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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 31 серпня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

Therkildsen, Kasper T. "(Invited) Affordable Green Hydrogen from Alkaline Water Electrolysis: An Industrial Perspective." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (August 9, 2024): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341692mtgabs.

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Electrolysers is a novel component in the energy system and is expected to play a key role in the transition to a fossil free energy system and supply Green Hydrogen to a number of small- and large-scale applications within a number of industries e.g. transportation, industry etc. with several hundreds of GW is projected to be installed towards 2030. Modularity and mass production are key factors for the large scale deployment of electrolysis as envisioned in Hydrogen Strategies across the World. However, a number of different design strategies and modularities can be chosen in order to achieve this. This talk focuses on fundamental aspects of alkaline electrolysis including industrial requirements for catalysts and diaphragms, how to develop an electrolyser product and the development of multi-MW alkaline electrolysers plants with factory assembled modules allowing rapid on-site installation in order to keep up with the pace needed to reach deployment targets.

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Górecki, Krzysztof, Małgorzata Górecka, and Paweł Górecki. "Modelling Properties of an Alkaline Electrolyser." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123073.

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This paper proposes a model of an electrolyser in the form of a subcircuit dedicated for SPICE. It takes into account both the electric static and dynamic properties of the considered device and is devoted to the optimisation of the parameters of the signal feeding this electrolyser, making it possible to obtain a high productivity and efficiency of the electrolysis process. Parameter values the describing current-voltage characteristics of the electrolyser take into account the influence of the concentration of the potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. A detailed description of the structure and all the components of this model is included in the paper. The correctness of the elaborated model is verified experimentally in a wide range of changes in the value of the feeding current and concentration of the KOH solution. Some computations illustrating the influence of the amplitude, average value, duty factor, and frequency of feeding current on the productivity and efficiency of the electrolysis process are performed. On the basis of the obtained results of the investigations, some recommendations for the operating conditions of electrolysers are formulated.

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Felipe Contreras-Vásquez, Luis, Luis Eduardo Escobar-Luna, and Henry Alexander Urquizo-Analuisa. "Evaluation of Alkaline and PEM Electrolysers for Green Hydrogen Production from Hydropower in Ecuador." Medwave 23, S1 (September 1, 2023): eUTA395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2023.s1.uta395.

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Introducción The yearly increase in energy demand has encouraged the scientific community to find new sources of energy production without affecting the environment. Renewable technologies have become extremely popular due to the low greenhouse emissions and availability of natural energy sources (wind, sun, water, earth, tides, etc.), However, because of the intermittent energy generation from renewable sources, it is complex to rely on these technologies to guarantee the energy supply. Therefore, over the last decade, hydrogen has become increasingly studied as an energy carrier to replace current energy production technologies based on fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be easily coupled with other energy sources, increasing the efficiency of the systems. Nevertheless, hydrogen cannot be found in nature on its own and needs to be produced, currently, the most efficient method for green hydrogen generation is based on the electrolysis of water, this electrochemical process relies on the availability of water and the efficiency and correct selection of the electrolyser. Thus, this research evaluates the Alkaline and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysers for green hydrogen generation using water from hydroelectric power plants in Ecuador. Objetivos Evaluate Alkaline and PEM electrolysers for green hydrogen generation from hydroelectric power in Ecuador Método The methodology consists of a literature review of different brands of alkaline and PEM electrolysers selecting the ones with the highest efficiencies. For the analysis of data and information processing, quantitative methods were used. Finally, a sample of 9 hydroelectric plants was obtained for the study (Molino, Mazar, Agoyán, San Francisco, Pucará, La Península, Illuchi N 1, Illuchi N 2, Marcel Laniado). Principales resultados Different electrolyser manufacturers were analysed: Nel ASA producer of alkaline as well as PEM electrolysers, among them several models were evaluated NEL A 300, NEL A 485, NEL A 1000, NEL A 3880 with alkaline technology, and NEL MC 250, NEL M 5000 with PEM technology. H-TECH Electronic Co.Ltd with its model H-TEC HCS 10 using PEM technology. SIEMENS Energy, with its electrolyser technology PEM Silyzer 300 and McPhy with Mclyzer alkaline technology. All models were evaluated with the data from the 9 hydroelectric plants. Using technical data from the selected electrolysers and availability factor (90 %) from the hydroelectric plants, the potential of hydrogen production per year was calculated. The NEL A 3880 model with a system factor of 94% and a power of 14.7 MW displays the highest hydrogen production for alkaline technology, while the NEL MC 250, with an efficiency of 79% and 1 MW of power using PEM technology shows the highest hydrogen generation, these results are achieved for the Agoyan hydroelectric plant. Conclusiones The alkaline electrolysers show a better hydrogen generation capacity, achieving a total of 300 x 10e6 Kg of H2 per year with the NEL A 3880 model, in comparison with the PEM electrolyser technology that accounts for a maximum hydrogen production of 214 x 10e6 Kg of H2 per year. These results from the evaluation of the electrolysers show that it is feasible to establish a system for green hydrogen production based on hydroelectric power plants in Ecuador. The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the Universidad Técnica de Ambato and Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo (DIDE) through the research project number PFICM28 “ANÁLISIS DE FACTIBILIDAD DE GENERACIÓN DE HIDRÓGENO VERDE MEDIANTE FUENTES DE ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA EN EL ECUADOR”.

