Дисертації з теми "Alimentation et nutrition – Adolescent"
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Morcel, Jules. "Identification de paramètres nutritionnels, d’activité physique et de condition physique à l’adolescence impactant le risque cardiovasculaire à l’âge adulte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS069.pdf.
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death and is mostly caused by the formation of atherogenic plaques. These plaques appear during adolescence, and their growth depends on numerous risk factors, both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable (lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemia, smoking, body mass index). Nutrition, physical activity and fitness are complex elements that have been shown to have a significant impact on modifiable risk factors in mostly cross-sectional studies.Material & Methods: The aim of this study is to identify, in a longitudinal way, parameters of nutrition, physical activity and physical fitness in adolescence that have an impact on adult cardiovascular risk. These analyses are based on data from the HELENA and BELINDA studies. The HELENA study (2006 - 2007) included 3528 adolescents aged from 12.5 to 17.5 years in 10 European countries, and collected extensive nutritional, physical activity, fitness, anthropometric and biological data. The BELINDA study (2016 - 2020) is a nested cohort that repeated the same analyses, a decade later, in 232 subjects from 4 centers (Ghent, Lille, Roma and Zaragoza). Parameters of interest were identified based on bibliographic resources and data available from these two cohorts. Their impact on cardiovascular risk was assessed by a multivariate statistical analysis. Cardiovascular risk was assessed according to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the PDAY (Pathobiological Determinants for Atherosclerosis in Youth) cardiovascular risk score. The parameters identified as most relevant for their potential to predict cardiovascular risk will be the target of more specific studies.Results: The literature analysis identified 13 parameters of interest, including 8 for nutrition, 2 for physical activity and 3 for fitness. Adherence to the diet quality index, planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness were the parameters identified as cardioprotective, in contrary to consumption of ultra-processed foods and upper body muscular strength. An extensive analysis of dietary knowledge highlighted its beneficial long-term impact on adults' blood pressure and dietary behaviour.Discussion: The diet quality index, the planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge, consumption of ultra-processed foods, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body muscular strength in adolescence have all been shown to have a significant impact on cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Early approaches using these tools therefore seem relevant for identifying clusters of populations at-risk and preventing cardiovascular risk from an early age
Gueye, Aliou. "Alimentation durant l'adolescence : facteurs de troubles comportementaux et neurobiologiques à l'âge adulte : modèle animal chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21805/document.
Adolescent diet often contains an excessive amount of palatable food with high caloric and sugar contents. Clinical and epidemiological data show that overconsumption of these large foods and sugar beverage consumption may have consequences in adolescence during which the brain is still maturing.Several studies have shown that sugar overconsumption during adolescence have long lasting effect of disease incidence such as obesity, diabetes … However, little is known in the long lasting effect of behavior disorder related to sugar overconsumption early in life. Therefore we set up an animal model to investigate the long lasting effect of sugar overconsumption during adolescence (PND 30 - 46) in neurobiological and behavioral alterations at adulthood. Our results reveal that chronic free access to sugar during adolescence decreases motivation and induce a vertical downshift of dose response curve for natural sweet and no sweet solution at adulthood with no behaviour consequences for pharmacological reward such as cocaine. These behavioral alterations are specific: 1) to the 5% sucrose concentration which is the more rewarding dose in our rats; 2) to a long access to 5% sucrose because only these alterations of behavior are observed after 12h et 24h/day access but not after 2h/day access; 3) to the sweet taste of the solution exposure during adolescence but not to its caloric effect since saccharine (a no caloric and sweet solution) induces these behavioral alterations; 4) to the adolescent period because we show no effect when adult rats have access to a sucrose solution; 5) is not dependent on the rearing conditions during adolescence since singly housed or group housed rats show the same behavioural disorder. We also show that these long lasting behavioral alterations to palatable foods are associated to anxiogenic-like behaviors and a depressive-like state evaluated in the Novelty suppressed feeding test and the forced swimming test respectively. Chronic imipramine treatment from the end of adolescence onwards (PND 47) prevents this behavioral disorder. Immunohistochemical studies show that sucrose exposure during adolescence decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and imipramine treatment restores this deficit. These results suggest the importance of diet during adolescence in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders at adulthood. Given our high sweet environment, all these data suggest that considerable effort must be conducted to control early life initiation of sugar
Desbouys, Lucille. "Disparités socioéconomiques et culturelles relatives à l’alimentation des adolescents et des jeunes adultes en Belgique: Analyses de l’Enquête nationale belge de consommation alimentaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305604.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gautier, Yentl. "Impact d’un régime occidental déséquilibré, de l’obésité et d’une intervention de type bypass ou restriction calorique lors de périodes sensibles du développement sur les réponses neuro-comportementales de jeunes adultes chez le modèle miniporc Yucatan et l’homme." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B065/document.
