exposure were: genocide survivor, genocide perpetrator, having lost a first-degree relative to genocide and having a first-degree relative convicted of genocide. We assessed the impact of each genocide-exposure variable using conditional logistic regression. Of the 150 cases, 124 (82.7%) were male and 26 (17.3%) were female. The mean age of the alleged homicide perpetrators was 33 years, with a peak in the age group 20-29 years (39.3%). After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and past common criminal records, having a first-degree relative who had been convicted of genocide crimes was a significant predictor for homicide perpetration (odds ratio [OR] = 14.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-129.4). Being a genocide perpetrator, a genocide survivor and having lost a first-degree family member to genocide were not identified as risk factors for homicide perpetration. In Rwanda, young people who experienced early exposure to trauma by witnessing their first-degree relatives’ active participation in the genocide, are more likely to commit homicide. Socio-economic and psychotherapeutic programs targeting this population group are needed to rehabilitate these young people for violent behavior change.
8
O'Bryan, David, and Jeffrey J. Quirin. "The Obvious Fraud Revisited: The Admission-Seeking Interview." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 14, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v14i4.10205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
E.Z. Pickens Conglomerate, S.A. is a large, multi-national manufacturing organization. Approximately six months ago an anonymous tip was left on the company’s fraud hotline. The tip pertained to a division manager of the company who had allegedly perpetrated a fraudulent vendor scheme in collaboration with their significant other. Your company’s internal audit department conducted a review of the vendor file, corroborated the allegation, and forwarded their findings to your department. You supervised a complete investigation into the matter which will now culminate with an admission-seeking interview of the fraudster. Your task is to review the investigative file, prepare to confront the alleged perpetrator, and then conduct the admission-seeking interview to obtain an oral and written confession.
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Yamawaki, Niwako, Christina Riley, Claudia Rasmussen, and Mary Cook. "The Effects of Obesity Myths on Perceptions of Sexual Assault Victims and Perpetrators’ Credibility." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 4 (December 10, 2015): 662–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515613343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the effects of obesity myths on blame attribution and the perceived credibility of both an alleged sexual assault victim and her perpetrator. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three sexual assault scenarios (in which either the victim or the perpetrator was described as obese and one in which both were described as obese) and responded to questions measuring the blame attribution and perceived the credibility of both individuals. A main effect of scenario was found on the perpetrator’s credibility, indicating that participants rated the obese perpetrator as more credible when the victim was obese in comparison with when the victim was nonobese. However, no main effect of scenario was found on the victim’s credibility and blame attribution, denoting that the victim’s or perpetrator’s weight did not influence participants’ perceptions of the victim’s credibility or blame attribution. The belief in obesity myths was the most significant predictor of victim blaming. However, differing patterns of the effects of obesity myths were found on the victim’s credibility and the perpetrator’s credibility. The belief in obesity myths was a significant predictor only when the victim was obese, whereas it was not a significant predictor in the scenarios where both the victim and the perpetrator were obese or the perpetrator was obese and the victim was nonobese. As for the perpetrator’s credibility, the belief of obesity myths was not a significant predictor. Instead, the scenario was a significant predictor. Implications of obesity-myth endorsement in relation to sexual assault are discussed.
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Abner, Erin L., Pamela B. Teaster, Marta S. Mendiondo, Holly Ramsey-Klawsnik, Jennifer L. Marcum, Tim N. Crawford, and Tenzin Wangmo. "Victim, Allegation, and Investigation Characteristics Associated With Substantiated Reports of Sexual Abuse of Adults in Residential Care Settings." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 19 (October 17, 2016): 3995–4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516672051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of investigations of sexual abuse concerning vulnerable adults residing in facility settings that were associated with case substantiation. Data on 410 reports of sexual abuse were collected prospectively from Adult Protective Services (APS) and state licensure agency staff in New Hampshire, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin over a six-month period. Specifically, we examined differences between reports that were substantiated and those that were not by comparing characteristics of alleged victims, alleged perpetrators, and aspects of investigation using logistic regression. We found that a relatively low proportion of cases (18%) were substantiated overall. Compared to cases that were not substantiated, cases that were substantiated were more likely to feature nursing home residents, older victims, female victims, and allegations of physical contact between the alleged perpetrator and victim. Despite the high proportion of alleged perpetrators who were facility staff (51%) compared to resident perpetrators (25%), cases with resident-to-resident allegations of abuse were much more likely to be substantiated, accounting for 63% of substantiated cases. In light of these findings, we believe it is important that investigators are trained to handle sexual abuse cases appropriately and that they are able to investigate the case thoroughly, promptly, and with as much information as possible. It is also critical that investigators make substantiation decisions using the appropriate standard for confirmation (e.g., preponderance of the evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, clear and convincing evidence) as state law dictates.
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Morgan, Louise, Sophie Khadr, and Susan Bewley. "Child sexual assault reported to an acute sexual assault referral centre in London." Archives of Disease in Childhood 102, no. 2 (October 13, 2016): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveTo describe demographic and assault-related characteristics of children attending an acute sexual assault referral centre in London within a week of alleged sexual assault.DesignRetrospective case note review of all children aged 12 years and under who reported between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013.Main outcome measuresAge, sex, ethnicity, drugs and alcohol around the time of assault, nature of offence, relationship with perpetrator, additional violence, verbal threats, presence of injury.Results176 children attended; 80% were female. Perpetrators were known casually to the victim in almost half of cases (49%) and familial assault was reported in 55 cases (31%). 43% of boys and 28% of girls reported that the perpetrator was under the age of 16 years. Familial domestic violence was reported by 17%, and more boys (26%) than girls (14%) were reported to have a learning difficulty. Extragenital injury was found in 14% and anogenital injury in 17%.ConclusionsThis study provides an important overview of young children referred for forensic medical examination in the week following an allegation of sexual assault. Rates of learning difficulty and domestic violence were relatively high, and alcohol and drug use was rare. A large number of alleged perpetrators were young themselves. Additional violence was not common, and rates of injury were low. There may be important differences in sexual offences against boys and girls. Further research is necessary, as is greater case identification and referral for services.
