Дисертації з теми "Alī Badr"

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1

Bianco, Annamaria. ""Adab al-malǧa'" : représenter le refuge dans le roman arabe du XXIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221209_BIANCO_998yey470wdp180hg620kll_TH.pdf.

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Cette thèse analyse la littérature arabe de l’exil et de la migration produite au tournant de la « crise des réfugiés » de 2015, à travers un corpus de six romans dont les auteurs diffèrent par leurs sexe, âge, origine, notoriété et statut migratoire. L’étude vise à décrire l’émergence d’une nouvelle esthétique migrante construite autour de l’expérience polyvalente et multiforme du refuge, en identifiant les différents éléments de continuité et de discontinuité qui relient la fiction contemporaine au canon littéraire du passé. Focalisée sur des romans qui puisent dans la littérature de harraga (Taytānīkāt afrīqiyya d'Abū Bakr Ḥāmid Kahhāl et Anāšīd al-milḥ d'al-'Arabī Ramaḍānī), la première partie met en évidence les liens entre les textes qui relatent l'expérience de la migration clandestine et ceux qui se concentrent sur l'exode des demandeurs d'asile, en faisant ressortir le même type de discours critique à l'égard de la forteresse Europe et des hiérarchies établies par le système humanitaire. Concentrée sur les concepts de vulnérabilité, traumatisme et résilience, la deuxième partie est consacrée aux réalités du transit et de l'immobilité. Elle analyse les espaces d'exception incarnés par les camps de réfugiés palestiniens (Muḫmal de Ḥuzāma Ḥabāyib) et par la Syrie prérévolutionnaire, caractérisée par une double réalité d'accueil et répression (Ḥurrās al-hawāʼ de Rūzā Yāsīn Ḥasan). La troisième partie se concentre sur l'expérience de l'asile en Europe (Barīd al-layl de Hudā Barakāt et 'Āzif al-ġuyūm de 'Alī Badr), nous permettant d'explorer des représentations anti-hégémoniques des notions d'hospitalité, d'identité, d'appartenance et de citoyenneté
This thesis analyses the Arabic literature of exile and migration produced at the turn of the 2015 "refugee crisis", through a corpus of six novels whose authors differ in gender, age, origin, notoriety and migratory status. The study aims to describe the emergence of a new migrant aesthetic built around the polyvalent and multifaceted experience of "refuge", identifying the different elements of continuity and discontinuity that link contemporary fiction to the canon of the past. Focusing on two novels that draw on the tradition of harraga literature (Abū Bakr Ḥāmid Kahhāl's Taytānīkāt afrīqiyya and al-Arabī Ramaḍānī's Anāshīd al-milḥ), the first part of this work sheds light on the links between texts that recount the experience of clandestine migration and those that focus on the exodus of asylum seekers, bringing out from them the same kind of critical discourse towards Fortress Europe and the hierarchies established by the humanitarian system. Linking the concepts of vulnerability, trauma and resilience, the second part is devoted to the realities of transit and immobility, and analyses the spaces of exception embodied by Palestinian refugee camps (Ḥuzāma Ḥabāyib's Muḫmal) and pre-revolutionary Syria, characterised by a dual reality of regional shelter and repression (Rūzā Yāsīn Ḥasan's Ḥurrās al-hawāʼ). The third part sheds light on the experience of asylum in Europe (Hudā Barakāt's Barīd al-layl and Alī Badr's Āzif al-ġuyūm), allowing the reader to explore the anti-hegemonic representations of notions such as hospitality, identity, belonging and citizenship
2

Donvito, Benedetta. "Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab nella poesia araba." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13776/.

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Lo scopo di questo elaborato è mettere in evidenza l’importanza dell’opera poetica di Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab, autore iracheno, che ha portato nella poesia araba la novità del verso libero. Egli sfidò la tradizione secolare dei grandi poeti classici rompendo le rigide regole metriche a cui da sempre era stato necessario attenersi. Fin dall’inizio del XX secolo la nuova generazione di poeti arabi aveva sentito la necessità di trovare nuove forme espressive che potessero essere un mezzo efficace per discutere tematiche impegnate. Tanti erano infatti coloro che percepivano il bisogno di un cambiamento sociale e politico, influenzati dalle idee liberali provenienti dall’occidente. In Iraq, tra gli anni ’40 e ‘60, si susseguirono rivolte e colpi di stato che scossero profondamente il poeta, fin da giovane impegnato nelle vicende politiche del suo popolo. I suoi testi da una parte raccolgono le speranze per un futuro migliore dall’altra le critiche impietose alla società moderna irachena. Per comprendere a pieno la grandezza della novità stilistica e contenutistica della poesia di Sayyab è indispensabile conoscere i tratti principali della poesia araba che, nel panorama della letteratura araba, riveste senz’altro il ruolo più prestigioso. Inoltre, sempre con la stessa intenzione, il capitolo conclusivo contiene il testo e il rispettivo commento de Il Canto della Pioggia la poesia più celebre di Sayyab, dove la poesia araba moderna raggiunge le sue vette più alte.
3

Shureteh, Halla. "Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb in English translations a critical review with a biographical and socio-historical background /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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4

Behmardi, Vahid F. "Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadhani." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273383.

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5

Aiouaz, Mohammed. "Edition critique partielle, traduction et commentaire des Maʿānī al-Aẖbār : commentaire des traditions prophétiques de Abū Bakr Ibn Abī Isḥāq al-Kalābāḏī". Paris, EPHE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPHE0006.