The Western diet (WD) exposure during critical developmental periods is considered as a major factor in the development of obesity, notably morbid obesity, of which the reference treatment when all other strategies (e.g. diet) have failed remains the bariatric surgery. But the invasiveness of this procedure, associated with non-negligible risks and failures, justifies the development of alternative therapies. To this aim, it is essential to understand the brain phenotypes regulating eating behavior. The objective of this thesis was to study the hedonic and cognitive neuro-behavioral dynamics in young adults who had been exposed to WD either during the perinatal period (SLK project), during adolescence (HOS project), both in minipig (SLK + HOS) and humans (HOS). For the HOS project, tests were performed on normal-weight subjects (human and pig), obese subjects (pig), and then after weight loss induced by calorie restriction with or without a gastric bypass (pig). We used psycho-behavioral approaches (tests, questionnaires) and brain imaging (PET, SPECT, fMRI). In the minipig, perinatal exposure to WD induced an "obese" cerebral phenotype and increases offspring susceptibility to stress, whereas exposure in adolescents induces an addiction-type cerebral phenotype and alters working memory. The human pilot study allowed to identify brain areas recruited in a food-choice situation involving dilemma, particularly the cingulate cortex and fusiform-occipital. Obesity causes anxio-depressive symptoms associated with snacking. Weight loss restores normal behavior and induced attentional brain regulation in response to sugar. Neuronal modulation by digestive hormones and/or microbiota is strongly suspected. Additional physiological, histological, and metabolomic analyzes should provide valuable answers to understand how the microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in neurocognitive modulations induced by diet and weight variations
Mareschi, Jean-Pierre. "Alimentation, nutrition et cosmétologie : synergie et limites." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114845.
Lemel, Martine. "Oligoéléments et nutrition." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11139.
Choutet, Quitterie. "Interaction médicament et nutrition entérale." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P210.
Gallet, de Saint-Aurain Nathalie. "Mélanges utilisés en nutrition et chimiothérapies simultanées." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P271.
Dubois, Marie Hélène. "Nutrition et développement cérébral." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P117.
Combeau, Dominique. "Automates et fabrication de poches de nutrition parentérale pédiatriques." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P054.
Gaillard, Arnaud. "Étude pharmacoépidémiologique et pharmacoéconomique en nutrition artificielle : comparaison entre services de réanimation et de soins de CHR (Lyon) et de CH (Annecy)." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T175.
TCHIEKO, DJIAKO STANISLAS. "Croissance et nutrition parenterale prolongee exclusive chez l'enfant." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT044M.
RENAUX, JEAN-PIERRE. "Nutrition enterale cyclique et maladie de crohn ileo-colique." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM052.
Airiau, Caroline. "Mai͏̈trise des apports nutritionnels en néonatalogie : développement d'un logiciel de prescription et de formulation de la nutrition parentérale et entérale mixte." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P179.
Olivier, Anne-Louise. "Nutrition parentérale : intérêt et étude comparative des solutions d'acides aminés." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P166.
Driss, Chaieb Sonia. "Nutrition parentérale du prématuré : étude de la compatibilité et stabilité phosphocalcique dans les mélanges binaires et ternaires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P607.