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Kuleshov, V. N., S. V. Kurochkin, N. V. Kuleshov, A. A. Gavriluk, M. A. Klimova, and S. E. Smirnov. "Hydrophilic fillers for anione exchange membranes of alkaline water electrolyzers." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338902030.

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Alkaline water electrolysers are widespread in many industries, including systems with hydrogen cycle of energy storage. One of the problems of modern alkaline water electrolysers is insufficient purity of generated electrolysis gases relative to electrolysis systems with solid-polymer electrolyte. In this regard, work on modification of existing porous diaphragms is actively carried out. One new area of research is the impregnation of new hydrophilic fillers into the composition of existing diaphragms and the transition to ion-solvate membranes. In this work the synthesis of zirconium hydroxide hydrogel inside a porous diaphragm with the hydrophilic filler TiO2 was carried out. This synthesis makes it possible to obtain a membrane with anion-exchange properties. A possible mechanism of OH- hydroxyl ion transfer by immobilized K+ ion was also proposed. The obtained results demonstrated the resistance of the membrane to concentrated alkaline solutions.

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Rasten, Egil. "(Invited) Shunt-currents in Alkaline Water-Electrolyzers and Renewable Energy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (August 9, 2024): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341871mtgabs.

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Shunt-currents in bipolar cell stack design with a common electrolyte-feed and -outlet is an inevitable physical phenomenon governed by Ohms law that causes some extra challenges when alkaline water-electrolysers shall operate on renewable energy that is both dynamic and intermittent. Shunt-currents are also referred to as bypass-current or creep-current. The shunt-currents are to much degree governed by the electrolyte inside the cell stack manifold system that transports lye in and out of the cells. The electrolyte inside the manifold system also electrically connects the individual cells together and enables transport of ions/electricity in parallel to the cell stack. Thus, a small portion of the rectifier current is being shunted outside the cells and does not contribute to any production. Previous work on shunt-current modelling brought new insight on how to design the manifolds and raised the awareness on shunt-current and the use of metallic manifolds which both reduced the ohmic resistivity of the manifold system and was a source of secondary electrolysis. Classic alkaline water-electrolysers are typically using an internal manifold system where the inlet ports are located at the bottom of the cell stack and the outlet ports are located at the top, and where the ports connecting the cell-interior and the common manifold channel are short and straight. Such design has in the past worked satisfactory for alkaline water-electrolysers that have been working on a high nominal load and only being shut-down for maintenance a few times over the stack-lifetime, mainly causing a modest reduction in the current efficiency. Membrane-chlorine electrolysers on the other hand, are designed for very small shunt-currents by using an external manifold system, which enables a current protection system that protects electrodes from corrosion under shutdown conditions. Shunt-currents bypassing the cell stack does not contribute to any product and therefore constitutes a loss in current efficiency and, hence, an accordingly loss in the energy efficiency (the shunt-currents still adds to the electricity bill). The atmospheric alkaline electrolyser has a modest loss in current efficiency at nominal load where the high gas volume blocks much of the current path in the rather open outlet ports. The high-pressure alkaline electrolysers on the other hand, where the gas volumes are much smaller, the current efficiency can be as low as 89% at nominal load due to shunt-currents when using simple internal manifold system. For an electrolyser with already low current efficiency at the nominal load, the current efficiency will drop dramatically as the electrolyser is taken to lower load, severely compromising the energy efficiency. The impact on shunt-currents also dramatically increases for increased number of cells in a cell stack, and eventually limits the number of cells that can be assembled in one single cell stack operating on the same common lye system. Shutdown and discharge of the electrodes may further lead to corrosion and degradation of the electrodes, strongly influenced by the shunt-currents and the manifold system. Large cell stacks will discharge faster and deeper, eventually causing corrosion of the electrodes. As the cell stack is discharged the current in the cell stack is reversed where the hydrogen electrode is being polarized to anodic potentials, and the oxygen electrode is polarized to low cathodic potentials which eventually may challenging the material stability. Thus, evaluation of electrode potentials must be an integral part of development of industrial electrodes [LeRoy] and especially in intermittent operation where frequent shutdown will occur. A good integration of the manifold system into the cell stack can potentially mitigate both the loss of current efficiency under dynamic operation and the electrode corrosion under intermittent operation.

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Sutka, Andris, Martins Vanags, and Mairis Iesalnieks. "Decoupled Electrolysis Based on Pseudocapacitive Auxiliary Electrodes: Mechanism and Enhancement Strategies." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 54 (December 22, 2023): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02542543mtgabs.