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Le travail presente dans cette these consiste en une edition critique partielle, traduction et commentaire des ma'ani al-akhbar : "commentaire des traditions prophetiques" redige par : abu bakr ibn abi ishag al-kalabadhi. Nous avons effectue un choix de 32 traditions reliees a la vie spirituelle et commentees par l'auteur. Nous avons egalement joint a notre etude six chapitres relatifs au contenu des traditions choisies a savoir : 1- comparaison entre le ta'arruf et ma'ani al-akhbar. 2- la legitimite du langage mystique. 3- les criteres internes et externes de l'authentification des traditions prophetiques. 4- la conception de l'amour chez les soufis 5- de la remise condiante a dieu. 6- apercu sur les questions theologiques. Quant a la vie de l'auteur et les caracteristiques de son oeuvre, nous avons traite de cela dans l'introduction
The brain work presented in this thesis resides in an incomplete critical edition, translation and annotation of ma'ani al-akhbar, annotation drawn from the prophetical traditions redacted by abu bakr ibn abi ishag al-kalabadhi. We have made a choice of 32 traditions kinked to the spiritual life and annoted by the author. The annotation involves also several questions refering to the spiritual life. We have also enclosed to out study six chapters relating to the contents of the chosen traditions. 1- the comparaison between the ta'arruf and ma'ani al-akhbar 2- the ligihinacy if the mystical langage 3- the internal and external criteriums of the reliable prophetical traditions 4- the notion of love amongst the soufis 5- about leaving his faith to god. 6- idea on theological questions. As for as the life of the author and characteristics of his work are concomed, we have already treated theur in the prefora
6

Nurbain, Nawir Yuslem. "Ibn Qayyim's reformulation of the fatwā." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22611.

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This thesis is a study of Ibn Qayyim's approach to the fatwa as defined in his $I sp{c}l bar am al$-$Muwaqqi sp{c}in.$ This treatise deals primarily with the role of the mufti/ the procedure of issuing a fatwa and the necessary sources for a fatwa. Lawful application of these criteria ensures a proper and viable fatwa. Ibn Qayyim, however, highlights the misuse of fatwas, specifically those on hiyal. By questioning this misapplication, Ibn Qayyim hoped to redefine the entire use of the fatwa in Islamic jurisprudence. This argumentation is supplemented by a section addressing the dynamic essence of the fatwa. By examining the underlying $ sp{c}illa$ of a ruling and the maslaha as the main goal of its application, Ibn Qayyim believed that most rulings were, in some way, influenced by the surrounding elements of time and space. If the $ sp{c}illa$ changed due to changing circumstances, Ibn Qayyim surmised that the fatwa itself could undergo changes. This line of discourse helped establish the fatwa as an adaptable tool of law, further indicating the ability of Islamic law to accommodate unprecedented situations.
7

Marino, Danilo. "Raconter le haschich dans l’époque mamelouke : étude et édition critique partielle de la Rāḥat al-arwāḥ fī l-ḥašīš wa-l-rāḥ de Badr al-Dīn Abū l-Tuqā al-Badrī (847-894/1443-1489)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0009/document.

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Dans cette étude nous cherchons à explorer le lien entre haschich et humour par l'analyse du corpus des récits arabes contenus dans la Rāḥat al-arwāḥ fī l-ḥašīš wa-l-rāḥ (“Le repos des âmes dans le haschich et le vin”) de Badr al-Dīn Abū l-Tuqā al-Badrī (847-894/1443-1489). L'originalité de cette anthologie qui existe en quatre manuscrits dont seulement deux étaient connus à la critique, découle du fait qu'elle est le plus ancien recueil en langue arabe de textes en prose et en vers inspirés du haschich. Dans la première partie, nous abordons le haschich d'un point de vue historique, médicale et juridico-religieux. Longtemps utilisé en médicine et pour la fabrication de cordes et tissus, on ignore quand le cannabis (qinnab) est passé de médicament à substance enivrante et récréative. Cependant l’utilisation de cette herbe était devenue un problème social, si entre le VIIe/XIIIe et le VIIIe/XIVe siècle plusieurs oulémas y consacrèrent des écrits, tant qu'ils l'incluront dans la liste des munkarāt, (les choses blâmables, défendues), à côté du vin (ḫamr), de la fornication (zinā) et de l’homosexualité (liwāṭ). Parallèlement, la littérature n’a pas manqué de représenter l’expérience de psychotropes. Et c'est autour des enjeux littéraires soulevés par cette substance que nous centrons la deuxième partie de notre travail. Par l'étude d'un certain nombre de motifs nous montrons que le personnage du ḥaššāš fonctionne comme un «catalyseur thématique» des motifs littéraires auparavant associés aux ivrognes, aux stupides ou aux fous. L’ordre que nous avons suivi est: la méprise, la stupidité et folie, le rapport au rêve et à l’imaginaire et l'avidité. Nous concluons sur le fait que le passage à la littérature du motif du mangeur de haschich représente le processus de cristallisation d’une figure narrative à potentiel fortement humoristique, née dans la première époque post-abbasside et dérivée d’une série de matériaux narratifs attribués auparavant à d’autres figures littéraires
In this study we explore the link between hashish and humor through the analysis of Arabic stories contained in the Rāḥat al-arwāḥ fī l-ḥašīš wa-l-rāḥ (“The delight of the souls on hashish and wine”), written by Badr al-Dīn Abū l-Tuqā al-Badrī (847-894/1443-1489), that exists in four manuscripts of which only two were known until now. This work, of which no complete edition has been established yet, seems to be the oldest and most comprehensive Arabic anthology containing poetry and anecdotes inspired by hashish. In the first part we discuss hashish from a historical, medical, legal and religious perspective. Early on, hashish was used in medical treatments and for the manufacture of ropes and fabrics but it is not clear when cannabis (qinnab) has changed from a remedy into an intoxicating and a recreational substance. However, the use of this herb had become a social problem, since between the VIIth/XIIIth and the VIIIth/XIVth centuries several ʿulamā’ wrote about it and the consumption of hashish was considered among the munkarāt (forbidden or reprehensible actions), as well as wine (ḫamr), fornication (zinā) and homosexuality (liwāṭ). Literature quickly represented the psychotropic experiences. Thus the aesthetics of hashish consumption is the main issue of the second part of our study. There, we focus on some comic motifs that appear in a number of anecdotes and we prove that the ḥaššāš character acts as a «thematic catalyst» of literary motifs which were associated in classical Arabic literature with drunkenness, insanity and foolishness. Thus, the order of our presentation is: the mistake; hashish, insanity and foolishness; dream and imagination and finally food and avidity. We infer from this, that the hashish eater as literary motif represents the process of crystallization of a humorous narrative character that took shape during the first part of the post-abbasid period and developed from a series of narrative materials earlier attributed to other literary figures
8

Mashāriqah, Muḥammad Zuhayr. "al-Ḥayāh al-ijtimāʻīyah ʻinda al-badw fī al-waṭan al-ʻArabī". Dimashq : Dār Ṭalās, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20486381.html.