Background: Calcium-phosphate precipitation represents one of the major risks of destabilization of paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures requiring high Ca concentrations. Method: The calcium-phosphate solubility in binary and in all-in-one admixtures and the effect of additives on two intravenous lipid emulsions (Clinoleic® and Ivelip®) used either alone or in admixture have been evaluated on six formulas with different compositions. Results: Precipitations have not been visually detected nor quantified by particle size analysis using laser diffraction on binary admixtures even for samples containing high organic Ca-P. However, precipitation of Ca-P was immediately observed with inorganic P (K2HPO4). Interaction between organic Ca-P has been revealed by optical microscopy and by Ca determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Investigations of lipid-nutrient admixtures showed a significant decrease of the pH with Primene® (pH~5. 5) and a visual instability when mixing with sterile water alone. Zeta potential determination allowed estimating the integrity of the interfacial film. It is possible that amino acids and glucose offer a protection to the lipid emulsion from its physicochemical degradation due to divalent cations. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the use of organic P in paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures greatly improves solubility but the risk of Ca-P precipitation exist and appropriate measures should be developed for standardization of the preparation, conservation and administration of these solutions, with the necessity of using filters during infusion
Paradis, Ann-Marie. "Alimentation des individus avec et sans histoire familiale d'obésité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26434/26434.pdf.
Ferry-Isselin, Monique. "Nutrition, micronutriments antioxydants et état de santé d'une population vieillissante." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18005.
Lebreton, Grégoire. "Évaluation des habitudes alimentaires et besoins en services de nutrition d'athlètes universitaires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67786.
As a result of daily physical activity, athletes have specific nutrition and hydration needs. However, many studies have shown that athletes have an energy consumption that is below or similar to the recommendations. The daily eating habits defining their choices are not always optimal, and their needs in terms of nutrition services are not well understood. This research aimed at assessing the dietary practices of student-athletes, defining their needs for nutrition services, and identifying which groups would be more in need of such services. Of the 484 surveys sent out to student-athletes, 112 were completed (23,1%). Sixty-eight food frequency questionnaires were sent out and the response rate was close to 53%. Although the majority of student-athletes appear to have good eating and hydration habits, nearly one in three student-athletes admitted to skipping between three to five meals over the course of the week. For student-athletes, several factors come into play when preparing a healthy meal; the amount of time it takes, the skills involved, and the cost. Among the most frequently reported needs of these athletes for nutrition services, there were to get access to information on sports nutrition, to get access to one-on-one nutrition counseling, to get a nutrition cookbook, and to take part in a group meeting. Depending on which sub-group of student-athletes, these factors may vary. It has also been found that some student-athletes are not particularly interested in nutrition services. This subgroup consumes on average fewer calories, including less carbohydrate than recommended. Nutritional interventions should be emphasized for this subgroup, in order to improve their nutritional awareness, leading to an increase in their daily intake of calories as well as macronutrients. These nutritional interventions can range from the promotion of a blog or Facebook page on dietary sources of energy, and on dietary and hydration supplements to individual or group consultation with a health professional.
Feillet, Céline. "Synchronisation par la nourriture des horloges circadiennes centrales et périphériques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/FEILLET_Celine_2007.pdf.
My thesis aimed at characterizing the mechanisms of food synchronization in circadian clocks. The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) and the food entrainable clock (FEC) are two recognized central circadian clocks. Our research established how various synchronizer are interpreted by the SCN. We then looked for the anatomic substrate of the FEC using the 2-Deoxyglucose technique. We studied the relative importance of various outputs of the FEC (locomotor activity, corticosterone). We demonstrated that the clock gene Per2 is a major actor of food synchronization. Finally, we showed that PER1 and PER2 proteins are neither uniformly expressed in the central nervous system, nor equally influenced by changes in food availability. Our work brought a better understanding of food synchronization and open new perspectives in this field
Vacherot, Colette. "Contribution à la connaissance des principes et des méthodes de la nutrition entérale chez l'adulte." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P114.