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Hydrogen is the way for connecting the renewable energy plants and consumers. However, achieving cheap, widespread hydrogen production and storage is complicated task. For hydrogen production the alkaline and acidic membrane electrolysers are used most widely. The membrane electrolysers have their limits, for example high standard potential of water splitting reaction, moderate efficiency, high cost and low durability. Decoupling oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) and hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER) is promising strategy to avoid using of membrane. Water electrolysis in separate cells was reported in 2017 by A. Landman et al., reaching the efficiency of 58% [1]. In 2022, we reported for the first time the amphoteric decoupled electrolysis by combining acid and alkaline cells [2]. The efficiency was enhanced due to reduced standard potential for water splitting by realizing HER in acidic environment but OER in alkaline. For maintaining decoupled amphoteric electrolysis, we connected acid and alkaline cell with the primary Pt electrodes and pseudocapacitive auxiliary electrodes (AE). For acid cell the AE electrode based on WO3 was used while for the alkaline cell electrodes based on Ni(OH)2. In proposed electrolyser two separate working cycles can be distinguished – different chemical processes occur at different polarities applied between primary Pt electrodes. The potential for gas generation depends on the polarity of the applied potential due to different chemical processes. In both polarities, hydrogen and oxygen are generated in separate cells. At the first cycle, ions are diffusing into the AEs and gases are generated with the Faradaic efficiency of 98 % and energetical efficiency of 43 %. At the second cycle, ions are released from AEs and gasses are generated with the Faradaic efficiency of 98 % and energetical efficiency of 201 %, providing the total energetical efficiency for whole operation of 71 %. Herein we will discuss the effect of acid OER catalyst or the structure and composition of AEs on the performance of decoupled electrolysis, illuminating the pathways for bringing this concept as the main strategy for water splitting. References [1] A. Landman, H. Dotan, G.E. Shter, M. Wullenkord, A. Houaijia, A. Maljusch, G.S. Grader, A. Rothschild, Photoelectrochemical water splitting in separate oxygen and hydrogen cells, Nature Materials 16 (2017) 646-651. [2] M. Vanags, G. Kulikovskis, J. Kostjukovs, L. Jekabsons, A. Sarakovskis, K. Smits, L. Bikse, A. Šutka, Membrane-less amphoteric decoupled water electrolysis using WO3 and Ni(OH)2 auxiliary electrodes, Energy Environ. Sci., 15 (2022) 2021-2028.

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Maide, Martin, Alise-Valentine Prits, Sreekanth Mandati, and Rainer Küngas. "Multi-Functional Alkaline Electrolysis Setup for Industrially Relevant Testing of Cell Components." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 49 (December 22, 2023): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02493274mtgabs.

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Alkaline electrolysis is an industrially mature and promising method for the production of green hydrogen at scale [1]. Alkaline electrolysers are typically characterized by low investment costs compared to other electrolysis technologies [2]. Despite being used for industrial applications for almost 100 years, the efficiency of alkaline systems can still be significantly improved. To this end, rigorous testing and optimisation of cell components is paramount. Here, we report a multi-functional alkaline electrolysis setup, designed to facilitate testing of various cell components, including electrodes, diaphragms, and catalyst. The setup is a further development of the setup originally reported by Ju et al. [3]. Importantly, the setup allows cell components to be tested under industrially relevant conditions: temperatures up to 80°C, concentrated KOH, pressures of up to 30 barg. The setup features KOH recirculation, a drying column and gas analysers for estimating the purity of produced hydrogen and oxygen. The measurement setup further allows the use of different cell configurations, enabling comparative analysis and the identification of optimal combinations of cell components for specific use-cases. Example experimental results collected at various test conditions, including the EU harmonized test conditions for low-temperature electrolysis cells [4], are reported. References: Mueller-Langer, E. Tzimas, M. Kaltschmitt, S. Peteves, Int. J. Hydrogen En., 32, 3797–3810 (2007). Buttler, H. Spliethoff, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 2440–2454 (2018). Ju, M. V. F. Heinz, L. Pusterla, M. Hofer, B. Fumey, R. Castiglioni, M. Pagani, C. Battaglia, U. F. Vogt, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6 (4), 4829–4837 (2018). Tsotridis, A. Pilenga, EU harmonised protocols for testing of low temperature water electrolysers, EUR 30752 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (2021). Figure 1

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Borm, Oliver, and Stephen B. Harrison. "Reliable off-grid power supply utilizing green hydrogen." Clean Energy 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab025.

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Abstract Green hydrogen produced from wind, solar or hydro power is a suitable electricity storage medium. Hydrogen is typically employed as mid- to long-term energy storage, whereas batteries cover short-term energy storage. Green hydrogen can be produced by any available electrolyser technology [alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC), polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)] if the electrolysis is fed by renewable electricity. If the electrolysis operates under elevated pressure, the simplest way to store the gaseous hydrogen is to feed it directly into an ordinary pressure vessel without any external compression. The most efficient way to generate electricity from hydrogen is by utilizing a fuel cell. PEM fuel cells seem to be the most favourable way to do so. To increase the capacity factor of fuel cells and electrolysers, both functionalities can be integrated into one device by using the same stack. Within this article, different reversible technologies as well as their advantages and readiness levels are presented, and their potential limitations are also discussed.