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9

Gifford, Christopher S. "All bar one : the problem of the many." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659104.

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The subject of this thesis is the problem of the many - a problem which presents the challenge of there being many objects in situations in which we putatively take there to be one. The problem demands attention since it is paradoxical, ubiquitous in its extent, prompts a revision of the concepts it invokes (identity, distinctness, vagueness, and indeterminacy) , and promises a revelation of the relation between it and other philosophical problems. Chapters 2-3 establish what the problem of the many is and establishes its relationship to other problems and paradoxes. Chapters 3-9 consider the most standard responses to the problem and chapter 10 presents a new response called role theory. There are three main original contributions: 1. The introduction of a new delegic and aoristic modality which models theoretical commitment and indeterminacy (respect.). It is claimed that the modality is more appropriate to model indeterminacy than current methods of modeling indeterminacy which are based on alethic modality, such as those supplied by the supervaluationist and the ontic indeterminist. 2. The introduction of a new theory called role theory which is an axiomatic ontology that quantifies over roles and the objects that fill them. The theory is defended against presented responses to the problem of the many. 3. The demonstration of a significant difference between the sorites paradox and the problem of the many. This is achieved by contrasting the necessary conditions for the problems and by diagnosing the former as an instance of underdeterminacy and the latter as an instance of overdeterminacy. The difference gives us cause to revise the putative suitability of theories of vagueness as responses to the problem of the many especially due to a demonstrated inability of the theories to cope with situations in which there are instances of both problems.
10

Kühl, Ralf-Jürgen. "Superoxid-Dismutase vom Mangan-Typ als Autoantigen bei akuter Epstein-Barr-Virus-Infektion /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007260998&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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11

Qureshi, Omar. "Badr al-D?n Ibn Jam??ah and the highest good of Islamic education." Thesis, Loyola University Chicago, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10195443.

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The secularization of the academy thesis refers to the phenomenon of Protestant colleges and universities starting out as identifiable religious institutions of education now being places hostile, not only to Christianity, but religion in general. This has raised much discussion among leaders, faculty members, and students of religious educational institutions as to what is and what constitutes the identity of their respective institutions. It is in this context that we witness the rise in the establishment of Islamic schools in the North America. This context has generated many questions from the various stakeholders on the question of what the term ‘Islamic’ denotes in Islamic education and Islamic schools. There have been two general approaches to answering this question: a universalist approach, which seeks to identify the most basic element of what ‘Islamic’ denotes in concepts such as sacredness and God’s oneness, and a particularist approach, for which ‘Islamic’ denotes whatever a particular school holds it to be.

This dissertation argues that both of these approaches do not adequately prevent that trajectory of secularization as evidenced in the increasing sociological emphasis in Islamic schools’ mission and vision statement. It is argued that education should be viewed as the practice self-cultivation. It is in the self an educational institution seeks to cultivate where its identity resides. The dissertation seeks to answer the question of what the term ‘Islamic’ denotes by looking at the self Islamic education seeks to cultivate. To this end, the highest good of Islamic education is developed by examining the work Tadhkirat al-sāmi‘ wa-l-mutakallim fī ādāb l-‘ālim wa-l-muta‘āllim (A Monograph for the Auditor and the Lecturer on the ādāb of the Teacher and the Student) by the Mamluk era educationalist, Badr al-Dīn Ibn Jamā‘ah (d. 733/1333). It will be argued that according to Ibn Jamā‘ah, the highest good of Islamic education is to cultivate a soul that possesses adab.

Through identifying the self Ibn Jamā‘ah sees as the highest good of Islamic education, this study seeks to contribute to and extend the conversation of the identity of Islamic educational institutions in North America by retrieving the work of educationalist in the Islamic tradition.

12

Fletcher, Charles D. (Charles Douglas) 1962. "Anti-Christian polemic in early Islam : a translation and analysis of Abū 'Uthmān 'Amr B. Baḥr al-Jāḥiẓ's risāla : Radd 'alā al-Naṣārā (a reply to the Christians)". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79764.

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This study intends to examine a ninth century anti-Christian polemic work written by the great Muslim litterateur al-Jaḥiẓ. The historical background of the treatise is presented within the contexts of the early `Abbasid regime (750-900), the Christian communities of the time, the impact of the translation movement, the rise and development of polemic discourse between Muslims and Christians, and the life and works of al-Jaḥiẓ. The study provides the manuscript background of the letter along with a translation supplemented by the work of Joshua Finkel. The analysis of the work is limited to one section, which reflects al-Jaḥiẓ's most original contribution to antiChristian Muslim polemic. The actual analysis is focused thematically in order to better ascertain al-Jaḥiẓ's portrayal of Christians before his Muslim readers.
13

Abdulghanī, Eman Al. "A critical edition of (a section of) Kitab Sharh Musnad Abi Dawud by Al-Imam Badr Al-Din Al-Ayni Al-Hanafi." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/561/.