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Angelone, D. J., Damon Mitchell, and Danielle Smith. "The Influence of Gender Ideology, Victim Resistance, and Spiking a Drink on Acquaintance Rape Attributions." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 20 (February 24, 2016): 3186–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516635318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study examined observer’s attributions about the victim and perpetrator of an alleged acquaintance rape. Participants included 504 college students from a public university in the northeastern United States who read a brief crime report and completed a series of questionnaires for course credit. While men tended to attribute more blame to the victim than women, gender ideology emerged as a stronger predictor of rape attributions, and some types of sexist beliefs were associated with greater victim blaming and others with less victim blaming. Endorsement of hostile sexism, rape myths, and heterosexual intimacy was generally associated with the attribution of greater victim culpability, as well as less perpetrator culpability, perpetrator criminality, and victim credibility. However, complementary gender differentiation was associated with greater perpetrator culpability and criminality, while protective paternalism was associated with greater victim credibility. Observers attributed lower victim culpability and greater perpetrator criminality when the victim’s drink was spiked, and attributed greater perpetrator culpability when the victim verbally resisted the perpetrator’s advances. Given the implications that observer attitudes can have on professional and personal support for survivors, as well as juror decision making, the ongoing examination of the complex interplay between the person and situational factors affecting attributions of rape is essential. Sexual assault prevention programs may also benefit from a psychoeducational component that targets reducing traditional gender ideology.
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Franiuk, Renae, Austin Luca, and Shelby Robinson. "The Effects of Victim and Perpetrator Characteristics on Ratings of Guilt in a Sexual Assault Case." Violence Against Women 26, no. 6-7 (April 4, 2019): 614–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219840439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scholars have long investigated how perceptions of the victim affect judgments in a sexual assault case, but little research has investigated perceptions of the perpetrator. Participants ( N = 322) read a scenario about an alleged sexual assault that manipulated victim behavior (speed of reporting) and perpetrator characteristics (athlete status and celebrity status) and then made judgments about the victim and perpetrator. Results showed that victim behavior was the most important factor in judgments. Furthermore, significant three-way interactions suggested that participants may attend to perpetrator characteristics but only when the victim’s behavior is consistent with stereotypes about sexual assault victims.
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Warburton-Wynn, Amanda. "Sexual assault of older people by hospital staff in England." Journal of Adult Protection 24, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-11-2021-0040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the findings of this research. A research paper was published in October 2021 highlighting results of freedom of information (FOI) requests sent to National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in England. The FOI requests asked for the number of incidents of sexual assault reported by hospitals where the victim was aged over 60 and the alleged perpetrator was a member of staff. Design/methodology/approach The methodology involved sending FOI requests to all 206 NHS hospital Trusts in England requesting information on reported incidents of sexual assault against patients over 60 years old from 2016/17 to 20/21, where the alleged perpetrator was a member of staff (including agency staff). Along with the number of reports, the FOI request also asked for the sex of the victim and alleged perpetrator, whether the incident was reported to police, the outcome of the police investigation and whether any internal disciplinary processes were followed. Findings Of the hospitals that responded with some data (others were nil return), 56 individual reports meeting the criteria of the FOI were identified. A further 19 hospitals advised that they held reports of such incidents but, under general data protection regulations, they were unable to disclose exact numbers, but they were less than 5, some hospitals said less than 10, so the research can only count one for each of these. The resulting findings are that there were at least 75 reports of sexual assault on patients over 60 by hospital staff in the past five years. The findings also show that whilst the majority of victims were female, 30% were male and that a disappointing number were reported to police – only 16. Of these, 14 were closed as “No Further Action” by the police. Originality/value Whilst there has been some research into sexual violence against older people, most notably by Dr Hannah Bows, the issue of sexual assault happening whilst in hospital perpetrated by hospital staff has not been studied.
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Gajmer, Pooja. "Sex Assault and Offenders–An Overview of Victim-offender Relationship on Cases of Sexual Offences." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, no. 02 (December 25, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sexual crimes against women and children are one of the most common crimes that occur in India today. Everyday newspaper articles, news shows on television, and social media keep reporting about sexual assaults and rape incidents. In all these crimes being reported, one thing constantly stands out: the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. When any person thinks about a crime as vicious as rape, they generally associate the perpetrator being a stranger but in reality, what is seen is that the assailant is most often known to the victim. The aims and objectives were to study the relationship of the victim with the offender and analyze this relation further in terms of particulars of the relationship and social demographics. This study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Guwahati Medical College, and Hospital for a period of one year in cases of female victims of alleged sexual crimes brought for medico-legal examination. From the 140 cases studied, it was found that 129 cases had known offenders, most victims were minors, illiterate, from rural areas, and belonging to lower economic strata, severity of injuries were higher with unknown offenders. It was concluded that most sexual crimes are thought to being perpetrated by strangers, but this study shows the opposite, and the people closest to the victim are often the ones who are the perpetrators.
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van der Merwe, H. J. "The Show Must Not Go On: Complementarity, the Due Process Thesis and Overzealous Domestic Prosecutions." International Criminal Law Review 15, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 40–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01406004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There exists a measure of uncertainty as to whether flawed domestic proceedings in respect of alleged perpetrators of international crimes may constitute ‘unwillingness’ in terms of the International Criminal Court’s complementarity regime, in particular where such proceedings are conducted in a manner that is detrimental to the alleged perpetrator. This article canvasses the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as well as various theories that have addressed this issue. Although due process violations in domestic proceedings do not per se render a case admissible before the ICC, the article suggests that the conjunctive requirements of Article 17(2)(c) of the Rome Statute, and, ex post facto, Article 20(3)(b), may be interpreted to provide for the admissibility of egregious and deliberate violations of due process in domestic proceedings that remove or significantly diminish the risk of losing normally carried by the prosecuting authority.
17
Süssenbach, Philipp, Friederike Eyssel, Jonas Rees, and Gerd Bohner. "Looking for Blame: Rape Myth Acceptance and Attention to Victim and Perpetrator." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 15 (June 30, 2015): 2323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515591975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In two studies, the authors examined the influence of rape myth acceptance (RMA) on participants’ attention toward the potential victim versus perpetrator in a rape case. In Study 1 ( N = 90), participants selected information that focused on either the male defendant or the female victim. With increasing RMA, participants preferred information that focused on the victim rather than the defendant. In Study 2 ( N = 41), participants viewed photographs depicting both victim and defendant while their eye movements were recorded. With increasing RMA, participants spent less time inspecting the defendant relative to the victim. In both studies, higher RMA predicted stronger anti-victim and pro-defendant judgments, replicating previous research. Taken together, these results support the assumption that RMA guides participants’ attention, leading to a focus on the alleged rape victim and away from the alleged perpetrator. Implications of the current research and future directions are discussed.