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Discepoli, Gabriele, Silvia Barbi, Massimo Milani, Monia Montorsi, and Luca Montorsi. "Investigating Sustainable Materials for AEM Electrolysers: Strategies to Improve the Cost and Environmental Impact." Key Engineering Materials 962 (October 12, 2023): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7rkv7m.

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In recent years, the EU policy identified the hydrogen as one of the main energy vectors to support the power production from renewable sources. Coherently, electrolysis is suitable to convert energy in hydrogen with no carbon emission and high purity level. Among the electrolysis technologies, the anion exchange membrane (AEM) seems to be promising for the performance and the development potential at relatively high cost. In the present work, AEM electrolysers, and their technological bottlenecks, have been investigated, in comparison with other electrolysers’ technology such as alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membranes. Major efforts and improvements are investigated about innovative materials design and the corresponding novel approach as main focus of the present review. In particular, this work evaluated new materials design studies, to enhance membrane resistance due to working cycles at temperatures close to 80 °C in alkaline environment, avoiding the employment of toxic and expensive compounds, such as fluorinated polymers. Different strategies have been explored, as tailored membranes could be designed as, for example, the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles or the employment of not-fluorinated copolymers could improve membranes resistance and limit their environmental impact and cost. The comparison among materials’ membrane is actually limited by differences in the environmental conditions in which tests have been conducted, thereafter, this work aims to derive reliable information useful to improve the AEM cell efficiency among long-term working periods.

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Ayyub, Mohd Monis, Andrea Serfőző, Balázs Endrődi, and Csaba Janaky. "Understanding Performance Fading during CO Electrolysis in Zero Gap Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 58 (December 22, 2023): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02582804mtgabs.

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Electrochemical CO reduction (ECOR) can act as a potential bridge between CO2-to-CO technologies and renewable production of C2+ chemicals. Copper has been the most widely studied cathode catalyst for ECOR because of its unique ability to produce multicarbon products. Iridium and nickel are the most-widely used anode materials for acidic and alkaline electrolysis, respectively. However, recent reports on the instability of Ir in alkaline conditions and Ni in near neutral conditions has made it imperative to understand the anodic processes for achieving stable long term operation at high current densities for CO2/CO electrolysers. In this work, our aim was to investigate anode catalysts for ECOR at high current densities in zero gap electrolyser. Commercial Cu nanoparticles (25 nm) was used as the cathode catalysts with Ir black anode in alkaline conditions. Initially, CORR was studied in a hybrid cell with a catalyst coated anion exchange membrane and recirculated catholyte and anolyte. In this cell configuration we observe stable production of ethylene, acetate and ethanol for a total current density of upto 500 mA cm-2. However, in the zero gap electrolyser the catalytic activity decays rapidly (2-3 minutes) and leads to predominance of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Analysis of the cathode and anolyte after electrolysis reveals the dissolution of Ir and subsequent deposition at the cathode. This rapid decay is counter intuitive since the dissolution of Ir in alkaline solutions is very slow and should take a few hours to affect the catalytic activity. More importantly this dissolution of Ir does not happen when Ar is circulated at the cathode instead of CO, which indicates that the Ir dissolution is not entirely due to the alkaline environment. NMR analysis of the anolyte shows the presence of CO reduction products acetate and ethanol. Therefore, it is possible that the presence of CO reduction products could aggravate the Ir dissolution. This study is currently underway to analyse the possible Ir dissolution mechanisms. This is an important observations since Ir is still the most widely used anode catalyst for CO electrolysis. This also stresses on the need to explore alternative anode catalysts and/or design strategies that can circumvent the migration of reduction products to the anode.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

Serdaroglu, Gulcan. "Controlling the microstructure of the porous nickel electrodes in alkaline electrolysers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49141/.