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The attention of scholars towards the protection of the Sunna, as a second primary source in Islamic law, started from the early centuries. Among those scholars was Abu Dawud, who was concerned in collecting the hidiths that discussed the Prophet's Sunan,in a book which he named Sunan Abi Dawud. The value of this book among Hadith books led scholars such as Alc-Ayni to write commentaries on it, to create a body of in-depth organised discussions of Fiqh rules. This thesis discusses part of Al-Aynis Sharh on Sunan Abi Dawud regarding the rules on specific kinds of voluntary prayers, namely, voluntary prayers after obligatory prayer, Duha prayer, Tasbih prayer,and night prayer. A detailed discussion of the different opinions of the scholars, especially the four main Islamic schools of law, is presented, with each school's evidences, and the scholars' attempts to reconcile conflicting Hadiths are also considered. Explanatory notes are given on the scholars and places mentioned in the manuscript, as well as difficult vocabulary. A full account is given of the documentation of each hadith in the manuscript. Al-Aynis manuscript is set in its historical and cultural context in an introductory section on the author's life and the era in which he lives, the Mamlukiepoch. Al-'Ayni' lived at the time of the Mamluki rule over Egypt, in which scholars were respected and honoured. The Mamluki facilitated scholarship by offering endowments, and building institutes of learning, so that cultural life flourished. Set against this, however, was a political background of widespread corruption, in which bribery was commonplace. Al-Ayni's life and the effect of the characteristics of his epoch on his writings are discussed with an analysis of the style he adopted in writing his commentary, and the academic value of his manuscript. Devotion to a single school of law was common in the Mamluki epoch. Al-Ayni followed the Hanafi school of law and in his Sharh his fanatical adherence to the opinions of his school are evident. Nevertheless, his thorough, systematic approach to his commentary,and comprehensive coverage of historical, biographical,linguistic and juristic matters, make this work an important contribution to the Fiqh literature, which had a profound effect on subsequent scholarship.
14

Gaxiola, Mayinger Daniela. "Die Basisdokumentation (BADO) als Instrument der Qualitätssicherung in einer psychiatrischen Klinik." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-107711.

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15

Bader, Anita [Verfasser]. "Mailinglists als Format der digitalen Wissenschaftskommunikation : eine linguistische Untersuchung / Anita Bader." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160874859/34.

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16

Andrae, Christian. "Ferdinand Christian Baur als Prediger : exemplarische Interpretationen zu seinem handschriftlichen Predigtnachlass /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35609355c.

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17

Mann, Marilynne Jones. ""Bad Apples," Overworked Trail Workers and Landowner Relations: Meanings of ATV Riding in Maine's Clubs." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MannMJ2008.pdf.

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18

Kamoun, Besma. "La poésie arabe contemporaine : métaphore et traduction : Adonis, Abdelwahab Al Bayati, Mahmoud Darwich, Badr Chaker Es-Sayyâb." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3084.

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L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est de mettre en lumière, à travers ces deux entrées que sont la métaphore et la traduction, l'universalité dont se réclame la poésie arabe contemporaine. Nous étudierons à cet effet les recueils traduits en français de Badr Chaker Es-Sayyâb, d'Abdelwahab Al Bayati, de Mahmoud Darwich et d'Adonis, poètes qui demeurent fidèles à un héritage métaphorique remontant à la poésie arabe traditionnelle mais qui s'inspirent dans le même moment de métaphores appartenant à l'imaginaire occidental pour renouveler le "vivier métaphorique" de la poésie arabe. Nous nous intéresserons également aux mécanismes grâce auxquels ces métaphores sont traduites de l'arabe au français car si le poète arabe se donne pour tâche d'atteindre l'universalité, son traducteur doit veiller à ce que transparaisse dans le texte cible ce désir d'unité et de totalisé qui anime la poésie arabe contemporaine
The objective of this research is to highlight, through the meticulous study of metaphor and translation, the universality of contemporary Arabic poetry. The study will dwell on the French translations of the poetry collections of Badr Chaker Es-Sayyâb, Abdelwahab Al Bayati, Mahmoud Darwich and Adonis, poets who remain faithful to the metaphoric heritage of traditional Arabic poetry and yet, at the same time, seek inspiration from metaphors pertaining to the western imagination as to renew the "metaphoric pond". This research will equally draw on the mechanisms through which these metaphors were translated from Arabic to French for if the Arab poet does not aim at reaching universality, his translator must ensure that the target text convey the desire for unity which animates contemporary Arabic poetry
19

Bader, Korinna [Verfasser]. "Fluorenon als Kernmotiv für Ionische Flüssigkristalle mit de Vries-artigen Eigenschaften / Korinna Bader." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196414939/34.

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20

Bader, Johannes [Verfasser]. "Arbeitsrechtlicher Diskriminierungsschutz als Privatrecht. : Funktion und Schutz der arbeitsrechtlichen Benachteiligungsverbote des AGG. / Johannes Bader." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238427529/34.

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21

Medley, Michael Roger. "Humanitarian parsimony in Sudan : the Bahr Al-Ghazal famine of 1998." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1f5fd08e-eb95-4d4e-8438-1c54c7837840.

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22

Negri, Andrea Maria <1986&gt. "Le maqmt indiane di Ab Bakr bin Musin Babd al-Alaw." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1964.

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23

Gallegos, María Isabel, and Osiris Melo. "Técnicas de Servicio y Bar (HO24), ciclo 2013-1." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/271337.

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Separata del curso Técnicas de Servicio y Bar (HO24), que corresponde al ciclo 2013-1. El documento desarrolla las técnicas y procesos de atención en bar y restaurante, mostrando los protocolos de servicio clásicos, las técnicas más usadas en bar y cocktelería, y la importancia del trato profesional en el servicio al cliente.
24

Samarrai, Ghanim Jasim. "An examination of the critical debate concerning the issue of the influence of T.S. Eliot's 'The waste land' on Badr Shakir as-Sayyab's poetry." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326992.

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25

Aiblu, Salem. "L’influence de la doctrine chafi'îte sur Abû Hayyan al-Nahwî dans son commentaire Tafsîr al-Bahr al-Muhît." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20004/document.