Clément, Jean-François. "Fibres et nutrition entérale : étude prospective et randomisée chez 106 patients de réanimation traumatologique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P034.
Djossinou, Diane. "Alimentation et nutrition des femmes avant et pendant la grossesse au Sud-Bénin : qualité et facteurs d'influence." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG060.
Dietary pattern is an important and modifiable lifestyle that can influence individual health and well-being. For women, it is one of the main determinants of her nutritional statut, of embryo and fetal development. It is essential that women have a quality diet in order to reduce the prevalence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, before conception and throughout pregnancy. This is important and worrying, because it’s now a consensus that maternal nutrition influences the health of the child not only in the short term but also in the long term. In developing countries, studies are increasingly focusing on the assessment of the quality of the diet and the nutritional status of women during pregnancy, but very few follow up them from preconception to delivery.The present study, which has recruited 897 women before pregnancy, of whom 234 have been followed up to delivery, had aimed to assess the quality of the diet and the changes in women's diets before and during pregnancy. This assessment was made through the study of dietary diversity and the level of coverage of nutrient requirements in Abomey-Calavi and Sô-Ava dostricts in southern Benin. Dietary diversity score and his influencing factors, the energy and nutrient intakes, and the level of satisfaction of the recommended dietary allowences were compared before and during pregnancy.At inclusion, women entered in the first phase of follow up called "primary cohort" and once they were pregnant, they were considered to second phase called "secondary cohort". Women were included after a negative pregnancy test. They were received a 24-hours recall questionnaire at baseline and one at each trimester of pregnancy. Womens’ dietary diversity scores (WDDS) were calculated using the 10 food groups defined by FAO. Food composition table compiled, recipe table elaborated and a recipe catalog (with average quantification of each ingredient) allowed to determine their nutritional intakes in Benin. In addition to energy and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), a total of 8 minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and copper) and 10 vitamins (C, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and B12) were explored. Mixed-effect linear and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.The results showed that at preconception the mean WDDS was low (4.3±1.1 food groups) and the diet was mainly composed of cereals, oils, vegetables, and fish. This mean WDDS did not change during pregnancy and was equally low at all trimesters. Parity and household wealth index were positively associated with the WDDS before and during pregnancy. Women had lower intakes of vitamins D, B1, B3, B9 and B12 during pregnancy compare to preconceptional period (p<0.05). More than 50% of women had adequate vitamin intake only for vitamin D and B12. The lowest proportions (less than 10%) were observed for vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5 and B9. The median intake of magnesium, vitamin C, D and B12 achieved the RDA before pregnancy, because of large consumption of peanut, fermented seed of nere, of potatoes, chilli peper, pineapple, citrus fruits and mangos, of fish species rich in vitamin D such as catfish or salomon, of horse mackerel, crab and oysters. Higher than 50% of women were reached RDA for macronutrients, sodium, vitamin D and B12 before pregnancy. But during pregnancy, lower than 50% were cover recommended intake excepted for carbohydrate sodium and vitamin B12. Additional qualitative researches on determinants of women's food consumption before and during pregnancy in Benin are necessary. Actions should be carried out to provide Benin with a national food and recipes composition table. Women should be informed on the importance of nutrients and the food sources of these nutrients
BENATTAR, YOUSSEF. "Nutrition parenterale chez l'adulte dans les insuffisances renale et respiratoire aigues et dans l'insuffisance hepatique." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15047.
Vercambre, Marie-Noël. "Alimentation et vieillissement cognitif : premiers résultats dans la cohorte E3N." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T010.
Acar, Niyazi. "Incorporation et conversion des acides gras trans polyinsaturés dans les structures nerveuses : conséquences physiologiques sur l'électrorétinogramme et sur les teneurs en neuromédiateurs du système dopaminergique." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS060.