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Ni-based electrodes have been extensively studied for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolysers in an attempt to improve its electrocatalytic activity through alloying it with other metals and/or increasing the surface area. However, the role of microstructure on the electrochemical performance has received little attention. In this study, Ni-based catalysts have been prepared by a powder metallurgy technique including compaction and sintering of a mixture of Ni, starting alloy (consisting of Al3Ni and Al3Ni2) and binder. As-sintered samples were then treated in concentrated alkaline solution for leaching of Al. The microstructural properties are controlled by changing the parameters of the preparation process; i.e. sintering temperature, starting alloy to Ni ratio, leaching temperature and binder properties (concentration and particle size). Increasing the sintering temperature from 625 to 900 °C improved the mechanical strength but also increased the diffusion of Al from Al-rich phases into Ni, resulting in reduced Al-rich phases available after sintering. Since Al can only be leached from Al-rich phases, the specific surface area of micro- and mesopores (with the latter having a size range of 2-14 nm) created during the leaching reduced by almost 90 % from 625 to 900 °C sintering temperature. Although there was a ca. 15 times increase in the specific surface area by increasing the starting alloy concentration from 0 to 60 wt.%, the robustness of catalysts reduced since the compressibility of alloy powder is lower than that of Ni, resulting in increased macroporosity. This suggests that the starting alloy concentration should be in the range of 20-40 wt.% in order to achieve relatively robust and inexpensive porous catalysts without compromising too much the surface area. N2 sorption isotherms showed that leaching at 30 and 50 °C resulted in pores with a slit shape, whilst leaching at 60, 70 and 80 °C lead to ink-bottle pores. This was attributed to increasing leaching rate with higher leaching temperatures in comparison to speed of atomic rearrangement at the surface. Increasing the leaching temperature from 30 to 60 °C improved the specific surface area by almost 4 times, whilst leaching at 60, 70 and 80 °C gave similar surface areas. Greater binder concentrations led to increased macroporosity and surface roughness as well as greater numbers of windows between the adjacent cavities. Consequently, the mechanical strength of porous catalysts reduced due to the decrease in the wall thickness. It was also found that the size of the binder particles influences the robustness of the porous catalysts, with the smaller the binder size the greater the robustness. The comparison of trends in alkaline electrolyser cell voltage and compositional and microstructural properties showed that the surface area has a dominant effect on the electrocatalytic activity for HER in comparison to the composition of Ni-based electrodes. Despite greater Al contents, the cell voltage still decreased with increasing surface areas (with micropores accounting for ca. 80 %). However, it was found that the effective use of micro- and mesopores depends on the pore morphology, with slit-shaped pores being more effectively used during HER in comparison to ink-bottle pores which can be more subject to mass transport limitation. It was shown that H2 bubbles cannot form inside the micro- and mesopores, therefore generated H2 can only leave the pores through diffusion which appears to be favoured by a slit shape in comparison to ink-bottles. It was also found that increasing the amount of large macropores (> 15 μm) is not advantageous to the production of electrodes for alkaline electrolysers as it results in increased electrode thickness and reduced mechanical strength with no measureable improvement in electrochemical performance.

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Kiaee, Mahdi. "Investigation of the cumulative impact of alkaline electrolysers on electrical power systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26885.

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Hydrogen could be the best candidate fuel for our future, especially in the transportation sector. It could be generated using water electrolysers running with power from carbon-free, renewable resources, since this is zero emission at the point of use, and so can help transition from the energy infrastructure available today into an energy world with a growing renewable electricity supply. This work models a highly distributed electrolyser system e.g. an urban hydrogen filling station network, and explores the Demand Side Management (DSM) potential of these electrolysers to improve the performance of the power system operating under the impact of intermittent renewable power generation. A comprehensive literature review has been carried out on the hydrogen economy, electrolysers and the potential role of storage devices in power systems. Three main areas related to alkaline electrolysers working within power systems were identified for further exploration. - Potential role of electrolysers in the existing distribution networks to increase the integrated wind power capacity - Potential role of electrolysers to stabilise the frequency of the power system - Potential role of electrolysers to absorb any surplus, carbon free, generation within the UK electricity networkThe first item of archival value within this work is the identification, presentation and discussion of electrolyser characteristics which are relevant to the introduction of an acceptable control strategy to integrate such electrolyser loads within the power system and thus provide improved performance of the network when exposed to the highly time variable energy supply from renewable sources. Two types of electrolyser made by NEL Hydrogen are detailed: atmospheric and pressurised. Their characteristics are reported in this thesis using the results from experiments designed by the author. In addition, an experiment has also been carried out on a PEM electrolyser available at Strathclyde University to compare its results with the characteristics of the commercial alkaline units. Second, a novel algorithm for sizing, placing and control of electrolysis based hydrogen filling stations operating within radial distribution networks has been proposed and its performance is assessed using a United Kingdom Generic Distribution System (UKGDS) case study. The controller objective is to dispatch alkaline electrolysers appropriately to increase the amount of integrated wind power capacity and reduce the grid losses within the network while satisfying the network constraints and respecting the electrolyser characteristics. In addition, a MATLAB Simulink model has been developed to investigate the impact of alkaline electrolysers as dynamically controlled loads for the stabilisation of system frequency in the case of a sudden loss of generation and also when the power system has high penetrations of wind power. The electrolysers are controlled according to a droop control strategy. A novel approach to determine the aggregate nominal electrolysis demand for frequency stability purposes has also been proposed in this work, and the financial viability of the proposed strategy to control electrolysers has been assessed. Finally, several scenarios have been modelled to investigate the role of electrolysers to absorb surplus power and produce hydrogen for the fuel cell vehicles in the UK in the year 2050. Different wind, solar and nuclear power generation capacities have been considered. On the demand side, different penetration levels of electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell cars have been modelled. The results are discussed and analysed.

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Chade, Daniel Szymon. "Performance and reliability studies of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Raney nickel electrodes for alkaline electrolysers." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25532.