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Ce travail porte sur l’influence doctrinale d’al-ŠâfiÝî sur Abû Íayyân al-naÎwî, dans son grand commentaire du Coran intitulé : Tafsîr al-BaÎr -al-MuÎîÔ. Pour comprendre sa démarche herméneutique, nous consacrons une partie importante à sa vie et à sa production intellectuelle. Nous étudions l’œuvre exégétique d’Abû Íayyân : nous démontrons comment sa méthode d'analyse et sa conception de la langue arabe et du Coran sont influencées par Al-ŠâfiÝî et son école juridique. Nous approfondissons les aspects sémantiques, lexicaux et grammaticaux de son analyse exégétique, et traitons aussi des phénomènes de polysémie, de synonymie et de mots à sens opposé. Nous abordons également la conception et les apports d' Abû Íayyân dans le domaine de la rhétorique, de la métonymie, de la sémantique grammaticale (Ýilm al- maÝânî) et de la science des ornements du discours (Ýilm al- badîÝ)
This research deals with al-ŠâfiÝî's influence upon Abû Íayyân al-naÎwî 's doctrine, in his Great Commentaries of the Holy Quran entitled : Tafsîr al-BaÎr -al-MuÎîÔ. We understand his hermeneutic approach through an extensive analysis of his life and of his intellectual creation. We study Abû Íayyân's exegetical works : we show how far his analytic process and his conception of the Arabic language and of the Holy Quran are influenced by al-ŠâfiÝî and his juridic school of thought. We scrutinize the semantic, lexical and grammatical components of his approach, including polysemous, synonymous and opposite words. We analyse Abû Íayyân's conception and contribution in the fields of rhetoric, metonymy, grammatical semantics (Ýilm al- maÝânî) and in the science of ornemental speech (Ýilm al- badîÝ)
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Gómez, Israel, and Edilberto Yactayo. "Técnicas de Servicio y Bar (HO24), ciclo 2013-2." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/297048.

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Es un cuaderno de trabajo que hace un barrido general sobre las técnicas de atención en comedor y sus diferentes variantes, estilos y protocolos. Asimismo, se ocupa de todos los temas referidos a la elaboración de cócteles y de los procesos de producción en bares de hotelería.
27

Baur, Martina [Verfasser]. "PTEN als Zielmolekül zur Förderung des Neuritenwachstums und zur potentiellen Biofunktionalisierung eines Peptidgels / Martina Baur." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106902046X/34.

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28

Herrmann, Michaela. "Vom Schauen als Metapher des Begehrens : die venezianischen Darstellungen der "Susanne im Bade" im Cinquecento /." Marburg : Hitzeroth, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355601295.

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29

Saad, Amal. "Les idées morales et métaphysiques chez Abu Bakr Ibn Zakariyy Al-Razi (Rhazes)." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4007.

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30

Pustowka, Patricia [Verfasser], and Hans Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Bader. "Neue Synthesestrategien als Thema des Chemieunterrichts - Experimente zur Kombinatorischen Chemie / Patricia Pustowka. Gutachter: Hans Peter Bader." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044274581/34.

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31

Schneider, Tillmann [Verfasser], S. [Gutachter] Baer, and P. [Gutachter] Dann. "Recht als Übersetzung : Rechtspluralismus und Gewohnheitsrecht in ghanaischen Gerichten / Tillmann Schneider ; Gutachter: S. Baer, P. Dann." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113686146/34.

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32

Al-Bado, Mustafa [Verfasser], and Anja [Akademischer Betreuer] Feldmann. "Realistic PHY Modeling for Accurate Wireless Simulations / Mustafa Al-Bado. Betreuer: Anja Feldmann." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031511342/34.

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33

Baur, Jan Olaf [Verfasser], and Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Lage. "Regulation der Genexpression von humanen mesenchymalen Stromazellen als Funktion der Expansionsfähigkeit / Jan Olaf Baur ; Betreuer: Claudia Lage." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182537839/34.

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34

Mashkovskaya, Anna [Verfasser], Rupprecht S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Baur, and Albert [Akademischer Betreuer] Bremerich-Vos. "Der C-Test als Lesetest bei Muttersprachlern / Anna Mashkovskaya. Gutachter: Albert Bremerich-Vos. Betreuer: Rupprecht S. Baur." Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046502816/34.

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35

Eydoux, Benoit. "Etude théorique de la réactivité de la reconstruction (2X2) de l'AIN(0001)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30137/document.

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L'utilisation de systèmes moléculaires individuels pouvant jouer le rôle de composants avec des fonctions électroniques ou logiques requiert des interfaces parfaitement contrôlées. Plus précisément, le support sur lequel ces systèmes sont déposés et les électrodes métalliques qui permettent de contacter une molécule individuelle, sont des interfaces qui nécessitent un soin d'élaboration particulier. La croissance d'îlots bidimensionnels (2d) de métaux sur un isolant monocristallin permet de générer des nano-plots 2d pouvant servir de réservoirs d'électrons en minimisant les courants de fuite en surface. Ainsi, il apparaît capital de bien comprendre les modes de croissance des systèmes métal/isolant qui sont à l'heure actuelle mal connus. Ce travail de thèse s'attache à décrire et à expliquer la croissance de différents métaux sur la surface de l'AlN(0001) polaire, qui est un composé nitrure à grand gap, par des calculs basés sur la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT).Dans un premier temps, une description approfondie des différentes surfaces du nitrure d'aluminium est présentée. Des calculs DFT ont permis de rationaliser les reconstructions en fonction des conditions expérimentales. La reconstruction (2 x 2)-Nad est discutée, puisqu'elle a été observée en microscopie à force atomique. Dans un deuxième temps, le cas du dépôt d'atomes d'or est abordé en connexion avec des résultats expérimentaux. Les calculs DFT donnent un aperçu des mécanismes qui conduisent à la stabilisation d'îlots 2d sur l'AlN. L'adsorption d'or s'accompagne, d'une part, d'un transfert de charge vertical provenant du substrat d'AlN, ce qui satisfait au critère de stabilité électrostatique pour un matériau polaire et, deuxièmement, par des transferts de charges horizontaux reliés aux propriétés acido-basiques locales de la reconstruction (2 x 2)-Nad. Enfin, des calculs effectués sur deux autres métaux, le magnésium et l'argent, sont exposés. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles stratégies utilisant des substrats polaires pour développer des monocouches métalliques sur des substrats isolants
The use of individual molecular systems that can act as components with electronic or logical functions requires perfectly controlled interfaces. More precisely, the support on which these systems are deposited and the metal electrodes that allow to contact an individual molecule, are interfaces that require special care in preparation. The growth of two-dimensional (2d) islands of metals on a monocrystalline insulator allows to generate 2d nano-pads that can be used as electron reservoirs by minimizing surface leakage currents. Thus, it is essential to understand the growth modes of metal/insulating systems which are at present poorly known. This work aims at describing and explaining the growth of different metals on the surface of the polar AlN (0001), which is a large gap nitride compound, by calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). In a first step, a detailed description of the various surfaces of the aluminum nitride is presented. DFT calculations permit to rationalize the reconstructions according to the experimental conditions. The (2 x 2)-Nad reconstruction is discussed, since it was observed by atomic force microscopy. In a second step, the case of the deposit of gold atoms is tackled in connection with experimental results. DFT calculations give an overview of the mechanisms that lead to the stabilization of 2d islands on AlN. The adsorption of gold is accompanied, on the one hand, by a vertical charge transfer from the AlN substrate, which satisfies the electrostatic stability criterion for a polar material and, on the other hand, by horizontal charge transfers related to the local acid-base properties of the (2 x 2)-Nad reconstruction. Finally, calculations made on two other metals, magnesium and silver, are exposed. These results open the way to new strategies using polar substrates to develop metallic monolayers on insulating substrates
36