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Seregig, I. Ketut, Bambang Hartono, and Yustina Ndari. "POLICY ON OVERCOMING VILLAGE BUDGET DEVIATIONS BY THE GOVERNMENT INTERNAL SUPERVISORY APPARATUS IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY OF TANJUNGSARI VILLAGE, LAMPUNG)." Cepalo 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v5no1.2211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption is deeply rooted in Indonesia. This fact is undeniable when this crime has occurred at the lowest government level, namely in the village government. One sample of cases raised in this study is the alleged Corruption Crime committed by the Head of Tanjungsari Natar Village, South Lampung, named Robangi. The problems examined in this alleged criminal act are the factors causing the perpetrator to commit the criminal act of corruption. Second, the pattern of countermeasures carried out by APIP in resolving the case. The method used is qualitative and in the research data collection using a normative juridical approach and empirical juridical. Meanwhile, the theory used as a knife of analysis is the theory of Non-Penal Policy proposed by Muladi and Barda Nawawi Arief, which states that "non-penal policy is the prevention of crime which prioritizes the prevention of crimes committed by guidance, aims to prevent before the crime occurs, and/or the perpetrator does not repeat his actions".The results showed that the factors causing the perpetrator to commit these acts were because the project implementation was not following the proposal, the use of funds was not per the project proposal (total loss), the reason was that at the request of the community, the planned construction was moved to another place. This act is procedurally violating the SOP for the management of state finances. However, empirical facts prove no state loss in the corruption crime allegedly committed by the village head. Based on these facts, APIP South Lampung Regency has implemented a countermeasures policy by imposing administrative sanctions on the village head of Tanjungsari, Natar District, South Lampung.
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Saunders, Edward. "Celebrity, Scriptedness and Alleged Sexual Violence in Ghost-Written Autobiographies by Julian Assange and Samantha Geimer." European Journal of Life Writing 4 (May 2, 2015): VC85—VC107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.4.159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores issues relating to the way scripts of sexual violence are employed or rejected in auto/biographical writing. It addresses ghost-written autobiographical responses to two famously unresolved cases of alleged male–female rape: those of Julian Assange and Roman Polanski. In both cases, the alleged perpetrator was a famous man and the allegation of rape has not conclusively been proven in court. The article looks at rape as a narratological problem beyond the definition or symbolic meaning of the crime, and contrasts the narration from the perspective of an alleged perpetrator (Assange) with that of a victim (Samantha Geimer), addressing the way the act of sexual violence becomes a point of orientation in the lives of both – perhaps disproportionately so. In both cases, the management of the autobiographical account through the use of ghost-writers focuses attention on the constructed nature of the life narrative. In cases relating to famous men, reflecting the impact of media reporting is a necessary counterpart to the consideration of the auto/biographical text. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 7 July 2014 and published on 2 May 2015.
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Stuart, Shannon M., Blake M. McKimmie, and Barbara M. Masser. "Rape Perpetrators on Trial: The Effect of Sexual Assault–Related Schemas on Attributions of Blame." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 310–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research has consistently shown that jurors are influenced by multiple schemas in cases of alleged sexual assault, including offense stereotypes and victim stereotypes. These schemas appear to be organized in a hierarchy, as victim stereotypicality seems to matter most in acquaintance assaults (counter-stereotypical offense). However, despite numerous studies demonstrating the impact of defendant stereotypes on juror perceptions of guilt for other crimes, to date, the impact of stereotypes about defendants (perpetrators) in cases involving sexual violence have been overlooked. As such, the current research aimed to build on the existing hierarchical schema model by systematically examining the influence of perpetrator stereotypes. Following pilot work, mock jurors’ ( N = 163) read a rape scenario that varied in terms of offense stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical), victim stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical), and perpetrator stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical). Broadly consistent effects of offense stereotypicality and victim stereotypicality were observed across the outcome measures, such that the victim was perceived more positively and the perpetrator more negatively when the victim was described as being stereotypical and when the offense was described as stereotypical. However, contrary to past findings, the effect of victim stereotypicality did not differ as a function of offense stereotypicality. Furthermore, perpetrator stereotypicality did not influence perceptions in the stereotypical offense scenario. These findings suggest that contrary to the assertions of previous research, there is not a series of specific, individual stereotypes that impact attributions of blame, rather, there may be one underlying schema about consent that influences perceptions. These findings have important implications for how we address the effect of juror-held schemas on attributions of blame in cases of sexual assault.
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Kunst, Jonas R., Lisa S. Myhren, and Ivuoma N. Onyeador. "Simply Insane? Attributing Terrorism to Mental Illness (Versus Ideology) Affects Mental Representations of Race." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 12 (August 19, 2018): 1888–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818794742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mainstream media and public figures are often criticized for readily attributing terrorism committed by White perpetrators to mental illness, while attributing the same behavior committed by non-Whites to ideological motivation. Using a data-driven reverse-correlation approach, we show that attributing terrorism to mental illness results in a phenotypically more White mental representation of the perpetrator as compared with attributing terrorism to ideology or providing no information about its motivation. Importantly, we show that, because terrorists who are described as being motivated by mental illness are perceived as more White than those motivated by ideology, they are subsequently judged as less guilty for alleged terrorist activities. We present further evidence that this effect may be due to perceived Whiteness signaling higher socio-economic status, which reduces perceptions of culpability. In sum, our research demonstrates that extreme violence attributed to unintentional causes is perceptually associated with White perpetrators, leading to leniency in criminal judgments.
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Eric Nseme Etouckey, Haamit Abba-Kabir, Jacqueline Michéle Lowe Nantchouang, Claude-Audrey Meguieze, Esther Voundi Voundi, Isabelle Mekone Nkwele, and Paul Koki Ndombo. "Reporting child victims of abuse in the city of Yaoundé." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: The need to report any suspicion of child abuse is imperative for the medical practitioner. The general objective of our study is to describe the types of reporting of child victims of abuse suffered by children in some referral hospitals in Yaoundé. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, i.e., 5 years, in 4 referral hospitals in Yaoundé. All records of victims of abuse under 18 years of age were included. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Epi-info TM version 7.2 software. Ethical clearance was obtained to conduct our study. Results: Of the 132 victims in our study, the alleged perpetrator was known in 53.0% of cases (70/132). Reporting was done in 48.5% (64/132) of cases and was more frequent if the alleged perpetrator was known (40/70; 57.1%). The administrative reporting procedure predominated over the judicial one, 57.8% (37/64) and 42.2% (27/64) respectively. The arrest of the presumed perpetrator was done only in 23.4% (15/64) of cases, followed by a conviction in 46.7% of cases, i.e. a conviction rate of 5.3% (7/132). The return to the victim's family occurred nearly 8 times/10 (105/132; 79.5%). Conclusion: Reporting was done in less than half of the cases of child maltreatment resulting in a conviction in about 5 cases out of 100. Training and awareness of the practitioner remains a cornerstone in the fight against this scourge
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O’Donohue, William T., Ann N. Elliott, Mona Nickerson, and Susan Valentine. "Perceived Credibility of Children’s Sexual Abuse Allegations: Effects of Gender and Sexual Attitudes." Violence and Victims 7, no. 2 (January 1992): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.7.2.147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated whether sex role stereotyping, adversarial sexual beliefs, acceptance of interpersonal violence, sex of the subject, characteristics of the child (age, sex), and characteristics of the alleged perpetrator (stranger, father) affect judgments of the credibility of children’s reports that they have been sexually abused. Two hundred and fifty-five college students in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement were given the Burt (1980) scales and asked to read a short vignette in which a child alleged that he/she was sexually abused and the accused male denied the abuse. Although the vast majority of subjects indicated that they believed the child was telling the truth, females rated the child’s credibility significantly higher than males F(l, 253) = 6.29, p = .01226. No other significant relationships were found. The results imply that the vast majority of individuals in a college sample tended to believe children’s sexual abuse allegations and that this credibility assessment is not influenced by characteristics of the child or perpetrator examined in this study. Implications of the truncated range of the dependent variable and of the Burt scales are discussed.