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This PhD main aim was the examination of the Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Raney nickel electrodes samples with strong emphasis on electrochemical characterisation and investigation of the degradation/deactivation mechanisms which occur within the electrodes structure. Nowadays research in alkaline electrolysis mainly aims to improve efficiency, extend durability and decrease the price of electrolyser units. One of the methods to achieve all of these goals is the development of novel electrode types. Raney nickel electrodes manufactured by Force Technology (Denmark) using a novel atmospheric plasma spraying method (APS), have been shown to exhibit good performance with low overpotential towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In comparison to the other electrode production methods APS is considered also to be relatively cheap. To our knowledge, this is the first time APS has been applied for the production of Raney nickel electrodes for water electrolysis. APS is cheaper and simpler than actually used vacuum plasma spraying, making it more suitable for mass production of the electrodes. For a purpose of experimental work the laboratory environment was set-up which consisted of the electrochemical cells and the data acquisition devices. The methods of Tafel extrapolation, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy were applied, that allowed to estimate electrochemical parameters of the samples. Characterisation work concluded, that overall performance of the tested samples have been attributed to the very high electrochemical active area as well as enhanced kinetics obtained for these samples following the chemical and electrochemical activation procedures Investigation of degradation mechanisms work part identified hydrides impact as a main source of deactivation for cathodes. To prevent, this effect techniques of hydrides oxidation and activation of the electrolyte were tested however, neither of them was able to eliminate hydrides impact completely. The overall work is concluded that suppressing hydrides impact should be possible by improving electrodes manufacturing process for example by application of molybdenum coatings. The performed study is supplemented by two additional outcomes. First of them is electrochemical measurement device, which concept was created and initial prototype was built using cheap electronic components. Second one is feasibility study of application of hydrogen storage technologies to increase hybrid wind energy-diesel electricity generation system efficiencies.

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Stemp, Michael C. "Homogeneous catalysis in alkaline water electrolysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ45844.pdf.

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Lumanauw, Daniel. "Hydrogen bubble characterization in alkaline water electrolysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/MQ54129.pdf.

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Fiorentini, Diego. "Development of a polymeric diaphragm for Alkaline Water Electrolysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The importance of new technologies capable of providing clean energy is one of the most difficult and important challenge that science has to take up. The discovery of new green processes or the development of those already in use are common goals, which can partially solve the current climatic problems. The aim of this thesis is to extend the GVS portfolio with a polymeric separator able to improving the performances of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) currently in use, as an alternative to separators produced by competitors. The separator consists of a membrane made of a high temperature resistant and chemically inert techno-polymer and an Inorganic filler. Once the new polymer had been studied to see how it affects the properties of the membrane and the basic information had been obtained, the influence of all the parameters in the preparation of the casting solution and the production process were analyzed. In addition, the most appropriate substrate and production method for the separator were investigated and selected in order to produce the best performing membrane possible. Once the best separator was produced, it was possible to compare it with those produced by competitors, achieving better results in most of the analyses carried out. The prototypes were sent to companies producing cells for the Alkaline Water Electrolysis in order to validate the results obtained internally and carry out stability analyses inside the cells. The next steps after this study will be to industrialize the process developed on a laboratory scale in order to obtain a product that will benefit both the manufacturer and the environment.

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Bradwell, David (David Johnathon). "Liquid metal batteries : ambipolar electrolysis and alkaline earth electroalloying cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62741.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-206).
Three novel forms of liquid metal batteries were conceived, studied, and operated, and their suitability for grid-scale energy storage applications was evaluated. A ZnlITe ambipolar electrolysis cell comprising ZnTe dissolved in molten ZnCl 2 at 500 0C was first investigated by two- and three-electrode electrochemical analysis techniques. The electrochemical behavior of the melt, thermodynamic properties, and kinetic properties were evaluated. A single cell battery was constructed, demonstrating for the first time the simultaneous extraction of two different liquid metals onto electrodes of opposite polarity. Although a low open circuit voltage and high material costs make this approach unsuitable for the intended application, it was found that this electrochemical phenomenon could be utilized in a new recycling process for bimetallic semiconductors. A second type of liquid metal battery was investigated that utilized the potential difference generated by metal alloys of different compositions. MgjlSb cells of this nature were operated at 700 °C, demonstrating that liquid Sb can serve as a positive electrode. Ca,MgIIBi cells also of this nature were studied and a Ca,Mg liquid alloy was successfully used as the negative electrode, permitting the use of Ca as the electroactive species. Thermodynamic and battery performance results suggest that Ca,MgIISb cells have the potential to achieve a sufficient cell voltage, utilize earth abundant materials, and meet the demanding cost and cycle-life requirements for use in grid-scale energy storage applications.
by David J. Bradwell.
Ph.D.

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Davids, Wafeeq. "Consolidated Nanomaterials Synthesized using Nickel micro-wires and Carbon Nanotubes." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9685_1264387931.

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Law, Joseph. "The role of vanadium as a homogeneous catalyst in alkaline water electrolysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/MQ54216.pdf.

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Haug, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of gas purity in alkaline water electrolysis / Philipp Haug." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181514061/34.