Hammoudan, Abdelouahid. "Etude syntaxico-sémantique de la métaphore dans "Unšūdat al-maṭar" = Le chant de la pluie, de Badr Shäkir as-Sayya͏̈b (1926-1964)". Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10045.

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La metaphore d'as-sayyab exploite tous les cadres syntaxiques de la typologie proposee par joelle tamine pour la descrip tion de la metaphore francaise. Mais sa syntaxe n'exprime aucune originalite. En effet, toutes ses formes representent d es procedes grammaticaux auxquels la metaphore poetique arabe a eu recours depuis longtemps. L'apport renovateur de la metaphore d'unshudat al-matar est localisable tantot dans une volonte d'abstraire, tantot dans l'emploi des substantifs comme epithetes. Par ailleurs, nombreuses sont les metaphores qui revelent une impossibilite referentielle; elles sont en fait differentes de celles fondees sur une impertinence semantique reductible. Parfois la production de la metaphore ne depend pas seulement d'une liaison syntaxique, mais plutot de sa coincidence avec une liaison anaphorique. Dans des c as tres rares, elle provient d'une liaison purement anaphorique. Pour mieux saisir le fonctionnement a la fois syntaxiqu e et semantique de la metaphore, il est necessaire dans plusieurs cas de faire appel au contexte constructif. La, on assiste a la rencontre de plusieurs metaphores de nature syntaxique identique ou differente. Une metaphore constitue ainsi le developpement syntaxico-semantique d'une autre et forme avec elle une unite imagee complexe qui contribue efficacement a la composition structurale et organique du poeme.
37

Baca, Caldas Alejandra Veroushka. "Calidad de servicio de Bali Bar Lounge en la ciudad de Chiclayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2016. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1429.

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Esta investigación se realizó en el ámbito de la ciudad de Chiclayo, que se encuentra dentro de la región de Lambayeque, donde se ha evidenciado la falta de nuevas propuestas de entretenimiento. La investigación tuvo como objetivo, conocer la realidad de la calidad de satisfacción que tienen los clientes hacia Bali Bar-Lounge. El diseño de la presente investigación fue descriptivo y se encuentra dentro del tipo de investigación cuantitativa la cual la cantidad de muestra es de personas. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó la técnica de gabinete: fichas bibliográficas, textuales, resumen y comentario; además, la técnica de campo, a través de: encuestas y entrevistas. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el programa “Excel 2010”, donde se usaron tablas de frecuencia y gráficos estadísticos, los cuales sirvieron para evidenciar y contabilizar correctamente los resultados, consecutivamente el análisis y su respectiva interpretación. En el presente proyecto, se indagó sobre la manera en que se está desarrollando y creciendo estas nuevas tendencias de bares en el Perú; también se abarcó los distintos factores que intervienen en esto, tales como la calidad de servicio, la infraestructura de los bares, entre otros.
Tesis
38

Al-Shaiji, Abd Al-Hamid K. M. H. "Critical Study and edition of Al-Turuq al-Hukmiyya fi-i-Siyasa al-Sharyya al-Shar'iyya of Imam Shams al-Din b. Muhammad b. Abu Bakr Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (IQJ)." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503580.

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39

Chekroun, Amélie. "Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010699/document.