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Rogers, Martha L. "The Oude Pekela Incident: Guest Editor's Final Note." Journal of Psychology and Theology 20, no. 3 (September 1992): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719202000323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In her concluding remarks, the author comments on certain troubling details of the sexual allegations in the Oude Pekela case not mentioned by the other responders and offers alternate explanations for some of these details. The therapeutic community needs greater sophistication about victim and perpetrator patterns in order to insure that a scientific approach will be applied to solving cases where child sexual abuse has been alleged.
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Mboua, Batoum Véronique, Junie Annick Metogo, Ngoutane Natacha Ngapout, Félix Essiben, Etouckey Eric Nseme, Nsahlai Christiane, Jeannette Epée, and Ndombo Paul Koki. "Clinical and Mhmedicolegal Management of Sexually Assaulted Children in Yaoundel." European Journal of Health Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.1335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Sexual violence against children is ultimately harmful for child's survival, development, and dignity. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and medico-legal management of child victims of sexual violence, 30 years after the first works on the issue.
Methodology: A retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to May 2020. A consecutive and non-exhaustive recruitment was done. Children aged less than 18 years, admitted for sexual assault in the 04 reference health facilities of the city of Yaoundé were included. The analysis of the collected data was done using the software: Epi-info ™ version 7.2.
Findings: Of the 19187 children received in 5 years in the study’s host hospitals, 88 child survivors of sexual assault were identified. The prevalence of sexual assault was 0.45%. About 87 (98.86%) of the victims were female. All 88 (100%) children received medical-surgical treatment of the physical injuries. hjujuyk8care was received by 60 (68.18%) of them. In 46 (52.27%) of the cases, the perpetrators of sexual assault were known to the victims. For 39 (44.31%) of the victims, a report was made. The alleged perpetrator was arrested in 6 cases (6.81%). One of the alleged perpetrators was convicted. In 86 cases (97.72%), the victim was returned to his or her family. One of the victims was placed in a foster home.
Recommendation: It would be useful to optimise the medico-psychological and medico-legal care of child victims of sexual assault and to facilitate their judicial support.
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Tiscareño-García, Elizabeth, and Oscar-Mario Miranda-Villanueva. "Victims and perpetrators of feminicide in the language of the Mexican written press." Comunicar 28, no. 63 (April 1, 2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c63-2020-05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the language used by national newspapers in Mexico: “El Universal”, “La Jornada”, “Milenio”, and “Reforma”, when addressing the issue of feminicide regarding victims and perpetrators, as well as their relationship with the gender of the reporter and with each newspaper. The research is based on the analysis of qualitative content and the theoretical framework of framing. Categories were built on the type of language in cases of feminicide of 360 journalistic texts published during 2017: 1) Narrative of feminicide; 2) Justification of the perpetrator or alleged perpetrator; 3) Social issues; 4) Blaming the victim. The analysis yielded cases of victim blaming to a lesser extent than those of the perpetrator's justification. Aspects of the narration of feminicide stood out both by the gender of the reporter and by the media in the four newspapers, from two perspectives: 1) The fact, the follow-up, or the context; 2) The fact, legal aspects, and statistics. Reporters, men and women, tend to justify the perpetrator; male reporters blame the victim more than female reporters; and female reporters contextualize feminicide through social issues: social violence, impunity, and failures in legal processes. “La Jornada” is inclined towards social issues, while “El Universal” tends to justify the perpetrator. En este estudio se investiga el lenguaje que utilizan los periódicos de tirada nacional en México: «El Universal», «La Jornada», «Milenio» y «Reforma», al momento de abordar el tema del feminicidio con respecto a víctimas y victimarios o presuntos victimarios, así como su relación con el género del reportero y con cada periódico. La investigación se apoya en el análisis de contenido cualitativo, y el marco teórico-conceptual del «framing». Se construyeron categorías sobre el tipo de lenguaje en casos de feminicidios de 360 textos periodísticos publicados durante 2017: 1) Narrativa del feminicidio; 2) Justificación del victimario o presunto victimario; 3) Problemática social; 4) Culpabilización de la víctima. El análisis arrojó casos de culpabilización de la víctima en menor proporción que los de la justificación del victimario. Sobresalieron aspectos de la narración del feminicidio tanto por el género del reportero como por el medio en los cuatro periódicos, desde dos perspectivas: 1) El hecho, el seguimiento o el contexto; 2) El hecho, los aspectos legales y la estadística. Reportero y reportera tienden a justificar al victimario; el reportero culpabiliza más a la víctima que la reportera; y la reportera contextualiza más el feminicidio a través de la problemática social: violencia social, impunidad y fallas en los procesos legales. «La Jornada» se inclina por la problemática social, mientras que «El Universal» tiende a la justificación del victimario.
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Kim, Youn Shin, Jin Yu, Ha Ri Jeong, and Kyoung-Won Ryu. "Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy as a Cause of Child Abuse." Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 45, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2021.45.4.103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a rare form of mental disorder and is known as a particular type of child abuse. MSBP has been described since 1977 as a severe form of abuse with illness falsification or the intentional harming by guardians, mostly mothers. The perpetrator of MSBP may inflict damage to the child directly or indirectly through medical procedures. The perpetrator’s alleged motive is to satisfy her psychological needs, and she has a history of mental illness, mostly, factitious disorder, personality disorder, and somatic disorder. The pathology is not well known; as such, it is difficult for medical personnel to detect it early. In addition, it is hard to be handled effectively by the police and child welfare agencies because of the scarcity of evidence. Therefore, the authors attempt to examine the essential information from early detection and child abuse prevention by analyzing its clinical characteristics and the perpetrator’s characteristics, including alerting signs of MSBP. For this purpose, we focus on the role of nursing staff to detect this unusual cause of child abuse.