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Книги з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

Stemp, Michael Colin. Homogeneous catalysis in alkaline water electrolysis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1997.

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Lumanauw, Daniel. Hydrogen bubble characterization in alkaline water electrolysis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Law, Joseph. The role of vanadium as a homogeneous catalyst in alkaline water electrolysis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Suzuki, Hiroyuki. Production and electrochemical behaviour of Ni-Co-Mo-B amorphous alloys for alkaline water electrolysis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995.

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H, Wendt, and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development., eds. Nickel-net supported cermet diaphragms and distance-free electrode-diaphragm sandwiches for advanced alkaline water electrolysis. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Scale up of distance free electrode diaphragm units for advanced alkaline electrolysis and fuel cell technology. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

Phillips, Robert, William J. F. Gannon, and Charles W. Dunnill. "Chapter 2. Alkaline Electrolysers." In Electrochemical Methods for Hydrogen Production, 28–58. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016049-00028.

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Mamlouk, M., and M. Manolova. "Chapter 6. Alkaline Anionic Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysers." In Electrochemical Methods for Hydrogen Production, 180–252. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016049-00180.

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Guillet, Nicolas, and Pierre Millet. "Alkaline Water Electrolysis." In Hydrogen Production, 117–66. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527676507.ch4.

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Ito, Kohei, Hua Li, and Yan Ming Hao. "Alkaline Water Electrolysis." In Green Energy and Technology, 137–42. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56042-5_9.

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Peng, Shengjie. "Alkaline Water Electrolysis." In Electrochemical Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting, 57–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4468-2_3.

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Deng, Xintao, Fuyuan Yang, Yangyang Li, Jian Dang, and Minggao Ouyang. "Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Cold-Start Process of Alkaline Water Electrolysis System." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 297–311. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_30.

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AbstractIn this paper, a thermal model of commercial alkaline water electrolysis system is presented, including energy and mass balance model between system components and a two-stage graybox model of alkaline electrolyzer. The aim of this work is to study and improve the thermal behavior during cold-start process of electrolysis system. The model is used to simulate the cold-start process under various parametric settings such as electrolyte flow rate and electrolyte volume. Then, several optimization schemes are proposed and evaluated to be promising.

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Cavaliere, Pasquale. "Alkaline Liquid Electrolyte Water Electrolysis." In Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production, 203–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37780-8_5.

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Haarberg, Geir Martin. "Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Production by Molten Salt Electrolysis." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 21–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_451.

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Zhang, Tao, Lingjun Song, Fuyuan Yang, and Yangyang Li. "Study on Configuration and Control Strategy of Electrolyzers in Off-Grid Wind Hydrogen System." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 364–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_35.

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AbstractMulti-electrolyzers system is an effective method to address the problem that the lowest operating point of the alkaline water electrolyzer still is high when the water electrolysis system is coupled with renewable energy. This work proposed different configurations of nominal power and operating strategies of electrolyzers for an off-grid isolated stand-alone wind hydrogen system. The configurations contain different nominal power of electrolyzers rather than the same nominal power. An equal load strategy is proposed and simulated based on the operation characteristics of the alkaline electrolyzer. This strategy could reach the 99% of energy absorption rate.

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Zhang, Anran, Ying Ma, Rui Ding, and Liming Li. "Alkaline Water Electrolysis at Industrial Scale." In Green Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis, 95–107. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003368939-5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

Qiao, Shikang, Yutong Wu, and Junbo Zhou. "Simulation of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on Aspen Plus." In 2024 3rd International Conference on Energy, Power and Electrical Technology (ICEPET), 493–96. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepet61938.2024.10626880.

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Crosa, Giampaolo, Maurizio Lubiano, and Angela Trucco. "Modelling of PV-Powered Water Electrolysers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90906.

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In the near future the hydrogen production by means of advanced water electrolysers powered by renewable hybrid energy systems (Photovoltaic solar/wind) could help to resolve the electricity supply and environmental problems relating to the use of fossil fuels. In the light of this perspective the hydrogen represents an alternative energy carrier, helping to overcome all the problems related to the intermittent nature of solar and wind sources. A non linear dynamic simulator of a photovoltaic-hydrogen energy system has been realised, aiming to provide a useful instrument for the development of innovative strategies for plant control and plant operating guidance. The lumped parameter physical approach has been used, applying the fundamental conservation laws of mass, energy and momentum to every component of the plant. The water electrolyser model has been tailored on the characteristics of an advanced pressurised system, using a Casale Chemicals S.A. advanced cell bipolar design, with alkaline electrolyte (KOH solution), whose mathematical models was described by the authors in previous papers. A first version of this simulator has been improved by introducing a reliable thermal model, able to predict the solar panel temperature profile that affects the PV array performance; the panel model has been modified in order to reproduce precisely the I/V characteristics of any PV module, starting from its nominal data. Thanks to this model improvement, the simulator allowed to be used to maximise the PV power production, evaluating different control strategies: a Maximum Power Point Tracking (M.P.P.T) block has been then introduced in the model to optimise the generated power by the photovoltaic plant. The Joule losses due to the PV field internal wiring and to its feeding connection with the electrolyser have been also considered: it consents to separately compute the energy losses in the different PV-electrolyser coupling configurations, thus evaluating the best panel disposition in order to minimise the electric power dissipation. The simulator proved to be able to robustly predict the performance of the PV-electrolysis system for different configurations, operating conditions and control strategies. A steady-state analysis not appears in fact to be an adequate tool for these purposes.