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Le "Futuh al-Habasa", récit en arabe de différentes guerres menées par l'imam Ahmad depuis le sultanat du "Bar Sa'ad ad-din" contre le royaume chrétien d'Ethiopie entre les années 1520 et 1535/1537, relate notamment comment l'essentiel des territoires chrétiens est passé provisoirement sous domination musulmane au cours de la « conquête de l'Abyssinie » (1531-1543). En analysant cette source endogène unique en son genre, cette thèse vise à proposer un changement de perspective dans la manière dont est abordée l'histoire de l'Ethiopie, an accordant sa pleine place à l'islam éthiopien, au carrefour entre les études éthiopiennes et celles sur l'islam médiéval.L'analyse littéraire du "Futuh al-Habasa" révèle que son auteur, Arab Faqih, rédigea cet ouvrage après l'échec de la « conquête de l'Abyssinie », probablement en vue de convaincre les élites du "Bar Sa'ad ad-din" de repartir à la conquête du royaume chrétien. En faisant appel à la littérature des premiers siècles de l'islam mais aussi à des références plus contemporaines, Arab Faqih réalise ainsi une apologie du "gihad" en présentant l'imam Ahmad comme le modèle du parfait "mugahid".D'autre part l'étude de l'histoire du "Bar Sa'ad ad-din" (1415-1583), des rapports de pouvoir au sein du sultanat et des relations que ce dernier entretenait avec le royaume chrétien voisin, révèle les facteurs internes à cette société qui ont conduit l'imam Ahmad à entreprendre une telle guerre. Le Futuh al-Habasa montre enfin que cette conquête vit l'émergence de nouvelles pratiques de guerre et de nouvelles manières de la penser, et détaille le projet d'une « grande Ethiopie musulmane » qui ne survécut pas à la mort de l'imam en 1543
The Futuh al-Habasa is an Arabic language account of a number of wars initiated by the imam Ahmad from the Bar Sa'ad ad-din sultanate against the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia between the years 1520 and 1535/1537 ; of particular interest is its narrative of the temporary Muslim domination of the majority of the Christian territories during the conquest of Abyssinia (1531-1543). Through analysis of this unique endogenous source this PhD aims to propose a new way to approach th history of Ethiopia by considering the Ethiopian Islam as a full-fledged topic, at the crossroads between the studies on Ethiopia and those on Medieval Islam.The literary analysis of the Futuh al-Habasa reveals that its author, Arab Faqih, wrote this account after the failure of the « conquest of Abyssinia », probably with a view to convince the elites of the Bar Sa'ad ad-din to march on the Christian kingdom once again. Drawing on literature from the first centuries of Islam as well as on more contemporary references, Arab Faqih thus writes an apology of gihad, presenting the imam Ahmad as being an example of the perfect mugahid.On the other hand, studying the history of the Bar Sa'ad ad-din (1415-1583), the power relationships inside the sultanate and its links with the neighbouring Christian kingdom, reveals the factors internal to this society that pushed the imam Ahmad to undertake such a war. The Futuh al-Habasa shows finally that during this conquest, new practices of war and new ways of conceiving it emerged. It also details the project of a « great Muslim Ethiopia » that didn't survive the death of the imam in 1543
40

Behzadi, Lale. "Die qissa-qasida : Übersetzung und Untersuchung ausgewählter Kurzprosa der Sammlungen Madá' inu l-bad' und Gawáyátu z-z /." Hildesheim : G. Olms, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39276919r.

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41

Bader, Helene [Verfasser]. "Das Psychodrama-Bindungstypen-Interview (PDBI). Ein szenisches Verfahren als Instrument der psychotherapeutischen Diagnostik : Aufbau, Anwendung und erste Ergebnisse / Helene Bader." München : GRIN Verlag, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180605489/34.

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42

Sauma, Assad. "Gregory Bar-Hebraeus's commentary on the Book of Kings from his "Storehouse of mysteries" : a critical edition with an English translation, introduction and notes /." Uppsala : Universitet, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39142150x.

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Diss.--Semitic languages--Uppsala--University, 2003.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Fūšōq sfar malké mén ktōbō dawṣār rōzé daʻbīd lmawdaʻtō rabō mōr Ġrīġūryūs Yūḥanōn bar ʻÉbrōyō mafryōnō dmadénhō : aṣaḥtō mfaḥamtō wmaʻbrōnūtō anġlīšōytō ʻam nūhrō mḥakmōnō w sīmō ʻal yūlfōnō dfūšōqō daktōbé qadīšé lwōt sūryōyé / byad Asʻad bar Dawīd Asʻad Ṣawmā. Contient le texte syriaque avec trad. anglaise du Commentaire du "Livre des Rois" contenu dans "Horreum mysteriorum" Bibliogr. p. 14-41. Index.
43

Rad-Sakouhi, Cornelia von. "La langue dans le livre des animaux d'al-Gahiz, comme notion et comme lieu d'argumentation." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/von_rad-sakouhi_c.

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Dans cette recherche nous essayons de comprendre la vision particulière qu'a al-Gahiz (776-869) de la langue(comprenant ici langue, discours et langage). Cette vision apparaît d'un côté à travers sa théorie du Bayân, (théorie de la signification et de la communication) qui impose une vision statique de la langue. La langue devient une réalité fixe au même plan que sa " référence " extra-linguistique. Le rôle du sujet parlant dans l'engendrement du sens est limité et les concepts linguistiques de la convention, du signifiant et de la référence extra-linguistique ne trouvent plus de place dans l'univers du Bayân. La valeur particulière de la langue se dégage du discours argumentatif de notre auteur, dans lequel elle devient un " lieu " de l'argumentation, un argument agissant sur la réalité physique observable. Le domaine du linguistique et celui de l'extra-linguistique s'interpénètrent
This particular vision appears on the one hand in his theory of Bayân, (theory of meaning and communicationʿ wich leads to a static vision of language. Thus language becomes a stable reality similar to its extra-linguistic referenceʺ. The role of the human being using language in creating meaning is limited, and the linguistic concepts of convention, and extra-linguistic reference have no more place in the universe of Bayân. The particular value of language can be found also in his argumentative discourse in which language becomes an argument influencing the physical observable reality. The domains of what belongs to linguistics and what is extra-linguistic penetrate each other
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Al-Hajeri, Shayea Abdulhadi Saif. "Critical edition of the eleventh volume of 'Iqd al-jumān fī tārīkh ahl al-zamān, with particular reference to the historical fragments from the lost book of Muḥammad b. 'Abd al-Malik al-Hamadhānī called : 'Unwān al-siyar fī maḥāsin ahl al-Badū wa'l Ḥaḍar or Al-Ma'ārif al-muta'khkhira". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7525.