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Muharman, Nadia, Zakirah Azman, and Tari Aulia Sari. "Strategi Humas Polsek Bendahara dalam Menciptakan Citra Positif Dimata Masyarakat Pasca Kasus Tewasnya Pelaku Dugaan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika." Jurnal Peurawi: Media Kajian Komunikasi Islam 4, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jp.v4i2.10442.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study entitled "Public Relations Of Bendahara Sector Police's Strategies In Creating A Positive Image In The Eyes Of The Public After The Death Of The Alleged Drug Abuse Perpetrator Case" with the aim of finding out the strategies carried out by the Bendahara Sector Police's Public Relations in creating a positive image in the public after the death of the alleged perpetrator of Narcotics abuse. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique in this study was done by using interviews with the head of Public Relations of the Bendahara Sector Police and the General Section Chief Public Relation of Bendahara Sector Police. The determination of informant was chosen using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there were seven PR strategies used by the Public Relations of the Bendahara Sector Police, namely visiting victims' families regularly, approaching community leaders, counseling in turns to villages, saweusikula (visiting schools) activities, approaching Aceh Tamiang news journalists, uploading activities documentation to social media, and providing donations and assistance to local communities in need. There were several obstacles for the Public Relations of the Bendahara SectorPolice in carrying out the strategies that had been designed, namely the lack of facilities and the lack of personnel in charge of the Public Relations sector or department.
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St. George, Suzanne, Anastacia Garcia-Johnson, Emily Denne, and Stacia N. Stolzenberg. "“Did You Ever Fight Back?” Jurors’ Questions to Children Testifying in Criminal Trials About Alleged Sexual Abuse." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 8 (July 6, 2020): 1032–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820935960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study examined jurors’ questions to children in criminal trials assessing children’s allegations of sexual abuse, demonstrating a new avenue for studying how jurors think about, respond to, and assess evidence. We used qualitative content analysis to examine jurors’ questions to 134, 5- to 17-year-olds alleging sexual abuse in criminal trial testimonies. Five themes emerged: abuse interactions, contextual details of abuse, children’s reactions to abuse, children’s (delayed) disclosure, and case background details. Jurors often ask about abuse dynamics, the context surrounding abuse, and children’s disclosure processes, reflecting common misconceptions about child sexual abuse (CSA), such as whether it is credible to delay disclosure or maintain contact with an alleged perpetrator. This study improves our understanding of how jurors understand and evaluate children’s reports of alleged CSA, suggesting that jurors may struggle to understand children’s reluctance.
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Rohanachandra, Y., I. Amarabandu, and P. B. Dassanayake. "Child sexual abuse presenting to a teaching hospital in colombo, Sri Lanka." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S631—S632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionChild sexual abuse is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka, with prevalence rates ranging from 14-44%.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the victim and perpetrator characteristics, pattern of disclosure and psychological consequences of sexual abuse in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.MethodsThis was a retrospective file review study of 164 victims who presented to a Teaching Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka, with alleged sexual abuse over a period of 5 years from 2015-2019.ResultsMajority of the victims were female and older than 12 years. Majority (73.6%) have been subjected to penetrative sexual abuse with 58.5% of victims reporting more than one incident of abuse. Almost all (99.9%) of the perpetrators were male, with 94.5% being known to the child. Only 42.7% (n=70) of the children revealed about the incident within the first week. Delayed disclosure (i.e. more than 1 week since the incident) was significantly higher in penetrative abuse (p<0.01), multiple incidents of abuse (p<0.01) and in abuse by a known person (p<0.05). Children who disclosed after one week were significantly less likely to disclose about the incident spontaneously (p<0.01). Psychological sequel was seen in 28.7%, with depression being the commonest diagnosis (8.5%). Psychological consequences were significantly in higher those who had physical evidence of abuse (p<0.01), delayed (after 1 week) disclosure (p<0.05) and in those who did not disclose spontaneously (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe victim and perpetrator characteristics, pattern of disclosure is comparable with previous literature.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Galaznik, John G. "Implications of Occult Cranial Injuries for Perpetrator Identification in Cases of Alleged Abusive Head Trauma." Southern Medical Journal 103, no. 6 (June 2010): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e3181de0c0d.
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Bornstein, Brian H., and Stephanie L. Muller. "The credibility of recovered memory testimony: exploring the effects of alleged victim and perpetrator gender." Child Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 11 (November 2001): 1415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00282-4.
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Flusberg, Stephen J., James van der Vord, Sarah Q. Husney, and Kevin J. Holmes. "Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault." Psychological Science 33, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976211045935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
People accused of sexual assault are often described as the “real” victim by their defenders, but the impact of “victim framing” on public opinion is unknown. We investigated this issue across four experiments ( N = 2,614). Online U.S. adult participants read a report about an alleged sexual assault that framed the female accuser as the victim (of assault), framed the male alleged perpetrator as the victim (of false accusations), or was neutral about victimhood (baseline). Relative to those in the baseline condition, participants in the assault- and allegation-victim conditions generally expressed more support for the victim-framed protagonist and less support for the other protagonist. The consistency of these effects varied with how often the victim frame was instantiated and whether the report described a fictionalized or real-world case. Across all contexts, however, participants who identified the victim-related language as influencing their evaluations exhibited strong framing effects. This suggests that social-pragmatic reasoning is a key mechanism by which victim framing shapes moral judgments.
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Irhammudin and Ibrahim Fikma Edrisy. "TINJAUAN HUKUM ATAS PROSES PENYIDIKAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA YANG DIDUGA MENGALAMI GANGGUAN KEJIWAAN." PRANATA HUKUM 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v15i2.227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Article 44 of the Penal Order stipulates that it is not punishable for anyone acting in a state of disficed or impaired soul due to a disease. Article 44 of the Criminal War clearly mentions one of the possible restrictions on a person's ability to account for his or her actions before the law. The research methods used in this study are normative approaches and empirical approaches. The data sources in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. The problem is, in the process of investigating the perpetrator of a crime suspected of having a psychiatric disorder and whether the legal consequences arising from the investigation of a criminal suspected of having a psychiatric disorder. The results of this study show that the investigation of suspected criminals with psychiatric disorders in accordance with sop investigations ranging from summons, arrest, detention, seizure, examination, requesting forensic expert information, shooting suspects and submiting case files to the court. As a result of the law that arises from the investigation of the perpetrator of the alleged criminal disorder based on the expert's description in this case forensic experts through psychological examination of the psychological condition of the perpetrator which from the results of Visum et Repertum Psychiatricum states that the suspect is in a healthy condition of his soul and continues the investigation process.