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Parra-Puerto, Andres, Jack Dawson, Mengjun Gong, Javier Rubio-Garcia, and Anthony Kucernak. "Carbon Materials for Energy Storage from Redox Flow Batteries to Lithium Sulfur Batteries, Catalyst for Alkaline Electrolysers and Hybrid Redox Flow Batteries." In Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS). València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.171.

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d’Amore-Domenech, Rafael, Emilio Navarro, Eleuterio Mora, and Teresa J. Leo. "Alkaline Electrolysis at Sea for Green Hydrogen Production: A Solution to Electrolyte Deterioration." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77209.

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This article illustrates a novel method to produce hydrogen at sea with no carbon footprint, based on alkaline electrolysis, which is the cheapest electrolysis method for in-land hydrogen production, coupled to offshore renewable farms. The novelty of the method presented in this work is the solution to cope with the logistic problem of periodical renewal of the alkaline electrolyte, considered problematic in an offshore context. Such solution consists in the integration of a small chlor-alkali plant to produce new electrolyte in situ. This article describes a proposal to combine alkaline water electrolysis and chlor-alkali processes, first considering both in a separate manner, and then describing and discussing the combined solution, which seeks high efficiency and sustainability.

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Mus, Jorben, Bram Vanhoutte, Sam Schotte, Steven Fevery, Steven K. Latre, Michael Kleemann, and Frank Buysschaert. "Design and Characterisation of an Alkaline Electrolyser." In 2022 11th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera55966.2022.9922902.

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Rabascall, Jordi Béjar, and Gaurav Mirlekar. "Sustainability analysis and simulation of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyser for green hydrogen production." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200015.

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In recent years, green hydrogen has emerged as an important energy carrier for future sustainable development. Due to the possibility of not emitting CO2 during its generation and use, hydrogen is considered a perfect substitute for current fossil fuels. However, a major drawback of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, supplied by renewable electricity, is its limited economic competitiveness compared to conventional energy sources. Therefore, this work focuses on analyzing the sustainability of a green hydrogen production plant, not only considering its environmental parameters, as well as its economic, energy and efficiency parameters. The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is selected as the most promising method of green hydrogen production in the medium and long term. Subsequently, a small-scale production plant is simulated using chemical process simulation software to obtain key data for computing a set of sustainability indicators. The selected indicators are based on the Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the Environmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a Multi-Objective Process Evaluator (GREENSCOPE) methodology and are used to compare the sustainability of the simulated PEM plant with alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) plant. Finally, the process is scaled-up to analyze the feasibility of the simulated PEM system and validated against data to determine the operation of the electrolyser at a large production scale.

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Sethi, Hamza, Muhammad Zulkefal, and Asad Ayub. "Exergy Analysis of an Alkaline Water Electrolysis System." In The 6th Conference on Emerging Materials and Processes (CEMP 2023). Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/materproc2024017013.

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Reddy, G. N., Sadish Shrestha, Bishesh Acharya, Vijaya Krishna Teja Bangi, and Ramesh Guduru. "Analysis of Hydrogen Dry Cell for Alkaline Water Electrolysis." In 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2018.8566705.

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Reddy, G. N., Vijaya Krishna Teja Bangi, and Ramesh Guduru. "Low-maintenance Solar-hydrogen Generator Using Alkaline Water Electrolysis." In 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera47325.2019.8997069.

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Albornoz, Matias, Marco Rivera, Roberto Ramirez, Felipe Varas-Concha, and Patrick Wheeler. "Water Splitting Dynamics of High Voltage Pulsed Alkaline Electrolysis." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXV Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca56767.2022.10006326.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Alkaline Electrolysers"

RIchard Bourgeois, Steven Sanborn, and Eliot Assimakopoulos. Alkaline Electrolysis Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886689.

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Xu, Hui, Judith Lattimer, Yamini Mohan, and Steve McCatty. High-Temperature Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1826376.

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Acevedo, Yaset, Jacob Prosser, Jennie Huya-Kouadio, Kevin McNamara, and Brian James. Hydrogen Production Cost with Alkaline Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2203367.

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Kim, Yu Seung. Scalable Elastomeric Membranes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1423967.

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Mukundan, Rangachary. Accelerated Stress Test (AST) Development for Advanced Liquid Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1844102.

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Dana R. Swalla. Feasibility Study of Hydrogen Production from Existing Nuclear Power Plants Using Alkaline Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945378.

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Pengliang, Sun. Carbon Emission Calculation and Benefit Analysis of Hydrogen Production Project by Electrolysis of Alkaline Water. Envirarxiv, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55800/envirarxiv108.

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