Trans n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are formed during heat treatment of vegetable oils. In this work, we demonstrated that feeding rats and piglets with a diet in which a part of 18:3 n-3 is present as trans isomers lead to a "deficiency-like" status in n-3 PUFA in phospholipids of the retina and the frontal cortex. These changes in lipid composition were associated to a decrease of the b-wave amplitude of the electroretinogram (ERG) and to an increase of the levels of the dopaminergic neurotransmitters, respectively. Nevertheless, these results showed that trans n-3 PUFA and/or the n-6/n-3 ratio could act on the visual function and the dopaminergic neurotransmission by inducing a 30%-decrease of the b-wave amplitude of the ERG and a depletion of dopamine levels in the hippocampus. These results suggest that it would be better to prevent the presence of trans n-3 PUFA in the Human diet
Tardy, Ludovic. "Nutrition parentérale totale au cours de la maladie de Crohn : revue de la littérature et étude rétrospective sur 11 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23058.
CHARBONNIER, CLAUDE. "Contribution a l'etude des relations entre nutrition et vieillissement cerebral : etude comparative des apports nutritionnels et des fonctions neuropsychologiques explorees par le test de code de wais." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31108.
Schneider, Stéphane Michel. "Effets de la nutrition artificielle sur la microflore et les acides gras à chaîne courte intestinaux chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30075.
Diet is the most important factor to influence the intestinal flora, but its effects are poorly known. We studied the effects of total artificial nutrition on fecal flora and short-chain fatty acids, with a conventional plating technique as well as molecular tools (FISH); fatty acids were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. We then studied the effects of a probiotic and supplementation of enteral feeding with a mixture of six fibers on these same parameters. We were able to demonstrate that : - Whereas total parenteral nutrition leads to a global decrease of fecal microbiota, total enteral nutrition induces an imbalance in the fecal flora (increase in aerobes and decrease in anaerobes), resulting in dysmicrobism. - Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii and use of a fiber-supplemented formula in long-term total enteral nutrition patients induce an increase in fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, especially butyrate
Jacqmin, Clotilde. "Mise au point et étude d'un mélange binaire pour nutrition parentérale destiné aux prématurés." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P153.
Choux, Chantal. "Conception et réception d'une unité de fabrication de solutions pour nutrition parentérale à l'hôpital." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P195.
Chardron, Myriam. "Cancer du sein féminin et nutrition : l'alimentation a-t-elle un intérêt dans la prévention du cancer du sein féminin ?" Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P215.
Fernandez, Catherine. "Croissance et nutrition de paracentrotus lividus dans le cadre d'un projet aquacole avec alimentation artificielle." Corte, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CORT3020.
Hajri, Tahar. "Effets de la nutrition parentérale sur la biodynamique du cholestérol et des lipoprotéines chez le rat." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112181.
The effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) on cholesterol and lipoprotein biodynamics have been studied in rats. After 5 days of intravenous infusion of a nutritive mixture, with or without lipids (Intralipid 20 %), rats exhibit a reduction of the intestinal mass and plasma levels of HDL, apo-AIV and apo-AI decrease, whereas those of apo-E and apo-B48 increased. PN does not change the overall uptake rate of 14c-labelled-HDL: intestine becomes less active, and the liver and spleen more active to internalize the HDL. The more spectacular effect induced by infused emulsion, is the plasma accumulation of an abnormal lipoprotein (lipoprotein-X) in the density zone of LDL (1,006-1,040). This particle results from the uptake of endogenous cholesterol by residual phospholipids of the emulsion after Iipolysis. The compared effects of 2 emulsions clearly indicate that, at the same infusion rate, Intralipid 20 % (triglycerides/ phospholids, TG/PL=100/6) generates less Iipoprotein-X than lntralipid 10 % (TG/ PL=100/12). Phytosterols, initially present in the soya oil of the emulsion, have been detected in all the lipoproteins and the intestinal content in rats infused with lipids. The activity of cholesterol synthesis, in vivo assessed by measurement of the 14c-acetate incorporation into hepatic and intestinal sterols, is markedly stimulated by PN. In rats intravenously infused with lipids, this effect directly results from the formation of lipoprotein-X. Finally, an increase of the bile acid pool, that reflects bile stasis, has been shown by an isotopic equilibrium method
Lelong, Hélène. "Relations entre Mesures Non Médicamenteuses et Pression Artérielle. Analyse des données de l’étude NutriNet-Santé." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD081/document.
Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world and lifestyle behaviors, namely adherence to a healthy diet (rich in fruits and vegetables and with reduced consumption of salt), maintain of normal weight, regular physical activity and limitation of alcohol, for its prevention and control are recommended within worldwide guidelines. Our aim was to study the relationship between those recommended lifestyle behaviors and first blood pressure level and second risk of incident hypertension, through cross-sectional and prospective analyses using data from the NutriNet-Santé study, a French web-based cohort. Our results reported significant associations between body mass index, fruits and vegetables and alcohol consumption, and physical activity; confirmed the association of several nutritional factors and incident hypertension and highlighted that adopting a global healthy diet could strongly contribute to the prevention of hypertension. Moreover, adhere to all the recommended lifestyle behaviors could reduce the hypertension risk of half or at least delay the new onsets of hypertension
SCHIRRER, CHAUVE ANNE. "Tolerance de la nutrition enterale chez le traumatise cranien grave et effets de la nature de l'apport proteique." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM016.
BARDET, CHRISTINE. "Complications hepatiques et biliaires de la nutrition parenterale prolongee de l'adulte : etude clinique et histologique de 6 cas." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M141.
RUBY, CLAUDE. "Criteres d'interruption des methodes artificielles d'hydratation et de nutrition chez le vieillard en fin de vie." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M045.
Moreau, Sylvie. "Alimentation entérale en médecine gériatrique : enquête rétrospective à propos de 50 observations et évaluation des pratiques de soins par audit interne (état des lieux)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20120.
PERDOUX, LAURENCE. "Resection intestinale massive avec possibilite de sevrage de la nutrition parenterale : a propos d'un cas ; etude de la strategie chirurgicale et nutritionnelle utilisee." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M399.
Soudant, Philippe. "Les phospholipides et les stérols des géniteurs et des larves de Coquille Saint-Jacques Pecten maximus (L. ) : relations avec la nutrition." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2027.
Fassier, Philippine. "Alimentation, consommation d’alcool, activité physique, prise de compléments alimentaires, variation de poids et représentations nutritionnelles : évolution avant/apres diagnostic d’un cancer." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD072/document.
While cancer survivors are at increased risk for negative conditions as second cancers, other comorbidities, and functional decline ; lifestyle factors, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise and weight control, may contribute to prevent these conditions and improve survivors' quality of life. In this context, aims of this thesis were, among cancer survivors from the French prospective NutriNet-Santé study, to 1) investigate nutritional variations between before and after cancer diagnosis as well as dietary supplements use, and 2) evaluate opinions relating to some diet factors and to weight-loss restrictive diets and fasting practices, and to link them on the one hand to their real practices, and, on the other hand, to their sources of nutritional information.In the first part, our results highlight some healthy behaviors such as a decrease in alcohol and sweetened drinks consumption, but also less favorable trends, such as a decrease in vegetable consumption and in many vitamin and mineral intakes. We also observed a decline in overall and vigorous physical activity after diagnosis, especially in prostate and skin cancers, in men and professionally inactive patients. Concomitantly, we observed an increase in sedentary behaviors, especially in women, older subjects and professionally inactive patients. We also observed that while weight loss was reported in many colorectal cancer patients, a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients gained weight. Sociodemographic and economic factors appeared as important determinants of weight gain, illustrating social inequalities in health (higher risk among patients with lower income and lower education). Our results suggest that dietary supplements use was widespread among cancer survivors, a large amount of which being used without any medical supervision, including a non-negligible proportion of patients having dietary supplement practices which can be considered as “at risk”. In a second part, we observed that opinions from cancer survivors regarding some nutritional factors seemed to impact their dietary practices and were themselves impacted by sources of nutritional information. In particular, opinions regarding alcohol consumption were concerning, with an important proportion of cancer survivors who thought that alcohol consumption (and even more regarding red wine) had a positive impact on their disease. Weight-loss restrictive diets were practiced by a large number of cancer survivors since their diagnosis, while fasting was less practiced, but was far from being an isolated phenomenon
Kuhn, Mirjam. "Evaluation de l'efficacité et de la tolérance de trois mélanges conçus pour la nutrition entérale de longue durée : approches expérimentale et clinique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P607.