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Chang, E.-Shien, Lisa Rachmuth, Yuichi Seki, Sandy Regenbogen-Weiss, Serena Ross, Lina Irias, Mark Lachs, and Tony Rosen. "INITIAL EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRST HELPLINE DEVOTED TO SUPPORTING CONCERNED PERSONS IN THE LIVES OF ELDER ABUSE VICTIMS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Elder abuse is common and can deeply impact older adults who experience it. Little is known, however, about another group that may be profoundly affected: non-abusing family members, friends, and neighbors, referred to as “concerned persons”. We describe the initial experience of the first telephone helpline in the U.S. devoted to supporting these concerned persons. The New York City Elder Abuse Center developed a Concerned Persons Helpline to assist concerned persons and alleged victims in New York State. Using this frontline call data, we examined characteristics of concerned persons, circumstances surrounding alleged abuse, and interventions offered. Overall, the helpline received 864 total calls (16.6 calls per week) over a one-year period between 10/1/20 to 9/31/21. An initial subset of 149 logged calls were used for this exploratory analysis. Concerned persons most commonly reported that an older adult in their life was suffering from financial exploitation (28.9% of all callers), followed by caregiver neglect (26.2%), with 42.2% reporting poly-victimization. Relationship of callers to alleged victims was most commonly non-abusing adult child (37.6%), followed by other relatives (13.4%), friends (12.8%), and neighbors (10.0%). An adult child was also the most commonly reported perpetrator (36.9%). A large proportion of alleged victims suffered from cognitive impairment and/or physical disabilities (55.7%). Intervention provided included referrals to social services, civil and legal services, victim assistance programs, and caregiver counseling programs. Developing resources to support concerned persons should continue to be a research and practice priority in elder abuse.
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Arbanas, Goran, Paula Marinović, and Nadica Buzina. "Forensic psychiatric evaluations of people charged with rape in Croatia." Medicine, Science and the Law 62, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00258024211049849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Sexual violence is a substantial public health problem that is associated with a major impact on victims, and in Croatia, more than half of reported cases of sexual violence involve rape. To help understand their general profiles and consider any implications arising, the aim of this research was to describe the forensic psychiatric characteristics of people charged with rape. Methods: All evaluations of people charged with rape and sent for evaluation at the largest assessment centre in Croatia during the period 2010–2018 were analysed ( n = 56). Results: Alleged offences most often took place in a perpetrator or victim's home (71%), while the next most frequent location was the street (15%). Over 80% of alleged victims were known to the accused. Alcohol use and abuse were present in 73% of the accused, and 29% were drinking at the time of the alleged offence. Alcohol-related disorders were presented in 38% of the accused, while 38% had a personal history of drug use, and antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders were present in 48% and 29%, respectively. Psychotic disorders were rare (1.8%). Most of the accused were found to be criminally responsible; however, forensic psychiatric assessment procedures were inadequate when considering psychosexual assessments. Conclusions: Interventions based around public health and education should be considered in this field, and forensic psychiatric assessments should be prioritized for improvement.
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Petersson, Joakim, Susanne Strand, and Heidi Selenius. "Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparison of Antisocial and Family-Only Perpetrators." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 2 (March 27, 2016): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subtyping male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) based on their generality of violence could facilitate the difficult task of matching perpetrator subtype with efficient risk management strategies. As such, the aim of the present study was to compare antisocial and family-only male perpetrators of interpersonal violence in terms of (a) demographic and legal characteristics, (b) risk factors for violence, and (c) assessed risk and the importance of specific risk factors for violence. A quantitative design was used in this retrospective register study on data obtained from the Swedish police. Risk assessments performed with the Swedish version of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) and police registers were used. A sample of 657 male alleged IPV perpetrators were classified as antisocial ( n = 341) or family-only ( n = 316) based on their generality of violence. The results showed that the antisocial perpetrators were significantly younger, as well as more psychologically abusive. Antisocial perpetrators also had significantly more present risk factors for IPV, and were assessed with a significantly higher risk for acute and severe or deadly IPV, compared with the family-only perpetrators. The subtypes also evidenced unique risk factors with a significant impact on elevated risk for acute and severe or deadly such violence. Key findings in the present study concerned the subtypes evidencing unique risk factors increasing the risk for acute and severe or deadly IPV. Major implications of this study include the findings of such unique “red flag” risk factors for each subtype. To prevent future IPV, it is vital for the risk assessor to be aware of these red flags when making decisions about risk, as well as risk management strategies.
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Fila, Krzysztof. "The age of the juvenile offender as a basis for a presumption of legal possibility of incurring criminal liability in the light of the draft amendment to the Criminal Code of 2019." Probacja 4 (June 5, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Amending Act of the Penal Code of 2019 introduces legislative modifications, including in the scope of rules functioning in the area of criminal law of juvenile offenders for the crimes they committed. These changes were directed at increasing the repressiveness of actions against juvenile offenders, which is manifested in the introduction of an obligatory additional criminal law and a relatively mandatory premise to apply criminal liability in relation to the aforementioned group of perpetrators, which significantly limits the possibility of implementing the principle of accurate criminal law response in cases where the use of criminal law as an ultima ratio seems inadvisable. The indicated relationship is presented in the article through the prism of the theoretical and legal construction of the presumption of law, which combines facts related to the age of the perpetrator with the alleged facts of the culpability, and as a consequence the ability to incur criminal liability on the principles provided for in the code, at the expense of e.g. liability regulated in the Act on proceedings in juvenile rights. The author postulates that this relationship should be reversed, which appears as a legislative challenge that can significantly reduce the level of repressiveness of regulations contained in the Amending Act.
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Lewis, Colin J., Simon J. Roberts, Hazel Andrews, and Rebecca Sawiuk. "A Creative Writing Case Study of Gender-Based Violence in Coach Education: Stacey’s Story." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 28, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2018-0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Creative nonfiction writing is the literary technique employed in this article to explore insights and assist our understanding of an “alleged” sexual assault in a sport coach education environment. Creative nonfiction employs various narrative tools—characters, setting, figurative language, sequences of events, plot, sub-plot, and dialogue—designed to render the sensitive and controversial elements of sexual assault significant. Readers are, therefore, invited to engage with Stacey’s Story and reflect on the actions of both the perpetrator(s) and the victim. While there are risks associated with the sharing of stories, especially those which are considered dangerous, it is envisaged that Stacey’s Story will be viewed as an opportunity to develop more critical responses and advance our understanding of gender-based violence in sport.