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This thesis is divided into four sections. The first chapter deals with Mamlūk historiography and its major characteristics, alongside an examination of the life al' Aynī's, who was one of the most prominent historians of the period. Special attention is paid to his professions, masters, students as well as his numerous works. Chapter two, on the other hand, focuses on the copies of 'Iqd al-jumān fi tārīkh ahl al-zamān, mentioning the published volumes that covered most of the Ayyūbid and Mamlūk eras. The rest of this chapter deals with the methodology used in the edition of Volume eleven (431-520/1040-1126) as well as demonstrating its importance and sources. Chapter three presents an edition of the Arabic text of Volume eleven. Chapter four is a separate volume, which initially deals with the life and works of the historian Muḥammad b. 'Abd al-Malik al-Hamadhānī. The rest of chapter examines the historical fragments from his lost historical book, called 'Unwān al-siyar fī maḥāsin ahl al-Badū wa'-l Ḥaḍr, also known as Al-Ma'ārif al-muta'akhkhira: these fragments are to be found in Volume eleven of the 'Iqd al-jumān. At the end of this chapter, the Arabic text is reconstructed and its biographical materials, are reorganised in alphabetical order.
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Enders, Tina [Verfasser], Martina [Akademischer Betreuer] Löw, Martina [Gutachter] Löw, Monika [Gutachter] Grubbauer, and Nina [Gutachter] Baur. "Behagliche Monumentalität in Frankfurt : Architektur als Produkt städtischer Relevanzen / Tina Enders ; Gutachter: Martina Löw, Monika Grubbauer, Nina Baur ; Betreuer: Martina Löw." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161461884/34.

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46

Enders, Tina [Verfasser], Martina [Akademischer Betreuer] Löw, Martina Gutachter] Löw, Monika [Gutachter] [Grubbauer, and Nina [Gutachter] Baur. "Behagliche Monumentalität in Frankfurt : Architektur als Produkt städtischer Relevanzen / Tina Enders ; Gutachter: Martina Löw, Monika Grubbauer, Nina Baur ; Betreuer: Martina Löw." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161461884/34.

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47

Yagoubi, Mostafa. "Les jongleries verbales et le parallélisme dans les "Séances" de Hamaḏānī". Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030011.

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L'analyse des seances de hamadani est inspiree par le peu d'etudes qui existent sur ce genre litteraire, qui, a notre avis, n'a pas encore recu toute l'atten tion qu'il merite. Ecrivain original, hamadani compte parmi les plus savants de son temps; ses preoccupations sont de reflechir a l'esthetique, de plaire au public, d'utiliser les techniques les plusdiverses en composant des exercices de style et de langue, en jonglant avec les tons et le verbe. Cet essai s'inscrit dans l'etude des composants de la virtuosite litteraire d'al-hamadani que nous qualifions de "jongleries verbales". Celles-ci se manifestent a des niveaux divers de la langue arabe, en particulier dans le langage mis en oeuvre, dans les registres du discours et dans les types textuels exploites par l'auteur. Malgre son extreme variete, les seances obeissent a une preoccupation qui suffirait a la distinguer et a la singulariser, celle d'interesser par la beaute de son style rythme et rime autant que par le choix des sujets. L'art du rytme et de la rime represente l'une des formes les plus attachantes des seances; concu pour un cadre large et varie, faisant appel a des moyens d'expression divers, il exige une grande concentration de la substance musicale et de son pouvoir expressif. L'analyse se propose donc de degager l'essentiel du parallelisme d'exposer a la fois ses origines, les principaux problemes esthetiques. .
The few critical studies devoted to the literary genre called "seance" are undoutedly the principal "raison d'etre" of this analytical study on hamadani"s "seances" which have not received yet the attention they deserve. Among the most inspired writers of his times, hamadani is interested in aesthe tics and the use of diverse tehniques related to style and language, in juggleries with tones and verbs, an art which hamadani masters with virtuosity. In spite of its extreme variety, the literary genre called "seance" has a preoccupation of its own embodied in the beauty of its style and the nature of its subjects matters. Parallelisme is one particular form of the "seances". The objective of the study is to look al its origines, its major techniques and features in our writer's works
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Leippi, Eugen. "Gästebefragungen als Instrument des Destinationsmanagements von Kurorten : Methoden, Qualität, Repräsentativität - dargestellt am Beispiel einer permanenten Gästebefragung in Bad Birnbach /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994207484/04.

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49

Dalmer, Nathalia, and Åsberg Lisa Strålin. "“All a bad b*tch need is money” -en kritisk analys av ambivalensen mellan feminism och kapitalism i musikvideor." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-80986.

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This article argues for the ambivalence between the use of feminist discourses in commercial purposes as the music industry and popular culture is driven by capitalist logic. The issue is analyzed with a multimodal discourse analysis. By studying the visual and lexical resources in Cardi B’s music video to single “Money” we find that whilst the video from a feminist perspective can be viewed as sex positive and empowering, it simultaneously satisfies the male-gaze and reproduces the objectification and sexualisation of women. As the music industry is thrives from a commercial basis, it is capitalism that benefits from its profits.
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Shaker, Asaad. "Reason and finality in Ibn Zakarīyāʾ al-Rāzī's philosophical works". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60093.

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In this study, the relationship between medical thought and philosophy is investigated through the works of the famous Islamic thinker, Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Zakariya al-Razi (ca. 250-323/864-935). In one of the texts we shall be examining Razi thought that he could resolve the problem of the world's creation through allegory. Razi's interlocuter was concerned to defend the idea of epistemological "revelation." Although Razi agrees that the Intellect was sent by the Creator, he insists that this was done primarily for the benefit of the "self," which had become entangled in "material confusion." He is particularly concerned to counter the authoritarian implications of his opponent's epistemological position, which appears to emphasize doctrinal truth at the expense of all other considerations. These considerations are taken up by Razi in another work, the Kitab al-tibb al-ruhani. There, he draws on the science of medical treatment for application in ethics, but with some interesting implications for the problem of knowledge. The real object must be to bring man to his proper destination, and in this Razi's views coincide with the early mystical tradition in Islam, from al-Hujwiri to al-Ghazzali, where the problem essentially consists of existential realization rather than a merely abstract or intellectual process.

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