Standard enteral nutrition formulas do not meet the specific requirements of various categories of patients. Three new formulas for long-term enteral feeding have been developed in order to cover the respective (specific) nutritional needs of clinically stable normally-fed patients requiring long-term enteral feeding (Sondalis® Maintenance), of hospitalized malnourished elderly subjects (Patriarch), and of cachectic cancer patients under active treatment (Formula One). Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of this formulas experimentally and/or clinically. Sondalis® Maintenance's efficiency in maintaining body weight and blood chemistry was evaluated in a clinical study in well-nourished stable patients. The preliminary results on nine patients showed that this diet maintained the stability of their body weight and biological homeostasis after six months of nutrition. Patriarch was first evaluated in enterally-fed old rats. In this model Patriarch limited stress-induced weight loss, and improved protein metabolism (increased cumulative nitrogen balance, intestinal protein content and bioavailability of amino acids) and intestinal transit (increased stool weight). This formula was further evaluated in a clinical study in hospitalized malnourished elderly. However only four patients were enrolled and only two of them completed the study: one patient in the group Patriarch and one in the control group Sondalis® Iso. Analysis of these two cases indicated that Patriarch was well tolerated and improved glucose homeostasis. These encouraging results need to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial. The efficiency of the third formula, Formula One + GLN was assessed in a model of turpentine-induced hypercatabolism in rats. This study did not allow us to demonstrate an advantage in terms of nutritional status and inflammatory state in favour of Formula One + GLN compared to a standard diet. In addition, the incidence of diarrhoea in the Formula One group suggested a poor digestive tolerance, probably due to the high osmolarity of Formula One + GLN. While a clinical trial was scheduled to assess the safety and efficacy of this formula in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiochemotherapy, the poor digestive tolerance observed in the experimental study and major difficulties in patient recruitment led to the project being postponed. Putting aside the difficulties encountered in the experimental and clinical demonstration of the efficiency of nutritional concept, this work demonstrates that the adaptation of enteral nutrition to the specific requirements of various clinical situations is feasible and potentially beneficial for the patient
Jacob, Raphaëlle. "Évaluation d'une intervention visant l'amélioration des connaissances en nutrition et des pratiques alimentaires recommandées par les entraîneurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25464.
Coaches are a major source of nutrition information and influence for young athletes. Yet, most coaches do not have specific or formal training in nutrition and their knowledge is insufficient to properly guide their athletes on this topic. These observations show that the majority of coaches have the intention to recommend hydration, whereas less than half have the intention to recommend carbohydrates or proteins to their athletes. Subjective norm and perceived behavioral control (PBC) represent key determinants of coaches’ intention to recommend these sports nutrition practices. These data led us to the development of an intervention aimed at improving coaches’ advice regarding sports nutrition. The results suggest that a theory-based intervention combined with decision-making algorithm on sports nutrition recommendations appears to be effective in maintaining coaches’ knowledge in sports nutrition over time, and in having coaches providing better sports nutrition advice to athletes.
Padilha, Sangoi Marilia Terezinha. "Étude des relations entre la microflore et l'activité fermentaire caecale chez le lapereau, pendant la période périsevrage." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR4019.
BRUNENGO, MATTUTZU CLAUDINE. "Complications infectieuses liees au catheterisme lors de la nutrition parenterale a domicile : etude multicentrique francaise concernant 265 patients suivis entre mars 1991 et fevrier 1992." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M062.