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Bajerlein, Daria, Maria Wojterska, Łukasz Grewling, and Mikołaj Kokociński. "Forensic botany: current state of knowledge and possible applications in investigative practice." Issues of Forensic Science 289 (2015): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2015.289.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forensic botany is a science that studies biological traces of plant origin with regard to their practical usefulness as evidence used in judicial proceedings. Among the disciplines of forensic botany, the following have the widest application: palynology, plant anatomy, diatomology, plant ecology and plant molecular biology. It has been shown that the knowledge of plants can be used to determine the connections between the alleged perpetrator, victim and crime scene. In practice, the methods of forensic botany have been used to identify locations where the hostages were held or the sites of concealment of a corpse, distinguish between the place of the incident and that where the victim was abandoned, identify the perpetrator, the cause and time of death, unravel drug distribution networks, clarify the circumstances of plant and animal smuggling as well as war crimes. Despite the fact that the suitability of forensic botany for determining the circumstances of criminal events has been repeatedly confirmed, this science remains largely underestimated and scarcely used. This article presents the current state of knowledge in the field of forensic botany, characterizes its specific disciplines, possibilities and limitations relating to the application of the methods of forensic botany in investigative practice as well as outlines the perspectives of its further development.
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Tiffon, Bernat-N. "Crime against a minor and dissociative phenomenon due to the combined effect of toxic consumption by the offender." South Florida Journal of Health 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46981/sfjhv3n1-003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The casuistry deals with an aggressor with a long history of the combined consumption of toxic substances of cocaine and alcohol, who perpetrated the murder of a minor under 13 years of age. The victim was assaulted while she was going down the stairs of a block of flats and was taken, against her will, to the aggressor's home.
Regardless of the motive for the assault, the perpetrator restrained the victim, choked her with a dog leash until she asphixiated. Subsequently, he gave her multiple postmortem puncture wounds with a knife, one of which was a grave stab into the left ear (breaking the knife, with the blade remaining inside the auditory organ) and another wound in the left chest. In the autopsy, the introduction of a ballpoint pen into the minor's trachea was also appreciated.
The aggressor, who was evaluated directly by the writer, stated that, although aware of his conduct "because he was told a posteriori of the consequences of his actions", he maintained that he had no recollection of the alleged events.
Likewise, he stated that he was in a critical and/or adverse psychosocial situation due to the recent death of his mother and that, due to this, the pattern of use and abuse of toxic substances (cocaine and alcohol) had increased.
42
Alwy, Muhammad Rijaldy. "THE ‘AFW PRINCIPLE AND THE INDONESIAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE SYSTEM: A RESTORATIVE JUSTICE OBJECTIVE." JURNAL HUKUM ISLAM 19, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v19i2.5021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explains the implementation of the 'afw principle, a forgiveness principle known in Islamic criminal law, as an objective of Restorative Justice. Although the restorative justice has not been regulated in specific and comprehensive legislation in Indonesia, the restorative justice is currently regulated in at least three different institutional regulations, including the Circular Letter of the Chief of the Indonesian Police Number SE/8/VII/2018 (SE Kapolri), the Regulation of Indonesian Attorney Number 15 of 2020 (Perja), and the Decree of the Director General of the General Judiciary Body Number 1691/DJU/SK/PS.00/12/2020 (SK Dirjen Badilum). The three regulations provide a broad and slightly different explanation of how restorative justice objective is, which is likely to be interpreted in different means. However, the three institutional regulations have a similar approach to reconcile the victim and the perpetrator. The reconciliation seems to be a predominant restorative justice objective to enforce a criminal offence in Indonesia. The reconciliation is also deemed a final process of restorative justice, so the victims are perceived to have no further interest in charging the perpetrator with the criminal case. This article believes that the ‘afw principle can be implemented as a complement objective of restorative justice. Apologising for what the perpetrator committed to the victim and the forgiveness from the victim on what the perpetrator committed are essential bases of the ‘afw principle to realise the expected reconciliation. This research uses a doctrinal methodology by analysing primary data sources, such as Indonesian legislation and Islamic sources of law, and secondary sources from relevant literature. The result indicates that there has not been comprehensive Indonesian legislation on restorative justice, particularly in terms of the objective. Incorporating the 'afw principle as a restorative justice objective will provide more sense of justice for the victim and the alleged offender. Therefore, as a part of Indonesian criminal law reform, alongside the reconciliation approach as the final phase of the restorative justice process, the 'afw principle can be established as one of the objectives of restorative justice enforcement in Indonesia.
43
van der Wilt, Harmen. "Nullum Crimen and International Criminal Law: The Relevance of the Foreseeability Test." Nordic Journal of International Law 84, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 515–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08403007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article traces the development of the foreseeability test in the context of the nullum crimen principle. While the European Court of Human Rights has introduced the ‘accessibility and foreseeability’ criteria long ago in the Sunday Times case, the Court has only recently started to apply this standard with respect to international crimes. In the Kononov case, judges of the European Court of Human Rights exhibited strongly divergent opinions on the question whether the punishment of alleged war crimes that had been committed in 1944 violated the nullum crimen principle. According to this author, the dissension of the judges demonstrates the lack of objective foreseeability, which should have served as a starting point for the assessment of the subjective foreseeability and a – potentially exculpating – mistake of law of the perpetrator. The Court should therefore have concluded that the nullum crimen principle had been violated.
44
Ang, Gillian, and Helen Malson. "Discursive construction of sexual assault: A qualitative analysis of news media reporting of ‘the Kavanaugh Case’." Psychology of Women and Equalities Section Review 3, no. 1-2 (May 2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspowe.2020.3.1-2.64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Media coverage of sexual violence in political contexts has previously been shown to sensationalise the events by focusing on the impact ‘the scandal’ may have on a politician’s reputation and career rather than on the narrative of the victim. In late 2018, another political scandal appeared in newspapers worldwide, covering Brett Kavanaugh’s alleged sexual assault on Christine Blasey Ford. This paper aims to explore how Blasey Ford’s allegations and the subsequent hearing which came to be known as ‘the Kavanaugh case’ were discursively constructed in UK national newspapers between 13 September 2018 and 24 October 2018. A feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis of 94 articles from UK’s 10 top-circulating national newspapers was employed to explore how heteropatriarchal power relations are continuously perpetuated within UK newspapers through instances of humanising of the perpetrator and framing allegations of sexual misconduct as (only) political game-playing.
45
Haryani, Rini, M. Surip, and Syairal Fahmy Dalimunthe. "Analisis Wacana Kritis Sara Mills Berita Guru Mengaji di Aceh Utara Diduga Berkali-Kali Perkosa Santri Usia 15 Tahun." MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 6, no. 2 (August 26, 2022): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v6i2.5328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the discourse of feminism, which describes how the position of women is expressed in the text. The news contained explaining the incident of rape on students carried out by the Quran teacher which was alleged to have been done repeatedly, the news became the material object of this research. Discourse analysis is a qualitative approach to analysis that considers the meaning of the text. Each text, in essence, can be understood differently, in various ways. Material objects are analyzed using the Sara Mills point of view. The result of the research shows that the perspective of women shows the weak position of women. Even though the incident was indeed carried out by the perpetrator based on the victim's testimony, it has an impact on the view or image of a woman who remains bad in the eyes of the reader even though it is a woman who is a victim.