Brouzes, Chloé. "Quelles stratégies pour améliorer le régime alimentaire de jeunes femmes égyptiennes en milieu urbain ? Analyse des déséquilibres et identification de stratégies nutritionnelles par méthodes mixtes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB002.
Egyptian women are a typical yet rarely studied example of population undergoing a nutrition transition, touched by a high prevalence of overweight (88% in urban areas) and iron deficiency (50%). This situation suggests that their dietary intakes, which are so far poorly assessed and not well known, should be rebalanced. Diet modeling is a mathematical tool which helps to identify dietary changes improving nutritional intakes, taking into consideration several parameters of the local food environment. Yet, the acceptability of the nutritional strategies modeled is hardly predictable. This research thesis enabled to quantify the dietary intakes of young Egyptian women living in urban areas and to model strategies to improve nutritional intakes. The acceptability of the “theoretically optimal” solutions was then discussed with the population studied using qualitative surveys. The use of mixed methodologies (quantitative and then qualitative approaches) enabled to analyze in detail the local situation and to identify changes in dietary practices and in the fortified food offer. This approach seems promising to identify realistic and acceptable solutions to contribute solving local nutritional issues
Marchand, Claire. "Le médecin et l'alimentation : Principes de nutrition et recommandations alimentaires en France (1887-1940)." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2007/document.
The history of medicine and the evolution of the hygienist doctrine are traditional historiography topics. However, only a few researches explicitly focused on the medicals roles in the emergence of new eating behaviors. Based on the prosopography method, our work focuses on the evolutions of nutritionals discourses, the prophylactic actions and vulgarization initiatives taken by a medical group concerning elaboration of food recommendations. By studying the eating act in itself as well as the diet, food hygiene, and the learning of good eating habits, these physicians are considered a pioneer group in food hygiene. They introduced the theoretical knowledge and dietetics practices developed in France in the late 19th century. Social reformism was the key point of their thoughts. If the physician figure is the heart of this research, the individual careers comparison gives us a more global idea on the particular place of food in the medical practice
Breton, Elsa. "Qualité du pool nutritif et nutrition des copépodes pélagiques en Manche orientale." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0064.
This work investigates quantitative and qualitative sides of the in situ trophic relationships between phytoplankton and copepods, by means of pigments biomarkers, analyzed by HPLC. One method for extract and separate pigments from gut of copepods has been worked out. In parallel, microscopic counts have been carried out for : establish size of nutritive particles, estimate portion of heterotrophs, and verify validity of pigments biomarkers. Analysis of samples, collected fortnighly from November 1995 to July 1997, in two neighbour areas 'inshore and offshore) in the eastern English Channel, reveal that quality and quantity of the nutritive pool fluctuate substantially over the course of seasons. Microplanktonic diatoms contribute to the greatest part of phytoplankton biomass, incomparison with nano-phytoflagellates. However, numerically, these contribute to an important part of the phytoplankton, and dominate in winter, autumn, and April-May (Phaeocystis sp. ). Spatially, phytoplankton carbon biomass is higher in the coastal area, mainly due to higher frequency of diatoms. Thus, the offshore waters were characterised by a greater numerical contribution of flagellates. These differences show the importance of the particular hydrodynamism (tidal front) in the eastern English Channel on the distribution and composition of phytoplankton, and also on the nutrition of copepods. Thus, nanoflagellates compose a higher part in the copepods diet in the offshore waters. Concomitant copepods species respond with specific behaviour to such variability, and select food encountered, exerting always a strong preference on Cryptophyceae. Diatoms are ingested according their abundance, even are generally avoided during summer and winter. In fact, it seems that copepods overall feed on Thalasiosiraceae, present principally in spring and autumn. Results also show that copepods discriminate Phaeocystis sp
Brien, Mélissa. "Habitudes alimentaires et apports nutritionnels chez les personnes présentant une dystrophie myotonique de type 1." Thèse, Université Laval, 2016. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3882/1/Brien_uqac_0862N_10187.pdf.