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Sánchez Frías, Alejandro. "Bringing Terrorists to Justice in the Context of Armed Conflict: Interaction between International Humanitarian Law and the UN Conventions Against Terrorism." Israel Law Review 53, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223719000220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The participation of foreign fighters on the side of terrorist groups has raised many questions about the legal basis for the criminal prosecution of acts of terror during armed conflicts. In cases regarding the commission of terrorist crimes with transnational elements, such as the foreign nationality of the alleged perpetrator, cooperation with other states in matters such as extradition or mutual legal assistance can be crucial. This study will analyse two regimes that may constitute a legal basis for cooperation in criminal matters against acts of terror committed during armed conflicts: (i) the rules on criminal responsibility under international humanitarian law (IHL), and (ii) the United Nations framework of anti-terrorist conventions. IHL has been seen by many as the only framework applicable to acts committed during armed conflicts. In contrast, the position adopted in this article is that IHL does not necessarily exclude the application of other regimes to acts committed during armed conflicts, which can serve as a complementary tool in international efforts for the prevention and suppression of terrorism.
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Thastum, Mikael, Marlene Beyer, and Annie Vesterby Charles. "Families coping with the forensic anogenital colposcopic examination." Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjfs-2013-0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: The anogenital colposcopic examination is not a routine procedure in the ordinary examination of children, and knowledge is sparse regarding child and parental anticipation and coping. Methodology: The study included 60 children aged 4 - 15 years of age, examined on grounds of alleged sexual abuse, during a two year period. The physician rated the child using the Procedure Behavioral Rating Scale (PBRS). In addition, the child and parent completed a questionnaire concerning their experience. Principal findings: Mean PBRS score was 1.3. Significant positive correlations were found between the parental expectations to the child’s anxiety regarding the examination, and the children’s anxiety, the experience of the examination being bad/ugly and the experience of pain during the examination. Significantly higher PBRS scores were found in the group with no perpetrator conviction. Conclusions: High levels of parental and child distress emphasizes the need for better preparatory and stress reducing procedures, to avoid possible re-victimization and negative influence of parental anticipatory anxiety on the child. The finding of significantly higher PBRS scores in the group with no conviction could indicate, that lack of behavioral distress might be related to the possibility of sexual abuse.
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Hartono, M. Rudi, and Lilis Winantri. "Analisis Laporan Kepolisian No: B.210 /VIII/2018/JAMBI/SPKT.C Mengenai Alasan Dihentikannya Penyidikan Perkara Perkosaan Anak." Wajah Hukum 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i2.705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The police are part of the criminal justice system as contained in the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and other laws, this system has the power to conduct investigations and investigations of crimes. The investigative authority is applied to the perpetrator in a criminal act or the investigative authority is enforced, and the case has been coordinated with the public prosecutor since the first wave of investigation. The same mistake. The criminal cases studied in this paper are based on the author's research data at the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation, Sub-Directorate IV of the Jambi Regional Police. This involves the Police Report Letter No: LP/B/210/VIII/2018/Jambi/SPKT “C” which contains the alleged crime of rape or intercourse with a minor. Perpetrators are threatened with articles 81 and 82 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 (Revised Law on Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2002). Investigators may still encounter obstacles in investigating criminal acts of raping a suspect or having sex with a minor. Not all criminal cases of rape or sexual intercourse of minors that are handled at the investigation level can be transferred to the court by the prosecutor as a public prosecutor in the process of further investigation. In this case, investigators at Sub-Directorate IV of the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation (Ditreskrimum) of the Jambi Regional Police also have the authority to not continue the investigation process or stop the investigation (SP3) in this criminal case based on considerations that the criminal case processed is not a criminal act, lack of evidence or other legal considerations. The objectives of this study are: First of all, I want to know and analyze how investigators handle cases of child rape perpetrators (case investigation, police report number: B. 2018 / Jambi / SPKT “C”). Child rape is (Police Report Number: B.210 / VIII/2018 / Jambi / SPKT "C"). The research method used in this research is Socio Legal Research, which is studying the practice of law or legislation that applies in the social life of the community. Descriptive research specifications, namely describing and analyzing a legal event that has occurred by describing the existing events.
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Hostler, Sharon L. "Facilitated Communication." Pediatrics 97, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.97.4.584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The optimistic side of FC, that nonspeaking children could miraculously become competent communicators, is unfortunately a myth. The dark side of the phenomenon of FC includes false hope, false communication, family disruption, losses of job and reputation, and inappropriate use of scarce resources.14 Unwitting pediatricians have accepted transcripts of FC that described sexual abuse by family members. The result was removal of the child from the family and prosecution of the alleged perpetrator even though the evidence suggested that the communication came from the facilitator and not from the child.16 As more families seek alternative health care for themselves29 and for their children,30 we pediatricians have the following responsibilities: 1) to become informed about our own community's offerings; 2) to develop a framework for our own evaluation (What is the theory or proposed mechanism? What is the research evidence? What is the cost in money and time? What is the potential harm?);)31 3) to support parents as they evaluate the risks and benefits of nontraditional interventions for their children;32 4) to advocate strongly for controlled evaluations of alternative therapies;33 and 5) to remember the unfortunate consequences of therapies such as facilitated communication when inclined to dismiss a nontraditional treatment as "not doing any harm."
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Cowan, Robert. "Starring Nero as Nero: Poetry, Role-Playing and Identity in Juvenal 8.215-21." Mnemosyne 62, no. 1 (2009): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852508x252849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractJuvenal's synkrisis between Orestes and Nero climaxes with the statement that the former never played Orestes; the implied antithesis, that Nero did play Nero, gains point from the princeps' practice of wearing masks resembling his own face. This blurring of the distinction between 'playing Nero' and 'playing Orestes' problematizes the princeps' identity. This problematization is furthered by the peculiarities of Orestes, who in various tragic plots repeatedly either plays other roles or is himself impersonated. This is part of Satire 8's wider exploration of identity as underdetermined by ancestry and the inadequacy of names as signifiers. The further statement that Orestes never wrote a Troica is illuminated by its intertextual engagement with Callimachus Epigr. 59 G-P, in which the poet's loss of his 'Pyladeses' through writing a play contrasts with Orestes' omission of this final act of madness. The Callimachean Orestes thus keeps distinct the roles of tragedian and tragic hero, poet and character, thereby foregrounding Nero's failure to maintain this distinction. By blurring his identity with that of Paris in both his epic and his alleged burning of Rome, Nero confuses the categories of artist and perpetrator, creator and character, just as he and Orestes confuse those of actor and role.